Line Velocity Research Articles

CEERS: Diversity of Lyα Emitters during the Epoch of Reionization

We analyze rest-frame ultraviolet to optical spectra of three z ≃ 7.47–7.75 galaxies whose Lyα emission lines were previously detected with Keck/MOSFIRE observations, using the JWST/NIRSpec observations from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science survey. From NIRSpec data, we confirm the systemic redshifts of these Lyα emitters, and emission-line ratio diagnostics indicate these galaxies were highly ionized and metal-poor. We investigate Lyα line properties, including the line flux, velocity offset, and spatial extent. For the one galaxy where we have both NIRSpec and MOSFIRE measurements, we find a significant offset in their flux measurements (∼1.3–5× greater in MOSFIRE) and a marginal difference in the velocity shifts. The simplest interpretation is that the Lyα emission is extended and not entirely encompassed by the NIRSpec slit. The cross-dispersion profiles in NIRSpec reveal that Lyα in one galaxy is significantly more extended than the nonresonant emission lines. We also compute the expected sizes of ionized bubbles that can be generated by the Lyα sources and discuss viable scenarios for the creation of sizable ionized bubbles (>1 physical Mpc). The source with the highest-ionization condition is possibly capable of ionizing its own bubble, while the other two do not appear to be capable of ionizing such a large region, but require additional sources of ionizing photons. Therefore, the fact that we detect Lyα from these galaxies suggests diverse scenarios for the escape of Lyα during the epoch of reionization. High-spectral-resolution spectra with JWST/NIRSpec will be extremely useful for constraining the physics of patchy reionization.

Impact of the Antioxidant Hydroxytyrosol on the Quality of Post-Thawed Stallion Semen.

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of including hydroxytyrosol (HT) antioxidant on the viability of sperm after the processes of cooling and freezing. HT antioxidants were used in the HF-20 extender at concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 μg/ml. The HF-20 extender was a basic extender and was used for the control group. The post-thawed semen exhibited significantly higher total motility in the 2.5 HT and 10 HT treatment groups than the control group. The straight line velocity (VSL) of the 2.5 HT group exhibited a significantly high value compared with the control group. However, the average path velocity (VAP), linearity (LIN), straightness index (STR), and wobble (WOB) revealed identical findings across all groups. The findings of the analysis of HOST, normal morphology, major abnormalities, and minor abnormalities revealed that there were no significant differences between the HT groups and the control groups. Nevertheless, the use of HT antioxidant for freezing semen led to a notable enhancement (p < 0.05) in both acrosome integrity and vitality tests when compared to the control group. In this case, the lower quantities of HT (1.25 and 2.5 μg/ml; p < 0.05) preserve the DNA fragmentation compared with the 5 HT, 10 HT, and control groups. In conclusion, the HT antioxidant has shown the capacity to enhance the quality of frozen-thawed spermatozoa and positively influence the viability and integrity of DNA inside the frozen-thawed spermatozoa. Additional research should be conducted to assess the fertility potential of cryopreserved stallion semen.

Multi-layer shearing induced high orientation of graphene oxide sheets towards high-performance macrostructures

The orientation of graphene nanosheets in microstructures is directly related to the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of graphene-based macrostructures. However, efficient and scalable modulation of the orientation of 2D graphene nanosheets remains challenging. Herein, a simple and effective approach was proposed by introducing a multi-layer shearing field in thick graphene oxide (GO) gel coatings to improve the total orientation of GO films. Hydrodynamic simulations were performed via the lattice-Boltzmann method to reveal the microscale mechanism of the flow profile in improving the orientation of GO nanosheets. The result was experimentally verified by fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the cross-section scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of freeze-dried GO films and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) patterns of 16 various samples under different shearing line distances, velocities, and GO concentrations. The obtained GO films exhibit high orientation (Herman's orientation factor ƒ = 0.922), high strength (419.2 MPa), and high modulus (26.2 GPa), respectively, which are 1.06, 5.57, and 3.49 times higher compared to GO films prepared through the frequently used doctor blade method. The good orientation of GO is remained and further improved to the ultra-high orientation (ƒ = 0.968) after being graphitized at 3150 °C and roll pressing, and the oriented thick graphene films achieved the highest thermal conductivity (1629 W m−1 K−1 for 86 μm and 1593 W m−1 K−1 for 110 μm) compared to other graphene films mentioned in the literature as having a similar thickness. The multi-layered shearing strategy represents a facile technology for assembling two-dimensional (2D) nanoscale building blocks into a macroscopic structure with good orientation and high performance.

