Vitamin D3 Supplementation Research Articles

The effect of aquatic training and vitamin D3 supplementation on bone metabolism in postmenopausal obese women

Background/ObjectiveDespite prevalence of studies indicating the positive effect of land-based exercise on bone metabolism, there are limited findings regarding the effect of aquatic exercise. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of aquatic training and vitamin D3 supplementation on femur bone mineral density (BMD), serum 25(OH)D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in postmenopausal obese women with vitamin D insufficiency. Methods40 postmenopausal obese women were randomly divided into four groups of aquatic training + vitamin D3 intake group; (ATD), aquatic training with placebo intake group (AT), vitamin D3 intake group (D), and control group with placebo intake (CON). AT groups performed aerobic aquatic exercises for 8 weeks. Vitamin D3 supplementation groups consumed oral dose of 4000 IU/d for 8 weeks. ResultsThe femur BMD was significantly higher in the ATD than the AT and D and CON groups; in AT it was higher than the D and CON groups. Serum 25(OH)D level in the ATD was more than AT and CON, and in the D was more than the CON and AT. PTH in the ATD group was lower compared to AT, D, and CON groups. PTH was lower in the AT and D compared to the CON. ConclusionIn postmenopausal obese women with vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency, combining vitamin D supplementation and aquatic training was the most effective method for improving bone metabolism; Vitamin D supplementation (alone) was not sufficient to affect some of bone metabolism indices; Aquatic training could not improve serum vitamin D. By priority, ATD, AT, and D indicated better bone related metabolism indices.

Vitamin D3 reverses immune tolerance and enhances the cytotoxicity of effector T cells in coal pneumoconiosis

Coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) is a common occupational disease that coal miners are highly susceptible due to long-term exposure to coal dust particles (CDP). CWP can induce the accumulation of immune cells surrounding the bronchioles and alveoli in the lungs, resulting in pulmonary fibrosis and compromised immune function. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq), our previous studies disclose that CDP exposure triggers heterogeneity of transcriptional profiles in mouse pneumoconiosis, while Vitamin D3 (VitD3) supplementation reduces CDP-induced cytotoxicity; however, the mechanism by which how VitD3 regulates immune status in coal pneumoconiosis remains unclear. In this study, we elucidated the heterogeneity of pulmonary lymphocytes in mice exposed to CDP and demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of VitD3 using scRNA-Seq dataset. The validation of key lymphocyte markers and their functional molecules was performed using immunofluorescence. The results demonstrated that VitD3 increased the number of naive T cells by modulating CD4 + T cell differentiation and decreased the number of Treg cells in CDP-exposed mice, thereby enhancing the cytotoxic activity of CD8 + effector T cells. These effects markedly alleviated lung fibrosis and symptoms. Taken together, the mechanism by which VitD3 regulates the functions of lymphocytes in CWP provides a new perspective for further research on the prevention and treatment of CWP.

P-12 Postpartum vertebral compressive fractures in a young female with osteoporosis - A case report

