Vehicle Manufacturers Research Articles

Determination of the Reliability of Urban Electric Transport Running Autonomously through Diagnostic Parameters

The urban transport network involves complex processes, operating 24 h a day and 365 days a year. The sustainable development of the urban transport network using electric buses and trolleybuses that run autonomously is an urgent task since the transport network performs integral social functions and is the transport artery of any urban center. The social and economic life of a city as a whole depends on the reliability of the transportation network. A theory is proposed for the technical and economic evaluation of reliability improvement in electric buses and trolleybuses running autonomously, which enables the determination of the reliability parameters of electric buses and forecasts for the future from the point of view of optimal economic costs for the operation of electric equipment in electric buses. As a result of the application of the proposed theory, it was found that increasing the reliability of the transportation fleet can lead to a decrease in both specific operating costs and capital investments in the development of the fleet. This is achieved as a result of increasing the annual productivity of vehicles by reducing the time they are out of service to eliminate the consequences of failures and carry out maintenance and repair. The conducted experiments confirmed that the theory and methodology of optimal reliability level selection not only enable the rational use of the material resources of the urban transport network but also the release of funds for its scientific and technical development by reducing the number of failures in the electrical equipment of transport systems by 14%.

Comparative assessment of energy efficiency indicators of a multi-fuel internal combustion vehicle and an electric vehicle

In the current discussions on the future of the automotive industry, two extreme opinions clash: electromobility or vehicles with conventional drive but powered by alternative fuels. The article discusses the issue related to modeling the energy efficiency factors of a combustion engine operating on three types of fuels (Diesel 100%, Biofuel 100%, and Hemp Oil 100%) as well as an electric drive powered by energy from a coal power plant. Analytical research was conducted based on the external characteristics of the engine's performance. The external characteristic of the Fiat Panda 1.3 JTD combustion engine was obtained on the Automex dynamometer. The engine operated on three fuels: Diesel 100%, Biofuel 100% (rapeseed), and Biofuel 100% (hemp oil). The Nissan Leaf vehicle manufacturer provided the external characteristics of the electric engine. The calculation results showed that the combustion engine consumes less energy at lower speeds than the electric one. At higher speeds, the consumption rates are at a similar level. The recipients of the research are both the demand side – that is, vehicle users, as well as future manufacturers and government institutions responsible for shaping and developing future mobility in the field of individual transport.

Winner: Porsche

Dynamics Team of the Year From developing dynamics innovations to applying them to production vehicles, this category recognises the work of OEM and consultancy dynamics teams around the world

Analyzing the Challenges of BYD in the Future Based on the Current Electric Vehicle Market Situation

Global new energy vehicle (NEV) technology is developing rapidly. There is an increasing preference for pure electric vehicles in urban areas, driven by environmental awareness and vehicle cost considerations. It is worth noting that the adoption rate of new energy vehicles in China has increased significantly, making it a key market for sustainable transportation. Among the major players in the market, BYD is a well-known brand based on its strong battery technology and successful foray into electric vehicle production, topping the list of energy vehicle sales in China. However, while BYD has achieved success, it is also facing challenges in the future. The purpose of this study was to explore how BYD can maintain its sales dominance in the Chinese market and to provide key insights and strategic recommendations to further expand its global market share. This article examined foreseeable and unforeseen market changes, with particular emphasis on addressing issues related to market competition, charging infrastructure, and government policy. For the above three issues, this paper gave suggestions such as emphasizing product differentiation and increasing R&D investment, cooperating with the government, and establishing a solid relationship with policymakers and industry associations. By identifying and addressing these challenges, this study aimed to contribute to BYD's sustainable growth and success in the dynamic new energy vehicle industry.

Addressing challenges in electric vehicle production

AbstractThe electric mobility (e‐mobility) revolution is upon us, driven by the imperative need to reduce carbon emissions, navigate evolving political landscapes, and meet societal expectations.

Addressing challenges in electric vehicle production

Addressing challenges in electric vehicle production

A Comparative Study on IoT Based Traffic Management System

Abstract: The continuous growth of the global population has led to a rapid increase in vehicle production, resulting in an exponential growth of vehicles on the roads. This surge contributes to severe traffic congestion, particularly during peak rush hours in metropolitan cities. Urban planners, city officials, and researchers are increasingly concerned about effective traffic management to ensure safety and economic efficiency. Addressing this issue, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) integrate existing technology with current infrastructure to alleviate congestion. This paper focuses on a comparative study of various traffic control methods, specifically the Traffic Light System (TLS), which includes Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), dynamic and static TLS, and the Internet of Things (IoT).

