Venture Formation Research Articles

The Influence of Entrepreneurial Literacy and Entrepreneurial Practice on Entrepreneurial Readiness In The Industrial Era 4.0

Purpose - Industry 4.0 has brought about changes in a variety of fields, including education. Entrepreneurship education at the university level, in particular, must be capable of producing graduates capable of creating their employment opportunities and adapting to their surroundings. The purpose of this study is to describe and assess entrepreneurial practice learning and entrepreneurial literacy, as well as their impact on entrepreneurial readiness in the industry 4.0 era. Methodology - Responses were collected from 400 university students in Tulungagung Regency, East Java, who had taken the Entrepreneurship course. The students' responses were gathered using a questionnaire with Likert scale questions as the instrument. Findings - Data analysis using multiple linear regression revealed that entrepreneurial culture had a significant positive impact on preparation for entrepreneurship. Furthermore, entrepreneurial practice had a substantial positive impact on entrepreneurial readiness. Both entrepreneurial literacy and entrepreneurial practice significantly influenced entrepreneurial readiness. Significance - Entrepreneurial practice, in particular, made the greatest contribution to entrepreneurial readiness. This readiness can lead to the formation of long-term new ventures with the help of institutional infrastructure and business management guidance.

Pengaruh Harga dan Lokasi Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian’ Fried Chicken Merk Sabana

Sabana fried chicken is a street food business that is managed in a modern way in the form of a partnership. As the name suggests, Savana Fried Chicken is a food business like fast food in the form of a franchise model. A franchise is a form of business venture whose aim is to expand the reach of the business by increasing market share. The aim of this research is to see the extent to which price and location influence the decision to purchase the Savana brand of fried chicken at Jalan Komarudin, Pulo Gebang, East Jakarta. The research method used was using primary data, by distributing questionnaires and conducting direct interviews with 80 respondents. The data collection technique uses a purposive sampling technique (saturated sampling), namely collecting data as a whole on the population, because the number of respondents is small and less than 100 respondents. Data analysis uses multiple linear regression tests, correlation and determination tests, while the t hypothesis test is used to determine the influence partially and the F hypothesis test is used to determine the influence simultaneously. Based on the research results, it shows that price has a significant negative influence on consumers' decisions to buy Sabana brand Fried Chicken. Location has a significant positive influence on consumers' decisions to buy Sabana brand Fried Chicken. In general, it is concluded that the two variables, price and location, both partially and simultaneously, have a significant influence on consumer decisions in purchasing Sabana brand Fried Chicken which is located at Jalan Komarudin, Pulo Gebang, East Jakarta.

BUSINESS MODELS IN STARTUP GROWTH FORECASTING

A start-up is the IT industry specific form of commercial enterprise with its own peculiarities not observed in other forms of business ventures. Hands-on purposes require a toolset for start-up growth modelling and forecasting as well as for their evaluation; business models belong to such tools. Advantages of business modelling is not always obvious to start-up founders, up to the moment when it becomes a part of requirements from investors. A form that allows quick modelling greatly simplifies evaluation and triage of start-ups by investors and thus can become one of formatting factors for regional or national start-up ecosystems in Ukraine. Based on the recent publications this research offers an example of a business model and suggests several key aspects for more practical application of business modelling for the sake of start-up growth forecasting, including expression of main milestones in the financial projection.

Targeted Liberalization: China's foreign investment regulation reform and its post‐WTO‐accession export surge

AbstractTo gain membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, China substantially modified its regulation of foreign direct investment. These reforms coincided with rapid changes in the composition of capital inflows, as the dominant entry mode shifted from joint venture to wholly foreign owned affiliate. Foreign‐invested enterprises contributed a rising share of China's rapidly growing exports. We investigate how much China's foreign ownership liberalization contributed to these observed trends in foreign investment flows and Chinese exports. Accounting for both the set of activities from which it removed foreign equity caps and those into which it newly encouraged investment, we estimate the impact of China's reforms on firm entry and exports using a difference‐in‐differences estimator. To eliminate bias resulting from heterogeneous and dynamic treatment effects, we also apply novel dynamic difference‐in‐differences estimators. We find that removal of foreign equity caps induced entry of wholly foreign owned firms, while having no significant effect on entry of new joint ventures. Concurrently, the designation of new activities for investment incentives induced foreign entry, particularly in the form of joint ventures. Reduced‐form calculations imply that FDI policy changes explain almost 9% of the increase in exports from foreign‐invested firms over the decade studied. The effect was larger in sectors identified as “high‐tech industries” by the Chinese government, as they contribute most of the estimated policy‐driven export growth from foreign‐invested firms. Thus, China's FDI regulation reform following WTO entry was targeted liberalization: elimination of equity share limits induced new foreign entry, while investment incentives encouraged formation of joint ventures.