Abstract Introduction Osteoporosis is а metabolic disorder characterized by low bone mass and deep changes in bone architecture that lead to an increased vertebral or hip fracture in elderly. Osteoporosis in young population is a very rare condition especially when is associated with compressive fractures. Pregnancy and postpartum-related osteoporosis is condition that occurs in the last trimester of pregnancy оr in the first months of lactation. It is self-limited condition that return to normal after 12-18 months. In rare cases leаds to spinal compressive fractures. Clinical Case We present a 33-year-old female with back pain that occurs after birth during the early lactation period. In consultation with an orthopedic surgeon, an X-ray was made on the thoracolumbar spinal column with a finding of vertebral compressive fractures. A DEXA scan (double energy-X rays of absorptiometry) is also made with the finding of vertebral osteoporosis and hip osteopenia. We calculate BMI and perform blood tests for vitamin D3, calcium, hormones and markers for bone metabolism. This was our patient's first birth, she was thin with height 157 cm, weight 42 kg and calculated BMI-17. Blood test showed very low concentration of vitamin D3- 16 ng/ml (20-44) with normal level of calcium- 1,20 mmol/l (1,10-1,40) and PTH-31,01 pg./ml (15-65). Thyroid, gonadal and adrenal axis was with normal function. We told the patient to stop the lactation and to take a supplementation of vitamin D3 2000 IE, Calcium 1000 mg and bisphosphonates (alendronate). After two years of treatment, we made a control DEXA scan. Our patient now has vertebral osteopenia, normal serum concentration of vitamin D (44 ng/ml) and her weight is 48 kg. She feels good, has no pain and no new fractures. Conclusion Pregnancy and lactation increase need for calcium and this condition is complemented by increased intestinal absorption of calcium and increased bone resorption of the mother's skeleton. Risk factors for low bone density are deficit of 1-25 OH vitamin D3, malnutrition, low body mass index, treatment with low dose of enoxaparin (LMWH), physical inactivity. Our patient has an increased risk of low bone density (she has a low body mass index, low serum concentration of 1–25 OH vitamin D3 and this was her first pregnancy). Normal serum level 1–25 OH vitamin D concentration is required to establish calcium metabolism and prevent low bone density, osteopenia or osteoporosis. Antiresorptive therapy with bisphosphonates lead to rapid improvement in bone density, prevent new fractures and relieves pain. Treatment of postpartum osteoporosis is debatable because this condition is reversible, so when we decide to treat or not to treat, we must consider present of fractures, pain and plan for future pregnancy.

Vitamin D intervention as a curative measure for glucose intolerance in obese children and adolescents: a systematic review on randomized control trials.

The present review highlights that a significant proportion of the studies incorporated in the analysis demonstrate that the administration of vitamin D may be a preventive measure in ameliorating insulin resistance among pediatric patients with obesity, but it is advisable to implement a prolonged intervention with a substantial sample size and perform micro-level analysis at the gene level to evaluate the impact of vitamin D treatment. • Childhood obesity and its associated metabolic disorder is a concerned global problem. • Several studies showed an association of vitamin D deficiency with adiposity- induced metabolicdisorders which are still controversial. This study focused on finding interlink between vitamin Dsupplementation with obesity induced insulin resistance in children and adolescents. •This study supports that high dosage of Vitamin D in long term may be protective against insulinresistance in obese paediatric individuals. •A new factor is also reported in the study that vitamin D may alter the composition of gut microbiotawhich represents a compelling approach to the therapeutic management of obesity and diabetes.

Vitamin D3 as an add-on treatment for multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundVitamin D deficiency has been linked to a higher risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) and disease progression. However, the efficacy of vitamin D3 as an adjuvant therapy for MS remains a controversial topic. ObjectiveTo perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the impact of adjunct high-dose vitamin D3 on clinical and radiological outcomes. MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for trials published until December 18th, 2022. Authors independently selected randomized controlled trials involving patients with MS, with an intervention group receiving high dose (≥ 1000 IU/day) cholecalciferol and reporting clinical or radiological outcomes. Authors independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a standardized, pilot-tested form. The meta-analysis was conducted using RStudio for EDSS at the last follow-up, ARR, and new T2 lesion count. ResultsWe included 9 studies with 867 participants. No significant reduction of EDSS (MD = 0.02, CI 95 % [–0.37; 0.41], p = 0.91), ARR (MD –0.03, CI 95 % [–0.08; 0.02], p = 0.26), or new T2 lesions (MD –0.59, CI 95 % [-1.24;0.07], p = 0.08) was observed at 6–24 months. We found no evidence of publication bias. ConclusionThe findings of this meta-analysis strengthen current evidence that vitamin D3 supplementation has no significant impact on clinical outcomes in patients with MS. However, the non-significant reduction of new T2 lesions could precede long-term clinical benefits and should be validated in additional studies.