Hα reverberation mapping from broad-band photometry of dwarf seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4395

Abstract NGC 4395 is a dwarf Seyfert 1 galaxy with a possible intermediate-mass black hole of several $\rm {10^4}$ solar masses in its center. As a well-studied object, its broad line region size has been measured via H$\rm {\alpha }$ time lag in numerous spectroscopic reverberation mapping (SRM) and narrow-band photometric reverberation mapping (PRM) campaigns. Here we present its H$\rm {\alpha }$ time lag measurement using broad-band photometric data, with the application of our newly-developed ICCF-Cut method as well as the JAVELIN and χ2 methods. utilizing the minute-cadence multi-band light curves obtained from the $\rm {2}$m FTN and $\rm {10.4}$m GTC telescopes in recent works, we measured its H$\rm {\alpha }$ lag as approximately 40 ∼ 90 minutes from broad-band PRM. With the H$\rm {\alpha }$ emission line velocity dispersion, we calculated its central black hole mass as $\rm M_{\rm BH} = (8\pm 4) \times 10^3\, M_{\rm \odot }$. These results are comparable with previous results obtained by narrow-band PRM and SRM, providing further support to an intermediate-mass black hole in NGC 4395. In addition, our study also validates the ICCF-Cut as an effective method for broad-band PRM, which holds the potential for widespread application in the era of large multi-epoch, high-cadence photometric surveys.

Protective Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Rooster Semen Cryopreservation.

Cryopreservation of avian semen is a useful reproductive technique in the poultry industry. However, during cooling, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels have destructive effects on both quality and function of thawed sperm. The aim of the current study is to investigate the antioxidant effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) during rooster semen cryopreservation. Semen samples were collected from ten Ross 308 broiler breeder roosters (32 weeks) and mixed. The mixed samples were divided into five equal parts and cryopreserved in Lake Buffer extender that contained different concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM) of NAC. The optimum concentration of NAC was determined based on quality parameters of mobility, viability, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial membrane potential after the freeze-thaw process. There was a higher percentage (p < 0.05) of total motility (TM) (60.9 ± 2.4%) and progressive motility (PM) (35.6 ± 1.9%) observed with the NAC-0.1 group compared to the other groups. Significantly higher percentages of viability (74.4 ± 2.3% and 71 ± 2.3%), membrane integrity (76.4 ± 1.5% and 74.7 ± 1.5%) and mitochondrial membrane potential (67.1 ± 1.6% and 66.3 ± 1.6%) were observed in the NAC-0.1 and NAC-1 groups compared to the other frozen groups (p < 0.05). The lowest percentage of lipid peroxidation and nonviable sperm was found in the NAC-0.1 and NAC-1 groups compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). The average path velocity (VAP), straight line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), and acrosome integrity, were not affected by different concentrations of NAC in the thawed sperm (p > 0.05). Both NAC-0.1 and NAC-1 appear to be beneficial for maintaining the quality of rooster sperm after thawing.

Hybrid AI-Analytical Modeling of Droplet Dynamics on Inclined Heterogeneous Surfaces

This work presents a novel approach for the study of the movement of droplets on inclined surfaces under the influence of gravity and chemical heterogeneities. The developed numerical methodology uses data-driven modeling to extend the applicability limits of an analytically derived reduced-order model for the contact line velocity. More specifically, while the reduced-order model is able to capture the effects of the chemical heterogeneities to a satisfactory degree, it does not account for gravity. To alleviate this shortcoming, datasets generated from direct numerical simulations are used to train a data-driven model for the contact line velocity, which is based on the Fourier neural operator and corrects the reduced-order model predictions to match the reference solutions. This hybrid surrogate model, which comprises of both analytical and data-driven components, is then integrated in time to simulate the droplet movement, offering a speedup of five orders of magnitude compared to direct numerical simulations. The performance of this hybrid model is quantified and assessed in different wetting scenarios, by considering various inclination angles and values for the Bond number, demonstrating the accuracy of the predictions as long as the adopted parameters lie within the ranges considered in the training dataset.

