Various Kinds Of Risks Research Articles

Juridical Review of Cyber Security Mobile Banking Digitalization Process For Legal Protection of Customers

Indeed, the emergence of the bank's digitalization process does not necessarily eliminate the possibility of errors in its operation., both intentional and unintentional errors, one of the intentional errors is Fraud and/or cybercrime (as a crime that occurs through or on computer networks on the internet) in electronic services from this digitalization, which causes losses to other parties in the case of Digital Banks is the customer. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the Security System of Digital Banking Services and Responsibility for Electronic Transactions of Digital Banking Services. In analyzing, the juridical-normative research method is used. The results showed that the realization of legal protection against customers for fraud or cybercrime that occurs in Digital Bank transaction activities can be seen from how the efforts of the government and the Authority in the Financial Services sector regulate and limit various interests and powers so that they do not collide with each other and are optimally organized. Commercial Banks are required to carry out their business activities prudently and implement Good Corporate Governance, Risk Management, and Consumer Protection will be better prepared to face various kinds of risks arising from the provision of Mobile Banking services, because if this is not done, the loss will be felt not only by service users but the Commercial Bank itself as a service provider, as can be seen in the case example in the decision.

Basel Capital Regulations over Pre and Post Basel III Regime: An Indian Scenario

The adequacy of capital has become a concerned issue because banks being the highly leveraged sector face high risks. So, it is desirable to know at which level of capital is adequate for banks. The focus on capital have existed for a long time but now the definition of capital has changed for banking business due to changes and advancement in banking operations. A bank with higher capital adequacy ratio is considered safe and capable to meet its obligations. The Reserve Bank of India requires all scheduled commercial banks to meet the capital level as stipulated under Basel III norms to comply with international standards. According to the guidelines of Bank for International Settlements (BIS), the banks should maintain that level of capital where a bank can easily recover unexpected shocks and crisis. The adequacy of capital is the measure of financial soundness of banks and indicator of financial health of banks. The banking activities are exposed to various kinds of risks and to manage these risks, banks must maintain sufficient capital. Therefore, it is necessary to set the regulatory guidelines for limits of capital hold by banks. Thus, the present study intends to examine the trends and consistency of capital adequacy ratio of twenty one Indian public sector banks for the period of ten years (2008–2017). The results conclude that the level of capital ratio as per Basel III norms maintained by Indian public sector banks determines the bank’s strength and position.

Methodological Approaches to the Classification of Risks to Sustainable Development of the Agro-food Complex of Russia

The relevance of the proposed topic is due to the need to develop the theory and methodology to improve the sustainability of the Russian agro-food complex (AIC) in the face of various kinds of risks. The article describes the agro-food complex as a complex and open socio-ecological and economic system in which socio-economic processes are closely related to the biophysical environment. A methodical approach to the classification of risks of the agro-food complex based on the principles of sustainable development, combining social, economic and environmental components, is proposed. A meaningful analysis of economic, social and environmental risks in the Russian agro-industrial complex has been carried out. A comparative analysis of the list of risks in the current regulatory and legislative framework that determines the development of the agro-food complex is presented. It has been established that as macroeconomic trends and internal priorities of socio-economic development change, so do the directions of agri-food policy. The strengthening of the influence of external destabilizing factors required a focus on solving the problem of maintaining the sustainability of agri-food systems, which is expressed primarily in maintaining the integrity of food chains, ensuring the physical and economic availability of high-quality food by intensifying reproduction processes. Environmental priorities have faded into the background. It is substantiated that, regardless of belonging to a classification group, the total set of risks inherent in agri-food systems does not change. Economic, social and environmental risks are interconnected, therefore, the importance of each of the considered types of risks in the development of the agro-industrial complex is not reduced.