Vitamin D Status among Patients Admitted to a Geriatric Ward-Are Recommendations for Preventing Its Deficiency Effective Enough?

Despite a decade of available recommendations aimed at preventing vitamin D (VD) deficiency in Poland, the efficacy of these measures among community-dwelling older individuals remains inconsistent. The PolSenior2 study provided valuable insights into VD status among community-dwelling older individuals in Poland. However, it is important to note that this research did not include the elderly living in care institutions. Therefore, our study concentrates on evaluating VD status in older patients admitted to a geriatrics ward to indirectly assess their adherence to existing recommendations and preventive actions in this particular setting (whether they translate into health-promoting behaviors (i.e., taking vitamin D supplements) and whether the recommended, optimal 25(OH)D concentration values are achieved). This approach offers a comprehensive understanding of VD status in a previously understudied population. We aimed to evaluate VD status in patients aged 70 and above within the geriatrics ward, exploring its association with age, sex, BMI, and the use of VD supplements. The study involved the measurement of serum VD concentration in 240 individuals. Of these participants, 177 (73.8%) were women, and 193 (80.4%) were over 75 years old. The median 25(OH)D concentration was found to be 22.95 (IQR, 13.7-33.0) ng/mL. Notably, profound deficiency (<10 ng/mL) was noted in 15% of the participants, while 67.5% exhibited VD inadequacy (<30 ng/mL). It is worth mentioning that only 18.3% of individuals took VD supplements preadmission. Insufficiency was more prevalent in nonsupplemented individuals (70.9% vs. 52.3%, p = 0.02) and those with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (76.2% vs. 59.2%, p = 0.007). The logistic regression model demonstrated that obese patients had over two times higher odds of VD inadequacy (OR = 2.21, p = 0.0074), as did nonsupplemented individuals (OR = 2.23, p = 0.0187). The high prevalence of VD deficiency and inadequacy in geriatric ward admissions emphasizes the urgent need for targeted interventions and enhanced education for older adults, caregivers, and physicians to improve adherence to preventive supplementation practices.

Population-based interventions for preventing falls and fall-related injuries in older people.

Population-based interventions for preventing falls and fall-related injuries in older people.

High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation shows no beneficial effects on white blood cell counts, acute phase reactants, or frequency of respiratory infections

BackgroundVitamin D has been suggested to influence the immune system, and vitamin D metabolites and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) are generated and expressed in white blood cells (WBC). Moreover, vitamin D status has been associated with incidence and prognosis of some respiratory tract infections (RTI). Therefore, we investigated the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on WBC, acute phase reactants (APR), and the risk of developing RTIs.MethodsA double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 307 infertile men with multiple secondary immunological endpoints. The vitamin D3 group (n = 151) initially received 300,000 IU (7,500 µg) cholecalciferol once - followed by 1,400 IU (35 µg) daily for 150 days. The placebo group (n = 156) did not receive active ingredients.ResultsAt baseline, stratification into clinically relevant groups of vitamin D status (< 25; 25–50; 50–75; >75 nmol/L), showed an inverse association with total leucocyte concentrations (7.0 vs. 6.0 vs. 6.0 vs. 5.5 (109/L); p = 0.007), lymphocytes (2.4 vs. 2.1 vs. 2.0 vs. 2.0 (109/L); p = 0.048), CRP (2.0 vs. 1.7 vs. 1.2 vs. 1.2 (mg/L); p = 0.037), and orosomucoid (0.82 vs. 0.77 vs. 0.76 vs. 0.70 (g/L); p = 0.015). After 150 days, no differences were detected in WBC counts or APRs between the vitamin D3 and the placebo group. However, vitamin D3 treated men had a higher prevalence of self-reported RTIs compared with the placebo group (55% vs. 39%; p = 0.005).ConclusionsHigh-dose vitamin D3 supplementation did not alter WBCs or APRs, but a higher prevalence of respiratory infections was observed in the vitamin D3 group. Serum 25(OH)D3 was negatively correlated with most WBCs, indicating that vitamin D status may be linked with inflammation and WBC turnover, but not an important determinant of developing RTIs.Trial registrationNCT01304927 (ClinicalTrials.gov). Registered February 20, 2011.

