Varying Reynolds Number Research Articles

Combined space–time reduced-order model with three-dimensional deep convolution for extrapolating fluid dynamics

There is a critical need for efficient and reliable active flow control strategies to reduce drag and noise in aerospace and marine engineering applications. While traditional full-order models based on the Navier–Stokes equations are not feasible, advanced model reduction techniques can be inefficient for active control tasks, especially with strong non-linearity and convection-dominated phenomena. Using convolutional recurrent autoencoder network architectures, deep-learning-based reduced-order models have been recently shown to be effective while performing several orders of magnitude faster than full-order simulations. However, these models encounter significant challenges outside the training data, limiting their effectiveness for active control and optimization tasks. In this study, we aim to improve the extrapolation capability by modifying the network architecture and integrating coupled space–time physics as an implicit bias. Reduced-order models via deep learning generally employ decoupling in spatial and temporal dimensions, which can introduce modeling and approximation errors. To alleviate these errors, we propose a novel technique for learning coupled spatial–temporal correlation using a three-dimensional convolution network. We assess the proposed technique against a standard encoder–propagator–decoder model and demonstrate a superior extrapolation performance. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the three-dimensional convolution network, we consider a benchmark problem of the flow past a circular cylinder at laminar flow conditions and use the spatiotemporal snapshots from the full-order simulations. Our proposed three-dimensional convolution architecture accurately captures the velocity and pressure fields for varying Reynolds numbers. Compared to the standard encoder–propagator–decoder network, the spatiotemporal-based three-dimensional convolution network improves the prediction range of Reynolds numbers outside of the training data.

Reaction performance in T-, X- and arrow-shaped microdevices

Microreactors are widely used for continuous flow operations. The assessment of their performance has a crucial role in determining the optimal geometries and working conditions. Among the most common geometries, we compare T-, X- and arrow-shaped devices to highlight how flow features, mixing degree and residence time affect the reaction yield and productivity. We focus on the steady flow regimes occurring in the three devices fed with reactive streams for varying Reynolds numbers. The Reynolds number, Rei, is herein based on the bulk velocity and the inlet-channel hydraulic diameter. The flow regimes presenting a central vortex in the mixing channel, found in X- and arrow-microreactors, lead to the best mixing and reaction yield. For Rei≤ 120 the maximum productivity is obtained with the X-microreactor, whereas above Rei = 120, with the arrow-reactor. Conversely, lower reaction yields and productivities are found in the T-microreactor, which exhibits an engulfment regime with two co-rotating vortices in the mixing channel. It is thus evident that the spiral pattern induced by a single central vortex extends the contact area between the reactants and leads to better performance. In terms of reaction cost, for the lower productivity values, the associated pressure drops are similar for all three geometries. For higher productivities, the best performance, i.e., the lowest pressure drops, is reached in the arrow-microreactor, followed by the T- and, then, by the X-device.

Thermal Performance Analysis of Plate Fin Arrays with Different Perforations under Varying Reynolds Number

Thermal Performance Analysis of Plate Fin Arrays with Different Perforations under Varying Reynolds Number

Asymmetric wakes in flows past circular cylinders confined in channels

In this paper, we investigate the flow past a circular cylinder confined in a channel at a blockage ratio of $\beta =0.7$ (the ratio of the cylinder diameter and the channel height) for Reynolds numbers between ${\textit {Re}}=300$ and $3900$ using direct numerical simulation (DNS). We show for varying Reynolds numbers a wide range of wake dynamics occur as the spanwise domain length is changed. At a lower Reynolds number of ${\textit {Re}}=300$ , a reverse von Kármán wake alongside either a top- or bottom-biased asymmetry was observed at different spanwise locations. The asymmetry was structurally similar the two-dimensional asymmetry studied by prior investigators, and was found to be a result of the confinement effect. Further, wake-jumping between the two intermittent states was present. For larger Reynolds numbers, ${\textit {Re}}=1000$ and $3900$ , these asymmetric structures were found to become dominant. We also examine the dependence of the asymmetries on the spanwise domain. For small spanwise domains the asymmetries were uniformly orientated across the span. In contrast, for sufficiently large spanwise domains, the asymmetry flips its orientation at different spanwise locations. Comparisons of flow statistics demonstrate good agreement between the different spanwise domains, which suggests the same mechanism maintains the asymmetry in both cases. Further analysis at ${\textit {Re}}=1000$ found the number of times the wake flips is dependent on the initial conditions, with a wake that flips zero (purely asymmetric), two and four times being observed. These structures were also determined to remain stable over time scales of $1000D/U$ .

