Vehicle Sales Research Articles

Application of Machine Learning Algorithms in the Development and Consumption Trend of Green and Intelligent Vehicles under the Background of Big Data

In the face of global warming, air pollution, and other difficulties, electric vehicles have become an industry strongly supported by various countries due to their good environmental protection characteristics. In the context of big data, people are exposed to more and more information, and the convenience brought by big data is also increasing. Based on this background, the development of green and intelligent vehicles is getting faster and faster. This paper is aimed at studying the application of machine learning algorithms in the development and consumption trends of green and intelligent vehicles in the context of big data. This paper proposes machine learning algorithms based on big data, as well as support vector machine algorithms and so on. Machine learning algorithms specialize in how computers simulate or implement human learning behaviors to acquire new knowledge or skills and to reorganize existing knowledge structures to continuously improve their performance. The test results of this paper show that, starting from 2014, China has begun to vigorously develop green and intelligent vehicles. In 2014, the production volume of green and intelligent vehicles in China was 3,675, and the sales volume was 2,790. The development of green and intelligent vehicles is not very good and has not been fully accepted by the public. However, since 2017, the production and sales of green and intelligent vehicles have been slowly increasing. By 2020, the production of green and intelligent vehicles will be 24,360 and the sales will be 24,090. It can be seen that with the development of time, green and intelligent vehicles are gradually being recognized.

Study of the SUV Market and Consumer Purchase Decision Analysis in Bhubaneswar

Demand for sports utility vehicles (SUVs) continues to outstrip other sectors by a significant margin, having grown from a measly 15% market share two decades ago to accounting for over 40% of all domestic passenger vehicle (PV) sales. A decade ago, most people associated SUVs with large, clunky, diesel-powered vehicles with off-roading capabilities. However, consumer preferences have changed, and more people are choosing upright driving positions and high ground clearance vehicles, which are complemented by a variety of options available at an affordable price point. In this paper we have tried to find out, what are the key reasons to choose an SUV above any other passenger vehicles in Bhubaneswar? A sample of 100 was taken to carry out the research. It was found thatsafety, ability to go anywhere, rugged feeling, space, tall seating position, affordable and above all they are aspirational and carry social value, are some of the significant factors people consider to buy SUVs in Bhubaneswar.

Social media user-generated content, online search traffic and offline car sales

PurposeThis study explores the direct relationship between social media user-generated content (UGC), online search traffic and offline light vehicle sales of different models.Design/methodology/approachThe long-run equilibrium relationship and short-run dynamic effects between the valence and volume of UGC, online search traffic and offline car sales are analyzed by applying the autoregressive distribution lag (ARDL) model.FindingsThe study found the following. (1) In the long-run relationship, the valence of online reviews on social media platforms is significantly negatively correlated with the sales of all models. However, in the short-run, the valence of online reviews has a significant positive correlation with all models in different lag periods. (2) The volume of online reviews is significantly positively correlated with the sales of all models in the long run. However, in the short run, the relationship between the volume of online reviews and the sales of lower-sales-volume cars is uncertain. There is a significant positive correlation between the volume of reviews and the sales of higher-sales-volume cars. (3) Online search traffic has a significantly negative correlation with the sales of all models in the long run. However, in the short run, there is no consistent conclusion on the relationship between online search traffic and car sales.Originality/valueThis study provides a reference for managers to use in their efforts to improve offline high-involvement product sales using online information.

The role of electric vehicles in decarbonising Australia’s road transport sector: modelling ambitious scenarios

Transitioning to net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050 is becoming increasingly urgent, requiring accelerated efforts to decarbonise all economic sectors, including transport, a growing emissions source. A transition to battery electric vehicles (BEV) would accelerate the decarbonisation of road transport and provide other benefits. But in Australia, BEV uptake has been negligible, and the scale and pace required to reach net-zero emissions by 2050 has not been addressed to date.This study applies a national-scale integrated macroeconomic model (iSDG-Australia) to project Australia’s future road transport demand, vehicle mix, energy consumption and GHG emissions by 2050. It models five scenarios incorporating different levels of economic and population growth, vehicle longevity, ambitions for BEV uptake, fleet renewal, forced phase-out of fossil-fuelled vehicles and shifts to renewable electricity. Scenario projections are benchmarked on their zero-emission vehicle mix, fuel and electricity consumption, GHG emissions, and broader social and economic impacts. We conclude the scale and pace of change must be transformational rather than transitional, requiring urgent policy action. An ambitious and rapid transition to 100% BEVs in new vehicle sales, accelerated fleet renewal, and a shift to renewable electricity generation could achieve a net-zero outcome for Australia’s road transport sector by 2050.