Analisis Pengaruh Penggunaan Asuransi Contractor All Risk, Bunga Bank, dan Bagi Hasil Terhadap Pengalihan Potensi Risiko pada Proyek Konstruksi

Implementation of a construction project will give rise to various kinds of risks during its work, so risk management is needed to reduce and transfer risks that will occur during construction project work. One alternative risk transfer to reduce potential risks in construction projects is to use Contractor All Risk Insurance (CAR), which is one of the engineering insurance products issued by general insurance companies, especially by general insurance companies in Indonesia. This research aims to test the influence of the variables Use of CAR Insurance (X1), Bank Interest (X2), and Profit Sharing (X3) on Reducing Potential Risks on Construction Projects (Y3). The research locations are 20 construction service companies in Jakarta, which use CAR insurance. The population of this research is employees who work at these 20 companies. The number of samples was 220 respondents. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The primary data collection technique is through survey techniques with a 1-5 Likert Scale questionnaire as the research instrument. Secondary data collection techniques using document and literature studies. The data analysis technique uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), with Lisrel 8.80 software. The research results show that the three independent variables, namely Use of CAR Insurance (X1), Bank Interest (X2), and Profit Sharing (X3) partially have a positive and significant effect on Reducing Potential Risks in Construction Projects (Y3).

KESADARAN KEAMANAN DAN PRIVASI DATA PENGGUNA WHATSAPP (STUDI KASUS DI PROVINSI JAWA BARAT)

Social media applications provide convenience with the features available but can also cause problems, such as security and privacy, in their use, which is also possible in WhatsApp. The condition of security and privacy awareness among WhatsApp users can be an illustration of how users are aware of minimizing various kinds of risks that can arise when using WhatsApp. This study provides an overview of WhatsApp usage, security awareness, and privacy data from respondents, and sociodemographic relationships with the synthesis framework of data security and privacy in WhatsApp usage. The study was conducted quantitatively, with WhatsApp users in West Java Province serving as the unit of analysis and the locus. The questionnaire instrument was distributed online through time sampling within a certain period and accidental sampling. The results of the study provide an overview of WhatsApp usage. The perspective on data security and privacy in West Java Province also shows that many respondents have this awareness. The relationship between sociodemographic variables and the use of WhatsApp shows significant results in several main areas, namely the information security area, the perceived mobile apps area, the perceived control area, and the disclosure information detection area.

Discretion in Terms of Digitalization

Currently, information technologies are being developed and introduced into various spheres of public relations. State regulation and the judicial system are no exception. In this regard, not only the formats of legal relations are changing, but also traditional approaches in justice and administrative regulation. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of discretion in various kinds of relations and the political and legal system. Separately, the issues of judicial discretion and internal conviction of the judge in the conditions of digitalization are investigated. The purpose of this work is to determine legal decisions based on information technology and the implementation of judicial discretion in modern conditions. The above goal is realized by identifying the reasons for the lack of an effective assessment of discretion in various areas of public administration. The research methods are formal-legal, logical, and systematic. Brief conclusions are the need to develop legal discretion in modern national realities. The authors distinguish between the content of “judicial discretion” and “internal conviction” of a judge from the perspective of the implementation of professional activity in the conditions of digitalization and technologization of justice. The necessity and efforts of the leading role of the court (in the person of a particular judge) from the perspective of the emergence of various kinds of risks with the widespread use of digital products, as this contributes to the abuse of the law, are noted.

Topical issues of legal regulation of artificial intelligence in the context of the need to ensure national digital sovereignty during the period of sanctions pressure

The article analyzes the potential of using artificial intelligence technologies (hereinafter referred to as AI) for the purpose of reducing or preventing various kinds of risks for domestic business in the face of increasing sanctions pressure from a number of foreign countries, which reached unprecedented proportions after the start of a special military operation in Ukraine. The article discusses aspects related to the use of modern IT solutions by foreign countries for the purposes of monitoring compliance with sanctions legislation in relation to the Russian Federation, as well as ways to inform the domestic business community about the possibility of taking into account restrictive measures taken against it. The approaches to the definition of the concept of digital sovereignty are analyzed and its criteria are formulated. Based on the analysis of regulatory and doctrinal sources, it is shown that AI technologies are inextricably linked with ensuring national digital sovereignty, and the level of legal regulation should meet the demands of the present time.