Thermal performance investigation of double pipe heat exchanger embedded with extended surfaces using nanofluid technique as enhancement

In the present work, a numerical investigation of heat transfer enhancement in a “double pipe heat exchanger” embedded with an extended surface on the inner tube's outer surface with the addition of “Alumina nanofluid” has been carried out. Through the annuli, water with varying mass flow rates (0.03–0.07 kg/s) and hot de-ionized water with varying Reynolds numbers (250–2500) flows, while hot de-ionized water flows through the inner tube. One type of nanoparticle (Al2O3) having volume concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%) was used during simulation. Numerical analysis was performed using Computational Fluid dynamics, and the Solid works was used to generate the model. A Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations technique was used to solve the governing equations and discretized using the finite volume method. The simulated results show that the use of a finned tube heat exchanger resulted in an improvement ratio between (2.3) and (3.1). The coefficient of convective heat transfer increased numerically as the volume concentration and Reynolds number increased. The heat transfer coefficient and thermal conductivity rise by 20% and 4.7%, respectively, at a volume concentration of 5%.

Shape Optimization of an Asymmetric Airfoil for Low Wind Speed Region having Adjoint-Based Optimization Technique

The land needed to install wind turbines is shrinking as power generation from renewable energy sources increases significantly. A large number of studies are being conducted to maximize the power extraction from wind turbines in areas with low wind speeds. Wind turbine blades play a significant role in utilizing the maximum amount of energy from the wind. The aerodynamic performance of a wind turbine blade depends on the airfoil shape. The shape optimization of an asymmetric S2027 airfoil for a low wind speed region was investigated using the adjoint-based optimization technique. The primary objectives of this study were to maximize the lift coefficient, minimize the drag coefficient, and maximize the lift-to-drag ratio. The optimization is based on the adjoint method for Reynolds number variation in the range of 2 × 105 to 5 × 105 and an angle of attack variation from 0° to 12°. A two-dimensional Reynolds–Averaged Navier–Strokes Computational Fluid Dynamics model was created with all the operating parameters and used for optimization. The aerodynamic performance was validated experimentally. For each optimization function, approximately 16 shapes were obtained. The aerodynamic performance for each optimized shape was determined under different operating conditions. Different airfoil shapes with a specific chord, leading and trailing edges, and span arrangement was obtained. The drag coefficient was reduced by 2%–30%; the lift coefficient was improved by 2%–35%, and the lift-to-drag ratio was improved up to 40%.

Residual dynamic mode decomposition: robust and verified Koopmanism

Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) describes complex dynamic processes through a hierarchy of simpler coherent features. DMD is regularly used to understand the fundamental characteristics of turbulence and is closely related to Koopman operators. However, verifying the decomposition, equivalently the computed spectral features of Koopman operators, remains a significant challenge due to the infinite-dimensional nature of Koopman operators. Challenges include spurious (unphysical) modes and dealing with continuous spectra, which both occur regularly in turbulent flows. Residual dynamic mode decomposition (ResDMD), introduced by Colbrook & Townsend (Rigorous data-driven computation of spectral properties of Koopman operators for dynamical systems. 2021. arXiv:2111.14889), overcomes such challenges through the data-driven computation of residuals associated with the full infinite-dimensional Koopman operator. ResDMD computes spectra and pseudospectra of general Koopman operators with error control and computes smoothed approximations of spectral measures (including continuous spectra) with explicit high-order convergence theorems. ResDMD thus provides robust and verified Koopmanism. We implement ResDMD and demonstrate its application in various fluid dynamic situations at varying Reynolds numbers from both numerical and experimental data. Examples include vortex shedding behind a cylinder, hot-wire data acquired in a turbulent boundary layer, particle image velocimetry data focusing on a wall-jet flow and laser-induced plasma acoustic pressure signals. We present some advantages of ResDMD: the ability to resolve nonlinear and transient modes verifiably; the verification of learnt dictionaries; the verification of Koopman mode decompositions; and spectral calculations with reduced broadening effects. We also discuss how a new ordering of modes via residuals enables greater accuracy than the traditional modulus ordering (e.g. when forecasting) with a smaller dictionary. This result paves the way for more significant dynamic compression of large datasets without sacrificing accuracy.

