Vector Control System Research Articles

Type‐2 Fuzzy Logic controller‐based stator current Model reference adaptive system speed observer for a hybrid electric vehicle to improve transient response during limp home mode

SummaryIn this paper, a stator current‐based model reference adaptive system (SCMRAS) for indirect vector control of induction motor fed to hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) for improving the transient response during limp home period has been proposed. In the proposed SCMRAS, the measured stator currents are employed in voltage model to eliminate the integrator in reference model. The stator currents are estimated and are compared with actual current components to estimate the rotor speed. Further, to improve the performance of SCMRAS during limp home period, the PI controller in the adaptation mechanism is replaced with type 2 fuzzy logic controller (T2FLC). The prototype model of the proposed SCMRAS using dSPACE DS 1104 R&D controller board has been developed for implementing speed sensorless indirect vector control of induction motor drive. The performance of SCMRAS and proposed SCMRAS using T2FLC estimators during limp home period is compared.

A short‐distance harmonic suppression method for position detection based on linear hall‐effect sensors

Accurate position signals are essential for a vector control system. To obtain accurate position signals, high-precision position sensors such as optical encoder and resolver are employed. However, they are usually restricted by the environmental condition and cost. Linear Hall-effect sensors, possessing tiny size, light weight and low cost, are usually used to detect position signals. However, the position signals detected by linear Hall-effect sensors in low cost conditions always contain a large part of high-order harmonics, which will decrease the validity and reliability of sensor measurement. In this paper, to eliminate the influence of harmonics, a short-distance harmonic suppression method without any low-pass filter is proposed. The proposed method utilises three linear Hall-effect sensors displaced a certain electrical angle to dissolve the position signal. Through simulation analysis and experimental verification, the proposed method has been proven to be effective in suppressing the third-order and fifth-order harmonics.

Modelling of the Electrically Excited Synchronous Machine with the Rotary Transformer Design Influence

An electrically excited synchronous machine (EESM) is a promising alternative to the permanent magnets synchronous machines being used in the automotive industry. However, the main disadvantage of the EESM with the conventional excitation system with brushes is the presence of slip rings on the shaft, which need regular maintenance. A promising alternative to the conventional excitation system of the EESM is a wireless power transfer (WPT) system. In this paper, we focused on WPT excitation system based on the rotary transformers. First, the model of the EESM in the d-q reference frame with vector control system has been built (based on the parameters of the real machine) and analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink software. Second, the influence of the rotary transformer design parameters on the dynamic performance of the EESM has been investigated. Finally, different topologies of the rotary transformers found in the literature have been analyzed, modeled and compared using an analytical and numerical approach. Based on the obtained results, the most suitable electrical parameters (i.e., geometry parameters, supply frequency, magnetizing and leakage inductance, winding resistance and efficiency) of the rotary transformer have been identified and implemented into the d-q model of EESM.

Synthesis Based on Linearization of Vector Speed Control of an Induction Motor without a Speed Sensor

The aim of the work was parametric synthesis of vector sensorless (i. e. without speed sensor) control of an electric drive with an induction motor. The structure of the system is based on the application of an adaptive model for estimating the rotor flow coupling vector and velocity. The speed is estimated by the mismatch of the real stator current and the current value calculated in the model. Stability is guaranteed in this well-known structure, obtained on the basis of Lyapunov functions, but it remains problematic to calculate the parameters of regulators and an adaptive model to ensure high-quality dynamics of the system. For a vector control system of an induction electric motor without a speed sensor with an adaptive model, a linearized structure in a synchronously rotating coordinate system was proposed. This makes it possible to calculate control parameters using the modal control method to ensure quality indicators in each of the closed circuits of the system. Such parametric synthesis is based on the assumption that the flow coupling of the rotor is maintained constant, and therefore the mutual influence of the flow coupling and torque control channels can be neglected. The calculation of the parameters of control (regulators and the adaptation channel) is based on the method of assigning the roots of characteristic contour polynomials in such a way that each internal contour has a higher speed than the external one with respect to it. The method is approximate, but it makes it possible to take into account the main cause-and-effect relationships in dynamics and obtain simple calculation expressions. The simulation of the system was carried out using a simulation model that takes into account the digital software-algorithmic method for generating a microcontroller control signal, as well as electromagnetic processes under conditions of pulse-width modulation in an electric energy converter and an electric motor, the use of the values of the rotor flow coupling vector estimated by the model in coordinate transformations of the system, the formation of a spatial vector of the converter voltage. The analysis of the synthesized speed control system by the simulation method has confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method of parametric synthesis and the acceptable accuracy of speed estimation.

