Vehicle Recalls Research Articles

The Effect of Information on Market Activity: Evidence from Vehicle Recalls

Abstract We evaluate the effect of vehicle recalls on vehicle transactions in the second-hand market. Using a rich data set of Dutch vehicle registrations, we exploit the quasiexperimental variation in recalls across nearly identical cars. We find strong heterogeneities across market segments: transactions increased for cars with lower listed price or with defects, and decreased for those with higher price or no defects. Based on our theoretical model, this suggests that recalls increase sorting in low-end markets, yet exacerbate adverse selection in high-end markets. Our results shed light on the effect of information arrival in markets subject to uncertainty and information asymmetries.

FIRE HAZARD OF HYBRID AND ELECTRICAND VEHICLES

In the following time, we received information from many countries of the world about accidents related to fires and explosions of motor vehicles with electric and hybrid vehicles. The popularity of such news is caused by the fact that accidents and fires of cars with internal combustion engines have long become commonplace, which do not attract the attention of the general public. However, many numerous and conducted scientific studies say about the danger of electric and hybrid vehicle models with lithium-ion batteries that they are greatly exaggerated, i.e., damage to the traction battery (battery) can cause a self-destructive chain reaction, but the degree the danger of electrolyte is less than that of gasoline or diesel fuel and much less than that of hydrogen fuel in hybrid modifications. The article examines the causes of the fire hazard of electric and hybrid cars and their consequences. Scientific reasons and innovations regarding the prevention and immediate elimination of short circuits, fires and explosions in the closed space of lithium-ion batteries during the operation of electric hybrid cars are provided. Electric vehicles and hybrids tend to suffer from traction battery technical and other issues. Although a battery flash is dangerous and more difficult to extinguish than a gas flash, the cause of the fire is usually different and these results are found in a defect in the battery pack: "ruptured anode" and "complex separator". The Hyundai Kona and Chevrolet Bolt EV had the most electric vehicle recalls related to fires this year, totaling 152,000 vehicles, while the top two hybrid recalls totaled more than 32,000 vehicles. A lithium-ion type of car catches fire usually not immediately, but after some time. This determines the driver and passengers to immediately leave the interior of the vehicle. When extinguishing a fire, there is a risk of damage to passengers, eyewitnesses and others who are near it by the electric current of high-voltage systems. It is recommended to get out of the interior of the car engulfed in fire and smoke in a timely manner and call the rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations by calling the emergency service. The main task of the firefighters who arrived in the city at the first stage of the event was to disconnect the high-voltage cable using an emergency disconnector or mechanically and to disconnect the high-voltage traction battery. Although the risk of flash in EVs and hybrids exists, it may be receiving a disproportionate amount of attention. It is important for car manufacturers to eliminate the risk of ignition in their vehicles as much as possible, but obviously no form of driving is completely safe. Keywords: hybrid and electricand car, fire, explosion, lithium-ion battery.

Upaya Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual Di Lingkungan Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

This study aims to determine the guarantee of the consumer protection institution foundation for consumer rights to the forced recall of vehicles. The research method used is an empirical legal research method using a descriptive approach and qualitative analysis techniques. The results of this study show that YLKI's role in guaranteeing consumer rights regarding the case of the forced withdrawal of motorized vehicles by the leasing party includes providing awareness to the public and providing advocacy and legal consultation for consumers who experience losses. On the first point In order to increase consumer awareness, LKY consistently strives to carry out community-based activities so that more and more people can find out about the materials or messages being disseminated to increase understanding and awareness of consumer rights. While providing advocacy and legal consultations for consumers who have experienced losses as an effort to fight for the rights of consumers who have suffered losses from finance companies. The two roles mentioned above are a form of guarantee of legal protection for consumers who experience losses.

Learning from failure: The implications of product recalls for firm innovation

AbstractExisting research provides contrasting perspectives on the implications of product recalls for firms. While some studies find that recalls represent failures that can motivate firms to innovate, others suggest that the resource‐intensive nature of recalls may inhibit firms from innovating. This study presents a theoretical framework that reconciles these two perspectives by proposing an inverted U‐shaped relationship between a firm's product recall frequency and innovation output. The paper also evaluates the effect of the firm's growth potential on the recall frequency–innovation relationship. Analysis of data on vehicle recalls and recall‐related patents in the automotive sector from 1980 to 2019 confirms the inverted U‐shaped relationship and shows that the relationship is steepened by the growth potential of the firm. Overall, the study presents a more nuanced understanding of learning from product recalls and bridges the supply chain disruption and innovation literature in the context of product recall.

