Airflow Velocity Research Articles

Dumbbell-shaped piezoelectric energy harvesting from coupled vibrations

This paper presents a novel dumbbell-shaped piezoelectric energy harvesting from vortex-induced vibration (VIV) and galloping. The designed harvester system leverages the coupled vibrations to improve the output performance. The conceptual design of the dumbbell-shaped harvester system is first developed, the theoretical model of the harvester is then established, three-dimensional simulation analyses are conducted, and the prototypes of the harvester that combines a cylinder and a cuboid are finally manufactured. The effect of the cylinder lengths and airflow velocity on the harvesting characteristics is explored. The results demonstrate the derived mathematical model is fully verified through experimental method. VIV occurs in the 0.5D and 1D dumbbell-shaped harvester systems at lower airflow velocities, while galloping takes place at higher velocities, both of which contribute to increase the output performance. In contrast, the 1D - 3D dumbbell-shaped harvesters demonstrate a VIV behavior only and suppress vibration. The maximum voltage generated by the 0.5D harvester is 12.03 V at 4.29 m s-1, which is 11.18 % higher than that of a single cuboid harvester. The vorticity fields illustrate the vortex shedding mode and intensity, as well as reveal the underlying influence mechanism.

苜蓿切断-气吹茎叶分离方法初步研究

The protein content of alfalfa leaves surpasses that of stems significantly, rendering harvested alfalfa following stems-leaves separation a valuable resource for livestock feed, thus ensuring the provision of high-quality raw materials for production. This study introduces a novel process for stems-leaves separation, alongside the establishment of a suspension velocity experiment rig aimed at investigating and determining the suspension velocity of alfalfa leaves, stems, and plants across various moisture levels. The relationship among various factors including different alfalfa components, the length of lateral branches, stem lengths, Moisture Content (MC), and suspension velocity was empirically derived through experimentation. In this study, the chopping and blowing method was proposed, where the alfalfa was cut into pieces according to a certain length, and then the alfalfa was blown apart by generating airflow through a fan. To comprehensively analyze the impact of airflow velocity and cutting length on the Separation Evaluation Index, a response surface mathematical model was developed. The empirical findings indicate optimal stems and leaves separation of alfalfa when the airflow velocity reaches 4.29556 m/s, paired with a cutting length of 33.7956 mm. Conclusively, this experiment validates the efficacy of the chopping and blowing separation method for alfalfa stems and leaves segregation, thereby offering valuable insights into alfalfa stems and leaves separation practices. The outcomes of this study hold significant reference value for the broader alfalfa agricultural domain.

Experimental study on the impact of indoor unit airflow velocity on the performance of an automotive heat pump system with a suction line heat exchanger

This study aimed to investigate the effect of changing the indoor unit air flow rate on the performance of an automobile heat pump with a suction line heat exchanger. Using a four-way valve, the automotive heat pump system was developed by reversing the refrigerant direction in the automobile air conditioning system, excluding the compressor. A suction line heat exchanger was added to the test system to enhance heat transfer between the liquid and suction lines of the automotive heat pump system. Performance comparisons were first performed for R134a and R1234yf by disabling the suction line heat exchanger. Then, the suction line heat exchanger was activated for R1234yf, and the tests were repeated. Performance comparisons were made for two different compressor speeds and three different indoor unit airflow speeds. It was found that using the heat exchanger in R1234yf operations improved the heating capacity, compressor discharge temperature and coefficient of performance by approximately 1.8 %, 5.1 % and 5.9 %, respectively. The heating capacity of the heat pump system using R134a, R1234yf, and R1234yf with the suction line heat exchanger was determined to be in the range of 2.46–3.29 kW, 2.35–3.04 kW, and 2.39–3.11 kW, respectively. An increase in the airflow speed of the indoor unit from 1.4 m s−1 to 3.2 m s−1 resulted in an average decrease of approximately 12.3 % in the compressor discharge temperature. In contrast, the heating capacity and coefficient of performance increased by approximately 11.8 % and 14.4 % on average, respectively, for R1234yf operations with the heat exchanger. This study revealed that by optimizing the air flow rate in the R1234yf heat pump system with a suction line heat exchanger, improvements in the heating capacity and coefficient of performance can be achieved, thus providing better thermal comfort in the passenger compartment.

