Idle Time Of Vehicles Research Articles

CHOICE OF TRANSPORT MEANS IN THE ORGANIZATION OF INTRA-PLANT AUTOMOBILE FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION

Cargo transportation costs make up a significant part of the costs of industrial enterprises. The main factor that affects the choice of a vehicle for domestic transportation of goods is the cost of transportation. Reducing the cost of transportation allows you to reduce the costs of production and sale of products, increase the amount of profit and increase the profitability of the enterprise's economic activity. The analysis of studies and publications on the organization of the logistics process of cargo transportation as part of the selection of a motor vehicle proved that insufficient attention has been paid to this issue. The procedure for choosing a motor vehicle needs improvement, taking into account the technical and economic indicators of their operation. The article substantiates the theoretical approach to the choice of a vehicle for intra-factory transportation of goods. A feature of the proposed approach is the assessment of the impact on the cost of transportation of such factors as load capacity, vehicle idle time, and the amount of fixed and variable costs. To choose the most efficient type of vehicle, it is proposed to determine the dependence of the cost price on the distance of transportation. The procedure for estimating the distance of transportation, according to which the use of comparable types of transport is economically equally beneficial, has been developed. The implementation of the proposed provisions will allow enterprises to make economically justified decisions regarding the choice of vehicle, which will contribute to the reduction of freight transportation costs. This method can be used by transport companies to justify the feasibility of choosing a vehicle for cargo transportation.

Improving the service of E-bike sharing by demand pattern analysis: A data-driven approach

In recent years, there has been a surge in the popularity of free-floating e-bike sharing. However, the shared mobility sector is fiercely competitive demanding, efficient operations and high-quality service to cater to user expectations.We propose several data-driven methods that apply demand pattern analysis. We suggest the use of a new spatial unit (i.e., overlapping circles) to enhance the cost-efficiency and user-friendliness of e-bike sharing. Moreover, temporal clustering is employed to develop operational strategies that counter the imbalance in supply and demand in recurrent clusters.To evaluate the impact of these strategies, we introduce a framework and apply it in a case study of an e-bike sharing project in The Hague, The Netherlands. We identify 5 hourly clusters which enable reallocation strategies to alleviate the imbalance among spatial units in these clusters.The results demonstrate that the derived operational strategies improve the service significantly, with almost 1.5 times increased ridership, an approximately 20% decrease in vehicle idle time, and a decent monthly net retention rate of around 60%.

АЛГОРИТМ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ ПОСТАВОК ЗАПАСНЫХ ЧАСТЕЙ ТРАНСПОРТНЫМ СРЕДСТВАМ С УЧЕТОМ ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКИ ПРОЦЕССОВ ВОСПОЛНЕНИЯ ИХ РЕСУРСА

The necessity to generate statistical data of diagnostic parameters of vehicles during their operation is determined. An algorithm for optimizing the supply of spare parts has been developed, taking into account the information and logistics support for the process of replenishing their resource, and an adaptive-controlled approach has been formed in the form of a model of the process of "replacing" the range of spare parts in vehicles. A system-analytical approach to the delivery of spare parts is determined, taking into account the stepwise change in their cost. The developed theoretical provisions will significantly reduce the complexity and time spent in a vehicle idle time.

Нормативы скорости автомобиля в планировании перевозок с использованием электронных путевых листов

The development of digital technologies unveils prospects for paperless document management in road transport, which is confirmed by a pilot project on the use of an electronic shipping manifest and a bill of lading. It is important to use the shipping manifest not only as a digital document, but also as a specialized software tool for calculating planned and actual performance indicators of vehicles as part of the enterprise management information system. An algorithm is proposed for constructing the information system for managing transport activities using electronic waybills, which are used as software for calculating planned performance indicators of vehicles and summarizing the results of transportation. The established standards and legal documents regulating the transfer of document flow in the field of road freight transportation to electronic basis are given. The importance of reasonable standards of average technical speed and idle time of vehicles at loading and unloading points for scheduling the performance of freight trucks on routes is illustrated. The factors influencing the value of the average technical and operational speed of a vehicle during transportation are studied and systematized, recommendations on establishing of their regulatory standards are given, formulas for calculating quantitative values are provided. Based on the specified standard of average technical speed, the calculation of the radius of cargo delivery during the day in intercity communication is demonstrated.