The Lockman–SpReSO project

Context. The Lockman–SpReSO project is an optical spectroscopic survey of 956 far-infrared (FIR) objects within the Lockman Hole field limited by magnitude RC(AB) &lt; 24.5. Fe II and Mg II absorption lines have been detected in 21 out of 456 objects with a determined spectroscopic redshift in the catalogue. The redshifts of these objects are in the range 0.5 ≲ z ≲ 1.44. Aims. The aim of this study is to investigate material ejection from star-forming regions and material infall into galaxies by analysing the Fe II and Mg II absorption lines. Additionally, we explore whether the correlations found in previous studies between these galactic wind velocities, line equivalent widths (EWs), and galaxy properties such as stellar mass (M*), star formation rate (SFR), and specific star formation rate (sSFR) are valid for a sample with FIR-selected objects. The objects analysed span an M* range of 9.89 &lt; log(M*/M⊙) &lt; 11.50 and an SFR range of 1.01 &lt; log(SFR) &lt; 2.70. Methods. We performed measurements of the Mg IIλλ2796, 2803, Mg Iλ2852, Fe IIλλ2374, 82, Fe IIλλ2586, 2600, and Fe IIλ2344 spectral lines present in the spectra of the selected sample to determine the EW and velocity of the flows observed in the star-forming galaxies. Subsequently, we conducted 107 bootstrap simulations using the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (ρs) to explore correlations with galaxy properties. Furthermore, we calculated the covering factor, gas density, and optical depth for the measured Fe II doublets. Results. Our analysis reveals strong correlations between the EW of Mg II lines and both M* (ρs = 0.43, 4.5σ) and SFR (ρs = 0.42, 4.4σ). For the Fe II lines, we observed strong correlations between the EW and SFR (ρs ∼ 0.65, &gt; 3.9σ), with a weaker correlation for M* (ρs ∼ 0.35, &gt; 1.9σ). No notable correlations were found between velocity measurements of the Mg II line and M*, SFR, or sSFR of the objects (ρs ∼ 0.1). However, a strong negative correlation was found between the velocity of the Fe II lines and the SFR of the galaxies (ρs ∼ −0.45, ∼3σ). Our results align with those of previous studies, although only FIR-selected objects are investigated here. Finally, we detect a candidate ‘loitering outflow’, a recently discovered subtype of the iron low-ionisation broad absorption line (FeLoBAL) quasars, at a redshift of z = 1.4399, exhibiting emission in C III] and low line velocities (|v|≲200 km s−1).

Application of Surface Wettability to Control Spreading of an Impacting Droplet.

While the simplest outcome of a normal impact on a flat stationary solid surface is radially symmetric spreading, it is important to note that asymmetric spreading can intrinsically occur with a tangential velocity along the surface. However, no previous attempt has been made to restore the symmetry of a lamella that intrinsically spreads asymmetrically. Adjusting the lamella's asymmetric shape to a symmetric one is achieved in this work by varying wettability to affect the receding velocity of the contact line, according to the Taylor-Culick theory. Here we theoretically and practically show how restoring the symmetry can be achieved. Theoretically we built a framework to map the needed receding velocity at every given point of the contact line to allow for symmetry to be restored, and then this framework was applied to generate a wetting map that shows how at each local the wettability of the surface needs to be defined. Simulated results confirmed the effectiveness of our framework and identified the envelope of its applicability. Next, to apply the idea experimentally, the wetting map was transformed to a single wettability contrast area dubbed the "patch". Experimental results showed the effectiveness of the patch design in correcting the asymmetric spreading lamella for water droplets impacting a surface for the following Weber number conditions: Wen ≤ 300, Wet ≤ 300, and 0.51 ≤ Wen/Wet ≤ 2.04.