Modeling smothering limit of smoldering combustion: Oxygen supply, fuel density, and moisture content

Smoldering, characterized as a slow, low-temperature, and flameless reaction process, represents one of the most persistent types of combustion phenomena. While oxygen supply is one of the governing mechanisms controlling smoldering, the specific oxygen threshold or smothering limit remains inadequately investigated. Herein, we built a physics-based 1-D computational model integrating heat-and-mass transfer and 5-step heterogeneous chemistry to investigate the oxygen threshold or smothering limit of smoldering propagation in porous pine needle beds subjected to forced internal oxidizer flow. Simulation results revealed that, the required oxidizer flow velocity or oxygen supply rate increased as the oxygen concentration decreased, and the predicted limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) was about 3 %, agreeing well with the experimental observations and theoretical analysis. Moreover, the required airflow velocity was predicted to increase as the fuel density and environmental temperature decreased, or the moisture content increased, and the predicted maximum moisture content capable of supporting smoldering was about 110 %. At the smothering limit, the modeled minimum smoldering temperature and propagation rate were around 300 °C and 0.5 cm/h. This work helps deepen our understanding of the limiting conditions of smoldering combustion, thus improving the mitigation strategy of smoldering fire and the efficiency of applied smoldering systems. Novelty and significance statementsOxygen supply is one of the key mechanisms governing the smoldering propagation. In the literature, scattered studies have examined the limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) of smoldering under different conditions, leading to disparate results even for the same fuels. In our previous work, for the first time, we developed a tubular smoldering reactor capable of precisely controlling the flow of oxidizer, and successfully quantified the exact oxygen supply limit of smoldering combustion. However, no computational model was established specifically for the oxygen threshold of smoldering with forced internal oxygen supply.The novelty of this research is the establishment of the first-ever computational model to investigate the oxygen threshold or smothering limit of smoldering propagation in porous pine needle beds subjected to forced internal oxidizer flow. It is significant because (1) it contributes to a fundamental understanding of smoldering combustion; (2) it investigates the role of fuel properties and environmental conditions in smoldering dynamics and the oxygen supply limits; (3) it assists in optimizing the applied smoldering systems and enriching prevention strategies for smoldering fires.

Investigating thermal performance and energy efficiency in under-floor air distribution data centers: A case study

This study conducted on-site measurements of air temperature and airflow velocity at the cold aisle outlet, combined with infrared imaging, to derive optimized layouts for rack servers. It was found that installing blind plates effectively improves the uniformity of cold air distribution within the racks, as indicated by the temperature and airflow velocity at the server inlet and outlet under both blind and non-blind plate conditions. Finally, thermal performance indicators (i.e., SHI, β, RHI, RCI) and Reynolds number were used to assess the thermal performance of the data center, while energy efficiency indicators (i.e., PUE, WUE, CUE) were employed to evaluate its energy efficiency. The results revealed that the cold aisle has less air distribution at both ends and is more concentrated in the middle. It is advisable to position high-power servers in the middle racks and place racks with relatively lower power at the front and rear ends to ensure effective heat dissipation of the servers. The installation of blind plates can effectively enhance the uniformity of airflow within the racks and improve server cooling. Among the tested racks, 16 out of 17 exhibited low temperatures (RCILO) below 90%, indicating heat loss and energy waste. The PUE value of the data center is 1.19, and the CUE value is 0.77.

A simple graphical method for sizing flat‐plate solar air heaters based on transversal and longitudinal aspect ratios

AbstractSolar air heaters (SAHs) are widely used for drying vegetables and fruits or for domestic heating. Certain sizing parameters are necessary to obtain the right dimensions for the required air temperature, flow rate, and thus useful thermal energy. The well‐known Hottel–Whillier–Bliss equation was used and made dimensionless by applying the collector longitudinal and transversal aspect ratios (rl and rt) of a double‐glazed flat plate solar air heater (DG‐FPSAH). The steady‐state equations are solved to determine the average temperatures. Thereafter, one could calculate the overall loss heat coefficient and efficiency factor, obtained analytically. A Matlab code was developed to estimate primarily unknown temperatures, useful energy, and the Nusselt number. An iterative numerical method is used until convergence occurs. The inlet cross‐sectional area and air flow velocity are defined as input data. The proposed sizing method depends on the output temperature required by the customer. This temperature can be determined from the plotted curves of the dimensionless ratios. Hence, the SAH‐needed dimensions are determined graphically depending on the functional requirements for construction planning, such as technology choice, work breakdown, and budgeting. In the present case study, based on the input parameters, an airflow rate of 1.2 kg/s entering a DG‐FPSAH with an output temperature of 41.5°C yields the dimensions of Lin = 3.824 m, Win = 2.735 m, and Hin = 0.1825, specifying the collector length, width, and air duct height. The gathered energy and thermohydraulic efficiency are: Qu = 7.91 kW, ηcol = 0.752, respectively.