Traffic Regulation Recognition using Crowd-Sensed GPS and Map Data: a Hybrid Approach

Abstract. This article presents a method for traffic control recognition at junctions (traffic lights, stop, priority and right of way rule) using crowd-sensed GPS data (vehicle trajectories), as well as features extracted from OpenStreetMap. Traffic regulators are not mapped in most maps, although the way they regulate traffic at intersections affects the traffic flow and therefore the vehicle idle time at intersections, the fuel consumption, the CO2 emissions, and the arrival time at a destination. Because of the controlled interaction that road users have with each other at intersections, driving safety or assistance applications can be enabled if intersection regulators are mapped. In order to verify the proposed method two sets of trajectories were used, one of which is an open dataset, from two different cities, Hannover and Chicago. Two classification methods were tested, random forest and gradient boosting, using exclusively either dynamic features (trajectories), or static (only data from OSM) or a combination of the dynamic and static features (hybrid model). The results show that the gradient boosting classification with hybrid features can predict traffic regulations with high accuracy (93% in Chicago and 94% in Hannover), outperforming the other detection models (static and dynamic). At the end directions for further research on this topic are proposed.

Two-stage battery recharge scheduling and vehicle-charger assignment policy for dynamic electric dial-a-ride services

Coordinating the charging scheduling of electric vehicles for dynamic dial-a-ride services is challenging considering charging queuing delays and stochastic customer demand. We propose a new two-stage solution approach to handle dynamic vehicle charging scheduling to minimize the costs of daily charging operations of the fleet. The approach comprises two components: daily vehicle charging scheduling and online vehicle–charger assignment. A new battery replenishment model is proposed to obtain the vehicle charging schedules by minimizing the costs of vehicle daily charging operations while satisfying vehicle driving needs to serve customers. In the second stage, an online vehicle–charger assignment model is developed to minimize the total vehicle idle time for charges by considering queuing delays at the level of chargers. An efficient Lagrangian relaxation algorithm is proposed to solve the large-scale vehicle-charger assignment problem with small optimality gaps. The approach is applied to a realistic dynamic dial-a-ride service case study in Luxembourg and compared with the nearest charging station charging policy and first-come-first-served minimum charging delay policy under different charging infrastructure scenarios. Our computational results show that the approach can achieve significant savings for the operator in terms of charging waiting times (–74.9%), charging times (–38.6%), and charged energy costs (–27.4%). A sensitivity analysis is conducted to evaluate the impact of the different model parameters, showing the scalability and robustness of the approach in a stochastic environment.

Frequency Analysis of Grid Connected EVS by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

The vehicle-to-grid (V2G) model is able to provide the power-systems that have been built to incorporate the hybrid electric vehicle model on a wide scale with distributed reserve. The authors suggested an amended V2G control model that would concurrently manage different renewable power sources, vehicle idle time and electricity generation on a vehicle consumer day basis. In respect of the desired status of battery and the detected plug-on terminal, vehicle-to-grid power is tested. This article presents an intelligent decision- making system based on an artificial neural network (ANN) that uses data logged by the M2MAMI for the planning and management of electricity charge. The ANN has been trained with household energy usage and EV energy requires the data and convention to determine when to charge the vehicle (G2V) or to discharge it (V2G). Charge Terminology, Electric Cars, Energy storage, Neural Network. Charge Scheduling. In this paper, MATLAB/Simulink implements the proposed control block. Different virtual images evaluate the performance of the control structure, interface, communications, device efficiency and time responses.

