Vehicular Population Research Articles

ASSESSING HUMAN AND CARBON FOOTPRINT OF RANCHI URBAN ENVIRONMENT USING REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY

In the present study, the total carbon emission of rapidly growing Ranchi Urban Agglomeration (RUA) was estimated in geospatial environment considering certain factors. The carbon emission estimation is based on the increase in human as well as vehicular population and loss of vegetation cover employing standardized conversion factors. The rapid built-up expansion (180%) and human population growth (223%) during 1975-2010 led to innumerable socio-economic and environmental impacts including deterioration of urban ecosystem. The built-up expansion as observed through satellite images reflects degradation in the natural ecosystem primarily apparent on forest ecosystem in RUA. The study reveals that after reorganization of Ranchi as state capital (post 2000), the carbon emission was more prevalent as compared to the earlier periods. The estimates of carbon stock (terrestrial carbon) represents that the vegetation cover, attributed as the major source of carbon sink, was lost and leads to emission of total 2.44 metric tonnes of carbon during 1975-2010. The vehicular based carbon emission estimation exhibits high level of carbon emission in RUA (198,038,728 metric tonnes) during the year 2010. The population distribution pattern in wards of Ranchi Municipal Corporation revealed that the wards located in the selected city core northern, north-eastern, eastern and south-western parts emitted than the mean city carbon emission (>38,500 metric tonnes) as compared to the wards located in central, north-eastern, south-western and south-western parts (>60,000 metric tonnes). The study suggests towards urgent imposition of regulations for rapid land use transformation together with preservation and growth of carbon sink locations of RUA.

ASSESSING HUMAN AND CARBON FOOTPRINT OF RANCHI URBAN ENVIRONMENT USING REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY

In the present study, the total carbon emission of rapidly growing Ranchi Urban Agglomeration (RUA) was estimated in geospatial environment considering certain factors. The carbon emission estimation is based on the increase in human as well as vehicular population and loss of vegetation cover employing standardized conversion factors. The rapid built-up expansion (180%) and human population growth (223%) during 1975-2010 led to innumerable socio-economic and environmental impacts including deterioration of urban ecosystem. The built-up expansion as observed through satellite images reflects degradation in the natural ecosystem primarily apparent on forest ecosystem in RUA. The study reveals that after reorganization of Ranchi as state capital (post 2000), the carbon emission was more prevalent as compared to the earlier periods. The estimates of carbon stock (terrestrial carbon) represents that the vegetation cover, attributed as the major source of carbon sink, was lost and leads to emission of total 2.44 metric tonnes of carbon during 1975-2010. The vehicular based carbon emission estimation exhibits high level of carbon emission in RUA (198,038,728 metric tonnes) during the year 2010. The population distribution pattern in wards of Ranchi Municipal Corporation revealed that the wards located in the selected city core northern, north-eastern, eastern and south-western parts emitted than the mean city carbon emission (>38,500 metric tonnes) as compared to the wards located in central, north-eastern, south-western and south-western parts (>60,000 metric tonnes). The study suggests towards urgent imposition of regulations for rapid land use transformation together with preservation and growth of carbon sink locations of RUA.

Assessment of pedestrian-vehicle interaction on urban roads: a critical review

Walking is being promoted as either a main mode of transportation or as a part of multimodal mobility. However, a rapid growth and development in urban areas has resulted in a drastic increase in human population as well as vehicular population in most of the metropolitans across the globe. Due to this, there is an unavoidable increase in conflicts between vehicular traffic and pedestrians often sharing the same road space. At an undesignated crossing, pedestrians wait for suitable inter-vehicular gap to cross the road. However, in order to reduce the waiting delay, pedestrians often take risk by accepting smaller gaps while crossing the road. It increases the probability of their collision with approaching vehicles. Apart from the frequency of crashes, the crash severity is also vastly governed by traffic flow characteristics. In this regard, it is a common belief that the reduction in speed of approaching vehicles can significantly bring down the severity of pedestrian crashes. On the other hand, vehicular movements also get obstructed due to the pedestrian activities carried out on the carriageway. During pedestrian crossing maneuvers, pedestrians often force the approaching vehicle(s) either to slow down or to change the lane which leads to reduction in the average speed of traffic stream. However, in case of pedestrians walking along the road, vehicles tend to shy away towards the center of carriageway to ensure the safe movements of pedestrians. Hence, pedestrians irrespective of crossing or walking along the road, eventually results in the reduction in speed as well as capacity of the road and sometimes prove to be a promising threat to safety of the road users. Therefore, in order to delve into the phenomena of pedestrian-vehicle interaction, one should need to study the mutual influences of pedestrian and vehicular movements on each other. In this background, this paper puts forward a detailed literature review on the assessment of pedestrian-vehicle interaction on urban roads. Findings of the paper are specific and infer the behaviors of both pedestrians and vehicles while sharing the same road space.