Optimization framework for daylight and thermal environment of retractable roof natatoriums based on generative adversarial network and genetic algorithm

This paper proposes a framework for multi-objective optimization of indoor daylighting and thermal comfort in natatoriums with retractable roofs, using genetic algorithms and building performance simulation. The goal is to balance daylight illumination and thermal comfort under different roof opening states. Efficiency of computational fluid dynamics simulation is improved by a multi-objective optimization framework based on non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms, integrating a generative adversarial network to learn the environmental map. The study analyses the impact of different roof opening ratios on environmental objectives and establishes regression equations to support optimization and accurate decision-making. In the optimal opening state, compared to a fully closed roof, the daylight factor and natural airflow velocity increase by up to 3.9 and 5.3 times, respectively, while the universal thermal climate index decreases by 1.0 °C. The introduction of a generative adversarial network proxy model significantly improves computational efficiency, accelerating natural airflow velocity calculation by 70–100 times and reducing simulation time by 98.6 %. This study expands predictive models from the urban scale to the building scale, enhancing simulation efficiency and promoting the application of deep learning models and genetic algorithms in climate-responsive building environment assessment and prediction.

Impact of Changing Inlet Modes in Ski Face Masks on Adolescent Skiing: A Finite Element Analysis Based on Head Models

Due to the material properties of current ski face masks for adolescents, moisture in exhaled air can become trapped within the material fibers and freeze, leading to potential issues such as breathing difficulties and increased risk of facial frostbite after prolonged skiing. This paper proposes a research approach combining computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and ergonomics to address these issues and enhance the comfort of adolescent skiers. We developed head and face mask models based on the head dimensions of 15–17-year-old males. For enclosed cavities, ensuring the smooth expulsion of exhaled air to prevent re-inhalation is the primary challenge. Through fluid simulation of airflow characteristics within the cavity, we evaluated three different inlet configurations. The results indicate that the location of the air inlets significantly affects the airflow characteristics within the cavity. The side inlet design (type II) showed an average face temperature of 35.35 °C, a 38.5% reduction in average CO2 concentration within the cavity, and a smaller vortex area compared to the other two inlet configurations. Although the difference in airflow velocity within the cavity among the three configurations was minimal, the average exit velocity differed by up to 0.11 m/s. Thus, we conclude that the side inlet configuration offers minimal obstruction to airflow circulation and better thermal insulation when used in the design of fully enclosed helmets. This enhances the safety and comfort of adolescent wearers during physical activities in cold environments. Through this study, we aim to further promote the development of skiing education, enhance the overall quality of adolescents’ skiing, and thus provide them with more opportunities for the future.

CFD design and testing of an air flow distribution device for microwave infrared hot-air rolling-bed dryer

In this study, a new microwave infrared hot air rolling bed dryer (MIHRBD) was developed and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques were introduced into the design process of the integrated drying system. The structure of the air distribution device was optimised to improve the airflow uniformity over the curved surface of the rolling bed in the microwave-hot air drying combined equipment. The research findings reveal that, across eleven models, the outlet airflow velocity stabilises once the number of mesh elements reaches 5 million, achieving significant computational accuracy at that point. Optimizing components like the uniform air distribution pipe, turbulence plates, and wind deflectors significantly enhanced airflow distribution uniformity by 52.1%. The best airflow and temperature distribution uniformity on the rolling bed surface was achieved when the inlet airflow velocity ranged from 1 to 3 m s−1, with minimum Vd, Uv and temperature non-uniformity coefficients of 0.007 m s−1, 7.2% and 0.2%, respectively. Validation tests on the MIHRBD pilot equipment showed that after optimizing the uniform air distribution device, the minimum temperature difference on the pleurotus eryngii surface was 3.1 °C. This confirmed the feasibility of the computational fluid dynamics method. Introducing hot air significantly enhanced pleurotus eryngii's drying uniformity, with the Page model effectively predicting the MIHRBD drying process. This study provides technical support for future developments in this field of equipment manufacturing and drying process analysis.