Exploring the linkage between business incubation and entrepreneurship: understanding trends, themes and future research agenda

PurposeThis article aims to conduct a bibliometric study using structural and relational approaches amongst the extracted documents and investigates the connections between business incubation and entrepreneurship-related papers to describe the field comprehensively.Design/methodology/approachA total of 259 articles have been retrieved from Scopus database in order to conduct the bibliometric analysis. Performance analysis and science mapping techniques of bibliometrics have been used along with data visualisation software, i.e. VOSviewer and RStudio. The network collaboration and intellectual structures, i.e. bibliographic coupling, co-occurrence analysis, word cloud and trending topics, have been presented to identify the field’s latest trends, themes and development.FindingsThe findings highlight annual publication trends, including the most frequently cited articles, the most productive authors, countries and highly influential journals that contribute the most to the said field. The intellectual structures have been developed to identify research themes and trends by running co-occurrence analysis and bibliographic coupling. The findings of this study emphasize the value of technology transfer, mentorship programmes, entrepreneurship education and an emphasis on innovation and creativity through entrepreneurial universities and academia. These findings provide policymakers and administrative officials with crucial guidance for fortifying the pillars of entrepreneurship and education for the comprehensive development of the economy. Further, this article attempts to identify the most influential and relevant publications as well as the newest trends in the area of business incubation in combination with entrepreneurship.Research limitations/implicationsThe article contributes not only to broaden the scope of knowledge on the said research discipline but also to comprehend how the field has evolved over a period of time. This study also attracts the interest of scholars/academicians, leading to the significant production of scholarly documents in business incubation and entrepreneurship.Practical implicationsThe field of entrepreneurship and business incubation is one of the important pillars for the growth and development of the economy. This piece contributes to this arena by focusing on the areas that must be taken care of by developing the entrepreneurial ecosystem and fostering the progress of startups. The fundamentals of this research highlight the importance of mentorship programs, entrepreneurship education, technology transfer and a focus on innovation and creativity through entrepreneurial education and efforts by universities/academia, giving an important direction to the policymakers and administration for strengthening the pillar of entrepreneurship and education for the holistic development of the economy.Originality/valueBusiness incubation is an emerging field of academic research connected to startups, venture formation and entrepreneurship ecosystems, making it a potential scholarly discipline. This study presents a thorough bibliometric analysis over the last three decades, offering comprehensive details on the most significant developments in the field of business incubation. Moreover, the various analytical methods applied to this study make it more attractive.

Opportunity perception as a missing link: Adjustment of the Theory of Planned Behavior to entrepreneurial process

Goal: to define the role of business opportunity perception within the Theory of Planned Behaviour applied to entrepreneurial process. Metodology: the data from the Russian part of the “Global Entrepreneurship Monitor” project were collected in 2021, when the turbulence caused by the COVID-19 pandemic was still active. Methodologically, the study relies on logistic regression, ordinary least squares modelling and mediation testing techniques. Findings: the Theory of Planned Behaviour is specified in relation to entrepreneurship. As such, the study determines the relationships between self-efficacy (proxy for perceived behavioural control), evaluation of social attitude to entrepreneurship as a career choice (proxy for subjective norms), fear of failure (proxy for personal attitude to entrepreneurship), formation of entrepreneurial intentions and their translation into actions, taking into account perception of business opportunities. Originality and contribution of the authors: the study specifies mechanisms that shape the early stages of the entrepreneurial process. It also contributes to the literature on entrepreneurial opportunities by scrutinizing their role in new venture formation.