Thermohydraulic experiments on a supercritical carbon dioxide–air microtube heat exchanger

Heat exchangers are critical components in supercritical CO2 Brayton cycles and provide necessary heat input, recovery, and dissipation. Tubular heat exchangers with unconventionally small tube sizes (tube diameters less than 5 mm) are promising components for supercritical CO2 cycles and potentially provide excellent structural stability with wide scope of application. This paper provides essential design and fabrication guidelines for a compact shell-and-tube heat exchanger with microtubes (with an inner diameter equal to 1.75 mm). A heat exchanger test rig is used to evaluate the thermohydraulic performance of this heat exchanger with supercritical CO2 and air as working fluids. Thermohydraulic data are reported for more than forty sets of experiments with varying Reynolds numbers for shell and tube flows. Critical performance metrics are calculated from the data and compared with predictions from a previously described numerical model. The average deviations between the experimental and model results fall within 10% for all critical metrics. This excellent agreement validates the numerical model for supercritical CO2 heat exchanger optimization and scale-up.

MODULATION OF RECIRCULATION ZONE BEHIND A CUBICAL OBSTRUCTION BY THE VERTICALLY PLACED TURBULENT MULTIJETS IN THE FORM OF SHOWER

The present numerical work reports the application of jets for modulating and eradicating the recirculation zone in the wake region behind a fully submerged two-dimensional square cross-section bluff body for high Reynolds number flow. The wake region of the bluff body is characterized by a strong recirculation zone and vortex shedding, leading to unwanted vortex-induced vibrations that may instigate structural damage. Jets of varying Reynolds number and center-to-center distance are explored to look into the most effective jet Reynolds number and jet spread in completely modulating the recirculation region. The numerical simulation is based on a two-phase volume-of-fluid model with open channel boundary conditions. The standard k-ω SST two-equation turbulence model is applied to close the time-averaged-momentum and continuity equations. The negative mean streamwise velocity signifies the recirculation region, and streamline contour plots are made to identify it. The variation in discharge velocity of the jet series is carried out for reallocation or complete disappearance of the recirculation region.

Enhancing flow structure in heat exchangers analysis of dynamic and thermal air-flow behavior with perforated and inclined baffles

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the dynamic and thermal behavior of air-flow within a heat exchanger equipped with two distinctive baffles: a perforated baffle and a partially inclined baffle. The influence of hole positioning in the perforated baffle on the overall performance of the heat exchanger is thoroughly investigated through a systematic examination of temperature curves at varying Reynolds number values. The results demonstrate significant enhancements in flow characteristics attributed to the presence of these baffles. The flow structure exhibits prominent main currents across the gaps and secondary currents through the holes. The inclusion of these barriers leads to significant deformations and the emergence of well-developed recycling cells in the form of vortices. Both the perforated and inclined baffles effectively reduce pressure values on their frontal regions, thereby mitigating friction losses. Furthermore, the introduction of a perforation in the lower part of the baffle induces a more turbulent flow compared to the other cases. This is attributed to the expansion of the recirculating cells, resulting in improved fluid mixing and subsequent enhancement of thermal energy gain. These findings offer valuable insights into the design and optimization of heat exchangers, enabling improved performance and efficiency in various engineering applications.

A CFD modeling of heat transfer between CGNPs/H2O Eco-friendly nanofluid and the novel nature-based designs heat sink: Hybrid passive techniques for CPU cooling

A Control Volume-based numerical study of laminar flow and heat transfer of a single-phase Covalently functionalized Graphene Nanoplatelets (CGNPs)/H2O green nanofluid in a liquid block heat sink with novel fin design and nature-based algorithms (honeycomb, ternate veiny, snowflake, and spider netted) baseplate’s designs conducted for cooling of Central Processing Unit (CPU) in the electronic package. The User Defined Function (UDF) code was used to apply the temperature-dependent thermos-physical properties of CGNPs/H2O green nanofluid to the ANSYS-Fluent 2021 R2. The influence of Reynolds number variation, nanoparticles volume fraction, and the baseplate’s designs on the CPU temperature, pumping power, Heat Transfer Coefficient (HTC), and thermal efficiency of the heat sink have been analyzed. The spider netted baseplate design reduced the maximum temperature of the liquid block by about 8.5K in comparison with the Ternate veiny baseplate design. The heat transfer coefficient has a direct relationship with nanofluid concentration and Reynolds number and the best case in terms of HTC improvement is related to (CGNPs 0.100%wt/H2O,Re=2000) with HTC about 8582.3 W.m-2K-1. Moreover, the most thermal output improvement in comparison with the simple model liquid block heat sink is about 8.5% which is related to the liquid block with spider netted baseplate design and CGNPs 0.075%wt/H2O green nanofluid flow.