Numerical study on the evaporation rate of an electronic cigarette atomizer

This work establishes an evaporation model for the electronic cigarette atomizer based on convective mass transfer theory, which is implemented through Fluent user-defined functions (UDFS). By adding the convection–diffusion equation and considering the energy loss caused by evaporation and the temperature variation over the atomizer body, the evaporation rate of the e-liquid from the atomizer is more accurately calculated, compared to the previous evaporation model based on the assumption of constant temperature over the atomizer body. The effects of external airflow velocity, atomizer porosity, heating power, atomizer shape, heating method, and groove width on the average surface temperature and evaporation rate of the atomizer are examined. The results show that compared with other factors, the external air flow velocity has relatively insignificant influence on the evaporation rate of the atomizer. Within a certain range, as the porosity of the atomizer decreases or the heating power increases, the evaporation rate of the atomizer increases. The cylindrical atomizer has better evaporation performance than the cuboid and grooved atomizer, if all atomizer surfaces are heated, however, when the heating area of the grooved atomizer is optimized, i.e., only the surfaces with large evaporation rates are heated, the evaporation rate of a grooved atomizer can be higher than that of a cylindrical atomizer. The evaporation rate increases with increasing groove width, in the parameter range studied.

Comprehensive design and performance validation of a wind tunnel for advanced respirable dust deposition investigations

This study presents the comprehensive design and performance validation of a wind tunnel specifically developed for advanced investigations into respirable dust deposition pertinent to coal mining environments. The design integrates a constant particle delivery system engineered to maintain uniform particle dispersion, which is critical for replicating real-world conditions in coal mines. Our methodology involved using ANSYS Fluent for the design and optimization of a blowing-type wind tunnel, with a focus on controlling turbulence levels and minimizing pressure drops, which are crucial for accurate dust behaviour simulation. The core of our research emphasizes the deployment of the Aerosol Lung Deposition Apparatus (ALDA) alongside a custom dust injection system to measure particle distributions within the test section. This setup enabled us to simulate the inhalation of coal dust particles, providing a realistic scenario for assessing potential hazards to miners. Validation of the tunnel’s performance was achieved through extensive testing with dust sensors and a hot-wire anemometer, which verified the airflow velocity and turbulence against the initial design specifications. The findings affirm the wind tunnel's capability to effectively model dust deposition and its impacts, thereby offering opportunities for enhancing miner safety and health standards.

Multi-scale modeling of fog harvesting using thin-fiber grids – Towards new design rubrics

Fog collectors with fibers thinner than 1 mm harvest fog droplets more effectively at a low airflow velocity around 1 m s-1 than thicker fibers. However, existing models and design rubrics are restricted to thick fibers at higher velocity. This paper reports a multi-scale numerical model for fog harvesting at airflow velocity of 1 m s-1 using thin-fiber grids with different fiber spacing and diameter. The numerical model can simulate fog harvesting at two extreme length scales that are comparable to collector scale at the large end and fiber scale at the small end. The results confirm two new and important effects of fiber grid geometries on water collection efficiency, which are not included in existing theories and design rubrics. First, dense thin-fiber grids negatively influence the collection efficiency because of wall effect caused by viscous boundary layers. Second, the sparse thin-fiber grids can benefit from isolated clogging waterdrops and maintain relatively high efficiency when clogging blocks multiple grid openings. The two identified effects are then included to develop a new performance map for fog collectors, thereby shaping new design rubrics for fog harvesting. This work extends the existing theories of fog harvesting and sheds light on the design of novel fog collectors.

Research on operation characteristics of wind supercharged solar chimney dust haze removal street light

To realize distributed dust haze removal in street canyons, an innovative wind supercharged solar chimney dust haze removal street light is proposed. The design couples solar chimney technology with municipal street lighting, utilizing thermal pressure, chimney effect and wind supercharged wheel to power the system, which achieves the dual function of lighting and dust haze removal. Operational testing on a small-scale model showed: the airflow warms up the most in the inlet area, and the model creates updrafts with a dust haze removal effect. The filtration system consists of various filter screens arranged by descending filtration efficiency: HEPA, primary filter cotton, activated carbon and nylon filter screens, with airflow velocity in the flow runner in the opposite order. The average filtration efficiency is positively correlated with the pressure drop and negatively correlated with the overflow airflow. A combination of different material filter screens is more effective than simply increasing the thickness of a single filter screen. A single layer of 10 mm primary filter cotton has the highest total mass flow of clean air, reaching 4.18 g. HEPA has the highest average filtration efficiency at 93.1 %. This innovative approach offers an efficient solution for urban air purification while maintaining street lighting functionality.