The interaction of actor-independent and actor-dependent factors in new venture formation: The case of blockchain-enabled entrepreneurial firms

AbstractThe study seeks to explore how blockchain technology enables the creation of new ideas for ventures and to examine the activities of founders and entrepreneurial teams in shaping those ideas. We adopted several theoretical frameworks – external enablers theory, dynamic capabilities (DCs), and dynamic managerial capabilities (DMCs) – to explain the interaction of the actor-independent and actor-dependent factors in the process of new firm formation. We analysed four Hungarian blockchain start-ups that operate across financial services, cryptocurrency trading, crypto asset management, energy, information technology, and identity industries and create high value-added and cross-industrial offerings for Hungarian and foreign markets. Using qualitative study research results, the study develops the model of external enablers, founders' and firm capabilities and new venture creation. We identify three interconnected external enablers – namely, market volatility associated with the growing popularity of cryptocurrencies and the underlying blockchain technology, the properties of blockchain, and the ideology behind the technology – and discuss the role of entrepreneurs' DMCs and sensing and seizing activities in discovering and shaping these enablers into profitable business ideas.

Examining the influence of specific IC elements on alliance formation of new ventures

PurposeIntellectual capital (IC) is essential to the success of new technology-based firms. However, young firms only possess some of the resources and capabilities needed to develop, produce and market their innovative products and services. Hence, many form alliances to access complementary resources. This paper investigates the signaling effect of technology-based start-ups’ stock of IC on alliance formation.Design/methodology/approachThis study analyzes primary data concerning specific classes of IC and the alliances formed. Data were collected from founders of 233 technology-based new ventures in the USA. Hypotheses were tested via hierarchical linear regression.FindingsThis study demonstrates that firms' IC, in the form of founders with doctorates and patents, is positively related to the classes of alliances formed. These stocks of IC send signals about credibility to the market for alliance partners, enabling the firms to form alliances and gain access to complementary resources. The number of founders with doctorates was positively related to R&D alliances and alliance partners in a similar place in the value chain as the focal firm. In contrast, the number of patents was positively related to total alliances, production-oriented alliances and alliances considered upstream from the focal firm.Originality/valueThis paper collects retrospective data from founders of technology-based new ventures. The research contributes to the literature with its results that founder human capital and patent portfolios are essential for technology-based firms' innovation and growth. However, little research has investigated how firms' possession of IC facilitates alliance formation. This paper investigates this connection explicitly.

Making sense of identity transitioning within the new venture creation process

PurposeThis study aims to explore how aspiring entrepreneurs navigate between their own individual self-concept and the organisational identity of the new venture during the process of new venture creation.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws on three cases of aspiring entrepreneurs within a UK-based university incubator in the process of “becoming” entrepreneurs. Semi-structured interviews and secondary data were collected and analysed using a flexible pattern matching approach.FindingsThe data illustrated parallel identity and sensemaking processes occurring as the aspiring entrepreneurs navigated towards new venture formation. For the organisational identity process, three key stages were found to occur: referent identity labelling, projection and identity reification. Concurrently the sensemaking process made up of creation, interpretation and enactment were seen to enable identity transitioning mechanisms: cue identification, liminal sensegiving and recognition of formal venture boundaries, which led to the organisational identity being formed.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is exploratory in nature thus future research is required to clarify the relationship between identity work practices and the process of creating a new venture (Oliver and Vough, 2020). The paper is limited to successful instances of new venture formation, and though this helped to extricate the identity transitioning stages and mechanisms that have thus far remained implicit within the process of new venture creation, it could be extended to examine entrepreneurs who fail to set up new ventures. This limitation opens avenues for further research on identity formation in failed ventures (Snihur and Clarysse, 2022) and on how entrepreneurs negotiate contested identities (Varlander et al., 2020). Furthermore, entrepreneurs take different pathways to new venture formation (Shepherd et al., 2021) and while this study follows the journey of aspiring entrepreneurs who differed in terms of sector, education and prior entrepreneurial experience (Shane, 2003), future researchers could undertake a more in-depth ethnographic study including the effects of incubator setting and how these can be best supported, as this was outside the original remit of this study. Given the importance of the university incubator (Bergman and McMullen, 2022), its role in the construction of new venture identity is an interesting area for future research.Practical implicationsThis study provides a practical contribution into entrepreneurship curricula and incubator training, emphasising the importance of understanding the relevance of the entrepreneur's self-concept in making sense of future venture identities. Through the findings of this study, the importance of cue identification and how aspiring entrepreneurs rely on these to carve out the identity of their budding venture is demonstrated. Incubator spaces may have a role to play in supporting aspiring entrepreneurs to reflect on and interpret feedback (liminal sensegiving) during the venture creation process. Furthermore, both educators and incubator managers need to be aware of the state of in-between-ness aspiring entrepreneurs will face as they carve out the identity of the budding venture. This study enables educators to advise aspiring entrepreneurs that there will come a point on the entrepreneurial journey when they need to emphasise boundary setting between self and organisation to enable organisational identity to be fostered and venture formation realised. This study advises incubator managers to consider whether support around business registrations and creation of business accounts should be provided earlier in the incubation programme to emphasise boundary setting between self and organisation. There is a fruitful avenue for future research to extend the work in this paper to fully understand how this might be taught and practiced in the classrooms.Originality/valueBy extricating the stages of organisational identity formation, often hidden within the new venture creation process, this study has framed new venture creation as a liminal experience and a visible site of identity work. This study presents a process model of the key identity transitioning stages and mechanisms in new ventures, by illustrating how aspiring entrepreneurs' sensemaking influences identity transitions during the process of venture creation.