SN 2022oqm–A Ca-rich Explosion of a Compact Progenitor Embedded in C/O Circumstellar Material

We present the discovery and analysis of SN 2022oqm, a Type Ic supernova (SN) detected <1 day after the explosion. The SN rises to a blue and short-lived (2 days) initial peak. Early-time spectral observations of SN 2022oqm show a hot (40,000 K) continuum with high ionization C and O absorption features at velocities of 4000 km s−1, while its photospheric radius expands at 20,000 km s−1, indicating a pre-existing distribution of expanding C/O material. After ∼2.5 days, both the spectrum and light curves evolve into those of a typical SN Ic, with line velocities of ∼10,000 km s−1, in agreement with the evolution of the photospheric radius. The optical light curves reach a second peak at t ≈ 15 days. By t = 60 days, the spectrum of SN 2022oqm becomes nearly nebular, displaying strong Ca ii and [Ca ii] emission with no detectable [O i], marking this event as Ca-rich. The early behavior can be explained by 10−3 M ⊙ of optically thin circumstellar material (CSM) surrounding either (1) a massive compact progenitor such as a Wolf–Rayet star, (2) a massive stripped progenitor with an extended envelope, or (3) a binary system with a white dwarf. We propose that the early-time light curve is powered by both the interaction of the ejecta with the optically thin CSM and shock cooling (in the massive star scenario). The observations can be explained by CSM that is optically thick to X-ray photons, is optically thick in the lines as seen in the spectra, and is optically thin to visible-light continuum photons that come either from downscattered X-rays or from the shock-heated ejecta. Calculations show that this scenario is self-consistent.

Effect of Extender Supplementation With Caffeine on Arabian Stallion’s Semen Quality After Freezing

In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of adding different levels of caffeine to the diluent on the Arabian stallion&amp;rsquo;s sperm quality post cryopreservation. Semen cryopreservation is an essential part of artificial insemination in Arabian horses. In most of cases, the stallion selection is based on desirable phenotypic and physical traits rather than on fertility. This approach may have resulted in the propagation of low-fertility genotypes that are unable to withstand the various stresses associated with cryopreservation such as freezing-thawing stress, oxidative stress, and osmotic stress. Caffeine has been shown to act as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor which may increase the level of cAMP in sperm and subsequently, increase the formation of adenosine triphosphate, which is important for sperm motility. Because it contains xanthine and theobromine, caffeine has antioxidant properties that increase sperm motility and their fertilizability. Five healthy stallions aged 4 to 10 years have been used for semen collection. Semen collections has been done twice weekly by artificial vagina. The ejaculates were evaluated for general progressive motility and sperm concentration. Sperm concentration and motility were determined using the CASA system (ISAS program, Prosser R+D, Paterna, Valencia, Spain). Samples with a minimum concentration of 200 &amp;times; 106 sperm/ml and motility &amp;gt; 60% used for this study. The filtered semen of each ejaculate was diluted (1:1) and divided into 4 aliquots. The aliquots were centrifuged at 800 g for 10 minutes, the seminal plasma was removed, and each sample was re-suspended with FH-20 (0) without any supplementation as a control or with caffeine at a concentration of 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 3 mM or 5 mM. The final semen concentration after dilution was 200 &amp;times; 106 sperm/ml. All samples were assessed before freezing in liquid nitrogen. The frozen thawed semen was assessed for general and progressive motility and then evaluated using the ISAS program and assessed for plasma membrane integrity, morphology defects, acrosome integrity, and viability. Descriptive analyses were determined for the evaluated variables. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p &amp;lt; 0.05). The addition of 1 mM caffeine to the extender gave better results in total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM) and vitality. However, all studied caffeine concentrations had good effects on straight line velocity (VSL), straightness (STR), linearity (LIN), wobble (WOB) and HOST with no effects on acrosome integrity. It could be concluded that caffeine has a beneficial effect on Arabian stallion semen cryopreservation when added at a concentration of 1 mM to the extender.