아동의 가족재결합에 대한 연구: 유럽인권재판소 판례를 중심으로

Family unity and family reunification (or family reunion) are similar in that they deal with protection of family as one unit. However, since family reunification focuses on the maintenance of families that have already been formed but separated due to migration, these two concepts are not strictly regarded as the same ones. Family reunification is important as it promotes the stability and social integration of the people directly involved. In particular, for children, the necessity of applying the right of family reunification deserves special emphasis as an effective preventive measure against various kinds of risks they face. In Korea, it is difficult as yet to find cases or legislation dealing with family reunification of the child, however, there is a possibility of increasing the future occurrence of the issue due to continuous influx of foreigners.
 Thus, this research attempts to provide a starting point for further discussions through reviewing international legal bases and introducing related case law of the European Court of Human Rights.
 As a result, the research found that there is an international consensus to ensure the family reunification of the child on the basis of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, European Convention of Human Rights and other related documents. The case law of the ECtHR also provides two meaningful implications in this sense. First, it embodied the concept of the family reunification of the child by active consideration of universal and regional standards. The Court confirmed that the family reunification of the child means not only entry into, but also ensuring stable stay. In this regard, the Court recognized a related positive obligation of the authorities. In determining whether there is a violation of the obligations, the Court consistently considered a fair balance between individual and public interests. Second, the Court solidified its position that the best interests of the child should be given priority in all cases concerning children. In the trial processes, the Court comprehensively regarded several factors that may cause significant influence, such as the age of the children concerned, their situation in their country of origin and the extent to which they are dependent on their parents, and so on.
 There may be some differences in family type and culture between Europe and Korea. Nevertheless, the introduction of somewhat advanced judgments from ECtHR is really meaningful in a situation where related discussions are not yet enough. It is expected that this study containing analysis of the European case law on family reunification of the Child would contribute to the improvement of related domestic case law and legislation, considering properly both national interests and human rights.

THE PECULIARITY OF PLANNING THE PRODUCTION OF INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS

Most companies understand that the only way to ensure continuous competitive advantage is the constant creation and launch of innovative products on the market. However, when implementing the processes of creating new products, companies face problems in forecasting and strategic planning, since the markets of innovative products are characterized by various kinds of risks, many of which are uncontrollable. The purpose of this study is to study the impact of changing consumer requirements on the technical and economic parameters of the products being created. The authors propose a mathematical model of cascade diffusion, taking into account the above relationship, as well as the degree of consumer involvement in the development process and the rate of change in the quality requirements of the product. The model makes allow to increase the efficiency of planning the innovation process, using a formed strategy for developing new products.

CONSTRAINTS FACED AND SUGGESTION OFFERED THEREIN BY BENEFICIARY FARMERS OF PRADHAN MANTRI FASAL BIMA YOJANA IN BHARUCH DISTRICT OF SOUTH GUJARAT

Agriculture being highly prone to various kinds of risks and uncertainties. In era of climate change there is a necessity to protect the farmers from natural calamities. By crop insurance scheme like Pradhan Mantri FasalBima Yojana farmer can stabilize farm income and initiate production activity after a bad agricultural year. The present study conducted in Jambusar taluka of Bharuch district of Gujarat. Eleven villages were selected based on the highest number of beneficiaries. 62 beneficiaries were selected from selected villages by proportionate random sampling method and same number of 62 non beneficiaries was selected from same village and which have equal land size to cultivated irrigated cotton crop. Thus, total 124 respondents selected for present investigation. Response of beneficiaries was taken by personal interview schedule. The purpose of this study is found out the perception of both type of respondents, constraints faced by beneficiaries in availing PMFBY and their suggestions to overcome these constraints. The study indicate that majority of respondents felt in moderate level of perception. The major constraints in availing scheme were delay in payment of insurance claims. The important suggestions endorsed by beneficiaries were compensation provided for partial damaged.