Exploring the born global firms from the Asia Pacific

AbstractThis study aims to synthesize the extant research on the Born Global Firms (BGF) phenomenon, mainly focusing on the Asia Pacific region (APAC). We adopt the systematic literature review methodology to identify the main context-specific drivers (‘success factors’) and outcomes of BGFs’ accelerated internationalization and the challenges they face before, during, and after global expansion. The analysis and evaluation of relevant studies reveal several critical variables that need to be extensively investigated (separately and in tandem) by scholars in order to advance existing theories and, at the same time, explain the out-of-pattern behaviors of BGFs outside the typical ‘Western economy’ context. Among the core variables are international entrepreneurial orientation and culture adoption, organizational learning and networking strategies, global strategic human capital and network resources (as predictors of BGFs’ international performance) and resource constraints, institutional and cultural distances, and liabilities of newness, smallness, foreignness, outsidership, and emergingness (as constraints to BGFs’ success). By identifying the research gaps and proposing a comprehensive framework with promising avenues for future research into the phenomenon of BGFs from the APAC region, this study helps enhance our understanding of the global strategy formation and execution processes of international new ventures from ‘the East’ and stimulate interdisciplinary dialogue between international business, strategy, and entrepreneurship scholars.

PERAN MODAL SOSIAL TERHADAP TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN PELAKU INDUSTRI RUMAHAN (PENJAHIT BUSANA) DI KOTA MAKASAR

Micro-scale enterprises are one form of business venture to realize the level of community welfare in a non-formal environment. Home industry actors (fashion tailors) have their own ways of developing their businesses, for this reason this study aims to: 1. determine the transfer of knowledge obtained by home industry actors (fashion tailors) and 2. identify the role of social capital in the welfare level of home industry actors (fashion tailors) in Makassar City. The method in the research conducted was descriptive qualitative, namely with interview techniques, documentation, and questionnaires. The results of the research analysis show that 1. the transfer of knowledge obtained by home industry players (fashion tailors) in Makassar City in Parang tambung Village, Tamalate District is obtained from experience, knowledge and skills learned, attending training conducted by the Department of Labor and Cooperatives, courses and opportunities conducted by several free institutions, joining several tailoring communities and some of them continue the inheritance of parents' businesses that have been carried out, some open their own businesses with capital skills or loans based on education that is relevant to the field being run. And this industrial business is running well with promising profits. 2. the role of social capital on the welfare level of home industry actors (tailors).

Business failures in institutionally weak environments: An examination of Virgin Atlantic’s failed adventure in sub-saharan africa

In view of the paucity of scholarly work on how conditions in weak institutional environments at organizational founding can persist leading to eventual international joint ventures (IJVs), this paper utilizes the case of Virgin Nigeria Airways to illuminate our understanding of the subject. Based on semi-structured interviews, we developed a four-phase model that demonstrates the persistent interactions of internal and external factors. The four phases are as follows: pre-formation resource mobilization, formation and embryonic challenges, decoupling and rebranding, and phasing out. Phase 1 highlights political and non-political activities geared towards venture formation and resource mobilization. Phase 2 focuses on the decoupling of functional activities and the loss of legitimacy in response to changing political and economic conditions in the country. Phase 3 sheds light on triggers for corporate rebranding activities resulting from loss of identity and legitimacy. In Phase 4, we highlight the dispute with the government that typified and culminated in the airline's demise. We identify and examine the implications of these findings.