A spectral data release for 104 type II supernovae from the Tsinghua Supernova group

ABSTRACT We present 206 unpublished optical spectra of 104 type II supernovae (SNe II) obtained by the Xinglong 2.16-m telescope and Lijiang 2.4-m telescope during the period from 2011 to 2018, spanning the phases from about 1 to 200 d after the SN explosion. The spectral line identifications, evolution of line velocities and pseudo-equivalent widths, as well as correlations between some important spectral parameters are presented. Our sample displays a large range in expansion velocities. For instance, the Fe ii 5169 velocities measured from spectra at t ∼ 50 d after the explosion vary from 2000 to 5500 km s−1, with an average value of 3872 ± 949 km s−1. Power-law functions can be used to fit the velocity evolution, with the power-law exponent quantifying the velocity decline rate. We found an anticorrelation existing between H β velocity at mid-plateau phase and its velocity decay exponent, SNe II with higher velocities tending to have smaller velocity decay rate. Moreover, we noticed that the velocity decay rate inferred from the Balmer lines (i.e. H α and H β) have moderate correlations with the ratio of absorption to emission for H α (a/e). In our sample, two objects show possibly flash-ionized features at early phases. Besides, we noticed that multiple high-velocity components may exist on the blue side of hydrogen lines of SN 2013ab, possibly suggesting that these features arise from complex line-forming region.

Automatic tracking and intelligent observation of tidal bore propagation velocity based on UAV and computer vision

The rapidly developed Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and artificial intelligence technology has prompted the real-time and accurate observation measurements of tidal bore, the basis of which is tidal bore propagation velocity. In this article, we construct a tidal observation system framework based on UAV and computer vision in order to obtain the tidal bore propagating velocity datasets. Firstly, we focus on the identification of tidal headlines based on the Sobel edge detection, the improved Otsu image segmentation algorithm and the edge connection algorithm with an accuracy of 91%. And then, the detected tidal headlines could be used to control the flight parameters of UAV in order to stably track tidal bore on the specified route with the deviation range below 0.5, and finally to acquire the tidal bore propagation velocity datasets. Comparing with the propagation velocity of the tidal line measured on site, the error of the results is maintained within 0.1 m/s, which demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed observation method.

Energy dissipation of a contact line moving on a nanotopographical defect.

Understanding the origin of the dissipative mechanisms that control the dynamics of a contact line is a real challenge. In order to study the energy dissipation at the contact line when a moving meniscus encounters topographical defects, we developed atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments using nanofibers with nanometer scale defects. These experiments realized with three liquids are performed in two AFM modes: the contact mode (C-AFM) is used to measure the energy associated with the contact angle hysteresis in the limit of a static situation, deduced from advancing and receding dipping experiments on an isolated defect; the frequency-modulation mode (FM-AFM) is performed at different amplitudes and then velocities to measure the energy dissipated as the contact line moves over the same defect. Strong dissipation peaks appear above a threshold amplitude characteristic of the liquid and the defect, which is determined by the width of the hysteresis measured in statics. Furthermore, the dissipation energy of the moving contact line measured in dynamics is equal to the hysteresis capillary energy whatever the amplitude and is therefore independent of the contact line velocity. These results point out that the defect contribution to dissipation energy of a moving contact line on real surfaces is only governed by the pinning-depinning energy with no contribution of viscous effects.

Bioclimatic thermal stress indices and their relationships with andrological characteristics in hair rams.

