Vehicle Queue Research Articles

Optimization Control of Adaptive Traffic Signal with Deep Reinforcement Learning

The optimization and control of traffic signals is very important for logistics transportation. It not only improves the operational efficiency and safety of road traffic, but also conforms to the direction of the intelligent, green, and sustainable development of modern cities. In order to improve the optimization effect of traffic signal control, this paper proposes a traffic signal optimization method based on deep reinforcement learning and Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) software for urban traffic scenarios. The intersection training scenario was established using SUMO micro traffic simulation software, and the maximum vehicle queue length and vehicle queue time were selected as performance evaluation indicators. In order to be more relevant to the real environment, the experiment uses Weibull distribution to simulate vehicle generation. Since deep reinforcement learning takes into account both perceptual and decision-making capabilities, this study proposes a traffic signal optimization control model based on the deep reinforcement learning Deep Q Network (DQN) algorithm by considering the realism and complexity of traffic intersections, and first uses the DQN algorithm to train the model in a training scenario. After that, the G-DQN (Grouping-DQN) algorithm is proposed to address the problems that the definition of states in existing studies cannot accurately represent the traffic states and the slow convergence of neural networks. Finally, the performance of the G-DQN algorithm model was compared with the original DQN algorithm model and Advantage Actor-Critic (A2C) algorithm model. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm increased the main indicators in all aspects.

Generalising cases of insensitive queuing city traffic management systems and their impact on the delivery of goods by air and road

It is established that the urban traffic management system, as well as the aviation traffic management system, has a significant impact on the multimodal delivery of goods in the road-air transport, which requires the creation of tools for theoretical substantiation and practical implementation. The authors� method of determination the occurrence of vehicles queues in cities using mathematical modelling tools for three scenarios of crossing intersections was developed. The conceptual scheme for calculating the occurrence of the queue of vehicles was proposed. It was noted that vehicles in the queue often arrive randomly, the duration of service is constant, and the probability that before the queue disappears for the first time a certain number of cars cross the intersection has a Borel-Tanner distribution. The given mathematical modelling should become a part of tools for the implementation of the integrated intelligent information system of cities as a cluster of the city traffic management system.

Research on Big Data Traffic Congestion Analysis and Judgement Platform Technology

Due to the lack of peak intersection congestion coordination control strategy, at present, most of the points during the peak period of the urban area only fixed cycle control, can not sense the downstream intersection queuing length in time, resulting in the downstream congestion is still normal release, so that part of the vehicle into the intersection queue, in the cross-direction before the release of the intersection can not be timely driven out of the intersection, affecting the cross-release of the vehicle traffic, resulting in intersection blockage. In the platform to introduce the peak intersection congestion coordination control strategy to reduce the length of vehicle queues to ease peak congestion, the platform is mainly responsible for congestion analysis, indicator calculation, traffic research and judgement can be found in the real-time environment of the congestion and the formulation of countermeasures to support the signal control, traffic organisation, police scheduling and so on.

The Effect of Lateral Offset Distance on the Aerodynamics and Fuel Economy of Vehicle Queues

The Effect of Lateral Offset Distance on the Aerodynamics and Fuel Economy of Vehicle Queues