Founder personality and entrepreneurial outcomes: A large-scale field study of technology startups

Technology startups play an essential role in the economy-with seven of the ten largest companies rooted in technology, and venture capital investments totaling approximately $300B annually. Yet, important startup outcomes (e.g., whether a startup raises venture capital or gets acquired) remain difficult to forecast-particularly during the early stages of venture formation. Here, we examine the impact of an essential, yet underexplored, factor that can be observed from the moment of startup creation: founder personality. We predict psychological traits from digital footprints to explore how founder personality is associated with critical startup milestones. Observing 10,541 founder-startup dyads, we provide large-scale, ecologically valid evidence that founder personality is associated with outcomes across all phases of a venture's life (i.e., from raising the earliest funding round to exiting via acquisition or initial public offering). We find that openness and agreeableness are positively related to the likelihood of raising an initial round of funding (but unrelated to all subsequent conditional outcomes). Neuroticism is negatively related to all outcomes, highlighting the importance of founders' resilience. Finally, conscientiousness is positively related to early-stage investment, but negatively related to exit conditional on funding. While prior work has painted conscientiousness as a major benefactor of performance, our findings highlight a potential boundary condition: The fast-moving world of technology startups affords founders with lower or moderate levels of conscientiousness a competitive advantage when it comes to monetizing their business via acquisition or IPO.

Factors Influencing Women’s Involvement in Entrepreneurship: A Qualitative Study

Entrepreneurship plays a significant role in socio-economic growth of a country and is a major concern to both scholars and policy makers. Within entrepreneurial ecosystem, women entrepreneurs are also regarded as new growth engine of socio-economic development. Women historically have little access to traditional forms of business ventures. But these days, women’s entrepreneurship has been spoken everywhere in each part of the world. In relation to the phenomenon, it is necessary to identify the factors that motivate women into entrepreneurship. This study aims to explore the factors that influence women's participation in entrepreneurship activities. Using a qualitative method, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 female entrepreneurs in Vietnam. The discussions addressed various factors affecting the involvement of these women in their business activities. Research results show that there are five factors affecting the active participation of informants in startup activities; (1) Family’s support, (2) Environmental Effect, (3) Increase the Income Level of the Family, (4) Family Heritage Business and Exposure, and (5) Self-Independence. The findings of this study can be used as an inspiration to increase the number of female entrepreneurs in Vietnam. In addition, it can also be used as a reference to motivate women to become entrepreneurs.

Entrepreneurial Education on Adult Learners’ Motives for Creativity in Higher Learning Institutions: A Case Study of the Institute of Adult Education

This study intended to evaluate the motives for creativity, among the adult learners’ in relation to entrepreneurial education in higher learning institutions using the Institute of Adult Education (IAE) in Tanzania as a case study. This quantitative study had applied a questionnaire survey with both closed and open-ended questions to collect primary data from a randomly selected sample of 170 respondents drawn from a study population of 291 IAE learners. With the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20, the study analysed the resultant quantitative data using t-test, descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient test. The study found statistically significant differences between gender motives for creativity among adult learners resulting from the entrepreneurial education taught. Two- thirds of intrinsic components studied favoured female learners. Moreover, the study found statistically significance correlation between motives for creativity and adult learners’ perceptions in family background on entrepreneurial venture formation (M= 1.66, s = 1.728) and (M = 1.62, s = 1.505) for male and female respectively, t (168) = -0.877, p= 0.0421, α = 0.05 (p < 0.05). The study indicates a strong positive correlation between the interest of an adult learner in the entrepreneurship education taught and family background (Father and Mother) in venture formation, which was statistically significant at p < .001 (r = .685, n = 170, p = .000) and p< .001 (r = .699, n = 170, p = .000), respectively. On the other hand, the study found weak and insignificant correlations between motives for creativity (satisfying and enjoying) and family background in venture formation; instead, perception of an adult learners accounted for such a drive. The results finally indicated that the energetic group was of those aged 31-39, who were highly motivated by the entrepreneurial education taught as alternative to employment. Thus, the study recommended that entrepreneurship education must nurture and inculcate in adult learners a sense of creativity through practical and exposure to the famous and successful entrepreneurs during the course module to develop and strengthened interest, satisfaction and enjoyment.