Lora Technology Based Potholes and Humps Detection for Smart City Transportation

In view of developing smart cities, all the infrastructure of the city should be integrated with intelligent system. Transportation is one of the main constraints to the development of cities. Roads maintenance is one of the key factors for transportation system. In developing countries due to the increased vehicular population the maintenance becoming a complex task. Here we propose a system which detects potholes and humps on roads and send the information to higher authorities using LoRa technology. We designed a system with three modules like user module, gateway module and cloud module. User module includes an ultrasonic sensor and Lora GPS shield which should be deployed on vehicles. Through sensor we can detect the pothole and humps on roads, Lora GPS will capture the location and the information will be sent to the gateway using LoRa communication. Gateway can be anywhere in the range of 15km as LoRa module can send the information throughout this range. This information is uploaded to cloud which will be available for higher authorities to repair and maintain the roads effectively.

Level of Service of Roads in Vijayawada

One of the most challenging problems in city management in a developing city like Vijayawada is Traffic Congestion. Being a part of the proposed capital city of Andhra Pradesh Amaravati, the vehicular population in Vijayawada as recorded the tremendous growth. With increase of Vehicular population (2015) as 3.32% of Transport vehicles and 7.97% of Non-Transport vehicles (as of data.gov.in) it has now became an alarming issue to develop the demand based transportation infrastructure. The traffic congestion not only disrupts the business activities but also reduces productivity level of the city. The traffic congestion, effect the increase in possibility of accidents because of weak traffic management in the city. So it is now very essential to give the solution to ill effects of traffic congestion in Vijayawada. This paper describes the traffic congestion problem for the busiest roads of the Vijayawada city i.e.., Eluru and Bandar road. The traffic congestion of these roads is determined by the level of service of the arterial roads (LOS) through Average speed, Traffic volume and Traffic Capacity. Also the topological features of the city and solution to the problems triggering traffic congestion are suggested.

A system view of smart mobility and its implications for Ghanaian cities

Urbanisation in the cities of Sub-Saharan Africa has been associated with urban sprawl and increased vehicular traffic, which undermine the agglomeration effects of the cities on socioeconomic development. These adverse effects will exacerbate as the human population of the region continues to increase. Some scholars argue that making the cities mobility-smart could mitigate the adverse effects of urbanisation in the region. However, the conventional literature on smart mobility in Sub-Saharan Africa does little to demonstrate how the concept can be applied. In this regard, the purpose of this study is two pronged: a) to assess the mobility smartness of Ghanaian cities and b) to demonstrate how the concept can be operationalised to mitigate some of the adverse effects of urbanisation in the cities. The research process began with a review of relevant literature to conceptualise smart mobility. The conceptual framework was then used to assess the mobility-smartness of Ghanaian cities, which was followed by a discussion of how the concept of smart cities can be operationalised in Ghanaian cities. The results show that the cities in Ghana, like many cities in Sub-Saharan Africa, depend mainly on the road sub-sector for the movement of people and freight. The rapid increases in vehicular population without a commensurate expansion in road infrastructure have undermined the cities’ productivity. The conclusion from this is that the cities are not mobility-smart and for this to change, the paper argues that efforts should be made to improve people mobility, information logistic mobility and information mobility. These require technological literate and receptive population and investments in transport infrastructure.

Smart Vehicular System based on the Internet of Things

With the advent of smart city and its implications, different components of the smart city such as traffic, pollution monitoring, infotainment and others need to be considered as well for enabling the complete smartness. One of the major components of the smart city is regulation of traffic and its standards for smooth vehicular movement and it depends on the road conditions and environment. Road conditions provide valuable information for developing assistive systems for the vehicles and to be provided and trained with different road conditions for better accuracy and finally enabling the smartness around the system. With the increasing vehicular population around the globe and in developing countries like India, assistive systems based on Internet of Things (IoT) play a major role in developing smart systems for the vehicles. Once the population of the vehicles increases, assistive systems need a smart mechanism for parking as well. The proposed Internet of things (IoT) based system provides the user with different conditions of the road and a smart parking solution.