The existence of man and the world in the context of their alienness to each other

This article is devoted to the peculiarities of human development in a world that is ontologically distinct from it. At the same time, people, as their civilizational development moves further and further away from the natural environment and realize their existence in conditions that are artificially created. The most vivid form of human existence, distinguishable from the natural environment, has become the state. It is in it that a person builds such a system of relations with the world and other people in which he is able to realize his qualities in the most comprehensive way. A number of inventions that alienated people from nature were made in the conditions of state life of society. Moreover, in recent years, there has been a tendency for such conditions to be virtual, which is associated with the development of information technologies. In an ethical sense, it is not always possible to give an unambiguous answer to characterize the phenomena occurring, but the human community must respond to all these phenomena and adapt to new conditions. Nevertheless, a humanitarian understanding of the ongoing processes is important, and their correction will probably be necessary in order to preserve not only the basic qualities of a person that distinguish him from nature, but also to reduce various kinds of risks, including environmental ones.

MANAJEMEN RISIKO KEUANGAN BANK PADA KASUS PENEMPATAN DANA NASABAH DI MAYBANK

Riskmanagement is a series of procedures or methods used to identify, measure, monitor and control risks arising from the bank's business activities. The implementation of risk management will provide better benefits to banks. For banks, the implementation of this risk management can increase shareholder value, as well as provide an overview to bank managers about the possibility of losses on the part of the bank in the future. Related to a problem or case that occurs in the banking world, one of which is a reporting case of losing money worth 20 billion rupiah which was lost because it was stored in a bank. This case was reported by a customer of PT Bank Maybank Indonesia Tbk (Maybank Indonesia) named Winda Lunardi (Winda Earl) an esports athlete who claimed to have lost 20 billion rupiah worth of money in his personal Maybank account and his mother named Floletta. In this study obtained the results of research from observations and documentation related to forms of risk management and factors that cause fraud at Maybank Cipulir Jakarta, the types of risks arising from this case are Operational Risk, Compliance Risk, Legal Risk, and Reputation Risk. The impact caused when there are various kinds of risks, namely Loss and Loss of Customer Trust.

FIQH AL-BAI'S REVIEW OF ONLINE BUYING AND SELLING IN SPECIAL GROUPS ON FACEBOOK PLATFORM

Online buying and selling activities on the Facebook platform specifically for residents of Grand Cikarang City housing under the name of the Online Market group "Pasar Khusus COD Grand Cikarang City". With the development of online buying and selling, various kinds of risks arise that will haunt users, especially buyers, such as fraud, the obscurity of goods (gharar), incompatibility of goods and prices that reach the hands of the consumers, and so on. The purpose of this study is to find out the mechanism of buying and selling online in special groups on the Facebook platform and to find out the harmonization of Sharia Economic Law with buying and selling online in special market groups on the Facebook platform. The research method used in this research is a descriptive research method with qualitative data types. The results obtained in this study can be concluded that the implementation of online buying and selling in special groups on the Facebook platform uses a salam contract. There are cases where there is often uncertainty in terms of goods, prices, and the lack of certainty for the buyer to return the goods.

IDENTIFIKASI DAN MITIGASI RISIKO PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR JALAN LINGKAR BADUNG SELATAN, BADUNG-BALI

Badung is one of the districts in Bali with a very high number of road users so traffic jams often occur. One of the government's efforts to anticipate this congestion is the existence of a plan to implement the South Badung Ring Road Development Project, Badung Bali. The existence of the project plan will certainly cause various kinds of risks that may occur. The purpose of this study is to find out what risks are likely to occur and to minimize the impact of these risks. This research was conducted using a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The stages are conducting interviews and observations in order to identify, assess and mitigate risks that are classified as major risks. The results of this study indicate that there are 34 (thirty four) identified risks. Of the 34 (thirty four) risks, 10 (29.41%) are classified as unacceptable risk, 18 (52.94%) are classified as undesirable risk, 6 (17.65%) acceptable risk (acceptable) and 0% or no risk classified as negligible (can be ignored). For risks that are classified as major risks, ownership analysis and mitigation are carried out. The number of risk treatments carried out is 13 mitigations or treatments for unacceptable risks and 22 mitigations or treatments for undesirable risks.