The Role of Legal Consultants Conducting Legal Due Diligence on Corporate Actions to Establish Joint Venture Legal Entities in the Matter of Foreign Investment (PMA)

Formation of a Joint Venture which can be said as a joint venture has its own uniqueness. This uniqueness can be found because there is involvement of foreign parties who invest in Indonesia either as individuals or foreign legal entities. This joint venture company was established in the form of a Limited Liability Company, which is subject to Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies. Before forming a Joint Venture Company, the parties first make a joint venture agreement which forms the basis for establishing a joint venture company. In formulating a joint venture agreement, the parties are bound by the principles contained in contract law, both national and international, such as pacta sunt servanda, consensus, and freedom of contract, because the parties come from different countries. There are many parameters and benchmarks which must be a reference for legal consultants, especially in carrying out Legal Aspect Due Diligence and making Legal Opinions for these clients in order to minimize and find out what risks can legally impact the activities to be carried out by these clients.

Creating Social Ventures: How Social Motivations and Goals Drive Venture Idea Judgments

Research on the formation of prosocial ventures has attracted substantial interest in the field of social entrepreneurship for more than a decade. Yet, the understanding of how prosocial founders use judgments for the assessment of opportunity-related information to create prosocial ventures remains relatively unexamined. We conducted an abductive, qualitative study with 34 first-time founders using verbal protocols and content analysis techniques to explore how founders with ‘other-oriented’ social identities judge venture ideas in contrast to founders with ‘me-oriented’ social identities. As a result, we theorise a model which reveals how the motivation and subjective goals of prosocial founders influence their venture idea judgments and meaning-making processes. We contribute to the social entrepreneurship literature by displaying how founders with social goal-motivations gain opportunity confidence through their choice of judgement criteria during opportunity evaluation.

International joint ventures, shareholder returns, venture complexity, and political risk

AbstractThis study investigates the formation of international joint ventures into emerging markets and the corresponding implications to shareholder wealth. Empirical evidence from this study reveals that formation of international joint ventures into emerging markets are value enhancing for shareholders. The formation of international joint ventures increases firm value by more than 1%, on average. This study also investigates two important factors for their influence on the market's assessment of the joint venture formation—the complexity of the joint venture and the political risk of the host country. Evidence in this study reveals that less complex ventures into emerging markets reap significantly greater shareholder wealth effects relative to more complex ventures. Evidence also reveals that shareholders receive a risk premium for accepting greater political risk. In addition to understanding the ramifications of international joint venture formation, this study has relevance for managers' site selection decisions when considering venture complexity and the political risk of emerging markets.

Managerial Incentives and the Valuation of International Joint Venture Formation

Strategic management decisions and actions involving international joint venture formations are significant to many firms and have major economic consequences. Previous empirical evidence on the effects of joint venture formation announcements on shareholder wealth reveals that firm value is more often positively impacted. However, many previous analyses of shareholder wealth from joint venture formations do not fully explore cross-sectional differences in managerial incentives to pursue these international investments. The primary purpose of this study is to exploit these cross-sectional differences using agency theory to explain managerial behavior and subsequent shareholder effects. This study capitalizes on agency theory’s notion that managers are not necessarily motivated solely by the maximization of firm value, but instead are interested in maximizing their own utility. The study’s findings are consistent with agency theoretic hypotheses based on a broad cross-section of international joint ventures. Results demonstrate that shareholder returns to international joint venture formation exhibit considerable variability and, importantly, are at least partially explained by cross-sectional differences in agency incentives. Specifically, returns to shareholders are positively related to the level of managerial ownership and inversely related to the level of free cash flow. Moreover, a positive relation is found between shareholder returns and the joint interaction between leverage and free cash flow. These findings indicate that the effect of international joint venture formation on shareholder value is not uniform and, more importantly is at least partly influenced by managers’ agency incentives.

Yukker: Focus on an Innovative Social Start-Up

Background: Innovation is a central topic in social entrepreneurial inquiries and is recognised as playing an important role in successful social experiences. However, the relationship between networks and social venture formation is still an open question.
 Research objectives: The study aims to analyse the business model of innovative digital start-ups with social goals and to identify and understand the elements influencing their birth, growth, and business performance.
 Research design and methods: The paper uses a single case study research design focused on the innovative social start-up “Muoviti in libertà” and its app – Yukker.
 Results: Analysing the Yukker business model has allowed to identify and understand crucial elements influencing innovative social start-ups' birth, growth, and business performance.
 Conclusions: It is essential to design a network to increase relationships for entrepreneurship and for performing better in strategic and leading change.