Analysis of traffic characteristics of urban roads under the influence of roadside frictions

With increase in population and vehicular density in urban areas in developing countries, urban roads present a dismay picture with roads not being able to cater to the capacity for which they are designed for. This situation not only leads to huge economic wastage, but also endangers safety of road users. Increase in vehicular population along with shortage of urban road space is manifested in the form of road side frictions. Side friction factors are defined as those activities which take place on the sides of carriage ways or even on the carriage ways that are likely to affect the normal traffic flowing through the carriage ways. Friction factors are observed to affect the normal traffic adversely in the heterogeneous traffic condition in developing countries like India much severely than the roads catering homogeneous traffic. In general, side frictions can be in the form of buses stopped at bus stops, pedestrians walking along the sides of carriage ways and crossing at random, on-street parking, exits and entries from approach roads, slow moving vehicles etc. The present study conducted on four lane divided urban roads considering the most commonly observed forms of side frictions on Indian roads like buses stopped on curb side bus stops, pedestrians walking along carriage ways, on-street parking and a combination of all these factors was done to quantitatively assess the impact of these on traffic characteristics of flow on the roads. Analysis was conducted to determine the speed reduction and capacity deterioration observed on such stretches and speed prediction models were modelled with the above friction parameters as independent variables for each category of side friction.

A review on Assessment of Air Pollution due to Vehicular Emission in Traffic Area

In Indian metropolitan cities, the extensive growth of the motor vehicles has resulted in the deterioration of environmental quality and human health. The concentrations of pollutants at major traffic areas are exceeding the permissible limits. Public are facing severe respiratory diseases and other deadly cardio-vascular diseases In India. Immediate needs for vehicular air pollution monitoring and control strategies for urban cities are necessary. Vehicular emission is the main source of deteriorating the ambient air quality of major Indian cities due to rapid urbanization. Total vehicular population is increased to 15 Lacks as per recorded data of Regional Transport Organization (RTO) till 2014-2015. This study is focused on the assessment of major air pollution parameters responsible for the air pollution due to vehicular emission. The major air pollutants responsible for air pollution due to vehicular emissions are PM10, PM2.5, Sox, Nox, HC, CO2 and CO and Other meterological parameters like Ambient temperature, Humidity, Wind direction and Wind Speed. Sampling and analysis of parameters is carried out according to National Ambient Air Quality Standards Guidelines (NAAQS) (2009) and IS 5128.

Biodiesel from lemon and lemon grass oil and its effect on engine performance and exhaust emission

In the present scenario many developing countries are depending on oil producing nations for their fuel resources. Due to demand and scarcity of the fuel, there has been a huge increase in fuel prices. The vehicular population is also continuously increasing and becoming a great menace to peoples. This paper aims to provide an alternate solution for petroleum based fuels. It suggests that biodiesel produced from lemon and lemon grass oil can be used as an alternative fuel. This work investigates the thermal performance of four stroke diesel engine using blends of biodiesel and diesel as a fuel. Performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency, mechanical efficiency and specific fuel consumption were measured at different loads for diesel and various combination of biofuel (L10, L20, and L30). The maximum brake thermal efficiency obtained is about 26.12%for L20 which is slightly higher than that of diesel (24.91%). Engine experimental results showed that exhaust emissions including CO2 and HC were reduced by 6% and 5% for L20 mixture of biodiesel whereas CO emission was as same as diesel. However, there was increase in NOxby 26% to the diesel fuel.

The Recent State of Ambient Air Quality in Jakarta

Air pollution has become a growing concern, especially in urban cities with rapidly developing economies, increasing infrastructure and vehicular population, and reduced green spaces. Fossil fuel and transportation are the main source of pollutive particles (e.g., sulfur oxide and nitrous) released into the atmosphere. Once they have entered the atmosphere, these particles create health problems, degrade air quality, and cause acid rain. Seasonal investigations on rainwater chemistry and particulate matter pollution (SPM, PM10, and PM2.5) were conducted to understand the recent state of the ambient air quality in Jakarta, Indonesia. The characteristics of PM2.5 were also analyzed during Ied Al Fitr in 2016 and 2017. Based on the observational data, the ambient air quality in Jakarta improved during the period of our study (2000–2016). The chemical constituents, i.e., the anion and cation concentrations, in precipitation show decreasing trends starting from 2006. Moreover, the PM10 and SPM concentrations also decreased slightly. The causes of these favorable trends are climatic conditions—namely, an increasing trend of rainfall—and policy intervention. Additionally, an assessment during the feast of Ied Al Fitr in 2016 and 2017 indicated a further decrease in PM2.5 due to highly reduced inner-city traffic. These events exhibited an extreme reduction of the PM2.5 concentration in Jakarta.