Investigations on the Performance of a Downhole Electric Heater with Different Parameters Used in Oil Shale In Situ Conversion.

In situ conversion is the most potential technology for efficient and clean development of oil shale, and a downhole electric heater is key equipment for clean, efficient, and low-carbon in situ conversion. Three electric heating rods with different diameters are used to explore their influence on heater performances. The simulation results indicate that increasing the diameter of the heating rod helps to increase the minimum and maximum velocity of shell-side air, and the maximum velocity of H110-24 is 16.34 m/s, which is 1.25 and 1.13 times those of H110-16 and H110-20, respectively. In addition, the location of the local high temperature zone coincides with the area with low air flow velocity, and increasing the diameter of the heating rod can effectively reduce the heating rod surface temperature during high-power heating. Moreover, at the same heat flux, the heat transfer coefficients of H110-24 and H110-20 are 44.82-48.49% and 87.52-95.48% higher than those of H110-16, respectively. With the same heating power, the heat transfer coefficients of heaters have the same trend, indicating that the heat transfer coefficient of the heating rod can be effectively improved by increasing the diameter of the heating rod. Finally, the newly defined comprehensive performance is used to evaluate the heaters with different heating parameters. Increasing the heating power can improve the comprehensive performance of the heater, but the most effective way is to increase the diameter of the heating rod. With the same heating power, the new comprehensive performance of H110-24 and H110-20 is 48.38-52.34% and 87.29-95.19% higher than that of H110-16, respectively, and the electric heating rod with the diameter of 20 mm has the best performance.

Numerical Analysis of the Dynamic Properties of Bionic Raster Ceilings.

In this study, a numerical dynamic analysis of ceiling raster panels was performed. The analysis was conducted on panels designed with inspiration from bionics. The purpose of the analysis was to enable optimisation of the location of the holes in the designed slabs in order to achieve the preferred dynamic properties, including the natural frequencies of the slabs and an appropriate airflow to avoid the occurrence of resonance. Three different types of panels were used and a total of fifteen panels were designed in terms of their geometry, with circular, elliptical, and hexagonal perforations, made of different materials: polypropylene PP, wood, and aluminium. Then, using the finite element method and ANSYS 2023 R1 software, the airflow over the ceiling panels and their natural frequencies and vibration modes were analysed. The analysis took into account not only the shape of the openings, but also their percentage area relative to the total panel area and different airflow velocities. In addition, the results were compared in an analytical way with those obtained for a solid slab. The results obtained include findings on the mode shapes and values of the vibration frequencies of the plates, air pressure maps, histograms, and plots of the pressure dependence on the surface area of the plate openings.

The promotion effect of human activity intensity on displacement ventilation efficiency by the enhancement indoor thermal stratification

In a displacement ventilation system, the human body heat source plays a significant role and should not be overlooked. The intensity of human activity is a crucial factor in determining the amount of heat generated by the human body. In this work, the impact of thermal plumes generated by different levels of human activity intensity on the temperature stratification and ventilation efficiency in displacement ventilation system have been explored with experimental and numerical methods. The airflow patterns in the displacement air supply system under various levels of human activity intensity were simulated. The results show that under the same air supply speed, as the human activity intensity increasing from 125 W to 402 W, the phenomenon of temperature stratification becomes more pronounced. With the promotion of thermal plumes, the air flow velocity on the human body surface increases, leading to an enhancement in ventilation efficiency. Therefore, to elimination of the indoor thermal load, the air supply speed can be reasonably reduced according to the human activity intensity in the room, further enhancing the energy-saving effect of displacement ventilation.

A novel application of electrostatic separation technology on green enrichment for protein from Enteromorpha prolifera

Electrostatic separation technology had been applied for the first time to the separation of algal proteins. The results indicated that grinding to a subcellular scale (<20 μm) effectively achieved the physical dispersion of Enteromorpha prolifera (E. prolifera) protein nuclei from other matrices. Compared to E. prolifera polysaccharides, proteins exhibited superior tribocharging properties, allowing them to acquire more positive charges during friction with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubes. The electrostatic separation of E. prolifera ultrafine powder was optimized by adjusting the friction tube length and airflow velocity. It was found that with a friction tube length of 200 cm, an airflow velocity of 5 m/s, and an electric field strength of 1.2 kV/cm, the content of obtained protein increased from 4.29 ± 0.19% to 9.38 ± 0.44%, with a separation efficiency of 67.67 ± 3.14%. These findings suggest the potential application of electrostatic separation technology for the green enrichment of algal proteins.