News From Japan

Nowadays, various environmental restrictions have been revised to be even more strict to protect Earth from ecological risks such as the global warming crisis. This trend is especially obvious in the European Union (EU), where the average CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> emission rate must be reduced significantly according to its regulations. For example, it decided its 2020–2024 target of the average CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> emission rate from new passenger cars is 95 g/km [1]. China and other countries have set similar goals. The EU also has proposed a policy to virtually ban the sale of gasoline and diesel vehicles by 2035 [2]. In this situation, electric vehicles (EVs) have been spreading rapidly worldwide.

Estimation of two-wheeler users’ mode shift behavior and policy analysis to encourage electric-bike adoption in India

Electric vehicles are introduced in India as an alternative to internal combustion engine vehicles to mitigate environmental pollution and ensure energy security by reducing oil imports. The central and state governments have announced several incentives/subsidies for electric vehicle adopters, but India's present electric vehicle sales are significantly less than other countries. In the initial stage to improve electric vehicle penetration, the electric bike needs to be given more importance because two-wheelers share more than seventy-nine percent of vehicle numbers on the Indian roads. Thus, this study aims to identify factors that significantly affect the user's willingness to adopt electric bikes and develop a user-mode choice model to shift from a conventional two-wheeler to an electric bike. Also, this study identifies suitable policy options to encourage electric bike use in India. For this purpose, 712 samples were collected from road users in Ahmedabad and used for the analysis. Pearson correlation, Kendall's Tau-b, Spearman's rho correlations, and odds ratio tests were used to study the significant influence of respondents' socio-economic characteristics, travel information, and electric bike attributes on electric bike adoption. The ordered probit model was used to estimate the user's mode shift behavior from a conventional two-wheeler to an electric bike. Further, the Analytic Hierarchy Process method was adopted to prioritize the alternative policies to encourage electric bike adoption. This study finds that gender, travel distance, fuel expenditure, and motivating factors of using electric bikes significantly influences the users' mode shift behavior to adopt electric vehicles. The policy analysis shows that introducing high-speed electric bikes with improved battery technology, road and vehicle tax exemption on electric bike purchases, and providing proper charging facilities are the most preferred policies by the users. Implementing these policies across the country would significantly help reduce the consumer's risk perception of electric bikes and improve electric vehicle adoption in India.

Türkiye’de Otomotiv Sektörüne Verilen Vergi Teşvikleri Etkin Mi? Ekonometrik Bir Analiz

Otomotiv sektörü hem gelişmiş hem de gelişmekte olan ülkelerin ekonomileri içerisinde stratejik bir öneme sahiptir. Ülkemizde de en önemli sektörlerden biri olan otomotiv sektörü, orta vadeli programlar içerisinde yer alan makroekonomik politikalarda öncelikli sektör olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Ekonomik büyüme için stratejik ve öncü bir sektör olması nedeniyle, ekonominin durgunluk dönemlerinde bir maliye politikası araçlarından olan bazı vergisel teşvikler otomotiv sektörüne uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de 2006-2020 yılları arasında otomotiv sektörüne uygulanan vergi indirimi ve hurda teşvik politikalarının otomotiv sektöründeki satış rakamları ele alınarak etkinliği analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuç, vergi teşviklerinin otomobil, otobüs, kamyon satışlarını anlamlı bir şekilde artırdığıdır. En önemli artış ise talebin fiyat esnekliği daha yüksek olan otomobilde görülmüştür.