Mitigation of Traffic Congestion: A Tool for Development and Urbanization

Traffic congestion is a condition on road networks that occurs as use increases. This is characterized by slower speed, longer trip times and increased vehicular queuing. This can be demonstrated by the physical use of roads by motor vehicles. Congestion results when traffic demand is large enough such that the interaction between vehicles slows down the speed of the flow of traffic. When this occurs at an intersection, huge traffic congestion results and as such, it is traditionally referred to as traffic jam or traffic snarl-up and a good road network is the most important key to the spatial organization of society. The Calabar Metropolitan City road network intersections comprising; Calabar road, Murtala Muhammed High way (MMHW), Etta Agbor, Marian, MCC Roads, Parliamentary Extension, Good Luck Jonathan Bye Pass, Atimbo Road, Mary Slessor Road, Tinapa and Odukpani Junctions and environs or adjoining streets and internal roads in the metropolis and the UNICEM/Lafarge Factory- Odukpani Junction alternative evacuation road were studied. Though not all of them are signalized, therefore needing the services of traffic controllers to facilitate traffic. The case of Calabar Road- MMHW-Odukpni Road traffic jam or traffic snarl-up has worsened. The lack of maintenance and expansion of these roads is becoming evident by the day as commuters and other road users manoeuvre through narrow and poorly built roads or having to sleep on the road or spend 3 hours to 8 hours for a journey of 20 to 30 minutes. It is conventional that towns grow into cities in an ad-hoc manner, with usually no provision made towards scaling road capacities, eventually resulting into several bottleneck roads, which remain congested for extended periods of time. More so, Calabar has witnessed a geometric growth in her vehicular population resulting in the failure of traditional traffic management strategies.

Study on awareness of road traffic rules among drivers of rural area: A cross-sectional study

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTA) are a pandemic in current era, which destined to rise in the future, due to increase in a number of vehicular population in addition to increase in a number of aggressive road users. Most of RTAs are due to unawareness to road traffic rules. This could result into poor attitude and practices while driving. Objectives: The objectives are (1) to determine the awareness of road traffic rules and (2) to study driving practice of drivers. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among drivers of rural area. A total of 207 participants included using simple random method. Information was obtained by face-to-face interview. Results: Unawareness found more for the questions such as maximum permissible blood alcohol level while driving and minimum distance between two vehicles. Majority of drivers followed poor driving practices such as drinking and driving, over speeding, and use of mobile phone while driving. Conclusion: The present study showed a lack of awareness regarding different traffic rules and poor driving practices among drivers.

Assessment of air pollution of settlement areas in Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia

The purpose of this study is to analyses mass concentration varied by its measurement of air pollution in Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia. Ulaanbaatar city will have been increasing air pollution due to rapidly expanding vehicular population, growing industrial sector in last 10 years ago. In addition, people use to heat the carbon from 10 month in every year. This becomes a base cause of air pollution in Ulaanbaatar.We studied a change of mass concentration an air pollution elements in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. To research work, we used information that based on data of my measurements of air pollution and Metropolitan air quality agency until 2006 to 2016.This research important result is air pollution levels are limited to the areas around Ulaanbaatar areas are the most polluted in the center of city are the least polluted areas whereas Tolgoit, Sapporo, 1st Khoroolol, Amgalan, Shar Khad are moderately polluted and the areas around Baruun 4 zam, Factory, Zaisan, Nisekh are normally polluted. The results of pollution are illustrated four zones. By dividing the polluted areas into such zones, we are trying to make it easier to take preventive measures against the pollution itself and protective measures for safeguarding the health of mass population.