Exploring the Potential of Virtual Environment for Electric Vehicle: Study Case and Sound Quality Performance

The consequent growth in the production and deployment of electric vehicles (EV), has urged a reassessment of the interior sound experience for these vehicles. To address the issue, this research employs a virtual environment (VE) with a circular array of eight loudspeakers and visual projection to recreate the soundscape of the EV cabin. The validity of the simulator is evaluated by respondents both in the real cabin and VE. Two stimuli were reproduced in VE: 1. Stimuli with the same sound pressure level (SPL) as the cabin, 2. Stimuli's SPL is lowered by 9.5 dB. Data shows that by reducing the SPL, VE implied a closer perception of the real cabin soundscape. Furthermore, T-test and Pairwise Comparisons results indicate that the VE is able to reconstruct several perception parameters of car cabin soundscape with no significant differences. Parameter classification is also done with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to reconfirm data behavior. These outcomes confirm that VE is possible to be a tool for modifying the sound design of armored electric SUVs with requiring deliberation on some factors.

Recommendations for determining the customs value of vehicles

Introduction. The paper examines the procedure for importing vehicles into the customs territory of Ukraine during martial law. The implementation of the new customs clearance formula is analyzed, and the recommended adjustment factors for coding the model year of production of vehicles based on the international standard and the recommended adjustment factors based on environmental standards are considered. Martial law conditions pose complex challenges to the state and require significant changes in the methods of managing economic processes and foreign economic activity. As a result, a number of amendments to legal acts have been adopted to regulate the export and import activities of business entities under martial law. The purpose of the paper is to study the procedure of importation of vehicles into the customs territory of Ukraine during martial law, analyzing the problems that may be encountered when using the existing form of customs clearance of vehicles, as well as to identify opportunities and prospects for the introduction of a new customs clearance formula and the benefits of its use. Results. To improve the customs clearance procedure for cars, it is proposed to improve the existing taxation system by applying a new customs clearance formula that will depend on the age, type, engine size and exclusivity of the car. At the same time, car owners will pay excise tax and value added tax, but the cost of the car will not be taken into account in the customs clearance formula. In addition, the state pension insurance fee will be canceled at the first registration of passenger cars. As a result, this will reduce the cost of registration. Import duty will also be canceled, which will reduce the cost of customs clearance by 10%. Amendments to the Customs Code of Ukraine create preconditions for customs clearance of vehicles through the Unified State Web Portal of Electronic Services. This should reduce the time for customs clearance and become a convenient tool for citizens, which is also a positive development. Such a customs clearance formula will have a positive impact on eliminating the possibility of corruption and other illegal actions at customs related to the unjustified increase in the customs value of a car. The new model will also prevent the indication of non-existent damages and malfunctions of cars, changes in modifications, creation of fake car sale and purchase agreements, artificial increase or decrease of car mileage, etc. Conclusion. The proposed actions will radically change the import of vehicles and make the procedure simpler and more efficient. All that is needed is to fix all the shortcomings, think carefully about the sequence of stages, improve them, and turn the idea into reality.

IoT Integrated Accelerometer Design and Simulation for Smart Helmets

This article delves into the transformative potential of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers, particularly their role in revolutionizing helmet safety. Accelerometers, ubiquitous in vehicle manufacturing, computer technology, and audio-video systems, play a crucial role in measuring acceleration. This work focuses on the design and simulation of a rotating accelerometer integrated into football helmets. The introduction of rotational acceleration addresses specific challenges in detecting and mitigating brain injuries that linear accelerometers may encounter. Additionally, the article explores the concept of piezoresistive football helmets, designed to resist force and reduce the impact of concussions. Piezoresistive helmets, designed to resist force and minimize the impact of concussions, when augmented with Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities can create a comprehensive smart safety solution. The incorporation of IoT sensors and connectivity into piezoresistive helmets enables real-time monitoring and data analysis of impact forces. This integration not only enhances player safety by providing immediate insights into potential risks but also opens avenues for injury prevention strategies. Leveraging COMSOL simulation software, this research not only conceives but also realizes the innovative integration of rotational accelerometers and piezoresistive materials in football helmet design, advancing safety standards in sports technology.