Investigating the characteristics of flow past an elliptic moving belt

Laminar flow past a bluff body includes various physical aspects that can be important in engineering applications. In the present article, a numerical investigation of the laminar flow around an elliptic moving belt with a fixed axis ratio (minor to major diameter ratio) of 0.25 was carried out. The studied parameters were the angle of attack (α) and speed ratio (ratio of belt's speed to free stream velocity, k) ranging from 0o to 30o, and 0 to 4, respectively. The Reynolds numbers based on the major diameter of the belt were 200 and 500. To obtain the objective parameters such as the aerodynamic coefficients, flow patterns, pressure and skin friction distributions, the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations were numerically solved using an in-house, high-order, pressure-velocity coupling algorithm. Based on the results achieved by this study, the belt's motion caused the reduction of the viscous effects on the upper surface. as the speed ratio increased, the skin friction coefficient on the upper surface of the belt was reduced. Three flow patterns as: steady flow without vortex, steady flow with stationary vortex, and unsteady flow with vortex shedding were formed in the considered problem. Moreover, the aerodynamic investigation of the moving belt indicated that the belt's motion enhanced the lift coefficient and decreased the drag coefficient. At the higher Reynolds number, the drag coefficients were less than that of the lower one, while the Reynolds number variation had a little effect on the lift coefficients.

Experimental exploration on stable expansion phenomenon of sheath flow in viscous microfluidics

Microfluidic technologies have been developed for decades, especially in bio-chemical research and applications. Among them, sheath flow is one of the most well-known techniques used for focusing microparticles into extremely narrow widths. With varying Reynolds numbers, sheath flow displays different behaviors, including diffusion, stable thread, and turbulence. In this study, a previously unknown phenomenon, namely, stable expansion, is originally reported in a 200 × 70 μm microchannel with a Reynolds number ranging from ∼10 to ∼110. This stable expansion of focusing width differs from all the reported phenomena in the literature and is experimentally explored in this study. First, the phenomenon is introduced, identified, and comprehensively described using different experimental samples and methods. Subsequently, an image processing algorithm of post-analysis is proposed and calibrated by the theoretical results of stable thread. Based on the calibrated standard protocol, the effects of flow rates and a hysteresis phenomenon due to variation in the flow rate are revealed and studied. In addition, the effects of fluid viscosity are investigated by introducing a mixture of deionized (DI) water and glycerin. It is found that, in this 200 × 70 μm2 (weight × height) microchannel made of PDMS, the stable expansion phenomenon will occur when the Reynolds number exceeds 10, and the expanded width will increase with total flow rate. Moreover, it is found that the expanded width in a flow rate reducing route is displayed to be wider than that in an increasing route. On the other hand, a high viscosity contrast (>40) between the middle sample and sheath flows can eliminate the focusing width expansion. The results indicate that this originally revealed phenomenon is experimentally repeatable and worth further studying to help researchers better understand the mechanism of microfluidics.

Investigation on the thermohydraulic performance and entropy-generation of novel butterfly-wing vortex generator in a rectangular microchannel

• A new butterfly-wing vortex generator is introduced on the bottom wall of microchannel. • Thermohydraulic performance and entropy-generation in microchannel are investigated. • The maximum Pf of 1.23 and minimum N s , a of 0.84 are obtained . • The proposed microchannel is advantageous according 1 st & 2 nd law of thermodynamics. In the present study, a 3D numerical analysis is carried out to understand the effect of the butterfly-wing vortex generator on the thermohydraulic performance and entropy-generation in a rectangular microchannel. To validate the numerical model, experiments are carried out in the plain microchannel of width ( W ) = 1 mm, height ( H ) = 0.63 mm, and length ( L ) = 50 mm. Further, the simulation is extended to study the effect of several geometric parameters of the butterfly-wing vortex generator, i.e., height ( h ) = 0.05, 0.1 & 0.2 mm, bigger width ( w ) = 0.24, 0.36 & 0.48 mm, smaller width ( b ) = 0.12, 0.18 & 0.24 mm, length ( l ) = 1, 2 & 3 mm, and number of wings ( n ) = 5, 8 & 11 with varying Reynolds number ( R e ) in the range of 142 to 945. Thus, a total of tweleve different combination of microchannel are formed by varying the geometric parameters of the butterfly-wing to carry out the parametric study. The simulation results reveal that the presence of the butterfly-wing vortex generator enhances the convective heat transfer rate (10-26)% with an increase in pressure drop (3-14)%, and reduces the total entropy-generation (3-16)% when compared to a plain microchannel. It is also found that with an increase in h, n, and w, the friction factor ( f ) increases (7-13)%, (3-8)% and (1-9)%, respectively,while the average Nusselt number ( Nu avg ) increases (4-11)%, (4-9)%, and (5-12)%, respectively, by increasing Re value from 142 to 945. However, the l has no significant effect on f and Nu avg . A decreasing trend of Nu avg is seen for increasing b, whereas f does not vary significantly with b . The total entropy generation ( S G ) decreasing with the increase in h , n , and w and remain invariant for b and l . For the studied geometric parameters and Re values, the maximum increase in performance of 23% and a maximum reduction in total entropy-generation of 16% are obtained for the microchannel with butterfly-wing of w = 0.48 mm, b = 0.24 mm, l = 3 mm, h = 0.1 mm, n = 5 at Re = 945.

