Ventures In India Research Articles

Science and Technology Ventures in India: Integrating NIS, SSI and Ecosystem Perspectives

The study traces the emergence of science and technology ventures (STVs) in India through two systemic lenses—National Innovation System (NIS) perspective, which espouses a top-down, policy-driven approach to encourage STVs, and the ecosystem perspective, which highlights the role of independent organisations in nucleating STVs. Converging the NIS and ecosystem perspectives—at sectoral levels—is found to be germane for STV emergence. The sectoral systems of innovation (SSI) perspective is then advanced to emphasise how the integration of NIS and ecosystem approaches has enabled a thriving STV landscape in India. The case of biotech sector is discussed to illustrate the integration. Based on this analysis, the study advocates policy intervention at the sectoral level, and a thrust on firm-centric innovation as a complement to investments in fundamental research, to unleash a wave of STVs in the country.

Optimizing Waste-to-Energy Ventures in India: Best Value Procurement as a Strategic Imperative

Optimizing Waste-to-Energy Ventures in India: Best Value Procurement as a Strategic Imperative

An integrated techno-economic decision-support fiscal forecast model for sea cage mariculture enterprises for Asian seabass production in Indian territorial waters

Cage-based mariculture ventures in India are expanding, particularly emerging with the most sought-after candidate Asian seabass Lates calcarifer in territorial waters. However, comprehensive techno-economics have not been attempted, and thus hindering the sector's growth potential. To address this, a spatiotemporally validated decision-support model was developed to optimize investment decisions and forecast economic performance. Peer-reviewed contextual data was used to establish scientifically valid assumptions, and robust scenario simulations were conducted to benchmark production systems and species performance. Unit standards were defined and benchmarked for metric deployment for the first time. Capacity Utilization (CU) was found to be critical for success, achieving break-even at 31% CU with set model specifications derived from an inverse linkage with market price dynamics. The enterprise model demonstrated significant economic potential over a ten-year horizon, with low risk due to current policy initiatives by the Indian government. Furthermore, the model architecture and benchmarked specifications derived are adaptable to other candidates with its species-specific biological parameter application. The study can aid stakeholders in planning the enterprise budget. Most importantly, the study highlights the advantages of integrating technological, biological, and financial approaches to mitigate risks and promote the mariculture sector in India. The adaptability of the Asian seabass to farming systems, technical feasibility, and the availability of seeds and suitable sites along the Indian coast have been influential factors and these attributes in specific underpins the profitability. This research provides a way forward for the future of the sector in India, particularly with regard to farming of the Asian seabass, and emphasizes the importance of techno-economic models (TEM) in promoting strategic development of the mariculture sector through open sea cage farming.

Comparing the economics of hemp (Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa) cultivation for fiber and seed yield as influenced by spacing and nutrition

Hemp is dual purpose crop, where fibers and seeds have found its place in textile and food industry due to its strong fiber and nutrition content in seed. The cultivation of hemp is a new venture in India where farmers get dual income by both fibers and seeds hence, optimizing spacing and nutrient management to harness maximum yield of fiber and seed can double the income of farmers. The present investigation on economics of hemp cultivation revealed that the, maximum gross returns (Rs. 5,74,000/ ha) were obtained from plants grown at 10 cm × 5 cm spacing and supplied with 125 per cent RDF plus PGPR consortia but highest B:C ratio of 4.68 was observed in plants grown at spacing of 20 cm × 10 cm and nourished with 100 per cent of RDF plus PGPR consortia for fiber purposes. Upon considering seed economics maximum gross returns (Rs. 12,58,200/ ha) was recorded in the treatment combination of 10 cm × 10 cm spacing and supplied with 125 per cent RDF plus PGPR consortia while, maximum B:C ratio of 13.17 was noted from plots where plants were spaced at 15 cm × 10 cm and supplied with nutrition of 100 per cent RDF plus PGPR consortia for seed purposes.