This study evaluated relationships among reproductive parameters and the bioclimatic indices: temperature and humidity index (THI), equivalent temperature index (ETI), black globe temperature and humidity index (BGTHI), and thermal comfort index (TCI), during the first 45 days of spermatogenesis (SP-45) and during the 15 days of sperm transit through the epididymis (STP-15) that preceded the reproductive assessments (ReA). Such information is useful in determining the optimal breeding season in Northeast Brazil. Santa Inês rams (n = 25) underwent two ReA in three periods of the year (D-P = dry; R-P = rainy and RD-P = rainy/dry transition), and the bioclimatic indices were calculated at the corresponding SP-45 and STP-15 timepoints prior to each ReA. Sperm kinetic parameters in D-P were depressed compared to R-P and RD-P (P < 0.05). The index values had an antagonistic relationship with most parameters and regression analysis demonstrated that the BGTHI and the TCI had a negative association with the progressive motility, curvilinear, straight line, and average path velocities, and a positive association with slow sperm in the ejaculate in SP-45 and STP-15 phases (P < 0.01). Semen quality kinetics is affected throughout the year by the environment and it is apparent that it is impaired in D-P and better in R-P and RD-P seasons. The BGTHI and TCI measured in the sperm production phase classified the environment most coherently and presented better association with the behavior of sperm kinetics.

A system decomposition method for region tracking control of a non‐holonomic mobile robot with dynamic parameter uncertainties

AbstractThe tracking control problem of non‐holonomic mobile robot systems has been extensively investigated in the past decades, however, most of the existing control strategies were developed specifically for the fixed‐point tracking. This technical note focuses on the region tracking control for a non‐holonomic mobile robot system with parameter uncertainties in the robot dynamics. With the system decomposition and adaptive control method, some restrictions imposed on the angular and linear velocities of the non‐holonomic mobile robot in recent literature are removed, enabling to track dynamic trajectories with any values of the angular and line velocities. The proposed adaptive control scheme can simultaneously solve both the regulation and region tracking problems of a non‐holonomic mobile robot with one passive wheel and two actuated wheels. By utilizing the designed control laws, the mobile robot system is able to globally reach inside a moving region specified by potential functions whose path can be a circular curve, a straight line, or sinusoidal curve, by using a single adaptive controller. Since the dynamic region can be specified arbitrarily small, the fixed‐point tracking can be regarded as a special case of region tracking studied in this paper. Compared with the traditional fixed‐point tracking, region tracking has more flexibility and better robustness. Numerical results are presented to show the effectiveness of the designed strategy.

The donor star radial velocity curve in the cataclysmic variable GY Cnc confirms white dwarf eclipse modelling mass

ABSTRACT A large number of white dwarf and donor masses in cataclysmic variables have been found via modelling the primary eclipse, a method that relies on untested assumptions. Recent measurements of the mass of the white dwarf in the cataclysmic variable GY Cnc, obtained via modelling its ultraviolet spectrum, conflict with the mass obtained via modelling the eclipse light curve. Here we measure the radial velocity of the absorption lines from the donor star in GY Cnc to be Kabs = 280 ± 2 km s−1, in excellent agreement with the prediction based on the masses derived from modelling the eclipse light curve. It is possible that the white dwarf mass derived from the ultraviolet spectrum of GY Cnc is affected by the difficulty of disentangling the white dwarf spectrum from the accretion disc spectrum.

FSCN1 has a potential indication for the prognosis and regulates the migration of HNSCC.

The study of molecular markers for diagnosis and prognosis is of great clinical significance for HNSCC patients. In this study, we proposed that FSCN1 has a potential indication for prognosis and is essential for the migration of HNSCC. We analyzed the expression and survival association of FSCN1 in HNSCC using TCGA data. We compared the expression of FSCN1 in tumors from primary and metastasis HNSCC patients using QPCR, western blotting, and immunochemistry staining. We determined the migration velocity of multiple HNSCC cell lines using a chemotaxis migration assay. We analyzed the correlation between FSCN1 expression and HNSCC cell migration. We also test the effect of FSCN1 knockdown and overexpression on HNSCC cell migration. FSCN1 was overexpressed in HNSCC than pair normal tissues and metastasis HNSCC than primary HNSCC. FSCN1 expression was associated with significantly poorer overall survival of HNSCC patients. FSCN1 was potentially associated with immune cell infiltration and migration-associated genes. FSCN1 level was correlated with the migration in HNSCC cell lines. Knockdown of FSCN1 reduced the migration and the overexpression of FSCN1 promoted the migration of HNSCC cell lines. FSCN1 is a potential prognostic marker and a critical biomolecule for the migration of HNSCC.