STUDY OF INTERACTION OF AUTOMOTIVE AND RIVER TRANSPORT AT THE PORT TERMINAL BY THE METHOD OF SIMULATION

The aim of the study is to improve the technology of interaction between road and river transport on the territory of the port. The object of research is the port handling fronts; the subject of research is the technology of servicing various types of transport on the territory of the port terminal. Research methodology - simulation. The result of the study is an analytical assessment of the work of inland waterway transport for the carriage of goods, which indicates the absence of an integrated approach to improve the interaction of various modes of transport on the territory of the port terminal. Therefore, it is proposed to search for a rational technology based on simulation methods, which can reduce the time of non-production downtime. Competent organization of reloading from road to river transport and vice versa provides for the creation at the cargo terminal of such a traffic control system that provides collection and storage of operational information about the location of vehicles on the cargo fronts of the port terminal, the state of loading and unloading mechanisms, and allows making decisions on their use and transmitting commands to car drivers in order to improve the efficiency of interaction between road and river transport during cargo transshipment. For the proposed technology, the time for transshipment of cargo and idle time of vehicles under unloading was calculated using the theory of queuing systems. Counting the idle time of vehicles in various disciplines of choosing the cargo front (random or adjustable mode) made it possible to select the optimal system for regulating the approach of vehicles to the cargo fronts of the port terminal. The expected economic efficiency due to the reduction in the time of transshipment of goods from one mode of transport to another, according to the results of calculations, is 20,5 thousand EUR. The scientific novelty lies in the theoretical substantiation of various technologies for the interaction of road and river transport on the territory of the port terminal. At the same time, the problem of determining the optimal control system for the delivery of vehicles of the cargo fronts of the port terminal, on which reloading to river vessels occurs, has been formalized and solved using the methods of simulation modeling. This allows to reduce the downtime of transport units and more efficiently use the loading and unloading mechanisms, and, consequently, to reduce cost indicators. Practical significance: the proposed technology can be introduced into the technological processes of large river port terminals, where various types of transport interact. The simulation results are recommended to be used by the dispatcher staff when planning to bring vehicles to the berthing cargo fronts.

Interaction of vehicles with the grain pre-treatment point

The ways of increasing efficiency of the harvesting and transport system for grain crops harvesting through the use of reserve platforms for unloading line-haul trains and dump trailers at a grain pre-treatment point are determined. The study was carried out in agricultural enterprises of the forest-steppe zone of Novosibirsk region during three harvesting periods 2017–2019. Specific features of work of the harvesting and transport system were taken into account, such as the remoteness of fields, the turn-around time of vehicles, the number of harvesting machines in the unit, and the crop harvested. The analysis of the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the interaction of vehicles and a grain pre-treatment point as subsystems of the harvesting and transport system shows that the operations of weighing, paperwork and unloading of vehicles are conditioned by the unproductive waste of working shift time, which leads to downtime of expensive highperformance harvesting machines. The dependence analysis of downtime ratio of vehicles at unloading on the throughput of the grain pre-treatment point shows that idle time of vehicles can reach up to 38% of the working shift time, according to estimated data, and up to 45%, according to experimental data. It is established that in the operation of a grain pretreatment point as a subsystem of a complex harvesting and transport system, there are time reserves for a positive effect on the system performance by searching for alternative options to service vehicles. Experimental studies of grain harvesting have shown that with a grain flow exceeding productivity of a grain pre-treatment point, it is necessary to organize reserve platforms at threshing sites to reduce the time for unloading vehicles. The use of reserve platforms can reduce the downtime of high-performance harvesting machines by 5-9%.