Pengaruh Down Payment dan Insentif Pajak Kendaraan PPNBM Terhadap Penjualan Mobil selama Pandemi Covid-19

The research conducted aims to examine government policies on the decline in sales of four-wheeled vehicles, government policies that have been implemented are fiscal taxes by providing four-wheeled PPnBM tax incentives for 1500 cc vehicle types with the number of passengers less than 10 people with a tax incentive rate of 100%. The type of research conducted is descriptive associative regarding the influence between variables. The data used is from GAIKINDO and OTO.COM and is secondary. The research method used is quantitative and the sample technique uses purposive sampling. The analytical technique used by the researcher is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 26. The variables used in this study are Down Payment, Incentives, PPnBM as the independent variable and Sales as the dependent. The result of the research is that the down payment variable has a negative effect on car sales and the PPnBM incentive variable has a positive effect on car sales and the two variables simultaneously affect car sales

Improving China’s Global Lithium Resource Development Capacity

Flourishing sales of new electric vehicles have led to a considerable surge in demand for the vital, upstream raw material, lithium (Li). As an essential energy metal and raw material for the production of batteries, lithium has become indispensable to the electric vehicle industry. It has been identified as a strategic, emerging industrial mineral in China. Based on a literature review and qualitative analysis of the imbalance between the supply and demand of lithium raw materials in China, this paper analyzes the current challenges of China’s lithium supply chain, especially mining, pricing and recycling, that are obstructing the realization of China’s carbon neutrality. On this basis, relevant policy suggestions are proposed from three perspectives: strengthening lithium resource development and reserve capacity, promoting international cooperation for lithium supply, and properly regulating the circular economy of domestic lithium resources.

Battery Electric Vehicles Energy Consumption Breakdown from On-Road Trips &lt;xref rid="FN_1" ref-type="fn"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) sales have been spiking up due to a series of factors: zero tailpipe emissions, wider model availability, increased customer acceptance, reduced purchase price, improved performance and range. The latter is a crucial factor the consumers consider when purchasing a BEV, and it largely depends on how the vehicle operates (e.g. average speed), traffic, ambient conditions, and battery size. When driven on the roads, the actual range of BEVs can be significantly smaller than the certified value obtained from laboratory testing at standard conditions. To understand the factors influencing vehicle range in real-world operation, the study team performed on-road tests on three production passenger vehicles currently available in the European market. The measured quantities, including vehicle signals from OBD/UDS, were used to quantify the vehicle energy consumption. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data was used to calculate vehicle positioning and resistances, including altitude. Findings show an average consumption of 201.5 Wh/km for mid-sized passenger cars, ranging between 150 to 293.4 Wh/km (minimum and maximum observed values from a B-Segment vehicle and a 9-Seater VAN, respectively). Ambient temperature is one of the factors introducing a high variability in real-world energy consumption, as electric energy is used both for cabin heating and cooling, which might lead to range reductions of 30-50 % under extreme conditions. An energy breakdown is presented for each trip, describing the typical share of propulsion, cooling/heating needs and other auxiliaries.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Cobalt Demand for Automotive Electrification in China: Scenario Analysis Based on the Bass Model

With accelerating automotive electrification process, quantitative analysis of cobalt demand becomes a critical issue in China. How much cobalt is expected to be needed from 2021 to 2030 to support a smooth automotive electrification in China? This study aims to answer this question comprehensively by examining the responses of annual cobalt demand to variations in electric vehicle sales, battery capacity factors, and cobalt substitution effects, which has not been fully explored in previous literature. Scenario analysis based on the Bass model is adopted and historical data from 2012 to 2020 are used for this study. The results show that 1) the peak annual cobalt demand will reach 35.58–126.97 kt/year during 2021–2030; 2) cobalt demand is expected to decline by 14.29% if the market share of ternary lithium-ion battery decreases by 10%; 3) while cobalt substitution can reduce the demand substantially, it cannot offset the growth of cobalt demand driven by the increasing EV sales and battery capacity. These results provide a knowledge base for policy suggestions to manage the cobalt demand—supply balance in China better.

Understanding barriers to electric vehicle adoption for personal mobility: A case study of middle income in-service residents in Hyderabad city, India

Globally, there is a significant increase in the sales of electric vehicles (EVs), and in many counties, this is leading to transformational change in the use of vehicle technology. In India, the government provides policy and financial incentives with an expectation of large-scale diffusion of EVs in the medium and long term. However, for the diffusion of EVs, it is essential to understand consumer behaviour. This study contributes to understanding factors necessary to drive EV demand in India by analysing the behaviour of potential EV buyers. The city of Hyderabad in India was used as a case study. Personal interviews were used, and stated preferences for different scenarios were analysed using discrete choice models. The analysis reveals a general willingness to purchase EVs among the middle-income working population in India. However, this initial excitement was found to be only due to a lack of awareness about running cost and specification of EVs, and when the these were known, most respondents showed high sensitivity and reconsidered their choice. It was also found that financial and policy incentives positively impact EV adoption, underlining their importance. The estimates from this study thus provide insights into the policy responses and also for framing market strategies.