Using Knowledge Graph Embedding for Fault Detection

Using Knowledge Graph Embedding for Fault Detection

Detecting Engine Anomalies Using Batteries

The automotive industry is increasingly deploying software solutions to provide value-added features for vehicles, especially in the era of vehicle electrification and automation. However, the ever-increasing cyber components of vehicles (i.e., computation, communication, and control) incur new risks of anomalies, as evident by the millions of vehicle recalls by different automakers. To mitigate these risks, we design the <monospace>B-Diag</monospace> , a battery-based diagnostic system detects engine anomalies with a cyber-physical approach. The core idea of <monospace>B-Diag</monospace> is to diagnose engines using the physically-induced correlations between battery voltage and engine variables, which is captured as a customized 3-layer correlation graph and a set of data-driven norm models describing the edges thereof. The design of <monospace>B-Diag</monospace> is steered by a dataset collected with a prototype system when driving a 2018 Subaru Crosstrek in real-life for over three months. Our evaluation shows <monospace>B-Diag</monospace> to detect anomalies of 17 engine variables with a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$&gt;$</tex-math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$86\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> (up to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$100\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> ) accuracy.

Smart OTA Scheduling for Connected Vehicles using Prescriptive Analytics and Deep Reinforcement Learning

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;OTA (over the air) updates help automotive manufacturers to reduce vehicle warranty and recall costs. Vehicle recall is expensive, and many automotive manufacturers have implemented OTA updates. Updating parameters for connected vehicles can be challenging when dealing with thousands of vehicles across different regions. For example, how does the manufacturer prioritise which vehicles need updating? Environmental and geographical factors affect degradation rates and vehicles in hotter regions or congested cities may degrade faster.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;For EVs, updating the BMS (battery management system) parameters requires careful analysis prior to the update being deployed, to maximise impact and reduce the likelihood of adverse behaviour being introduced. The analysis overhead increases with the number of vehicles. This is because it requires simulation and optimisation of the fleet BMS calibration in a digital twin environment. A targeted approach is the best option to prioritise vehicles for software updates.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Smart OTA scheduling makes use of predictive analytics for battery health prediction together with prescriptive analytics in a smart decision engine. The smart scheduling system uses a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agent in a digital twin environment. The DRL agent can learn and simulate different scenarios and identify the best update sequence depending on monthly temperature profile, traffic congestion, and many other factors to slow down the degradation of fleet health. Whenever there is an update, the DRL agent assesses the situation and recommends the appropriate action to minimise vehicle failures and maintain fleet health. In a large-scale simulation, this approach improved average fleet battery life by 8 to 13% and increased average vehicle range by 2%.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

An evolutionary game analysis of vehicle recall supervision considering the impact of public opinion

Government supervision on vehicle recall has become a social focus in recent years with the rapid development of the automobile industry and the growing impact of public opinion in the recall process. Motivated by this, we apply the evolutionary game approach to study the interaction between the automakers and the governments in their vehicle recall and supervision behaviors under the impact of public opinion. The equilibrium outcomes when public opinion exists or not are analyzed. We find that the governments may choose weak or strong supervision under no supervision of public opinion, but the automakers always choose hiding vehicle defects in stable states; and the players’ optimal strategies may exhibit periodic fluctuations over time. Under public opinion supervision, the automakers may choose voluntary recall regardless of whether the governments choose strong or weak supervision. With a high public opinion supervision and low penalty for hiding defects, the governments may choose strong supervision even with sufficiently high supervision cost. Furthermore, although the players’ behaviors may also exhibit periodic fluctuations given a certain level of public opinion, the system will converge to the desired stable states under which voluntary recall is optimal for the automakers as public opinion increases. Our study highlights the role of public opinion in the players’ product recall and supervision behaviors.

How the introduction of new regulatory forms shapes firm self-regulation in the US automobile industry

PurposeThe current research aims to explore how the implementation of new regulatory forms contributes to firm self-regulation.Design/methodology/approachLongitudinal analysis of firm-initiated product recalls for 15 manufacturers in the US automobile industry from 1966–2012.FindingsExamining firm-initiated product recalls for 15 manufacturers in the US automobile industry from 1966–2012 has several important findings regarding how the introduction of specific regulatory forms contributes to firm-initiated vehicle recalls. Firms are not likely to self-regulate in response to surveillance or standards-based regulation while information-based regulation results in a greater likelihood of firm self-regulation.Originality/valueThis result suggests that even at the product level; firms become increasingly motivated to self-regulate as regulators introduce information-based regulations.