MITIGATORY MEASURES TO DECONGEST AND IMPROVE TRAFFIC CONDITION AT HEBBAL JUNCTION

Bangalore city has seen an abnormal increase in vehicular population of over 10.2% in last ten years while the population is increased by 65% during the same period. The present day vehicular population is 52 lakhs. Hebbal Junction, situated on the Airport road is the major connecting road to International Airport Road , which is one among many traffic congestion zones in the city. With about 19157 PCU/hr (6917 PCU/hr at grade), It is also one of the busiest junction along ORR in Bangalore today. In order to make ORR through traffic Signal free, Grade Separation is essential at the junction. Further, there has been manifold increase in passenger car and bus traffic in perpendicular direction (along Bellary road) due to shift in Bangalore airport from HAL to Devanahali (KIAL). Considering the increase in traffic, NHAI has built 6 lane elevated road beyond Hebbal flyover leading to airport. The surface level road has been upgraded to 6 lane main carriageway with 2 lane service road both sides. Presently the traffic from these 16 lanes is converging to 4 lane flyover at existing Hebbal flyover which is bottleneck. In opposite direction the city bound traffic from Bellary road is converging from 10 lanes to existing 4 lane flyover resulting in traffic congestion. Hence there is a necessity to increase the capacity of existing flyover to cater for airport traffic and future traffic demand. Various objectives of the study includes to improve the geometrics of traffic parameters in terms of conflict points, to improve the speed flow characteristics, to prepare Mitigatory proposals plan for signal free vehicular movement,to work out the cost economics for Mitigatory proposal plan. As part of this study, The Topographical Survey and the traffic details including turning movements at various arms of the junction have been collected and analyzed and the Capacity of all the roads running through the junction have been calculated. Traffic Volume surveys were carried out to find out the peak and off peak hour traffic volume. The max peak hour traffic volume we found in the junction along a single road is 6200 PCU/hr. Proposals or Alternatives have to be planned to reduce congestion. Widening the roads will be complicated due to major commercial establishments developed along the edge of the road and removal of these establishments will be necessary in case of expansion of road to accumulate the future traffic. --------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------

Real world vehicle emissions: Their correlation with driving parameters

Vehicular population in developing countries is expected to proliferate in the coming decade, centred on Tier II and Tier III cities rather than large metropolis. WLTP is being introduced as a global instrument for emission regulation to reduce gap between standard test procedures and actual road conditions. This work aims at quantifying and discernment of the gap between WLTC and real-world conditions in an urban city in a developing country on the basis of driving cycle parameters and simulated emissions for gasoline fuelled light passenger cars. Real world driving patterns were recorded on different routes and varying traffic conditions using car-chasing technique integrated with GPS monitoring and speed sensors. Real-world driving patterns and ambient conditions were used to simulate emissions using International Vehicle Emissions model for average rate (g/km) and Comprehensive Modal Emissions Model for instantaneous emission (g/s) analysis. Cycle parameters were mathematically calculated to compare WLTC and road trips. The analyses revealed a large gap between WLTC and road conditions. CO emissions were predicted to be 155% higher than WLTC and HC and NOx emissions were estimated to be 63% and 64% higher respectively. These gaps were correlated to different driving cycle parameters. It was observed that road driving occurs at lower average speeds with higher frequency and magnitudes of accelerations. The positive kinetic energy required by road cycles, was 100% higher than WLTC and the Relative Positive Acceleration (RPA) demanded by road cycles, was found to be 60% higher in real-world driving patterns and thereby contribute to higher emissions.

A Comparative Study on Application of Time Series Analysis for Traffic Forecasting in India: Prospects and Limitations

Modelling of growth trend and improvement in forecasting techniques for vehicular population has always been and will continue to be of paramount importance for any major infrastructure development initiatives in the transportation engineering sector. Although many traditional as well as some advanced methods are in vogue for this process of estimation, there has been a continuous quest for improving on the accuracy of different methods. Time-series (TS) analysis technique has been in use for short-term forecasting in the fields of finance and economics, and has been investigated here for its prospective use in traffic engineering. Towards this end, results obtained from two other traditional approaches, namely trend line analysis and econometric analysis, have also been collated, underlining the better results obtained from TS analysis. A regression model has been developed for predicting fatality rate and its results have been compared with those from TS analysis. Based on the incentive provided by reduced errors obtained from using increasing number of data points for model-building, forecasting has been done for the year 2021 using time-series modelling. With most of the datasets used and locations analysed for forecasting, the TS analysis technique has been found to be a useful tool for prediction, resulting in lower estimation errors for almost all the cases considered. It has also been inferred that the proximity of the forecasting window to the sample dataset has a noticeable effect on the accuracy of time-series forecasting, in addition to the amount of data used for analysis.