Assessing the impact of global initiatives on current and future land restoration scenarios in India

Land degradation across the world has resulted in an unprecedented decline of ecosystem services, affecting the livelihood of 3.2 billion people globally. Sustainable land management is essential to protect our finite land resources from over-exploitation and degradation. Therefore, the present article was aimed to analyze the impacts of various national and international policies on current and future land restoration scenarios in India. A spatially explicit model (CLUMondo) was employed to predict scenarios, i.e., the ‘business as usual’ (BU) and ‘sustainable restoration’ (SR) by 2030. Though the results showed an increasing trend in land degradation , i.e., from 44.28 to 49.74 Mha during the period of 2005–15, a slight decrease was observed in 2019 (49.24 Mha), suggesting a net increase of 11.21% during the 2005–19 period. However, an increase in forest cover by 5.08% under existing policy targets overtook the degradation rate by restoration initiatives. The net decline in degraded land area by 1% with an increased forest cover by 1.83% observed during the 2015–19 periods reflected the positive impact of various national and global policies on existing restoration ventures in India. Our modeled results (weighted AUC = 0.87) also suggested an increase in forest cover by 6.9% and 9.9% under BU and SR scenarios, respectively. Under the BU scenario, degraded land will be restored up to 12.1 Mha; however, 6.27 Mha of these lands will be converted to cropland for food production. Importantly, a decrease in grasslands by 35.1% under the BU scenario warrants the urgency to maintain the integrity of such ecological systems. However, the SR scenario showed an increase in grasslands by 8.9%, with an overall restoration of degraded land up to 18.31 Mha. Moreover, a reduced cropland expansion rate of 1% suggested an effective land management response. While our results may have some uncertainties due to the model limitations, they can still be used for framing suitable land management policies to facilitate sustainable land restoration programs in India.

“Who Are My Customers?”: The Case of Social Marketing a Social Entrepreneurship Venture in India

Social entrepreneurial ventures generally have lower profitability owing to poor value perceptions of their offerings, which negatively impact financial sustainability. A frequent antecedent is the negative view of marketing prevalent in the sector, requiring an attitudinal transformation. This study provides one such success story that demonstrates how a deliberate marketing-driven approach allowed social entrepreneurs in Eastern India to pilot a new venture with creative offerings that detected and filled a financially viable gap in the cultural clothing market. This paper makes a case for social entrepreneurship ventures to be market savvy in order to financially nurture their social mission.

The impact of entrepreneurs' full-time versus hybrid employment and social connections on new venture survival: a USA–India comparison

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how the entrepreneurs' social connections and types of employment differentially affect the survival of startup firms in the USA and India. Further, the authors analyze the differences during both the early stage and the later stages of new ventures. Design/methodology/approach The authors use data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) database between 2012 and 2014 and examine the hypothesized effects with logistic regression analyses. Findings The analysis reveals that an entrepreneur's social connections with other entrepreneurs favor the survival of the focal entrepreneur's early-stage business in the USA. However, social connections are more critical for later-stage ventures in India. During the early stage, new ventures of full-time entrepreneurs are more likely to survive in India, whereas those by hybrid entrepreneurs are more likely to survive in the USA. The differences between the importance of full-time and hybrid entrepreneurs across geographies are less discernible during the later stages of new ventures. Originality/value The novelty of this paper is that it demonstrates the significant differences in the way social connections and types of employment (hybrid versus full-time) affect the survival of entrepreneurial firms in the early and later stages. The study also expands the international business literature by shedding new light on country-level differences that affect the survival of new ventures.

Kate Fullagar. The Warrior, the Voyager, and the Artist: Three Lives in an Age of Empire.

Kate Fullagar. <i>The Warrior, the Voyager, and the Artist: Three Lives in an Age of Empire</i>.

Elucidating technology-based social entrepreneurs’ scale and scope perspectives: a study of environmental and organizational variables

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to ascertain how social entrepreneurs were required to recognize their new ventures’ scope and scale of operations. The firm boundary was based upon two dimensions, namely, the scope of the offering and its scale. The objective of this research was to ascertain the thinking regarding this of social entrepreneurs engaged through technology-based social entrepreneurship (TBSE).Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted an in-depth interview of 26 technology entrepreneurs engaged in social entrepreneurship ventures in India. The interview was carried out based upon a semi-structured open-ended questionnaire. This study undertook thematic and relational content analysis to develop a model of technology-based social entrepreneurs’ venture scoping and scaling.FindingsThis study found that the antecedent variables were the level of support perceived by social entrepreneur from government and at the industry level. Furthermore, the variables’ entrepreneurial and market orientation of social entrepreneurs were found to be the independent variables. These four variables in turn determined the explorative and exploitative horizon of the technology-based social entrepreneurs. Finally, an interplay of these variables ascertained the perspectives of social entrepreneurs engaged in TBSE regarding the notion of their firm’s scope and scale.Research limitations/implicationsThe theoretical insights developed in this research study provided an integrated theoretical perspective accommodating both environmental perspectives (industry support and government support) and organizational perspectives (entrepreneurial and market aspects). This was in context of TBSE.Practical implicationsThe insights from this research study could provide a robust and comprehensive understanding to social entrepreneurs regarding the strategic thinking towards scale and scope for a technology-based social venture.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, this study was one of the first theoretical works in TBSE towards scaling versus scoping perspectives.