Vitamin D ameliorates age-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by increasing the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) 60 level.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease. Despite intensive research, considerable information on NAFLD development remains elusive. In this study, we examined the effects of vitamin D on age-induced NAFLD, especially in connection with mitochondrial abnormalities. We observed the prevention of NAFLD in 22-month-old C57BL/6 mice fed a vitamin D3-supplemented (20,000 IU/kg) diet compared with mice fed a control (1000 IU/kg) diet. We evaluated whether vitamin D3 supplementation enhanced mitochondrial functions. We found that the level of mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) 60 (Mic60) level was reduced in aged mice, and this reduction was specifically restored by vitamin D3. In addition, depletion of Immt, the human gene encoding the Mic60 protein, induced changes in gene expression patterns that led to fat accumulation in both HepG2 and primary hepatocytes, and these alterations were effectively prevented by vitamin D3. In addition, silencing of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) decreased the Mic60 levels, which were recovered by vitamin D treatment. To assess whether VDR directly regulates Mic60 levels, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter gene analysis. We discovered that VDR directly binds to the Immt 5' promoter region spanning positions -3157 to -2323 and thereby upregulates Mic60. Our study provides the first demonstration that a reduction in Mic60 levels due to aging may be one of the mechanisms underlying the development of aging-associated NAFLD. In addition, vitamin D3 could positively regulate Mic60 expression, and this may be one of the important mechanisms by which vitamin D could ameliorate age-induced NAFLD.

Effect of low and high doses of vitamin D3 therapy on vitamin D3, antithyroid antibody and thyroid hormone levels in thyroid autoimmunity

Aims: Vitamin D3 deficiency is more common in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). Vitamin D3 supplementation in AITD is not questioned, but the required doses have been offered differently in several reports. This study attempts to provide a clinical answer as to what doses of vitamin D3 may be effective in AITD. Methods: Ninety-seven patients were included in the study: 44 with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), 26 with Graves ’disease (GD) and 27 controls. Serum vitamin D3, thyroid hormone and autoantibody levels against thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and TSH receptor were measured before and after treatment. Biochemical data were measured by a fully automated competitive chemiluminescence assay and presented as geometric mean(95% confidence interval). Results: Baseline vitamin D3 deficiency was detected in 22 out of 44 HT, 13 out of 26 GD and 19 out of 27 controls, and improved after vitamin D3 therapy. Vitamin D3 therapy significantly increased serum vitamin D3 levels in all patient groups [46.07(16.55-128.29) vs. 71.05(40.61-124.3) nmol/l, p&lt;0.0001 for HT, 44.27(8.98-218.25) vs. 64.22(38.85-106.16) nmol/l, p&lt;0.0207 for GD, and 39(15.57-97.73) vs. 59.32(27.27-129.03) nmol/l, p&lt;0.0003 for controls]. The increass in vitamin D3 levels was found after low-dose vitamin D3 therapy (&lt;7000 NE/week) in HT (p&lt;0.0001) and controls (p&lt;0.0002), but not in GD. The success of vitamin D3 therapy was dependent on high doses of vitamin D3 (&gt;7000 NE/week) in GD, but levels were lower in Graves’ ophthalmopathy (p&lt;0.0302). Anti-TPO antibody and TSH levels were decreased by low doses of vitamin D3 in HT, but FT4 and FT3 decreased, and TSH levels increased only by high doses in GD. Conclusion: The efficacy of vitamin D3 therapy was demonstrated in all patient groups. The greatest improvement in vitamin D3 status was seen in HT. A dose-dependency of vitamin D3 therapy was rather related to the improvement in GD.