Vector control system design for asynchronous motors

In order to decouple the excitation and torque components of the stator current so that the asynchronous motor speed control system approximates a DC speed control system. Firstly, the asynchronous motor model is transformed in coordinates, and then the vector control idea is proposed to construct a vector control system for the asynchronous motor. At the same time, a simulation model of the vector control system of an asynchronous motor was created on the Matlab platform and the speed waveform was recorded. The analysis of the experimental data showed that the speed response of the vector control system was fast and smooth, which improved the performance of the asynchronous motor speed control system.

Modeling vector control of the asynchronous drive of electric rolling stock auxiliary machines

Introduction. The development of power semiconductor devices and technology served the basis for fundamentally new types of frequency-controlled electric drives with traction asynchronous motors on the rolling stock of electrified railways. Therefore, problems of theoretical and experimental study of the operating modes of the mentioned drives become actual. This article is a theme continuation of the asynchronous machines control on the AC locomotive, which was presented in no. 5 of Russian Railway Scientific Journal in 2021.Materials and methods. For analysing the frequency converter operation, the authors used mathematical modeling methods, which allowed evaluating the motor operation in various modes without resorting to time-consuming full-scale tests. Recently, software packages for visual programming have been developed, aimed mainly at domestic users, which are not inferior in their capabilities to leading foreign counterparts. Among such software products is SimInTech software for modeling technical systems, developed by 3V Service. The software focuses on solving various applied problems, particularly, on modeling a vector control system for an asynchronous drive.Results. The authors developed a mathematical model of an asynchronous drive of auxiliary machines of an electric locomotive in a rotating coordinate system d – q by the SimInTech application package and concerning the cross-impact influence of d and q control channels.Discussion and conclusion. The developed complex of an asynchronous motor and a vector control system enable to work out various algorithms for improving the energy efficiency of the operation of asynchronous auxiliary machines of an electric locomotive by applying the proposed algorithm for choosing the optimal value of the rotor flux linkage. The presented vector control structure also enables to implement it on the basis of modern microcontrollers, helping to reduce programming time.

Computational fluid dynamics investigations of aerodynamic control surfaces of a vertical landing configuration

The European project RETALT (Retro Propulsion Assisted Landing Technologies), funded by the Horizon 2020 framework program (Grant agreement No 821890), has as main objective to investigate critical technologies for the assisted descent and landing of re-usable first stages. Among these technologies, one can find aerodynamics, aerothermodynamics, flight dynamics, guidance navigation and control (GNC), Structures, mechanisms, thrust vector control (TVC) and thermal protection systems (TPS). The present paper focuses in particularly on the aerodynamics technology applied to a vertical landing launcher configuration, called RETALT1, including retro-propulsion. During the landing phase of the first stage of the launcher, the main devices for control and trim of the vehicle (besides the retro-propulsion) are the aerodynamic control surfaces (ACS). Three types of aerodynamic control surfaces are investigated by means of numerical computations, using the NSMB (Navier Stokes Multi Block) CFD code. The control surfaces considered are the deployable interstage segments (also named petals), grid fins and planar fins. Aerodynamic coefficients as well as forces acting on the control surfaces are extracted from the CFD computations to assess the efficiency of each type of devices and to populate the Aerodynamic Database (AEDB) for flight dynamic analysis.

Synthesis of the Current Controller of the Vector Control System for Asynchronous Traction Drive of Electric Locomotives

This paper deals with the analysis of the operating conditions of traction drives of the electric locomotives with asynchronous traction motors. The process of change of the catenary system voltage was found to have a stochastic character. The method of current controller synthesis based on the Wiener–Hopf equation was proposed to enable efficient performance of the traction drive control system under the condition of the stochastic nature of the catenary system voltage and the presence of interferences, when measuring the stator current values of the tractor motor. Performance simulation of the proposed current controller and the current controller used in the existing vector control systems of the traction drives used in the electric locomotives was implemented. The results of the performance simulation of the proposed current controller were compared with the performance of the current controller in existing vector control systems of the traction drives. The results are applicable to the design of vector control systems of traction drives in electric locomotives and to the study of the influence of performance of electric traction drives in electric locomotives on the quality indicators of the power supplied by the traction power supply system under the actual operating conditions of the locomotive.

Three phase induction motor torque tracking algorithm based on the rotor time constant identification

The indirect vector control system can realize the on-line identification of the rotor time constant based on electromagnetic torque. However, still effective range of the torque model is suitable only for heavy load conditions. In this paper, an improved torque tracking model is constructed by modifying the conventional torque model with rotor time constant identification. Through the establishment of the small signal model of the identification system, the stability of the torque model is deeply analyzed, and it is concluded that the torque model has two balance points, namely the expected balance point and the error balance point; the error balance point limits the scope of the torque model root cause. The simulation show that the problem of unbalance point can be avoided with the aid of the proposed algorithm. In addition, the design ideas of proportional-integral adaptive law parameters are given from the two perspectives of system stable operation and optimal convergence process.