Analysis Of Apal Cue Time, Queue Length, And Delay Using Pkji 2023

The intersection of Kyai Haji Wahid Hasyim and Mataram Sewer Inspection Road, Dabag, Condongcatur, Depok District, Seman Regency, Yogyakarta. Initial observations show that the intersection is often congested due to heavy traffic flow, especially during peak hours. Congestion in the city of Yogyakarta, especially the sleman district, is unavoidable, especially at intersection points both on protocol roads and on small roads. This congestion can result in losses for road users such as reduced vehicle speed, increased waiting time, increased vehicle queues, and decreased environmental quality. to reduce this congestion, researchers analyzed the time of the apill signal, queue length, and delay so that the congestion could be resolved. Determine the right alternative to solve the problems contained in the intersection. Primary data collection was carried out in the field for seven days with peak hours in the morning at 07.00-08.00 WIB and in the afternoon at 16.30-17.30 WIB using CCTV as a traffic volume data counter. Traffic light signal data is obtained in the field by counting each approach. Secondary data used is obtained from the Population-related Service Agency such as the Central Bureau of Statistics. The data obtained is then analyzed using the Indonesian Road Capacity Guidelines 2023 (PKJI 2023) Signalized Intersection method. The highest capacity analysis results on October 02, 2023 with a vehicle volume of 2539 kend / hour. With the result time of all red time north direction 1 second, south direction 1.09 seconds, east direction 0.43 seconds, west direction 0.42 seconds. and green time lost a total of 17 seconds. Queue length in the north direction 160.19m, in the south direction 186.96m, in the east direction 54.48m, in the west direction 115.3m. Delay in the north direction 71.45 seconds. In the south direction 72.4 seconds, in the east direction 59.56 seconds, in the west direction 60.66 seconds.

Impact of pedestrian flows on traffic delays before roundabouts

The paper examines a roundabout located in a residential district of Lviv city. The area has many attraction points, so traffic and pedestrian flow volumes are large. All approaches to the roundabout have unsignalized pedestrian crosswalks, three of which lack safety islands. Field studies were conducted on peak and off-peak periods, collecting primary indicators of traffic and pedestrian flows. Traffic flow delays were determined on the approaches to the roundabout under existing traffic conditions with the help of the PTV VISSIM software. Three options were proposed for arranging pedestrian crosswalks on approaches to the roundabout. The first option was an arrangement of safety islands on all pedestrian crosswalks. The second option was an arrangement of underground pedestrian crosswalks. The third option was the implementation of adapting traffic light control with a call button for pedestrians. Traffic simulation was carried out for all three proposed options with the finding of the delay per vehicle and the values of the average and maximum length of the queue of vehicles on the approaches to the roundabout. All three options showed better results of traffic delay than existing conditions. However, there were delays caused by the traffic flow itself. These delays are seen in the results of the simulation of option two. Traffic delays are the smallest at this option. Option one showed the highest values of traffic delays in comparison with the other two options. The advantages and disadvantages of each option for arranging pedestrian crosswalks are determined. Recommendations are given regarding the feasibility of locating various types of pedestrian crosswalks on the approaches to the roundabout. Given the research results, the best option from the view of traffic and pedestrian flows, their delays and safety is the third one.

SIMULATION OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND ENGINEERING TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE FIVE POINT INTERSECTION ON JALAN KEPUTIH SURABAYA

The five-point intersection on Keputih Street is one of the unsignaled intersections in the city of Surabaya with traffic problems. At certain times, especially rush hour, traffic problems will occur. At 07.00 WIB it was seen that several drivers were trying to cut through the traffic jam by squeezing in between other vehicles, this was done by road users to avoid long queues of vehicles. Queues can be approximately 1.2km long and the surrounding existing conditions are commercial or shopping areas, housing with several sides of the road used as a means for vehicles to stop or park as an additional congestion factor. Thus, there is a need for management planning and traffic engineering to improve the quality of intersections in serving road users. The method used for data analysis is based on existing data obtained directly from the field and processed according to PKJI 2023. The results obtained were that the degree of saturation at the intersection was much different before and after the traffic engineering planning was carried out. Projection results with the installation of traffic light signs and geometric widening of Keputih Tegal, the degree of saturation value obtained was 0.78 where previously DJ = 0.98 0.85. Keywords: Management and Traffic Engineering; PKJI 2023; Delay; Five-point Unsignalized Intersection in Keputih Surabaya.