Does vitamin D supplementation benefit patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus who are vitamin D deficient? A study was performed at the Sudan Childhood Diabetes Center from 2019 to 2022.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by insufficient production of insulin. Many studies have linked type 1 diabetes mellitus to vitamin D3 deficiency. We investigated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Sudanese children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and assessed the impact of vitamin D deficiency treatment on their glycemic control. In 2019-2022, we conducted a quasi-experimental study on 115 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (1-19 years old) at the Sudan Childhood Diabetes Center. Vitamin D supplements were given orally to deficient patients for 3 months. The concentrations of hemoglobin A1c, fasting blood glucose, insulin dosage, and vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)) were measured before and after vitamin D3 administration. One-way ANOVA and paired sample t-tests were used to evaluate the effect of supplementation. Only 27% of type 1 diabetes mellitus children were deficient in vitamin D, whereas 31.1% were inadequate and 40.9% were sufficient. The administration of vitamin D supplements slightly improved hemoglobin A1c levels in 67.7% of the patients, but the difference was not significant (mean 10.8 ± 2.1% before, 10.1 ± 2.5% after, p0.05 = 0.199). However, there was a significant decrease in the fasting blood glucose level (mean: 174.978.5-136.759.1 ng/ml; p0.05 = 0.049). Vitamin D levels were significantly increased after treatment (mean = 49.6 ng/mL; t-test = -11.6, 95% CI 40.8-(-28.6); p0.05 = 0.000). After vitamin D3 supplementation, 25.8% of individuals changed their insulin dosage; however, there was no significant variation in insulin needs. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Sudan is relatively high; incorporating vitamin D supplements in their treatment plan may improve their glycemic control.

The gut microbial composition in polycystic ovary syndrome with hyperandrogenemia and its association with steroid hormones.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by excess androgens, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries. The mechanisms underlying ovulatory and metabolic disorders in PCOS remain elusive, hampering therapeutic development. Enhanced metabolic health correlates with increased microbiota gene content and microbial diversity. We aimed to explore the impact of gut microbiota and serum steroids on PCOS regulation associated with androgen excess. Methods: The fecal samples of patients with hyperandrogenic PCOS (n = 14) and control group with PCOS (n = 14) were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The peripheral venous blood of all subjects was collected to detect serum hormones. The association between gut microbiota and serum hormones was analyzed with the R language. Results: Our findings reveal that the hyperandrogenic PCOS group exhibits lower richness and diversity of gut microbiota compared to the control group. Characteristic genera in PCOS patients with hyperandrogenism include Bifidobacterium, Enterobacteriaceae_unclassified, Streptococcus, Saccharimonadaceae, Enterococcus, and Eubacterium_nodatum_group. Five hormones, including 5β-androsterone, deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, 11-dehydrocorticosterone, and cortexolone, emerge as potential serum biomarkers for identifying patients with hyperandrogenic-PCOS (HA-PCOS). Furthermore, a lower vitamin D3 level may act as a susceptibility factor, suggesting that vitamin D3 supplementation could serve as a potential intervention for PCOS with hyperandrogenism. Conclusion: Specific fecal microbiota and serum steroids may be used as characteristic markers for clinical diagnosis of hyperandrogenic-PCOS. This research enhances our understanding of the intricate interplay among hormones, gut microbiota, and hyperandrogenemia in patients with PCOS.

Vitamin D3 Supplementation and Aquatic Exercise Combination as a Safe- Efficient Therapeutic Strategy to Ameliorate Interleukin-6 and 10, and Social Interaction in Children with Autism.