How the U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard could use garbage to pay for electric vehicles

The U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) is a key federal program shifting the nation's transportation fuel mix towards lower-carbon alternatives. A 2014 update to the standard included certain types of renewable electricity as qualifying fuels, supporting vehicle electrification within the RFS for the first time. This study investigates the potential under existing regulatory authority to expand deployment of low-carbon waste-to-electricity pathways, yielding revenue that could be used to subsidize electric vehicle (EV) sales or to support other RFS-aligned climate and transport-sector goals. We find that by accounting for drivetrain efficiency in credit allocation and creating a centralized entity to accrue credits, the RFS could generate $8.7 to $24 billion in revenues annually that could be used to provide EV subsidies of $3600 to $9200 or to otherwise accelerate transport electrification. The economic potential for qualifying waste-derived bioelectricity production could meet EV fleet demand to at least 2029. Absent a federal Low Carbon Fuel Standard, or other technology-neutral fuel policy, the RFS could effectively support widespread vehicle electrification. Expansion of waste-derived electricity could mitigate or increase pollutant exposure for some populations, so policy design and implementation must pay close attention to environmental health, justice, and equity.

A Study of Car Wash Wastewater Treatment by Cyclo-Flow Filtration

With the increase in transportation demand and facilities in this era and the significant improvement in people’s living standards, the annual production and sales of vehicles are steadily increasing. With this, the issues of car wash wastewater treatment and water pollution are becoming more and more serious. Car wash wastewater mainly comprises fine sand, slick oil, suspended solids (SS), and surfactants, and can be quantified as chemical oxygen demand (COD) on a normative basis. This study examines the use of cyclo-flow filtration with high filtrate flux to treat car wash wastewater to solve issue of limited space in metropolitan areas and increase the willingness of the industry to invest in car wash equipment to recover water resources. The average removal rates of SS and COD are about 81% and 43%, respectively. Compared with current technology, the price of recycled water can compensate for operating costs, requiring minimal operating space owing to the single-unit cyclo-flow filtration system.

Government strategy for banning gasoline vehicles: Evidence from tripartite evolutionary game

To cope with severe environmental pollution and energy shortages, China proposed that it would ban the sale of gasoline vehicles (GVs) in the future. Considering the rent-seeking (R–S) behavior of vehicle enterprises and the game relationship between the central government and local governments when implementing a policy of Banning Gasoline Vehicle Sales Policy (BGVSP), we constructed a tripartite evolutionary game model with vehicle enterprises, local governments, and the central government. The influence of financial support and punishment by government departments on the evolution of the policy was explored using a numerical simulation. The main results are as follows. (1) Local governments can strengthen the construction of clean government and increase the cost of R–S when vehicle enterprises violate the policy to ensure that BGVSP can be effectively implemented. (2) The central government should increase capital investment, improve the transfer payment, reward to local governments and vehicle enterprises, to accelerate the realization of GVs withdrawing from the market. (3) Local governments should increase the penalties for vehicle enterprises' illegal behaviors to accelerate the implementation of BGVSP. Our study can not only advance the research on industry policy of new energy vehicles, but also provide a significant reference for policy makers.

Adoption of Electrical Vehicles in India

Abstract: Greenhouse gas emission, fast depletion of fossil fuels, the oil crisis and the increased cost of petroleum products are the major factors that need a shift from internal combustion engines to Electric Vehicles. The use of electric cars is an active action in conserving the environment. The use of these cars promotes the protection of the environment by reducing greenhouse gas emissions while promoting renewable energy sources that are less likely to amount to the carbon footprint. Electric cars function by plugging into a charge point and taking electricity from the grid. They store the electricity in rechargeable batteries that power an electric motor, which turns the wheels. Electric cars accelerate faster than vehicles with traditional fuel engines so they feel lighter to drive. India launched "National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) 2020" in 2013, which aims promotion of hybrid and EVs in the country to achieve national energy security. Even after this the total sales of EV's in India was only about 0.0068% of the total sales of vehicles in India. Increasing long-term gasoline price and concerns on the impact of emissions have inspired alternative technologies like electric vehicles (EVs). The automotive manufacturers are facing difficulties in understanding the needs and wants of the customer. This research aims at helping the automobile manufacturers to understand the customer better. The insights gained from this research will help policymakers around the world in crafting transportation and energy policies in the EV transportation system. Lack of study on this topic in India is the reason for a gap in consumer adoption and scientific research EVs. Filling that gap is the motive of this research overall, this project involves processes like design, analysis, fabrication and assembling of different components. Keywords: Electrical Vehicle, Adoption, Design, Analysis, Surveys.