SYNTHESIS OF THE TURNING ANGLE IDENTIFIER ROTOR IN VECTOR CONTROL SYSTEM ASYNCHRONOUS ELECTRIC DRIVE

The paper for a dual-feed machine, new equations of the mathematical model of the identifier of the rotor position angle are obtained, which can be used in the synthesis of vector control systems for asynchronous gate cascade. An analysis of the stability of the developed identifier was carried out, the results of which were used in the synthesis of the identifier structure, which expands the range of its operation modes.

Anti windup GPC speed controller for induction machine based on Youla parametrization

Abstract In the induction motor indirect vector control system, because of its physical limitations, the large step change in the speed command and/or load would eventually cause the so-called “integral windup phenomenon” which causes unexpected behavior of the system. To counteract this problem, an anti- windup generalized predictive speed control method is proposed by using the Youla parametrization. As first step, the design of an initial GPC controller based on its polynomial equivalent structure is required. Then, thanks to the Youla parametrization, this controller is retuned considering two specifications. The first is a frequency specification on the quadratic component of stator current response to the speed reference. And the second is a time domain constraint on the measured speed response to the speed reference. These constraints are formulated within a convex optimization framework. The simulation results proved the efficiency of the present design method.

Vector Control and Modeling of Modular Multilevel High Voltage Converter for Rail Vehicle Traction

Rail transit plays an important role in the social and economic life of China and even all countries in the world, especially some populous countries or regions. The traction drive system of rail vehicle provides three-phase AC with adjustable voltage and frequency for the traction motor, controls the speed and torque of the traction motor, and then controls the operation of the vehicle. The modular multilevel converter has the advantages of low harmonic, good power quality of output waveform, high reliability, no input filtering and power compensation, and is suitable in the field of frequency conversion. In this work, the open-loop scalar control and vector closed-loop control of modular multi-level high-voltage inverter were adopted. It was found that driven by modular multi-level variable frequency vector control system, asynchronous motor not only has less harmonic content of voltage and current waveform, but also its speed regulation characteristics have been improved.

Comparative assessment of induction motor electric drives with vector control system

Comparative assessment of induction motor electric drives with vector control system

Управление многофазным двигателем на постоянных магнитах при несинусоидальных ЭДС и питании от АИН

Many electric drives are made using permanent magnet multiphase motors (PMSM) and transistor voltage inverters (VSI). Depending on the placement of the magnets on the rotor and on the performance of the stator windings of the PMSM, the distortion of the EMF of the phases can be more or less significant. Phase current distortions depend on the EMF, as well as on the features of the VSI, on the drive control algorithm. According to the methodology of modeling systems for interconnected subsystems, a mathematical model of a multi-phase PMSM was built taking into account the non-sinusoidality of the EMF. Computer models of drives with multi-phase PMSM, several VSI and control systems (CS) are built. A comparison of vector control algorithms in the dq axes and in the phase axes in the drive with a multi-phase PMSM with non-sinusoidal EMF and several VSI is made. Vector control systems in the axes of the phases of the PMSM provide a better shape of the phase currents and less ripple of the electromagnetic torque of the PMSM.

Стійкість систем векторного керування напругою асинхронного генератора

The paper presents an analysis of the stability properties of typical structures of induction generators-based vector control systems with linear proportional-integral currents and DC-link voltage controllers. The study is based on the mathematical model of an induction machine taking into account the magnetization curve. It provides the modification of the typical voltage-flux vector control algorithm by considering the saturation of the magnetic system. The stability proof problem of an induction generator-based generation system is that its model is nonlinear and nonminimal-phase, and that the dynamics of the DC-link voltage is nonlinear even for a constant flux linkage and speed due to the presence of nonlinear components which are proportional to active losses. The conditions which provide consideration of the reduced-order system dynamics are formulated and properties of local asymptotic stability of the generation system with typical vector control algorithms are proven based on the singular perturbation theory. It is shown that the local asymptotic stability is ensured when the regulation processes of the DC-link voltage and the torque-forming stator current component are decoupled, which is achieved due to the proposed special adjustment of the voltage and current controllers. A modified vector control algorithm of induction generator is studied in simulation and experimentally. At the first stage, the system dynamics is investigated when the flux subsystem is in equilibrium point. As a result, the possibility of the reduced-order system consideration for the design and analysis of the voltage regulation subsystem was confirmed. At the second stage, the dynamic behavior of the voltage control loop for different settings of the controllers was experimentally investigated. It is shown that the configuration of the voltage control algorithm proposed in the work provides the timescale separation of the current and DC-link voltage regulation processes, as well as their quasi-decoupling.