A critical review on contemporary power electronics interface topologies to vehicle‐to‐grid technology: Prospects, challenges, and directions

AbstractWith the evolution of the smart grid concept, the production of electric vehicles (EVs) is predicted to rise because of environmental concerns, technological advancements, and improvements in EV management. Vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) is an enabling, realistic, and affordable technology to cope with a large number of EVs, increase energy sustainability, provide economical solutions, satisfy user‐side consumers, and facilitate power flow to the grid. Power electronics (PE) converters, particularly bidirectional power converters, are promising interfaces for V2G infrastructure because they determine the characteristics and functionalities of V2G. Therefore, this study provides an extensive review of the characteristics, technological aspects, and visions of V2G infrastructure. This review helps to identify the current state, most recent developments, and problems related to bidirectional interface topologies and control strategies in V2G infrastructure. It further examines the classification of chargers or dischargers based on numerous factors, including limitations and impacts. Furthermore, the benefits, challenges with possible mitigation solutions, and future outlooks in the implementation of V2G technology are discussed. This review is planned to serve as a reference for existing work in V2G frameworks, PE interfacing topologies, and control strategies, and to also facilitate a guideline for future work that can be implemented to flourish V2G technology.

Review of Management System and State-of-Charge Estimation Methods for Electric Vehicles

Energy storage systems (ESSs) are critically important for the future of electric vehicles. Due to the shifting global environment for electrical distribution and consumption, energy storage systems (ESS) are amongst the electrical power system solutions with the fastest growing market share. Any ESS must have the capacity to regulate the modules from the system in the case of abnormal situations as well as the ability to monitor, control, and maximize the performance of one or more battery modules. Such a system is known as a battery management system (BMS). One parameter that is included in the BMS is the state-of-charge (SOC) of the battery. The BMS is used to enhance battery performance while including the necessary safety measures in the system. SOC estimation is a key BMS feature, and precise modelling and state estimation will improve stable operation. This review discusses the current methods used in BEV LIB SOC modelling and estimation. It also efficiently monitors all of the electrical characteristics of a battery-pack system, including the voltage, current, and temperature. The main function of a BMS is to safeguard a battery system for machine electrification and electric propulsion. The major responsibility of the BMS is to guarantee the trustworthiness and safety of the battery cells coupled to create high currents at high voltage levels. This article examines the advancements and difficulties in (i) cutting-edge battery technology and (ii) cutting-edge BMS for electric vehicles (EVs). This article’s main goal is to outline the key characteristics, benefits and drawbacks, and recent technological developments in SOC estimation methods for a battery. The study follows the pertinent industry standards and addresses the functional safety component that concerns BMS. This information and knowledge will be valuable for vehicle manufacturers in the future development of new SOC methods or an improvement in existing ones.

Impact of information processing on purchase intention in new energy vehicle product harm crises

AbstractWithin the increasingly complex and changeable market environment of new energy vehicles, consumers' attention to product safety has increased significantly, and higher, updated requirements are put forward at the level of product safety. Simultaneously, a product harm crisis, which often entails product recalls, can lead to consumer concerns regarding product specifications and security. Based on the heuristic‐systematic model, this study verified the effect of information processing on the vehicle purchase intention of consumers during crisis situations and conducted an empirical study through questionnaires and structural equation modelling. The data obtained in this study presents the following relationships: (1) risk perception has a significant and positive influence on information search and systematic processing but a negative influence on heuristic processing; (2) heuristic processing and systematic processing have a significant and positive influence on purchase intention; (3) information search has a significant and positive influence on heuristic processing and systematic processing. The study can offer a relevant basis and suggestions for risk communication of new energy vehicle enterprises, thereby fundamentally improving consumer loyalty.

Analysis of Strategic Transformation of Yutong Bus Company

From being a leader in the production of traditional internal combustion engine commercial vehicles to a company that produces new energy vehicles, Yutong Bus has experienced a significant transition. This shift is the result of both a receptive market to market demand and a thorough awareness of global environmental trends. The strategic change of Yutong Automobile is centered on electrification and intelligent drive. From a theoretical perspective, life cycle theory, sustainable development theory, and technological innovation are used to analyze the transition of the Yutong Bus. In order to keep up with market trends, the corporation introduces electrification and intelligent technology. Yutong Bus recognizes sustainable development over the course of a product's life cycle and adheres to life cycle theory. Green manufacturing and supply chains are clear examples of the theory of sustainable development in action, and a model that takes society and the environment into account has been constructed.

Linear Programming Projects on Automobile Production

This task will explore the usage of linear programming in the vehicle enterprise. The venture will attention on the improvement and application of lp fashions to cope with an expansion of troubles in car production. The mission may also inspect the capacity advantages of using lp to improve the performance and profitability of automobile manufacturing. The task could be divided into two primary stages. The first segment will contain the development of lp fashions to cope with particular problems in vehicle production. The second one section will involve the software of these fashions to real-global information. The outcomes of the undertaking may be used to evaluate the effectiveness of lp in improving the performance and profitability of automobile production. The venture is expected to make some of contributions to the sphere of operations studies. The task will broaden new lp models for addressing issues in vehicle production. The mission can even provide insights into the capability benefits of the use of lp to improve the performance and profitability of car production. The project is also predicted to have a positive impact on the car industry by using offering a valuable tool for improving manufacturing planning and decision-making