Multi‐criteria evolutionary optimization of a traffic light using genetics algorithm and teaching‐learning based optimization

AbstractToday, the development of urbanization and increasing the number of vehicles has resulted in displeased consequences like traffic congestion and vehicle queuing. The vast majority of countries in the world encounter the challenge of the explosive rise in traffic demand. In this regard, it is necessary to meet traffic demand in transport networks, especially in metropolitans. In traffic management and shortening the trip duration, traffic lights on the signalized intersections play an essential role in urban pathways. This work provides a multi‐criteria decision‐making method for optimum traffic light control in an isolated corner. The main idea involves establishing a set of sub‐optimal solutions for traffic light timing and selecting the best one among the diverse solutions. We have mathematically modelled the problem as an optimization problem to achieve an optimal solution with less waiting time for vehicles in intersections and the lowest cost. Genetic algorithm (GA) and Teaching‐Learning‐based Optimization (TLBO) are utilized for each phase to create a set of suitable timing scenarios. The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is used to identify the best scenario, considering both waiting vehicles and traffic capacity as decision criteria. Its efficiency has been demonstrated over three different traffic volumes. Also, in a real‐world implementation, its practical capability has been approved at a crossroads in Mashhad, Iran. The simulations indicate the improvement in the number of vehicles waiting behind the crossroad and the traffic capacity by 10% and 6.76% compared to the existing signal timing of the studied intersection, respectively.

CROSSING SPEEDS OF CARS THROUGH SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS

The article deals with the problem of traffic in three traffic-light intersections in the street network of Iasi city. Usually, the existing traffic lights do not fully take into account the size, structure and parameters of the queue of vehicles waiting at intersections; which in turn affects the traffic capacity of the intersection. In the study, we used a representative set of measurements taken at the three intersections to interpret the variation in the crossing speeds of the traffic light intersection space by the vehicle columns using the linear regression method. We studied several categories of vehicles queuing before the stop line at the intersection. We made a statistical analysis of the time taken to cross three intersections by vehicles in different starting positions. The main results of the research showed estimates in good agreement with observational data as well as a significant reduction in vehicle speed (to 58%) when there are different categories of vehicles queuing at the intersection. This study can be used in the urban traffic diagnosis method, being part of a traffic study together with urban traffic forecasting and therapy.

Analisa Kinerja Simpang Bersinyal di Kota Jambi

Traffic control at intersections with a high volume of vehicle traffic requires regulation with traffic lights. With the regulation using traffic lights, it is hoped that it can reduce the number of queues experienced by vehicles, compared to those that do not use traffic lights. One of the intersections located in the Jambi City area which is equipped with vehicle traffic control using traffic lights is Hajj Dormitory Intersection. This intersection is a confluence of four arms of the road namely, Jl. H. Agus Salim – Jl. H. Adam Malik – Jl. H. Yunus Sanis – Jl. H. A. Roni Sani, located in the Handil Jaya Village area, Jelutung District, Jambi City. This intersection is a connecting road between regions including; office areas, shops, schools, markets, hospitals, campuses, tourist attractions, settlements, and various other destinations. At these intersections often experience traffic congestion problems, especially during the morning rush hour, afternoon rush hour and evening rush hour. This problem can be seen from the long queue of vehicles that occur. This study aims to analyze the traffic performance of the intersection, as well as obtain the service level of the existing intersection at the intersection of the Hajj Dormitory in Jambi City. The method used in calculating the analysis uses the 2014 Indonesian Road Capacity Guidelines for the capacity of the APILL intersection. The results of the study obtained several conclusions in the form of (1) the performance of the Jambi City Hajj Dormitory intersection, the existing conditions work less than optimally in serving the existing vehicle traffic flow, where the delay value that occurs is greater than 60 seconds/skr for all approaches. For Jl. H. Agus Salim the delay value is 74 seconds/skr and the queue length is 144 meters, Jl. H. Adam Malik delay value of 106 seconds/skr and queue length of 156 meters, Jl. H. Yunus Sanis the delay value is 134 seconds/skr and the queue length is 140 meters, and Jl. H. A. Roni Sani has a delay value of 228 seconds/skr and a queue length of 166 meters. (2) The service level for all approaches is F, where the delay value is greater than 60 seconds/skr. With an average intersection delay value of 116 sec/skr, the level of service F.

How Motor Vehicles Affect Air Pollution in Erzurum Centre?