ANALISIS MANAJEMEN RESIKO OPERASIONAL MEBEL KAYU SEMBARANG KAMPUNG (STUDI PADA CV. KARYA MEGA MANDIRI)

This study aims to determine business risk management on wood in any village. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The subjects in this study were CV. Mega independent work and the object of this research is business risk management. Data collection techniques in this study were observation, documentation and interviews. The results of this study were seen from the results of interviews with CV. Mega Mandiri's work to the community so far has implemented business risk management properly. In dealing with the risk of Human Resources CV. Karya Mega Mandiri conducts direct supervision to avoid fraud in the production process. This is intended to reduce risks that may occur, because risks can come from outside or within the company so that risk management is very helpful in dealing with various kinds of risks that exist.

Risk Analysis of Enterprises’ Investment in Infrastructure in Developing Countries Based on Structural Equation Model

In order to control the risks of Chinese enterprises in infrastructure investment in developing countries, the corresponding evaluation system is constructed through a structural equation model algorithm to analyze these risks, so as to achieve risk prediction and risk controllability. Structural equation modeling is a method to establish, estimate, and test causality. It can replace multiple regression, path analysis, factor analysis, covariance analysis, and other methods and clearly analyze the effect of individual indicators on the population and the interrelationship between individual indicators. It is a multivariate statistical modeling technology mainly applied to confirmatory model analysis. Due to the guidance of national policies, there are more and more opportunities for Chinese enterprises to invest abroad. However, due to the influence of political, economic, and environmental factors, overseas investment is facing many difficulties. This paper analyzes the risks from four aspects: bilateral policy risk, legal difference and litigation risk, international economic risk, and technical risk through structural equation model algorithm. Aiming at these risks, the simulation software of the algorithm is constructed in MATLAB big data analysis software, and the risk control measures are put forward. Finally, with the support of China’s policies, in order to ensure the investment income, we should carry out risk intervention for the foreseeable risk and reduce the impact of risk on the investment income as much as possible, so as to improve the risk prevention and management awareness of overseas investment business. By analyzing the characteristics of venture capital and the various kinds of risks affecting venture capital, the risk structure model estimation of risk sneak attack is established by using the principle of structural equation model, and the impact of various risks on investment risks can be analyzed, so that the risk measurement and control of venture capital provides the basis of theoretical knowledge.

Интеграция науки и предпринимательства как фактор развития инновационного потенциала России

The innovative development of the economy largely depends on the balance and effectiveness of communications between the scientific sector and entrepreneurship. Interest in scientific and industrial cooperation in modern conditions is increasing and associated with the emergence of uncertainty, limited access to information, rising costs, the emergence of various kinds of risks, as well as market changes. In such conditions, mutually beneficial cooperation between science and entrepreneurship allows to unlock the diverse potential of the two sectors and increase the efficiency of their activities. The importance and necessity to develop measures to ensure the integration of science and entrepreneurship to achieve their balanced development have been substantiated. There are identifies the areas of intersection of mutual interests of the scientific sector and entrepreneurship: the labor market and the intellectual property market. The modern education system of the Russian Federation is considered, the features associated with an increase in the number of students and the number of vocational education institutions and a decrease in the number of students of higher education institutions are analyzed. The problems affecting the quality of training of specialists in secondary vocational and higher education are listed: fragmented financing, the state of the material and technical base of institutions, the salary level of teaching staff, etc. The indicators of the level of cooperation between science and entrepreneurship and the measures that are being applied to stimulate the interaction of these sectors in Russia are studied in details. A correlation analysis was carried out between the indicator of the volume of innovative goods, works, services produced by Russian enterprises and indicators characterizing activity in scientific activity. The balance of the relationship between science and entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation has been defined. According to the analysis there have been appointed the problems of the scientific sector and entrepreneurship that arise during research and development, and measures are proposed to ensure the balanced development of both sectors.