Social Entrepreneurship and Women Empowerment : A Case Study of Peepal Tree Organisation

Social entrepreneurship ventures in India give solutions to many problems. The main problem in India is empowerment of women, where social entrepreneurship ventures are trying to empower women. This study focussed on barriers to women empowerment, the elements of women empowerment defined by European Institute of Gender Equity (EIGE), and the case of Peepal Tree Foundation (PTF) which is trying to empower women. The PTF as a social enterprise provides training to women that enables them to produce products. It empowers women with economic security, entrepreneurial quality, and educational knowledge.

Clariant forms ethoxylate venture in India

Clariant forms ethoxylate venture in India

Emergence of women entrepreneurship ventures in India

Change in the Indian business environment because of globalisation has brought many advantages for those women who want to become entrepreneurs. The basic objectives of the paper are to find out the nature of women entrepreneurship ventures in India and examine the motivational factors of women entrepreneurs. Since India is a land of diverse culture, it is assumed that nature of women entrepreneurship ventures differ from place to place. The study is descriptive in nature and based on in-depth review of literature. The studies which have been published in various academic journals and articles in books on various aspects of women entrepreneurship in India during 1996 to 2016 have been considered.

Leveraging ICT to Overcome Complementary Institutional Voids: Insights from Institutional Work by a Social Enterprise to Help Marginalized

There is, in general, a dearth of empirical inquiries on how institutional voids are filled through institutional work in marginalized communities. Extant studies have focussed on institutional work that addresses solitary institutional void, mostly in formal settings. In this paper, we inquire the case of a social entrepreneurial venture in India that identified two complementary institutional voids (productive ageing void of the urban elderly and rural education void of children) and attempted to simultaneously address the two voids. The issue of physical distance between the two groups was overcome by enacting an ICT platform. We also show how the institutional challenges associated with the ICT implementation led them to pursue different kinds of institutional works in their context. We then identify different theoretical dimensions of institutional works that could be used in marginalized contexts. Finally, we show how the ‘complementary voids’ approach has implications for both theory and practice.

A Study on Growth of Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India - An Golden Opportunity for Growth of Indian Corporate Sectors

The concept of Goods and Service Tax (GST) is one of the biggest revolutions in decades around the world. The main objective of this research is to investigates that the revenue collection of Goods and Service Tax (GST) month wise and its growth. It also examines that total number of 3 (b) and GSTR I return filed in Goods and Service Tax (GST) month, quarter wise and its growth rates as on 30th April, 2019 in India. This study used secondary data. This study used to descriptive statistical tools used such as tables, charts, percentage analysis for analysis and interpretation of data. Inferential statistical tools used such as correlation, paired t test to test various hypotheses of the study. The study period covered since its implementation to as on 30th April, 2019. This results of study indicated that total number of 1,31,88,052 GST tax payer and totally 20,31,884 (Rs in Thousand Crore) collected India as on 30th April, 2019. Out of twenty months positive growth having in eleven month and negative growth having nine months compared with previous month collections. This study finally suggested that government of India, ministry of finance, ministry of commerce and various State/UT governments to take necessary reforms in GST registrations, filing of GST return,payment of tax, refund, interest,penalty and various types GST exemptions different type of tax payers. It is finally concluded that the introduction of GST in India has replaced all indirect taxes in one tax and common market for entire nation it wills bring positive energy for entrepreneurs for staring new business ventures in India.

Development and validation of extension strategies for effective management of reproductive problems of dairy animals

Reproductive problems in dairy animals emerged as prime concern for farmers due to their significant effect on the profitability and sustainability of dairy ventures in India. The present study was undertaken to assess the major reproductive problems of dairy animals as well as to develop and validate the extension strategies for managing reproductive problems. A total of 60 respondents from three villages viz Dilawara, Chundipur and Dhakwada of Karnal district were selected through simple random sampling. Data were gathered through structured interview schedule from dairy farmers who had at least one milch animal. Study revealed that repeat breeding, anestrous, retention of fetal membrane and prolapse were the major reproductive problems of dairy animals as perceived by 46.67, 36.67, 28.33 and 26.67 per cent of respondents respectively. Among 14 selected extension strategies, development and demonstration of video on specific reproductive issues with Rank Based Quotient (RBQ) value of 81.19 and preparation of extension literature with RBQ value of 72.38 were found to be the two best strategies for faster dissemination of information onmanagement of reproductive problems. The mean knowledge gain was found to be 10.75 per cent, 13.28 per cent and 15.23 per cent after exposure to different treatments i.e. booklet, video and both (video+booklet) respectively in the studyvillages. This explains the effectiveness of extension strategies and warrants the extension personnel to contextualise and deploy appropriate combinations of different extension strategies in order toimprove the information delivery system.