When pollutants in air are high in concentration and in duration air pollution occurs so as to give harm to human beings, animals and plants. The main reason of air pollution is human activities; especially motor vehicles are accepted as the main source of air pollution. The comfort that the technology provides the people makes the motor vehicles an indispensable part of our life, so the number of motor vehicles is increasing day by day. With the increase of vehicles in number, vehicle queues occur on the ways, especially on the signalized junctions. Because of the geographical position of Erzurum, the winters are cold and last long. Also because of the high altitude, in winters the average heat is low and besides that the percentage of O2 falls to 16,5. This causes incomplete combustion both in the stationary combustion processes and in the motor engines. As a result of this the amount of the pollutants like HC and CO is increasing. In this study, the effects of the geographical position and the meteorological peculiarities of Erzurum on the pollutants emitted by motor vehicles are examined. For this the exhaust gaseous emission measurements of 30370 motor vehicles made in various months are inspected statistically. The main result of these statistical analyses is that the pollutants like CO and HC are raising the maximum concentration in the older model vehicles. The main reason of this is the converter usage in the newer model vehicles.

Pengaruh Antrean Dan Tundaan Kendaraan Terhadap Penggunaan Bahan Bakar Pengoperasian Palang Pintu Kereta

Transportation is the movement of people or goods using tools or vehicles from the place of origin to the destination. A level crossing is a meeting or intersection of a road with a railroad. Closing the doorstop causes the flow of traffic on the road to stop until the train passes which results in queues and vehicle delays which have an impact on fuel consumtion. This study aims to determine queues, vehicle delays and their effect on fuel use.This study uses a quantitative method with data obtained from the field, namely closing duration data, vehicle queue duration data, queue length data and vehicle volume data. data were obtained from the field for 7 days and the 3 busiest days were selected, namely Monday, Wednesday and Saturday, then analyzed using multiple linear regression.Based on the analysis, the average queue length of vehicles at level crossings on Jl. Hayam Wuruk on Monday is 71.368 m, Wednesday is 68.263 meters, and Saturday is 79.947 m. Data on average vehicle delays at level crossings on Jl. Hayam Wuruk on Monday was 281 seconds, Wednesday was 211 meters, and Saturday was 238.453 seconds. The ATIS – India method of the fuel use equation model is Y = - 0.717 + 0.005 X1 + 0.003 X2.

Minimizing Intersection Waiting Time: Proposal of a Queue Network Model Using Kendall’s Notation in Panama City

The paper presents a proposed queuing model based on Kendall’s notation for the intersection of two streets in Panama City (53 East and 56 East). The proposed model is based on a set of traffic lights that controls the flow of vehicles at the intersection according to a predetermined schedule. The model analyzes the stability of the system and simulations are performed to evaluate its performance. The main objective of the paper is to optimize the vehicle flow by minimizing the waiting time for passage. In the study, it was observed that the current traffic light system on Calle 50 (50th Street) is unstable and oversaturated during weekdays, which generates large vehicle queues with no estimated exit times. It was proposed to increase the system capacity to 1300 vehicles per hour to achieve reasonable stability and provide a solution to improve traffic signal timing on 50th Street. The need to increase the system capacity has been demonstrated and an optimal value has been suggested. The evaluation of other models and the use of AI can further strengthen the system and improve the prediction accuracy in different traffic scenarios.

Impact of Roundabout Metering on the Operational Performance of Roundabout: A Case Study of Jawalakhel, Nepal

Roundabout is a type of intersection which improves efficiency and safety performance compared to other types of intersection. Jawalakhel roundabout serves to minimize the resulting conflict between the vehicles; however, due to increasing vehicular movements it is facing challenges like delay, poor level of service and traffic congestion. Classified traffic volume study through videographic survey is carried out and the volume is converted to passenger car unit at morning and evening peak period. SIDRA intersection V 8.0 was used for simulation and analysis of intersection’s performance. The performance is accessed in terms of delay, degree of saturation, level of service & 95% of queue vehicles were calculated for existing condition. As the operational performance was found unsatisfactory with level of service F; alternatives were considered. Among alternatives, roundabout metering on two approaches was adopted and their respective impact on the operational performance was analyzed. The overall roundabout improvement was not observed on two alternates of roundabout metering.