Optimal timing for nonsubsidized policy implementation in the electric vehicle industry

AbstractThis research examines a scenario involving an electric vehicle (EV) manufacturer promoting innovation, a retailer focusing on advertising and service (A&S), and a government implementing nonsubsidized policies to enhance social welfare and spur EV adoption. The nonsubsidized policies under consideration are classified as ex‐ante (EA), ex‐ing (EI), or ex‐post (EP), depending on their chronological deployment. Our findings indicate that EI is consistently suboptimal due to the presence of the (anti‐)synergy effect. However, either the EA or EP policy proves optimal: EA is preferred when consumers value EV innovation and A&S whereas EP is desirable when associated costs are inefficient.

Analysis and Optimization Plan of Supply Chain Management in Chinese Electric Vehicle Manufacturing Industry

Supply chain management is the treatment of the entire production process of goods or services to maximize quality, delivery, customer experience, and profitability. Although the theoretical research on supply chain management in China's manufacturing industry has achieved certain results, how to properly utilize supply chain management in such a rapidly developing society is still an urgent issue. In addition, in China, electric vehicles have gradually replaced traditional fuel vehicles to gradually increase the market share and become the first choice of consumers to buy cars. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to explore the problems in the construction of supply chain management systems for Chinese electric vehicle enterprises through theoretical analysis, put forward suggestions for improvement, and choose Guangzhou Automobile Group as a case study. The difficulty of supply chain and supplier management caused by the multi-level supply chain, as well as the product problems of the enterprise, also exacerbate the exposure of its problems in supply chain management. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the management system to balance the customer's demand and the company's supply capacity, as well as to strengthen the logistics supervision system.

Optimizing the Growing Dual Credit Requirements for Automobile Manufacturers in China’s Dual Credit Policy

Dual credit policy (DCP) is a market-based mechanism introduced by the Chinese government to promote the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry and improve energy savings in China. To offer sufficient impetus for the NEV industry while providing sufficient transitional buffer time for automobile manufacturers (AMs), the government needs to scientifically design how to gradually increase its dual credit requirement for AMs year by year. To assist the multi-year DCP design, this paper proposes a generalized Nash equilibrium model to predict AMs’ short-term decisions (i.e., vehicle production and credit trading) and long-term decisions (i.e., investment in production capacity expansion and research and development) under any DCP, considering the interactions among AMs’ decisions, vehicle prices, and credit price. Based on the equilibrium model, we then develop a bi-level programming problem to optimize the multi-year DCP. With numerical experiments, we show that implementing the optimal DCP can effectively enhance the market share of NEVs. In the context of the optimal multi-year DCP, the credit requirements set by the government should maintain a relatively low threshold during the initial years, but rise rapidly after that. Such optimal DCP offers AMs sufficient transition time while compelling a quick shift in their developmental strategies.

Financial Analysis and Valuation of Tesla Inc.

As the head of the new energy vehicle industry, whether Tesla's market value is overvalued compared to the industry average, and whether the new energy vehicle market outlook is optimistic has been a hot topic. This paper firstly compares and analyzes the business performance and several financial statement indicators of Tesla and other companies involved in the production of new energy vehicles, points out the huge difference between Tesla's valuation and its performance, and secondly analyzes the reasons for the difference in Tesla's valuation through the industrial structure and strategy of Tesla, and points out that Tesla's market value hides the capital market's special premium for technological innovation industry, high threshold industry, and environmental protection energy development. Tesla's market capitalization has a special premium for technological innovation, high-threshold industries, and environmental energy development. Finally, this paper judges the considerable development potential of the new energy vehicle industry in the new era of environmental awareness and points out that it should analyze the industry with future expectations as the main indicator and view the valuation from a long-term investment perspective.

Tesla and BYD Comparison Analysis

After centuries of development, the world automotive industry is embracing a new wave of low-carbon transformation. The world is now facing a shortage of oil and energy and air pollution. In this context, clean energy has become the main development concept of the industry to replace fuel energy. This paper takes Tesla and BYD, the giants of the new energy vehicle industry, as an example, provides a comparative analysis of their products, profits, and R&D perspectives, and uses ratio analysis to analyze the two companies for investment purposes. The study found that Tesla has stronger profitability and higher international recognition. BYD is the second-largest new energy vehicle manufacturer in the world due to its rapid growth in battery innovation. Tesla and BYD have good prospects for future growth. Tesla and BYD are facing new opportunities and challenges in the new energy vehicle industry, which is currently gaining momentum.