Increasing evidence demonstrated that there are altered levels of both pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and pointed out that immune dysfunction may also relate to social deficits. This study aimed to investigate the effect of aquatic exercise combined with vitamin D supplementation on social interaction and two related cytokines (Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10) in children with ASD. Forty boys with ASD (mean age: 10.90; age range: 6-14 years) were randomly assigned to the three interventions (groups 1, 2, and 3) and one control group (each 10 participants). Participants in the group 1 and 3 received a 10-week aquatic exercise program. Subjects in groups 2 and 3 took orally 50,000 IU of vitamin D3/week. This study evaluated the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10, as well as the participants' social interaction at baseline and post-intervention. Compared to the control group, all three interventions improved social skills scores (p< 0.001). Surprisingly, the combination strategy could significantly reduce IL-6 and increase IL-10 serum levels in children with ASD. Aqua-based exercise programs combined with vitamin D supplementation are recommended to benefit children with ASD and improve social and communication dysfunction.

Оценка обеспеченности витамином D и эффективности его саплементации у детей, находящихся длительно на безмолочном типе питания

The purpose — to determine the level of vitamin D availability and to evaluate the effectiveness of its supplementation in children who have been on a dairy-free diet for a long time. Material and methods. At the first stage of the study, the availability of vitamin D and calcium in children were assessed. 62 children were examined who had been on a dairy-free diet (group I). The control group consisted of 30 conditionally healthy children who did not keep any restrictive diets. At stage II, a scheme of vitamin D supplementation was proposed, which consisted in taking an aqueous solution of cholecalciferol in a therapeutic dose during one month, depending on the initial level of calcidiol in blood serum: at the level of 11–20 ng/ml (vitamin D deficiency), 3000 IU/day was prescribed, at the level of 21–29 ng/ml (insufficient vitamin D) — 2000 IU/day, switching to the dose of 1000 IU/day. Children with adequate provision of vitamin D were prescribed a prophylactic dose of cholecalciferol — 1000 IU/day. Subgroup Ia consisted of 32 children who received cholecalciferol supplementation. Subgroup Ib included 30 children who had no supplementation. The importance of daily consumption of foods rich in calcium and vitamin D was explained to children of both subgroups and their parents. The assessment of vitamin D and calcium availability was repeated after 4 months of follow-up. Results. The proportion of children with insufficient vitamin D in group I was 62.9%, which was statistically significantly higher (p &lt; 0.001) relative to the proportion of children with normal concentration or deficiency of vitamin D in blood serum. A decrease in serum calcium levels among patients of this group was found in 64.5% of children, which was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001) relative to children of the control group. After the course of cholecalciferol supplementation in subgroup Ia, insufficient vitamin D was found in 18.8%. Normal micronutrient availability was established in 81.2%. Among children of subgroup Ib, the proportion of children with normal vitamin D availability at the control visit was 33.3%, which was less (p &lt; 0.01) relative to subgroup Ia. Normal values of calcium in blood serum against the background of complementation were found in 78.1% of children of subgroup 1a and in 36.7% of children in subgroup 1b. Conclusions. For children who follow a dairy-free diet, insufficient vitamin D and calcium levels are characteristic. Supplementation with an aqueous solution of cholecalciferol has shown its effectiveness in normalizing the level of calcidiol and calcium in the blood serum of children on a dairy-free diet.

Рассеянный склероз: клинический случай применения витамина D

Treatment of multiple sclerosis is long and very expensive. Existing approaches do not provide a complete cure and improvement of the quality of life of patients, and this pathology often leads to disability. This article presents a clinical case of treatment of multiple sclerosis with vitamin D (cholecalciferol) supplements with positive results. The mechanisms of calcitriol’s action on the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis are discussed, and studies supporting the need to add vitamin D to the basic therapy for this pathology are presented. Key words: B- and T-cells, vitamin D, demyelination, calcidiol, calcitriol, multiple sclerosis, emyelination, cholecalciferol

The effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplementation in improving functional outcome of non-surgically treated symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis: Randomized controlled clinical trial – Pilot study

The effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplementation in improving functional outcome of non-surgically treated symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis: Randomized controlled clinical trial – Pilot study

Association of serum vitamin D, IL-6 levels, and bone mineral density in pre- and post-menopausal women suffering from osteoporosis before and after vitamin D3 supplementation therapy

Background: Estrogen deficiency and vitamin D deficiency simultaneously stimulate surge of cytokine production leads to increase osteoclastogenesis cause bone resorption. Treatment with vitamin D strongly stimulates calcium resorption and decreases bone turnover. Vitamin D also decreases interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, which further decreases the activity of osteoclast, which helps in regaining bone mineral density (BMD). Aims and Objectives: To assess and evaluate the link between serum vitamin D levels, BMD, and IL-6 levels in osteoporotic pre- and post-menopausal women. Materials and Methods: Three categories are formed among 36 female patients within the age group 30–55 years with osteoporosis: Group-1: Patients within age group 30–40 years; Group-2: Pre-menopausal patients within age group 40–55 years; and Group-3: Postmenopausal patients within age group 40–55 years. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels, IL-6 levels, and BMD scans were also done at baseline (day 0) before vitamin D supplementation and after 6 months of oral vitamin D therapy. Results: The comparison between mean values of IL-6, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level, and BMD at baseline and at 24th week was highly significant for all three groups, which showed that the post-menopausal group, i.e., Group-3, had the lowest vitamin D levels and the lowest bone mass as compared to the pre-menopausal groups, i.e., Group-2 and Group-1. It was observed that mean values of 25-hydroxy vitamin D and BMD at the 24th week significantly increased and IL-6 values significantly decreased in all the women after 24 weeks of Vitamin D therapy. Conclusion: There is a straight link between vitamin D and BMD in post-menopausal women and an opposite correlation between vitamin D and IL-6.

Vitamin D and Its Receptors in Cervical Cancer.

Several studies have investigated the relationship between vitamin D (VD) and its receptors (VDR) and the risk of cervical cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms that underpin these associations remain incompletely comprehended. In this review, we analyzed the impacts of VD and VDR on cervical cancer and related mechanisms, and discussed the effects of VD, calcium, and other vitamins on cervical cancer. Our literature research found that VD, VDR and their related signaling pathways played indispensable roles in the occurrence and progression of cervical cancer. Epidemiological studies have established associations between VD, VDR, and cervical cancer susceptibility. Current studies have shown that the inhibitory effect of VD and VDR on cervical cancer may be attributed to a variety of molecules and pathways, such as the EAG potassium channel, HCCR-1, estrogen and its receptor, p53, pRb, TNF-α, the PI3K/Akt pathway, and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. This review also briefly discussed the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and cervical cancer, albeit a comprehensive elucidation of this relationship remains an ongoing research endeavor. Additionally, the potential ramifications of VD, calcium, and other vitamins on cervical cancer has been elucidated, yet further exploration into the precise mechanistic underpinnings of these potential effects is warranted. Therefore, we suggest that further studies should focus on explorations into the intricate interplay among diverse molecular pathways and entities, elucidation of the mechanistic underpinnings of VDR polymorphic loci changes in the context of HPV infection and VD, inquiries into the mechanisms of VD in conjunction with calcium and other vitamins, as well as investigations of the efficacy of VD supplementation or VDR agonists as part of cervical cancer treatment strategies in the clinical trials.

Vitamin D [Serum 25(OH) cholecalciferol] Insufficiency is Associated With Childhood Asthma: Recent Case-Control Findings From Bangladesh.