Road Safety Criteria for Mid-Block Pedestrian Crossing Facility and Application of ITS Technologies

This paper describes an attempt made to evaluate the pedestrian's road crossing facility at midblock to relate with pedestrian road crossing behaviour and identify the variables influencing pedestrian road crossing decisions. The decision of pedestrians on road crossing depends on many other elements like yielding behaviour of a driver, vehicle speed, roadway width, traffic volume etc. Pedestrians road crossing data collected through videographic survey at Kozhikode city, Kerala, India were used to evaluate the pedestrian crossing facility. Regression model has been developed considering the pedestrian waiting time as dependent variable and vehicle speed and volume as independent variable. Further, a computational tool is developed to derive suitable criteria for regulating the number of pedestrian phases based on the percentage of vehicles in the queue formation for varying levels of interruptions and vehicle arrival rate. The criteria has been derived such that the negative force exerted by vehicles and drivers during pedestrian road crossing to a minimum level, through the implementation of signal control using Intelligent Transport System (ITS) technologies. Further, the queuing analysis results helps to identify the criteria for proposing grade-separated crossing based on the threshold value of the percentage of vehicles in the queue formation. From the queuing analysis, it was found that, the percentage of vehicle in queue has been increased from 19.44% to 38.89% for the arrival rate of 1200v/h when the number of pedestrian interruptions per hour is increased from 20 to 40. Also, it is observed that when the arrival rate increases from 1200 to 1800 v/h the percentage of vehicle in queue increases 19.44% to 77.78% for 20 number of pedestrian interruptions. The prediction tool developed may help the transportation policymakers and highway officials to evaluate the field conditions and to identify suitable control measures for the pedestrian facility with improved pedestrian safety and vehicular traffic efficiency.

Modelling Method on Dynamic Optimal Setting and Associated Control for Intermittent Bus Lane

A new type of dynamic bus lane not only ensures the strategy of bus priority but also significantly improves the spatiotemporal utilization of road resources and reduces the conflicting demands of buses and social vehicles on road resources. Firstly, the heterogeneity of bus arrival time is analysed according to the process of aggregation and dissipation of vehicle queues at intersections. Considering the correlation between the operating states of social vehicles and buses, a dynamic control strategy for bus lane based on the insertable interval of social vehicles is established. Secondly, combining the setting conditions of the intermittent bus lane control area with the correlation scenario of signal control at intersections and then according to the HCM 2010 vehicle delay equation and the BPR function, the associated optimized control model with the minimum total travel time consumption of the road section as the objective function is constructed. The global optimal control of the intermittent bus lane is realized through the computational experiment. Finally, the setting conditions and benefits of three lane organization schemes (including intersect (i.e., no bus priority), parallel, and intermittent bus lanes) are compared and analysed through case study. The results indicate that the intermittent priority bus lanes have opening hours, which can not only ensure bus priority but also expand the right way for social vehicles and make full use of road space resources, thus improving the overall traffic efficiency.

Perancangan Prototype Sistem Lampu Lalu Lintas Otomatis dengan Penjejakan Kendaraan Menggunakan Motion Detection-Blob dan Pengontrolan Berbasis Fuzzy Logic Control

The purpose of this study is to describe the design of a prototype of an automatic traffic system with vehicle tracking using motion detection dlob and fuzzy logic control based control. Data collection techniques in this study used library research and laboratory research. The research was carried out by processing the data obtained by the author, data collection was carried out from March 2023. Based on the results and discussion it can be concluded that the calculation to obtain the traffic light signal time can be carried out by utilizing the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox found in Matlab computer program, and the performance generated by using Fuzzy logic theory has a smaller delay of 9.02 seconds. The duration of the green light generated by fuzzy logic corresponds to the volume of vehicles both in terms of vehicle arrivals and in terms of vehicle queues. The minimum value for the duration of the green light is 0 seconds and the maximum value is 15 seconds.