Effect of Side Frictions on Traffic Characteristics of Urban Arterials

The urban transportation system is the hub of all economic activities in urban communities all over the world, and thus sustains livelihood of the people living there. The increase in population has led to increase in vehicular population. The land resources being constant, this vehicular growth has adverse effect on smooth traffic flow. Increase in vehicular population along with shortage of urban road space is manifested in the form of road side frictions. Side friction factors are defined as those activities which take place on the sides of carriage ways or even on the carriage ways that are likely to affect the normal traffic flowing through the carriage ways.The present work aims at analyzing the impact of road side frictions on traffic characteristics of urban roads in India. Study was conducted on urban roads in some of the thickly populated urban cities like Mumbai, Bengaluru and Thiruvananthapuram. The side friction factors were limited to buses stopped at bus stops, pedestrians walking along sides of carriage ways and on-street parking of vehicles. Multiple linear regression analysis was chosen to relate the factors contributing to reduction in speed caused by side friction factors. Reduction in speed was studied for stretches with individual side frictions as well as stretches under the combined effect of all the factors. The result showed that there was significant impact of side friction on vehicular speed on urban roads and could also bring about the extent of impact of individual factors on speed. The results highlight the need to include side friction factors on all traffic related studies for proper planning of urban roads.

Exploring the Planning Design Opportunities for Road Transportation Network of Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India

The transportation system in Kanyakumari District has met the grim situation over the years due to numerous parameters like increasing population, increasing economic activity, increasing vehicular population, negligence from the administrative officials, unethical practices of the locals, etc.; led it to a pathetic condition, especially on National Highway-47. However, to simplify the situation, the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI), Government of India is taking up the effort for developing the new bypass road to the existing NH-47 by diverting form selected few junctions. Unfortunately, this partial solution for the existing NH-47 will give birth to numerous other physical, socio-economic, and ecological problems. The objectives of this study is to identify the possible causes of the inadequacies in prevailing transportation network of Kanyakumari District and put forward logical, scientific and economical conceptual level solutions for the betterment of road users and people of the district. In order to revamp the present dreadful condition, the authors have worked out some simple remedial measures as a solution by conducting exhaustive observation survey, analytical work, discussions with experts and the locals, etc. It includes assessing the prevailing conditions of transportation system in the district, proposing planning design options for rectifying the short comings of the transportation network of the district, conceptualization of the standard flyover design for the NH-47 and ring roads for selected towns of high importance. Further, the paper concludes with plausible and executable recommendations. It is recommended that, in the light of these findings of opportunities and possibilities, the administrative authorities and officials of Kanyakumari district might look into rejuvenating the road transportation scenario of the district.

Study of ill effects of air pollution due to automobiles on respiratory functions in traffic policemen

Introduction: Every city is growing day by day and this growth is associated with enormous increase in vehicular traffic, emitting exhausts and polluting the atmosphere. vehicular population has been found to be an important cause of respiratory symptoms in city people.The adverse health effects and deterioration of pulmonary function from inhaling such particulate matters are well recognized. Although acute health effects have studied previously but chronic health effects related to outdoor traffic(automobiles) air population have not been evaluated that much. Material and Methods: A case control study was conducted in nanded city maharastra, A total of 120 subjects were studied in which 60 cases were smoker & nonsmoker traffic policemen and 60 controls were nonsmoker& not exposed to air pollution. Questionarre method used and respiratory functions (FVC, FEV1/FVC%) were recorded by using spirometer. The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS software and unpaired t test was applied for results. Results: The respiratory functions including forced vital capacity(FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity ratio as percentage (FEV1/FVC%) were reduced significantly in the traffic policemen than control group. Conclusion: Our study revealed that FVC had been significantly reduced in the traffic policemen suggesting restrictive pattern of lung disease.FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% were also significantly reduced in traffic police men suggesting obstructive lung disease, Thus our findings are suggestive of mixed type of lung disease in them. So from this study it can be concluded that the traffic policemen are in very high risk group for respiratory dysfunction and further measures to reduce automobile pollution has to be required or studies to prevent them from automobile pollution exposure should be done in urgent basis.