Recall and Vehicle Characteristics Associated with Vehicle Repair Rates

Carfax (2018) estimates that 20% of U.S. vehicles that are on the road have outstanding recalls: they have a known defective part or design. Recalled vehicles represent future costs to manufacturers and pose safety risks to the public. Only two prior studies examine the determinants of recall completion rates—the percent of recalled vehicles that are repaired—and both use cross-sectional data from the 1980s. This paper uses panel data on 677 U.S. vehicle recall campaigns from 2006 to 2015 to identify the correlates of completion rates for the Detroit 3 and the three largest foreign vehicle manufacturers. In addition to using more recent data, we include variables that were not previously examined: multiple recalls, vehicle type, and reporting period. The analysis confirms the earlier finding that domestic manufacturers’ completion rates exceed those of the foreign producers. We also observe higher completion rates on recalls for severe defects, on vehicles under multiple recalls, and on luxury vehicles. In contrast, older vehicles and trucks exhibit lower recall completion rates. The observed patterns in recall completion rates suggest that refinements in how manufacturers estimate recall costs in the litigation process and in strategies to improve completion rates are possible.

A comparison of motor vehicle recalls between Brazil and Germany: different approaches and results

Failures during the product development process can lead to problems in product quality and reliability, which in turn can cause serious harm to its end-users. When such failures are discovered after a vehicle is already in usage, a safety recall is required, which can incur in potential damage and losses to brand image. Recall rates of multinational companies can be affected by regional law enforcement and quality requirements of local governments. Despite its importance for the safety of end-users, the automotive vehicle recall process in Brazil is little studied by the academy. The main objective of this project was to collect data and clarify how the automotive vehicle recall process is carried out in Brazil and how it could be improved by comparing it with Germany, a country with very advanced regulations in this sector and with a fleet of vehicles similar to that of Brazil. To achieve this goal, the work provided an overview of the available data in both countries, developed a scalable method for comparing recall rates and an analysis of recall rates of the main OEMs in operation. The work concludes using this data to draw insights on how these processes can be improved.

Understanding the Non-Collision Related Battery Safety Risks in Electric Vehicles a Case Study in Electric Vehicle Recalls and the LG Chem Battery

Electric vehicles (EV) are considered the future of the automobile industry due to their high energy conversion efficiency and environmental friendliness. However, there are safety risks associated with Li-ion batteries, including the potential for fires and explosions. This paper reviews the challenges facing the electric vehicle market regarding the implementation of Li-ion batteries. It then presents two case studies of electric vehicles that experienced safety-related recalls which were not associated with vehicle collisions. For comparison, a history of Li-ion battery safety issues from the same brand in other applications than EV and the company's reactions are provided. The case study and review of issues in other applications show a lack of consideration for customer safety, amplified by the additional risk used in an EV. The paper then explores corrective actions performed and analyzes how the actions will not address the root cause; additionally, contributing to a performance reduction. Recommended corrective actions for future implementation of EV batteries are provided.

Accommodative Versus Defensive Vehicle Recall after a Product Safety Issue: An Institutional Perspective

Accommodative Versus Defensive Vehicle Recall after a Product Safety Issue: An Institutional Perspective

Spillover effect in supplier related product recall: the impact of supplier COO on product evaluations

ABSTRACT Research has shown that supplier quality can lead to brand quality failures. However, what is not clear is whether a supplier’s country of origin (COO) plays a role in the evaluations of manufacturer brands after a recall is initiated. In this paper, through the lens of resource advantage (R-A) theory, we empirically examine whether a supplier’s COO hurts or helps the vehicle brand when a supplier is blamed during a vehicle recall event. R-A theory suggests that high brand quality can enhance competitive advantage for a firm. Through an experimental study, we find that high brand quality can override the spillover effect of COO after a product recall. However, the severity of a recall can nullify the impact of high brand quality.

Classification Scheme for Root Cause and Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) of Passenger Vehicle Recalls

This study analysed 345 passenger vehicle recalls that were reported to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The root cause analysis was applied to analyse each recall event in order to derive the cause of the recall, i.e., the defect type. Classification schemes were developed to organize the defective components and defect type into useful categories. The defect types were classified into manufacturing defects, design flaws, and mislabelling. Each of the above categories was expanded into smaller subcategories and items. Following the root cause analysis, the functional block diagram, and failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) were applied to translate defective recall cases into FMEA tabular statements. Cramer's V and Phi coefficient analyses were applied to identify significant associations between defective components and defect types to prevent the future recurrence of recalls and improve vehicle quality. This study demonstrated that root cause and FMEA, based on an orthogonal classification scheme, can be applied to derive feasible solutions for reducing vehicle safety recalls, and such analysis can be generalized to other products or manufacturing processes.