ORGANIZATION OF THE CITY TRANSPORT PROCESS BY THE SUITABILITY OF MODERNIZATION THE ROUTE

The article discusses the directions of improving the organization of the transport process of the city by the expediency of opening a route. The route system and the basics of its construction are considered. An analysis of the operation of urban transport showed that the idle time of vehicles at stopping points reaches 30% of the total flight duration, and the unproductive downtime is almost 60%. This problem is relevant in the world and in Ukraine because there is a high level of injuries and deaths from road accidents. If there are restrictions on the number of rolling stock, of particular interest is the problem of choosing the modes of movement of rolling stock on routes, since not only the quality of passenger service depends on its solution, but also the calculation of the required number of buses and the corresponding number of certain routes. Survey of public transport services provide information on the level of satisfaction of the transport demand of the population on the route system, it is functioning. Domestic and foreign experience in practice is aimed at automating the inspection of passenger flows. An analysis of existing methods for estimating vehicle loading by automatic means shows that in cities it is necessary to use modern computer-information technologies. Specific measures have been developed to improve public services through information support of such transport and operational tasks as adjusting the route system, redistributing rolling stock between routes, regulating their release on the line, etc. The feasibility study of the feasibility of opening a route is calculated (according to the data of 2018 Dnepr, route 146a). It was determined that increasing the passenger capacity of the transport provides a profit of more than 16,000 UAH per month for one car, the cost of one return flight is about 400 UAH, the project's profitability was 16.4 percent.

Incentive-Based Approach to Control Demands for Operation of One-Way Carsharing System

One-way carsharing has been regarded as one of the innovative urban transportation modes since the last decade. A fleet imbalance problem frequently occurs in the system, which requires efficient vehicle relocation to cope with. An incentive-based approach could influence the users’ demands and could relieve the pressure on operator-based relocation. This paper presents an incentive-based approach involving a vehicle rewarding policy and a station rewarding policy to attract pick-up demands and drop-off demands respectively. A ranking method is proposed to determine the list of candidate rewarding vehicles and stations. The method acquires the user-app log data and the transaction data in a real operating environment for pick-up and drop-off demand prediction. Five factors for vehicles and four factors for stations are computed from the real-time data. The ranking indices are aggregated from the weighted sum of the factors. The rewarding policy and the ranking method were tested in the real operating environment of an electric vehicle sharing system in two districts of Shanghai. The result suggests that the rewarding policy with ranking method could shorten the vehicle idle time and increase the number of transactions per vehicle and per station, and also resulted in increments on profits.

Evaluation of the traffic signal regulation efficiency of crossroads with unstable transport demand by time

The article describes the results of the research, whose goal is to assess the effectiveness of the traffic light operation at crossroads with unstable transport demand in terms of time and directions. The modern way of cities development consists in creation of sustainable, and, hence, safe, harmless and comfortable environment for residing. This determines the separation of urban and industrial areas, the creation of transport infrastructure, in particular crossroads, which are equipped with traffic lights. As a rule, it is characterized by unstable transport demand in the direction of entry and exit from the territory of enterprises, which causes an inadvertent increase in the idle time of vehicles in the main direction. In the course of experimental studies, the authors found that the crossroads under consideration are parts of the road network that connect the industrial and urban areas, which causes a high traffic intensity in the main areas. At the same time, the share of ineffective resolving phase for entry and exit from the territory of the enterprise reaches 70-80%, which increases the idle time of vehicles in the main direction. The authors proposed an indicator that characterizes the proportion of inefficient operation of the traffic signal.