Solar Charging of Electric Vehicles: Experimental Results

Sales of electric vehicles, for commercial use and personal use, keep rising. In parallel of the development of the associated Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure (EVCI), systems for controlling the charging of EVs will have to be developed in order to reduce the impact of such a development on the power grid. In this paper, we present a supervision system that controls the electric vehicle charging of employees of CEA Cadarache research center. The EVCI of Cadarache, set up in 2016, is constituted of more than 80 22-kW AC charging points spread over 30 zones. This EVCI currently supplies more than 376 vehicles including taxis, service vehicles as well as employees’ vehicles. This infrastructure is one of the largest private EVCIs in the region. The supervision system controls electric vehicle (EV) charging in real-time according to two objectives: respecting user preferences, by fully charging the EV battery, and synchronizing the power consumption of a fraction of the EVCI, i.e., 24 charging points, with the power production of a solar photovoltaic plant. This paper details the supervision system that is used to carry out these experiments and presents experimental results. These results show that it is technically feasible to increase (up to 60 percentage points) the self-production ratio while satisfying EV users.

Challenges of the UK government and industries regarding emission control after ICE vehicle bans

Over the last few decades, the annual air pollutants from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles have dropped significantly, benefiting from the implementation of strict emission regulations and the development of vehicle technology. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions from transport sectors contributed more than 32% and 12% of annual total emissions. Although hazardous exhaust emissions from ICE vehicles will be reduced after the bans on ICE vehicle sales in 2030, sustainable technology development of ICE vehicles is still necessary to meet the future challenges. After-treatment retrofitting technology and Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) are particularly important measures to deal with the deterioration of engines and after-treatment systems.

Research on the coordination of the power battery echelon utilization supply chain considering recycling outsourcing

In the year 2020, the cumulative production and sales of new energy vehicles in China have reached 1.366, and 1.367 million units, which have increased by 7.5% and 10.9% over the previous year. To solve the problem of used batteries, the power battery echelon use system has been proposed. This paper constructs a three-party game supply chain model for one battery manufacturer, one car manufacturer, and one third-party recycler to analyze the impact of the external environment on the supply chain and to a new coordination contract. The research results show that: the retail price of the high-capacity used battery always changes in the same direction as the retail price of the low-capacity used battery. The profit of the battery manufacturer and third-party recycler in the decentralized decision-making model is affected by the retail price of the low-capacity used battery, but the car manufacturers are not affected by it. With the increase in the retail price of the low-capacity used battery, the profits of the third-party recycler will be greater than that of the car manufacturer. The use of profit transfer contracts and the cost-sharing contract can coordinate the supply chain and increase the demand for automobiles and the actual recycling volume. Interestingly, for the third-party recycler, the smaller the cost-shared, the more additional benefits it will get. The actual recycling volume is mainly affected by the market environment.

Consumers’ attitudes and their effects on electric vehicle sales and charging infrastructure construction: An empirical study in China

There are close links and interactions among consumers' attitudes, the construction of charging infrastructure, and the diffusion of new energy vehicles (NEVs). This study focuses on consumers' sentient attitudes toward charging infrastructure and the effect of consumer attitudes toward the construction of charging piles and NEV sales using natural language processing technology and the panel vector autoregressive method. Consumers' sentient attitudes (i.e., positive, negative, and neutral) were inferred by analyzing consumer comments on charging infrastructure obtained from the internet. The key reasons for consumers' negative attitudes were further investigated, and the diversity in their attitudes was explored at the city level. The results show a growing concern for consumers about charging infrastructure since 2013. The overall satisfaction of consumers has constantly improved. The top pain points that cause consumers' negative attitudes are inconvenient charging, charging dilemmas, inability to install private charging piles, etc. Consumers' negative attitudes have a significantly positive impact on the charging piles’ construction. It also has a significantly negative impact on the sales of NEVs, but the effects are themselves short-term. Usually, the impact of negative attitudes is stronger than that of positive attitudes.