Sensemaking Corporate Social Responsibility, Reflexive Organisational Change and Moral Transpose, the Case of Volkswagen ‘Diesel Dupe’ Crisis

The world has witnessed corporate scandals of monstrosity magnitude. The Enron Scandal, the Nike Sweatshop scandal and the recent Johnson and Johnson baby talc in 2018 are some dishonors that reshaped the business world and reinvigorated the importance of business ethics. Indeed, supranational and national movements such as the Global Reporting Initiatives have responded to these scandals by imposing stricter corporate reporting to instill greater transparency and corporate responsibility. Ironically, despite unwavering efforts, corporations are still blatantly flouting regulations. The Volkswagen &amp;ldquo;diesel dupe&amp;rdquo; crisis is a stark reminder of the inherent weakness of current regulations. Despite Volkswagen&amp;rsquo;s staunch adherence to those stringent reporting guidelines, they breached ethics to the core, creating a tsunami of vehicle recalls, massive social, political and legal repercussions. Volkswagen&amp;rsquo;s cheat device is a &amp;lsquo;creative destruction&amp;rsquo; that challenged the fundamental usefulness of corporate reporting. Corporate social responsibility has evolved tremendously, now taking the form of positivistic reporting patterns. Corporations are measured by their ecological, social and economic performance where they flamboyantly table those data and information to garner stakeholders&amp;rsquo; support and legitimacy. However, a pragmatic approach towards corporate social responsibility is self-defeating. It erodes and dilutes a corporation&amp;rsquo;s ability to make sense, communicate and adapt to their externalities. Instead, corporations boast of their corporate prowess and triple bottom line. Using Volkswagen as a subject, this paper exposes the inherent weaknesses of a positivistic corporate reporting approach to social responsibility. A positivistic approach such as this cannot engender a truthful, honest and open posture in business corporations. Instead, this paper exemplifies that a meaningful sensemaking corporate social responsibility instills reflexive organisation change and moral transpose within corporations. This paper underlines this reflexive organisational change and moral transpose in Volkswagen as they encounter the diesel crisis. This study is novel and greatly enhances previous literatures in corporate social responsibility by instilling an appropriate model to underline these momentous reflexive organisational changes and moral transformations in Volkswagen.

VDRF: Sensing the defect information to risk level of vehicle recall based on bert communication model

The recall of defective automobile products is one of the important measures to promote the quality of product quality and protect consumers' pyhsical safety and property security. In order to assess the risk level of defect cases, automobile recall management experts need to analyze and discuss the defect information by personal. A risk level prediction method based on language pre-training Bert model is proposed in this paper, which can transform the defect information into rick level of the vehicle and then predict vehicle recall automatically, in which a seq2seq model is proposed to multi-label the vehicle complaint data. The outputs of the seq2seq model combined with other static and dynamic information are used as the input of the Bert communication model. Substantial comparative experiments of different feature combinations on different methods show that the proposed VDRF method achieves F1 value with 79% in vehicle recall risk prediction, which outperforms the traditional method.

The Effect of Information on Market Activity; Evidence from Vehicle Recalls

The Effect of Information on Market Activity; Evidence from Vehicle Recalls

The Effect of Information on Market Activity; Evidence From Vehicle Recalls

The Effect of Information on Market Activity; Evidence From Vehicle Recalls

Effective Trace Acquirement during Product Information Diffusion and Application

Information dissemination has become part of people’s daily communication and there is great interest for both academic and industrial communities. Most previous studies have focused on the strategy and mechanisms. The methods controlling the process of information diffusion have rarely been studied. Thus, previous studies have failed to effectively mine the value of product information diffusion on social networks. In this study, based on the information diffusion product in consumer self-organized social networks, the control of the product information diffusion process was explored. The node identification principle of the QR code sender designed in this study and the linked list that associated information with specific nodes allowed the acquisition of effective traces in long-chain transmission from the information source to the value nodes, and solved user information disclosure during the transmission process. This method was applied to the tracing system of defective vehicles, achieving accurate recall of defective vehicles.