Influence of reserve of carrying capacity of stopping points on the time idle parameters of passenger transport vehicles

The object of research is the process of functioning of a stopping point within the transport-transfer station of urban public passenger transport. One of the most problematic places in the organization of the work of transport and transfer stations is the reduction of unproductive idle time of vehicles. The prerequisite for the occurrence of unproductive idle time is the simultaneous presence of vehicles at a stopping point in excess of its carrying capacity. A qualitative assessment of the level of organization of the stopping point of the transport and transfer station is carried out on the basis of calculating the correspondence coefficient between the actual idle time of vehicles and the duration of productive technological operations. The simulation of the functioning of the stopping point is used in the work. In combination with analytical calculations vehicle’s idle time parameters it is possible to obtain patterns of change in compliance with the actual downtime ratio depending on the level of SP reserve capacity. It is established that the type of empirical dependence of the change in the correspondence coefficient of the actual idle time is logarithmic. The presented dependence differs from existing considering the stochastic changes in the parameters of the incoming route flow. For the stopping point «Metro station Prospect Gagarina», Kharkiv, Ukraine (49.981225, 36.241933) it is determined that at the existing level of capacity: – correspondence coefficient of the idle time is 0.879; – average time of unproductive idle of one vehicle – 0.57 min; – specific weight of non-productive idle time is 13.8 % of the total time of technological operations. The use of established regularities makes it possible to justify the number of service posts. Compared with existing scheduling methods this form determine the suitable number of positions based on the calculation parameters of routing incoming stream that enables efficient use of territorial space of transport-transfer stations.

Analysis of the formation of fluctuations of service time of vehicles in transport-transfer stations of urban passenger transport

The conditions for formation of the character and state of random values of the deviation of vehicle service from the perspective of their influence on the temporary parameters of TTS operation are established. The object of research is the process of functioning of the transport and transfer hub of urban public passenger transport. It is proposed to consider the procedure for determining the planned service range of vehicles on the basis of taking into account the fluctuation processes of formation of the time of arrival and idle time of vehicles in TTS. Based on the identified general composition of the factors, by evaluating their possible consequences and analyzing the sources of formation, basic mechanisms for reducing the fluctuation of the service time are proposed. These mechanisms differ from existing ones in their orientation to ensuring a reduction in the range of time vehicles in TTS. Investigation of the constituent elements of the fluctuations, carried out on the basis of their analytical description, make it possible to determine the prerequisites and parametric regions for reducing the dispersion of the service time of vehicles in TTS. These prerequisites and parametric areas consist in stabilizing the time of their idle time within the total duration of productive technological operations. Experimental studies have confirmed the practical relevance of the account of the fluctuation processes in the TTS organization and allow to prove the prospect of taking into account these processes by integrating them in the general functional model of evaluating the performance of urban public transport. It is found that by introducing priority traffic on the network portions dispersion level time of arrival of vehicles is reduced by 49.1 %, the dispersion service time by 40%, and the average range of probable location of vehicles in TTS in the range from 20.5 to 37 % , 5 %. The proposed approach to the description of fluctuational processes of service of vehicles in the TTS opens new requirements for the use of slot-coordination models in solving the operational and strategic urban public passenger transport.

A green vehicle routing problem with customer satisfaction criteria

This paper develops an MILP model, named Satisfactory-Green Vehicle Routing Problem. It consists of routing a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles in order to serve a set of customers within predefined time windows. In this model in addition to the traditional objective of the VRP, both the pollution and customers’ satisfaction have been taken into account. Meanwhile, the introduced model prepares an effective dashboard for decision-makers that determines appropriate routes, the best mixed fleet, speed and idle time of vehicles. Additionally, some new factors evaluate the greening of each decision based on three criteria. This model applies piecewise linear functions (PLFs) to linearize a nonlinear fuzzy interval for incorporating customers’ satisfaction into other linear objectives. We have presented a mixed integer linear programming formulation for the S-GVRP. This model enriches managerial insights by providing trade-offs between customers’ satisfaction, total costs and emission levels. Finally, we have provided a numerical study for showing the applicability of the model.