Cooperative control of multiple intersections combining agent and chaotic particle swarm optimization

The regional intersection can be regarded as an agent model, that should be controlled and optimized. The traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm has been enhanced through optimization techniques and the inclusion of chaos algorithms and agent interactive and cooperative control technology, resulting in the development of a chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm. Multi-agent is applied to the collaborative control of intersections to realize the collaborative decision-making of multi-intersections. The state and action of intersection signal control agent are defined to reduce the dimension of state-action space and speed up the convergence rate. The proposed method takes vehicle delay, vehicle queue length and regional access ratio as optimization objectives, implements regional traffic signal control strategy and improves overall traffic efficiency. By constructing a simulation environment based on Paramics software, the effectiveness of the regional traffic signal control method based on chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm is verified, and the convergence efficiency and signal timing optimization have interactive effects.

Sosialisasi Penggunaan Software Vissim Untuk Menganalisis Dampak Pembangunan Gedung Terhadap Kinerja Lalu Lintas

The targets in this PkM activity are our partners, namely DTKJ, policy-making agencies and the public using transportation so that it can run more optimally. Transportation is a very important and strategic tool in accelerating the wheels of the economy, strengthening unity and integrity and affecting all aspects of national and state life. In Jakarta, the unresolved transportation problem is congestion, especially at certain points which are meeting centers from various directions, so it is very important to have signposted intersections to avoid conflicts that occur on the roads. Therefore, it is necessary to have a more in-depth study in determining the capacity of the road, the length of the vehicle queue, the estimated traffic volume, and the level of road service. Therefore, an assessment was carried out using the Vissim software where the assessment can be carried out with 3D simulation which will make it easier to analyze a road section and be able to find out the actual conditions that occur on that road segment. This PkM activity succeeded in introducing Socialization of the use of Vissim software which has not widely known by many people and providing an understanding of what Vissim simulation.

Simulation of turning traffic at a controlled inter-section

Problem. Optimizing the parameters of traffic light regulation can reduce delays and queues of vehicles, increase the throughput of intersections, and thus increase the quality of the functioning of the city's transport network. This question is especially relevant for Ukraine, because in these conditions it is impossible to carry out a significant modernization of the city's transport network, but within the framework of the post-war reconstruction of the city, it is possible to carry out the improvement of the geometric parameters of the intersection. However, among all the factors that affect the throughput of a regulated intersection, in the scientific literature and normative documents, insufficient attention is paid to the geometrical parameters of the intersection itself. Goal. The geometric parameters of the intersection first of all affect the characteristics of the movement of the selected rotating streams, and through this - the saturation of the stream. Therefore, it is of interest to simulate the movement of turning traffic at an intersection and compare the results with empirical models. Methodology. To estimate the permeability of the selected turning lanes, the correction of the ideal saturation flow is most often used with coefficients, the values ​​of which are either calculated depending on the geometric parameters of the intersection (for example, F. Webster's methodology), or are taken as constant (Posіbnik НСМ 2000). The flow saturation value for the selected turning lane was also calculated taking into account the minimum safe distance of the vehicles in the traffic flow. It is shown that these methods give different values ​​of flow saturation. Results. To check the degree of influence of the rotary flow traffic radius on the flow saturation of the selected traffic, simulation modeling of the robot of the conditional adjustable intersection was carried out in the program PTV VISSIM. The parameters of the model were chosen in such a way that a sufficiently long queue was released before the stop line. In the process of imitation, after turning on the green signal, the virtual detector fixed the number of cars that passed through the dedicated right-turn lane. Practical value. The results showed that for selected turning lanes, the saturation flow increases with an increase in the radius of the turning flow trajectory, which corresponds to the classical formula of F. Webster, when the radius value is up to 15 m. Therefore, adjusting the saturation flow for selected turning flows is appropriate this time. When the flow moves along a path with a larger radius, the saturation flow does not depend on the geometry of the intersection.