Study on heat transfer performance of fin-and-tube heat exchanger with elliptical fins

In the present work, three-dimensional numerical analysis was carried out for thermo-fluid analysis of annular fin-and-tube heat exchangers (AFTHE) with circular fins and elliptical fins having varying Reynolds number (Re) changed from 4000 to 9000. The effects of the angle of attack (α) and the ratio of long diameter to short diameter (LDR) for elliptical fins on heat transfer characteristics and flow structures were studied and analyzed in inline arrangement tubes. The thermo-hydraulic performance criteria which include Nusselt number (Nu), friction factor (f), and London area goodness factor (JF) were also compared. The results showed that the heat transfer performance of the AFTHE with elliptical fins was better than that of AFTHE with circular fins, except for elliptical fins with an α of 90°. The JF for AFTHE with elliptical fins, when the value of α was 0°, was optimal, which improved by 42.08 % based on the AFTHE with circular fins. When α was 0°, the JF of the AFTHE with elliptical fins was proportional to the LDR, where the LDR of 1.5 was improved by 43.52 % from the AFTHE with circular fins. And the results were well in line with the entropy generation.

Two layer thin film flow over a stretching sheet with uniform transverse magnetic field

The objective of the present work is to study the effect of uniform transverse magnetic field on two immiscible thin liquid film flow over a linear stretching sheet. Applying similarity transformations, the guiding Navier–Stokes equations have been transformed into a system of non-linear partial differential equations, which are numerically solved by the finite difference method. The effects of the governing parameters viz. magnetic field parameter Mn, density ratio m, viscosity ratio n, thickness ratio δ and Reynolds number Re1 are analyzed in detail. It is found that the effect of varying Reynolds number is more pronounced on film thinning in presence of uniform transverse magnetic field.

A Low-Cost Algorithm for Uncertainty Quantification Simulations of Steady-State Flows: Application to Ocular Hemodynamics

An algorithm for the calculation of steady-state flowing under uncertain conditions is introduced in this work in order to obtain a probabilistic distribution of uncertain problem parameters. This is particularly important for problems with increased uncertainty, as typical deterministic methods are not able to fully describe all possible flow states of the problem. Standard methods, such as polynomial expansions and Monte Carlo simulations, are used for the formation of the generalized problem described by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Since every realization of the uncertainty parameter space is coupled with non-linear terms, an incremental iterative procedure was adopted for the calculation. This algorithm adopts a Jacobi-like iteration methodology to decouple the equations and solve them one by one until there is overall convergence. The algorithm was tested in a typical artery geometry, including a bifurcation with an aneurysm, which consists of a well-documented biological flow test case. Additionally, its dependence on the uncertainty parameter space, i.e., the inlet velocity distribution, the Reynolds number variation, and parameters of the procedure, i.e., the number of polynomial expansions, was studied. Symmetry exists in probabilistic theories, similar to the one adopted by the present work. The results of the simulations conducted with the present algorithm are compared against the same but unsteady flow with a time-dependent inlet velocity profile, which represents a typical cardiac cycle. It was found that the present algorithm is able to correctly describe the flow field, as well as capture the upper and lower limits of the velocity field, which was made periodic. The comparison between the present algorithm and the typical unsteady one presented a maximum error of ≈2% in the common carotid area, while the error increased significantly inside the bifurcation area. Moreover, “sensitive” areas of the geometry with increased parameter uncertainty were identified, a result that is not possible to be obtained while using deterministic algorithms. Finally, the ability of the algorithm to tune the parameter limits was successfully tested.