Environmental hazard assessment of forest fire sites to firefighting aircraft—part I: Canyon wind and temperature distribution

Wildfires have caused immense damage to the environment, property and human safety in recent years. Fortunately, the deployment of firefighting aircraft, particularly water bombers, has emerged as one of the most effective strategies for combating wildfires. However, the intricate environment of forest fire sites, characterized by thermal turbulence and canyon winds, presents a formidable flight risk for firefighting aircraft. To address this issue, this study conducted a comprehensive risk assessment of firefighting aircraft operating in a wildfire environment, analyzing the impact of thermal turbulence and canyon winds using a finite element simulation method. This approach not only bridges the research gap in the field of flight safety but also evaluates the environmental risks encountered by firefighting aircraft when entering forest fire sites. Our findings underscore thermal turbulence and canyon winds as potential hazards for aircraft flying over mountainous terrain, elucidating the effect of thermal turbulence on aircraft engine intakes and quantifying the total lift loss incurred during encounters with canyon winds featuring non-uniform airflow velocities. Specifically, thermal turbulence can induce instability and vibration in aircraft engines, whereas canyon winds can generate updrafts and downdrafts that may compromise aircraft structures or lead to lift loss. Furthermore, we cite several references to emphasize the multifaceted risks associated with the forest fire site environment, encompassing temperature gradients, thunderstorms, and air pollution. Such comprehensive wildfire data can be invaluable in assessing the flight safety of firefighting aircraft during water-dropping missions in forest fire scenarios.

Sparse Flow Sensor Placement Optimization for Flight-by-Feel Control of 2D Airfoils

This research introduces the Sparse Sensor Placement Optimization for Prediction algorithm and explores its use in bioinspired flight-by-feel control system design. Flying animals have velocity-sensing structures on their wings and are capable of highly agile flight in unsteady conditions, a proof-of-concept that artificial flight-by-feel control systems may be effective. Constrained by size, weight, and power, a flight-by-feel sensory system should have the fewest optimally placed sensors which capture enough information to predict the flight state. Flow datasets, such as from computational fluid dynamics, are discrete, often highly discontinuous, and ill-suited for conventional sensor placement optimization techniques. The data-driven Sparse Sensor Placement Optimization for Prediction approach reduces high-dimensional flow data to a low-dimensional sparse approximation containing nearly all of the original information, thereby identifying a near-optimal placement for any number of sensors. For two or more airflow velocity magnitude sensors, this algorithm finds a placement solution (design point) which predicts angle of attack of airfoils to within 0.10° and ranks within the top 1% of all possible design points validated by combinatorial search. The scalability and adaptability of this algorithm is demonstrated on several 2D model variations in clean and noisy data, and model sensitivities are evaluated and compared against conventional optimization techniques. Applications for this sensor placement algorithm are explored for aircraft design, flight control, and beyond.

Spray characteristics of elliptical orifice spray in diesel engine under air movement conditions

The development of high-quality mixture is a critical requirement for achieving high-efficiency and low-emission diesel engines, and fuel injection system performance improvement and in-cylinder airflow organization are crucial ways for achieving high-quality mixture. The elliptical nozzle is used as the research object in this research, and numerical simulation is utilized to investigate the effect of different airflow speeds and directions on the atomization characteristics of the elliptical nozzle jet, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the engineering application of the elliptical nozzle in diesel engines. The results show that under the same airflow conditions, the vertical penetration distance of the spray decreases while the horizontal penetration distance increases with the use of elliptical orifices, the surface wave perturbation on the windward side is more violent, and reduce spray field the Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD). The spray projected area grew by 13.5%, the spray SMD dropped by 14.8%, and the vertical penetration distance of the spray with elliptical orifices fell by 18% with an increase in airflow velocity from 0 to 20 m/s. When the airflow direction and the spray direction were at a 90° angle and the SMD was lower than that of the circular orifice by 12.9%. The angle between the airflow direction and the short axis of the elliptical orifice was 30°when the spray projection area was larger, the perturbation of the spray body was more intense, and the surface wave amplitude was larger.