Синтез наблюдателя Калмана системы нелинейного электропривода оптико-механического комплекса

The electric drive of the optical-mechanical complex is considered as a three-mass elastic system. The coefficients of elasticity in this case cannot be measured by the sensor and are not fixed by the operating time of the device. The synthesis of observers using the adaptive extended Kalman filter, estimating variables in a three-mass elastic system, is a necessity in electric drive control systems of the optical-mechanical complex. The mathematical model of the three-mass electric drive system of the optical-mechanical complex is built with taking into account nonlinear elastic factors. The Kalman observer is built in combination vector control system with a permanent magnet synchronous motor. This is an important part before the synthesis of the nonlinear predictive controller for electromechanical drive system of the optical-mechanical complex. Simulation results are executed in the MatLab/Simulink environment.

Modeling the system of a dovetailless asynchronous electric drive for conveyor mechanisms

The article considers a vector control system for asynchronous electric drive of belt conveyors, which uses an adaptive observer to control the speed of the electric drive. This allows you to increase the reliability and inter-interval maintenance of the electric drive. The requirements for the observer are determined, its mathematical description is made, and the law of adaptation is determined. In the Matlab Simulink package, a computer simulation of the proposed sensor-free control system is performed. A study of the robustness of the actuator in terms of the drift of the parameters of the motor when powered from the inverter, expressed by the integral criterion for parametric robustness. Based on the results obtained, a comparison is made and conclusions are drawn about the advantages and disadvantages of using an adaptive observer in comparison with other types of observers.

Варианты формирования симметричного семифазного выходного напряжения вентильного преобразователя

A seven-phase bridge converter has 128 logical states. When a seven-phase symmetric winding is connected to the converter, each logical state produces a spatial-temporal resulting voltage vector. In total, the converter can produce 126 active vectors and 2 zero vectors. The aim of the work is to study and classify the vector space in implementing the converter control algorithms performing spatial-vector modulation of the voltage by a seven-phase symmetric winding. It has been determined that there are nine control algorithms that form a symmetrical seven-phase voltage with various phase voltage waveforms. Each waveform corresponds to a certain value of the phase voltage fundamental harmonic component. The fundamental harmonic amplitude corresponds to the modulus of the generalized spatial-temporal voltage vector of discrete states. The vector spaces of phase voltage vectors corresponding to the converter logical states and shaping the resulting vectors, and also the vector spaces of generalized voltage vectors are investigated. The numerical values of the resulting and generalized voltage vectors are obtained. In carrying out the study, the vector analysis methods and methods of expanding functions into Fourier series were used. The theoretical studies have been tested experimentally. The experiments were carried out on a bench intended for studying the spatial-vector modulation of multiphase motors using a prototype seven-phase motor. The results can be used to implement nonlinear vector control systems for a seven-phase motor.

SENSORLESS CONTROL OF PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR BASED ON OPTIMIZATION OF NON-SINGULAR FAST TERMINAL SLIDING MODE OBSERVER, 138-144.

A novel terminal slide observer based on the fast reaching lawis proposed in this paper, which is used to accurately estimaterotor position and speed of a permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) for a sensorless vector control system.

Optimal Speed–Torque Control of Asynchronous Motor for Electric Cars in the Field-Weakening Region Based on Voltage Vector Optimization

In this article, model predictive (MP) and deep belief net (DBN) are introduced to optimize and predict the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dq</i> -axis stator voltage of asynchronous motors for electric cars in the field-weakening region to achieve the optimal “speed–torque” (represents the optimization of speed and torque performance) control. First, the analytical model of the maximum torque output is established, and the effect of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dq</i> -axis voltage on the torque output is analyzed. Second, to reduce the influence of proportional–integral parameter tuning, optimize the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dq</i> -axis voltage, and achieve the accurate torque control, MP is introduced to establish an analytical model of MP controller tracking current loop for generating the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dq</i> -axis voltage. Third, the maximum torque vector control system based on the MP controller is built, and the influence of system parameters on control effect is analyzed. Fourth, the simulation data are collected, and the DBN voltage prediction model is established. The model is embedded in the field-oriented control to achieve optimal “speed–torque” control. Finally, the dynamometer experimental platform is established to collect the experimental data and establish the DBN voltage prediction model. The validity of the method is verified through the voltage data calibration, “speed–torque” characteristic calibration, motor efficiency calibration, “speed–torque” response, and ripple test.