A Participatory Systems Mapping (PSM) based approach towards analysis of business sustainability of rural Indian milk dairies

Drawing from the theories of Participatory Systems Mapping (PSM) this study presents an approach to analysing the business sustainability of entrepreneurial dairy ventures in India. The article begins with a general introduction to the small and medium scale dairy ventures in rural India, highlighting the prominent issues and challenges faced by the stakeholders. The second part demonstrates the use of the PSM framework in developing the Stock and flow diagram (SFD). Further, data from a local milk dairy is collected, and simulations are carried out between 2017–2025 using Vensim®. The outputs are analysed, and inferences are made. This study is expected to enable the policy makers towards the development of sustainable strategies for dairy businesses in general and enable the entrepreneur to analyse the future trends of the potential strategies under his consideration

Green entrepreneurship in theory and practice: insights from India

The rising global concern on climate change and sustainable development has led to a paradigm shift in the Indian markets. Consumers today prefer green products over conventional products as they are growing environmentally and socially responsible. As a result of the growing base of eco-consumers several individuals and organisations are taking advantage of the contemporary Indian market scenario by innovating and redesigning their products with a green perspective. Hence, the concept of green entrepreneurship is slowly and steadily establishing stronghold in the Indian markets. This study is exploratory in nature as it offers insights into the emergence of the concept of green entrepreneurship and its role in the Indian context. Based on the available literature the study proposes a conceptual model which explains the nexus between environmental, economic and social actors in development of green entrepreneurship which further leads to achievement of sustainable development. The opportunities and challenges for green entrepreneurship development are also explored in light of the initiatives taken by business houses, individuals and the Government of India by taking up case studies of successful green entrepreneurship ventures in India.

A Model forSuccess of an International Joint Venture in India: Validated through Analytic Hierarchy Process

A Model forSuccess of an International Joint Venture in India: Validated through Analytic Hierarchy Process

Total rewards components and work happiness in new ventures

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of total rewards components (monetary, material and non-monetary) on happiness of employees working in Indian technology-based new ventures. Further, with the theoretical lens of social exchange theory, the mediating role of work engagement between total rewards perceptions and work happiness relationship has also been evaluated.Design/methodology/approachA survey of 201 employees working in Indian technology-based new ventures was conducted. Structural equation modeling was utilized to measure the proposed theoretical model. Regression analysis was conducted to test the direct effects of the hypothesized relationships. Sobel test and bootstrapping analysis were utilized to test the indirect effects of the proposed hypothesized relationship.FindingsThe findings supported the hypotheses that employees’ perceptions of total rewards have a significant impact on employee work engagement and happiness at work. However, individual component of total rewards, i.e. monetary rewards, demonstrated an insignificant impact on the employee work happiness. Work engagement was positively related to work happiness and fully mediated the relationship between total rewards perceptions and work happiness.Practical implicationsSpecial attention should be given to enhance the material and non-monetary rewards, specifically strengthening the feeling of appreciation, learning and growth opportunities and improving feedback functions. Given the challenges of new ventures (productivity and efficiency of talent), management of total rewards mix should be considered as the main concern of human resource (HR) managers and management (founders). The paper also provides important implications for designing a reward system that enhances employee productivity and efficiency in the unstructured and ambiguous work environment of new ventures.Originality/valueThe present study has significant contributions to the HR, entrepreneurship and positive psychology literature. It is an attempt to understand the association between total rewards components and work happiness via mediating mechanism, i.e. work engagement in new ventures. It also extends research in the entrepreneurial context. The emergence and growth of new ventures in India has meant a growing importance for understanding employees’ needs and expectations and guaranteeing their happiness. The findings of the study contribute to social exchange theory, Vroom’s expectancy and self-determination theory. This research is also a rare investigation of employees’ perspectives in an entrepreneurial context.

Evolution of network ties in social enterprises: a governance perspective

The objective of this study is to explore, understand and describe the network evolution process of social enterprises from a governance perspective. Studies have extensively investigated the development of networks in the 'commercial' entrepreneurship space. However, similar research on social enterprises, specifically from a governance perspective is still growing. We try to bridge this gap through an exploratory study of two social ventures in India, with different organisational structures. Based on the empirical findings, we present a series of propositions depicting the network characteristics of social enterprises, their governance structures and the dynamics between them.