Joint optimization of fleet size and maintenance capacity in a fork-join cyclical transportation system

This article presents an asset management-oriented multi-criteria methodology for the joint estimation of a mobile equipment fleet size, and the maintenance capacity to be allocated in a productive system. Using a business-centred life-cycle perspective, we propose an integrated analytical model and evaluate it using global cost rate, availability and throughput as performance indicators. The global cost components include: (i) opportunity costs associated with lost production, (ii) vehicle idle time costs, and (iii) maintenance resources idle time costs. This multi-criteria approach allows a balanced scorecard to be built that identifies the main trade-offs in the system. The methodology uses an improved closed network queueing model approach to describe the production and maintenance areas. We test the proposed methodology using an underground mining operation case study. The decision variables are the size of a load-haul-dump fleet and specialized maintenance crew levels. Our model achieves savings of 20.6% in global cost terms with respect to a benchmark case. We also optimize the system to achieve desired targets of vehicle availability and system throughput (based on system utilization). The results show increments of 7.1% in vehicle availability and 13.5% in system throughput with respect to baseline case. For the case studied, these criteria also have a maximum, which allows for further improvement if desired. The results also show the importance of using balanced performance measures in the decision process. A multi-criteria optimization was also performed, showing the Pareto front of considered indicators. We discuss the trade-offs among different criteria, and the implications in finding balanced solutions. The proposed analytical approach is easy to implement and requires low computational effort. It also allows for an easy re-evaluation of resources when the business cycle changes and relevant exogenous factors vary.

Environmental impact of modern roundabouts

In United States (US) vehicular emissions have increased considerably over the years and have attracted the attention of environmental and transportation researchers. Traditional intersections force vehicular traffic to slow down and stop in varying patterns and contribute to the increase in vehicular emissions. Modern roundabouts in US have enhanced the performance and safety of many intersections. There are numerous studies conducted by IIHS and various researchers, which support this fact. These modern roundabouts are not only capable of improving traffic flow but they can as well cut down vehicular emissions and fuel consumption by reducing the vehicle idle time at intersections and thereby creating a positive impact on the environment. The primary focus of this research was to study the impact of modern roundabouts in cutting down vehicular emissions. Six sites with different traffic volume ranges, where a modern roundabout has replaced stop-controlled intersection, have been chosen for the study. The operation of the roadways at the intersection was videotaped and the traffic flow data was extracted from these tapes and analyzed using SIDRA (signalized and un-signalized intersection design and research aid) software. The version used was aaSIDRA 2.0. The software produces many Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs) of which four were chosen for analyzing the environmental impact of roundabouts. The chosen four outputs give rate of emission of HC, CO, NO X , and CO 2 in (kg/h). All the MOEs were statistically compared to determine which intersection control performed better. After comparing all the MOEs at all locations for the before and after traffic volumes, it was found that the modern roundabout performed better than the existing intersection control (i.e. stop signs) in cutting down vehicular emissions therefore creating a positive impact on the environment. The research concludes that a modern roundabout can be used as a viable alternative to cut down vehicular emissions, making intersections more environmentally friendly.

Signalized intersection with real-time adaptive control: on-field assessment of CO 2 and pollutant emission reduction

The environmental costs linked to an isolated signalized intersection have been quantified in terms of CO 2 emission, fuel consumption and standard pollutant emission. A multi-camera system automatically estimates vehicle idle time and stop rates per itinerary; each vehicle is affected a cost that depends on whether it stops at least once and on its idle time on red. Elementary costs are calibrated using real urban driving cycles and their corresponding emission profiles measured on test benches. These experimental data are used to calibrate average coefficients for catalyst converter gasoline vehicles, non-catalyst ones and diesel vehicles (passenger cars). An on-field experiment was performed during 8 months to evaluate the benefits of the CRONOS control strategy, compared to a time plan strategy with vehicle actuated ranges. The benefits observed have shown the potential of this adaptive real-time control strategy that uses video traffic sensors. Large benefits on stops and delay induce significant reduction in environmental damage: 4% reduction for CO 2 emission in peak traffic whatever the type of engine, which corresponds to 14% reduction on the part of costs due to stops and delay. Such figures show that environmental costs can be reduced without giving up fluidity benefits.