SDSS J1619 with blueshifted broad components in H α and in [O iii] having similar line width and velocity shifts: a recoiling SMBH candidate?

ABSTRACT In this letter, we report a potential candidate of recoiling supermassive black hole (rSMBH) in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) J1619 based on similar velocity shifts and line widths of the blueshifted broad components in H α and [O iii] doublet. The measured line width ratio between blueshifted broad H α and broad [O iii] line is 1.06, if compared with common values around 5.12 for normal Type-1 active galactic nuclei, indicating different properties of the blueshifted broad components in SDSS J1619 from those of normal Quasi Stellar Objects (QSOs). The virial BH mass MBHr derived from the broad H α is consistent with the mass expected from the MBH–σ relation. The similar velocity shifts and line widths of the blueshifted broad components in H α and [O iii] and the virial BH mass derived from the H α broad line emissions that is consistent with the mass expected from the MBH–σ relation, can be explained by an rSMBH scenario. Besides the rSMBH scenario, either the similar line widths of the blueshifted broad components in H α and in [O iii] or the consistency between the virial BH mass and the mass expected from the MBH–σ relation cannot be explained by the other proposed models in SDSS J1619.

Effect of feeding dried olive (Olea europaea) leaves on the reproductive parameters of Awassi rams

Abstract The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of feeding adult Awassi rams different ratio of dried olive leaves on the reproductive parameters during seven weeks during the breeding season. Three groups of Awassi rams were fed for twelve weeks either a conventional wheat straw-concentrate ration (Control) or experimental rations where 30% (G1) and 60% (G2) of the wheat straw were replaced with dried olive leaves. Animals were fed the same amounts of crude protein and metabolizable energy daily. Results indicated that with the exception of scrotal circumference, no significant (p&gt;0.05) responses were noted for testosterone level, body weight, semen volume, sperm concentration or semen pH values between the tested groups. Analysis of motility characteristics of sperm by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) technique showed no significant differences (p&gt;0.05) between the three groups in the percent motility, percent of sperm showing progressive motility, average path velocity, straight line velocity, curvilinear velocity, percent straightness and percent linearity. It could be concluded that feeding Awassi rams dried olive leaves even at the 60% level did not affect the reproductive characteristics of the Awassi rams and therefore could be used as supplement sources of feeds for small ruminants.

Early Results from GLASS-JWST. XXIII. The Transmission of Lyα from UV-faint z ∼ 3–6 Galaxies

Lyα emission from galaxies can be used to trace neutral hydrogen in the epoch of reionization, however, there is a degeneracy between the attenuation of Lyα in the intergalactic medium (IGM) and the line profile emitted by the galaxy. Large shifts of Lyα redward of systemic due to scattering in the interstellar medium can boost Lyα transmission in the IGM during reionization. The relationship between the Lyα velocity offset from systemic and other galaxy properties is not well established at high redshift or low luminosities, due to the difficulty of observing emission lines which trace the systemic redshift. Rest-frame optical spectroscopy with JWST/NIRSpec has opened a new window into understanding Lyα at z > 3. We present a sample of 12 UV-faint galaxies (−20 ≲ M UV ≲ −16) at 3 ≲ z ≲ 6, with Lyα velocity offsets, Δv Lyα , measured from the Very Large Telescope/MUSE and JWST/NIRSpec from the GLASS-JWST Early Release Program. We find a median Δv Lyα of 205 km s−1 and standard deviation of 75 km s−1, compared to 320 and 170 km s−1, respectively, for M UV < −20 galaxies in the literature. Our new sample demonstrates the previously observed trend of decreasing Lyα velocity offset with decreasing UV luminosity and optical line velocity dispersion, which extends to M UV ≳ −20, consistent with a picture where the Lyα profile is shaped by gas close to the systemic redshift. Our results imply that during reionization Lyα from UV-faint galaxies will be preferentially attenuated, but that detecting Lyα with low Δv Lyα can be an indicator of large ionized bubbles.