One-dimensional calculation approach for gaseous clearance flows

Clearance flows do strongly influence the efficiency of dry-running positive displacement machines. To model the operation behaviour of the machines an accurate prediction of the clearance mass flows is crucial. If a chamber model simulation is used, the clearance mass flows are commonly estimate with simple equation to keep the computational effort low. Therefore, regression functions or coefficient databases are built into simulation. However, finding such functions or coefficients is a challenging and expensive task since many boundary conditions and geometry parameters must be varied in experiment or simulation. To reduce the effort of clearance analysis this paper presents a one-dimensional approach to estimate the clearance mass flow in e.g. dry-running screw-type compressors, based on the well-known differential equation of A.H. Shapiro for compressible flow of ideal gases. The friction is modelled with respect to laminar and turbulent flow. The flow separation and the friction of laminar flow are modelled based on the solutions of the Jeffery-Hamel flow. The friction in the turbulent regime is modelled by the Blasius expression, while the flow separation criteria is assumed to be the same as for laminar flow. The moving clearance wall is modelled assuming a superposition of Couette and Poiseuille flow. In addition, the heat transfer between gas and clearance boundary as well as gas rarefaction can also be optionally modelled. Results of the one-dimensional approach are compared to measurements and 3D-CFD simulations from the literature, varying Reynolds number and wall velocity.

Parametric investigation on the thermo-hydraulic performance of a novel solar air heater design with conical protruded nozzle jet impingement

A numerical investigation is carried out on heat transfer behaviour of a novel solar air heater (SAH) design with impinging jets through conical protruded nozzles using CFD simulations. The impact of non-dimensional parameters is analyzed by varying the nozzle length ratio (Ln/Dh) from 0.0434 to 0.434, nozzle throat diameter ratio (Dnt/Dh) from 0.0217 to 0.1086 and nozzle base diameter ratio (Dnb/Dh) from 0.0434 to 0.1086 for Reynolds number (Re) variations from 2900 to 14300. The present results with jet impingement design have been compared with a conventional parallel flow SAH under similar conditions and also with some existing designs. Results show that for a combination of Ln/Dh = 0.2608, Dnt/Dh = 0.0217, and Dnb/Dh = 0.0652, the highest thermal efficiency of 91.25 % and exergy efficiency of 3.55 % are obtained at Re value of 14,300 and 2900, respectively. Also, the highest Nusselt number (Nu) of 223.18 is observed for the same combinations at Re = 14300, whereas the highest thermo-hydraulic performance parameter (THPP) of 3.65 is observed for Re = 5740 owing to minimum pressure drop across the collector. With much improved thermal efficiency and THPP, the proposed design and the developed CFD model can be used for further development of impinging jet SAH design.

Investigation of Mono-Crystalline Photovoltaic Active Cooling Thermal System for Hot Climate of Pakistan

Climate change is causing adverse and diverse effects on human beings in term of severe diseases, melting of ice, and increase temperatures, which are directly linked to the consumption of traditional fossil fuels. These fuels can only be replaced by exploring renewable energy technologies, and photovoltaic solar modules are the most promising choice among them. This paper investigates electrical output in term of efficiency and power of a monocrystalline photovoltaic module under climatic conditions of Lahore, Pakistan in an effort to enhance electrical performance based on laminar and turbulent flow boundary conditions. A computational model of a PV module was designed and investigated, when the solar irradiance was observed to be maximum at 920.64 W/m2. Initially, the total flux received and absorbed by PV module was observed to be at 179.37 W/m2 after ray tracing analysis in Trace Pro; thereafter, the module’s temperature increased to 65.86 °C, causing an electrical efficiency drops to 15.65% from 19.40% without applying active cooling schemes. A coupling of Ansys Fluent and Steady State Thermal Analysis was performed for thermal management of a PV module by selecting water and air as a coolant at inlet temperature of 25 °C through microchannels contingent upon varying Reynolds numbers. The results maintained that the optimum coolant outlet temperature (49.86 °C), average PV cell’s layer temperature (32.42 °C), and temperature uniformity (4.16 °C) are achieved by water at 224, 6710, and 4200 Reynolds numbers respectively. In addition, again water maintained 18.65% of electrical efficiency and 33.65 W power output at 6710 Reynolds number. On the other hand, air-based cooling lagged behind water by 14% in term of efficiency and power output at maximum Reynolds number (6710).