Objectives. To evaluate the interaction between childhood asthma and S. 25(OH) cholecalciferol among Bangladeshi children. Methods. This case control study was conducted in child asthma clinic, Bangladesh Shishu Hospital Institute during March-August 2021. Comparison was made between clinically-diagnosed (following GINA guideline) asthmatic children (2-12 years-old) (cases = 87) and age and sex-matched children having no respiratory illness (controls = 90) using SPSS' (Statistical Package for Social Science, V.23.0 Windows) software. Results. Serum 25(OH) cholecalciferol was found to be significantly lower among the cases than the controls (P < .01). The cases had 3.4 times higher likelihood of having low vitamin D (combined deficient + insufficient) than the controls (P < .01). Conclusions. The results of the study demonstrate an association of Serum 25 (OH) cholecalciferol with asthma which underscores the importance of potential future trial to evaluate the efficacy of Vitamin-D supplementation for understanding the outcomes of asthmatic Bangladeshi children.

Влияние экзогенных и генетических факторов на уровень витамина D у детей с бронхиальной астмой в трех регионах Российской Федерации

The high prevalence and socioeconomic burden of bronchial asthma (BA) encourage scientists to continue active study of both exogenous and genetic factors influencing the course of BA. The connection between vitamin D deficiency and asthma in children has been shown in many studies. Work on the analysis of vitamin D content in patients with asthma is often carried out without taking into account the geographical location and level of insolation, and is also often performed on small samples of patients, which makes it difficult to interpret the results obtained. Studies devoted to the connection between genetic polymorphisms of the VDR gene and AD with a comprehensive analysis of the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors are rare and provide contradictory results. That is why the present study compared the supply of vitamin D with clinical phenotypes of asthma, the response to cholecalciferol supplementation and genetic markers that influence 25(OH)D metabolism among children of three equidistant regions of the Russian Federation. Objective. Тo study the 25(OH)D content of children with bronchial asthma (BA) depending on exogenous factors (region of residence, volume of basic therapy, intake of vitamin D from food, dietary supplementation with cholecalciferol) and endogenous factors (gender, age, course characteristics AD, VDR gene polymorphism genotypes). Patients and methods. The study included 160 children with asthma (median age 8.55 years), the comparison group consisted of 333 children (median age 6.4 years). All subjects were assessed for calcidiol levels in different seasons of the year. Testing of polymorphic variants of the VDR gene (c.1206T&gt;C, c.1175-9G&gt;T, c.152T&gt;C, c.1174+283G&gt;A) was carried out using PCR and RFLP analysis. Results. The average level of 25(OH)D in patients with BA and healthy children was significantly different and was 21.3 ng/ml in patients with BA and 29.6 ng/ml in healthy children (p &lt; 0.01). It was revealed that 89.62% of patients with asthma and 60.8% of healthy children had a low supply of vitamin D (p &lt; 0.05). The frequency of severe deficiency in children with asthma was 23.7%; no pronounced deficiency was recorded among healthy children. A 25(OH)D concentration of 10–20 ng/ml was more often observed in asthma (46.66%) compared to healthy children (26.5%). It was found that 25(OH)D deficiency 21–29 ng/ml was more often recorded in healthy children (34.3%) compared to BA (19.25%, p &lt; 0.05). Low 25(OH)D levels are observed among 92.6% of patients with BA from Krasnoyarsk, among all patients with BA from Stavropol and 70.6% of patients with BA from Moscow. There was no effect of vitamin D content in food on the concentration of 25(OH)D in the blood. Taking vitamin D in doses from 500 IU to 1500 IU per day does not significantly increase the level of 25(OH)D and achieve optimal vitamin D status. Patients with the minor genotype AA of the BsmlI VDR gene polymorphism do not respond by increasing the level of 25(OH)D in response for supplementation. Conclusion. The status of vitamin D in asthma in the Russian Federation does not depend on the climatic and geographical characteristics of the region of residence, the intake of vitamin D from food and PSS during prophylaxis with standard doses of cholecalciferol, but is determined by gender, age, season of the year, lack of intake or intake of a low preventive dose cholecalciferol (less than 1000 IU), as well as the influence of BsmlI polymorphism of the VDR gene. Key words: bronchial asthma, children, vitamin D, supplementation, VDR gene