Strategi Pemasaran Produk Asuransi Syariah Di PT. Prudential Life Assurance Cabang Kota Medan

Human life in modern times has various kinds of risks and dangers. Man himself does not know what will happen tomorrow and where he will die world. Insurance is a financial tool for managing home life, both in terms of facing an underlying risk, such as the chance of mortality, and in terms of protecting one's personal belongings. In the marketing process, a strategy is needed essential, the company's main target in a broad market reach. So that a strategy is required before entering the market, all of the plans have been consolidated, comprehensive, And included to make sure that the company's last purpose may be found out via the implementation of the suitable strategy. Study The reason for this observation is to choose and evaluate (segmentation, targeting, and positioning) at PT. Prudential Life Assurance Medan City Branch, in addition to to decide whether or not the advertising plan is carried out according with sharia advertising characteristics. This study employs a qualitative technique while doing descriptive research. The findings revealed that the market segmentation (segmenting) conducted by PT. Prudential Life Assurance Medan City Branch based on per market grouping region. To make it easier for Prudential to meet and greet its customers return. Targeting, in determining the target market covered by PT. Prudential Life Assurance Medan City Branch there is no certain limit, the company serves all market segment.

Strategi Dalam Manajemen Pemasaran

Human life in modern times has various kinds of risks and dangers. Humans as thinking creatures certainly do not know what will happen tomorrow and where they will die. Insurance is a financial means in managing household life, both in facing basic risks such as the risk of death or in dealing with the risk of property in dealing with the risk of the property owned. In the marketing process, it is necessary to implement an essential strategy, the company's main target is in a broad market reach so that a strategy is needed before entering the market, detailing all plans that have been put together, comprehensively and integratedly designed to ensure the company's main objectives can be achieved through the implementation of a segmentation strategy. , and targets at PT Allianz Life Indonesia, as well as knowing whether the marketing strategy implemented is in accordance with the characteristics of sharia marketing. This research uses literature study research. The results of the study indicate that the market segmentation carried out by the Sharia Insurance company Allianz Life Indonesia has grown more rapidly and progressed from year to year. And this makes insurance companies in particular.
 Keywords: marketing strategy, sharia insurance, PT Allianz Life Indonesia

ТЕХНІКО-ЕКОНОМІЧНЕ ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПОЛЬОВИХ ХОЛОДИЛЬНИХ ЗАСОБІВ ДЛЯ ПОТРЕБ ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ВІЙСЬК

...The fulfillment of tasks as intended often involves the long stay of troops (forces) outside the points of permanent deployment. Such conditions are characterized by an increase in the physical and psycho-emotional load on servicemen, which, in turn, necessitates an increase in the quality of their nutrition. One of the promising areas for improving the quality of food is associated with the use of refrigeration units for storing stocks of fresh food directly in the field. The article is devoted to the development of the foundations of the methodology for the feasibility study of the feasibility of creating and using field refrigeration units to improve the food supply of troops (forces), which perform tasks as intended in isolation from the points of permanent deployment. Decisions on the expediency of using refrigeration units in the field, along with the technical and tactical characteristics of refrigeration units, are influenced by economic factors, as well as various kinds of risks. The studies carried out made it possible to establish basic parameters that allow us to assess the economic efficiency of using refrigeration units for storing food directly in the base camp and to justify the choice of the best option from among those selected for consideration. The study is based on the method of comparative evaluation of options, which allowed us to limit ourselves to considering those parameters by which the options under consideration differ from each other. A number of these parameters take into account the risks caused by the lower quality of food in the absence of refrigeration units at the field food station and the risks that arise when transporting food from a stationary warehouse to a field warehouse. The calculated ratios obtained can be used as the basis for the tactical, technical and economic substantiation of the corresponding decisions.