Interests Of Various Stakeholders Research Articles

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО-ЧАСТНОЕ ПАРТНЕРСТВО КАК ФАКТОР РАЗВИТИЯ НЕФТЕПЕРЕРАБАТЫВАЮЩЕГО СЕКТОРА

The oil industry has a huge potential in terms of technical knowledge, management and financial resources to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and provide an affordable way to determine the amount of energy. However, at present, this sector has lost its investment attractiveness. This is an interdisciplinary problem, the solution of which is at the intersection of the interests of various stakeholders. The article is an overview and is devoted to the implementation of public-private partnership (PPP) as a key tool that allows using the resources available to the state and business to achieve sustainable development of the sector and investment attractiveness.

PP382 Research On The Second-Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs Supply Based On Stakeholder Theory Of China

IntroductionChina is one of the twenty-seven countries with a high burden of Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in the world. Of the new TB patients in China in 2017, about 63,000 are MDR-TB patients, accounting for one-third of the number of new MDR-TB patients worldwide.In the latest “China's 13th Five-Year Plan” national TB prevention and control plan promulgated in 2017, it is clearly emphasized that all regions should gradually incorporate TB into the payment catalogue of special outpatient medical insurance, according to local conditions. However, for this special group of MDR-TB patients, there is no specialized prevention and control policy at the national level, and there are also blind spots in the medical security policy.Responding to the drug needs of MDR-TB patients, it is necessary to provide patients with stable and affordable second-line anti-TB drugs. It is also necessary to understand the overall drug demand for second-line drugs nationwide to guide further policy formulation and budget research.MethodsThrough semi-structured group interviews and key informant interviews, five provinces and cities were investigated. Qualitative analysis was conducted based on stakeholder theory selected doctors and staff from Centers for Disease Control.ResultsThrough investigations in this study, problems like low purchasing price, insufficient purchasing volume, low drug supply efficiency, and monopoly producers were found. Through the analysis of roles and relationships among the major stakeholders in the second-line drug supply system, together with the motivation and resistance factors, it was found that all stakeholders have the motivation to solve the problem and face their dilemmas and obstacles at the same time.ConclusionsPatients with MDR-TB still have difficulties in obtaining medicines. The interests of various stakeholders need to be balanced to improve drug accessibility and affordability. It is recommended to take advantage of the country's centralized procurement, encourage the development and listing of new anti-tuberculosis drugs and generic drugs, and improve the supervision system to ensure the supply of drugs to benefit more patients with tuberculosis.

A Welcome Shift Away from Shareholder Supremacy - Significance of the US Business Roundtable New Statement in August 2019

A Welcome Shift Away from Shareholder Supremacy - Significance of the US Business Roundtable New Statement in August 2019

ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC FEATURES OF MANAGEMENT OF TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THE REGION

The article identifies the organizational and economic features of management of tourist and recreational potential of the region. It is noted that the implementation of the functions and principles of organizational and economic management of tourist and recreational potential of the region is carried out by management system. It characterizes management as a system function of interaction of subsystems and elements of the region, which is the process of purposeful influence of the subject of management on the object of management to achieve certain results. That is, the effective management of tourist and recreational potential of the region depends on the form of ownership, the form of government, the level of development of a market economy. In a broader sense, the object of management is the tourist and recreational potential – a set of enterprises, institutions and organizations that carry out the production, sale of recreational services, ie actions aimed at meeting the needs of the population to restore vitality and energy. It is noted that management of tourist and recreational potential is a process of spatial organization, forecasting, planning, control, which are carried out in order to manage tourism in the region. According to the author, management of tourist and recreational potential of the region should be considered as the activity of public authorities to create conditions for the rational and effective use of recreational potential of the region; organizational and legal support and practical implementation of the strategy / program for development of recreational activities in tourist subregions; regulation of subject-object and subject-subject relations arising in the process of using recreational resources at the regional level, in order to ensure coordination of internal and external interests of various stakeholders of recreational activities, as well as their coordination with the local population interests in tourist subregions (recreational areas) and opportunities of the region. It is concluded that management of tourist and recreational potential of the region is formed under the influence of specific organizational and economic features of management and business conditions; organizational and economic components of management of tourist and recreational potential are designed to organize, implement and maintain economic activity, achieve the goals of the region. It is noted that in essence, the organizational and economic components of management of tourist and recreational potential of the region provide a synergy of organizational and economic ways to influence the managed object. On the basis of studied theoretical provisions it is offered to consider organizational and economic features of management of tourist and recreational potential on structural elements of organizational and economic block.

DETERMINING THE FEATURES OF SYSTEM-FORMING FACTORS OF VALUE-ORIENTED MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

The article substantiates the content of the project's value in narrow and broad contexts, taking into account the interests of various stakeholders. The value orientation of the subjects of market relations is becoming an increasingly undeniable imperative of the economy of the twenty-first century. This "ideology" is the dominant factor in determining the target guidelines of enterprises when interacting with their consumers and partners, plays a leading role in building the company's internal processes, determining their customers and value expectations of the latter. Similar tasks are faced when implementing various projects, the success of which is primarily determined by the value created for the main stakeholders. At the same time, the instability of this concept precisely in the context of project management, the possibility of its simplified, narrowed and inconsistent interpretation by various project stakeholders require a more detailed study of the essence and content of this category. The prerequisites for the emergence of economic management of an enterprise, which is the coordination and integration center of all functional types of management of an economic entity, are considered. The influence on the construction of the modern concept of economic management on the basis of the theory of stakeholders is clarified. The goals of economic management of the enterprise are determined, which are to harmonize management goals (defined in certain types of special management), ensure the viability and increase the value of the enterprise for all groups of stakeholders. The article presents an approach to improving enterprise engineering in modern conditions by including in it the possibilities of systematic decision-making support based on the analysis of the values of the enterprise and the entire set of stakeholders - stakeholders of different categories. A feature of the approach is a combination of a broad interpretation of values, an orientation towards real business tasks of all levels of enterprise management, including the risk management of digital transformations in these tasks using ISO / IEC 15288.

The kids are not alright: Lessons from the advocacy pursuit of restrictions on food marketing

Abstract Issue Poor nutrition is a leading contributor to ill health worldwide. WHO recommends restrictions on the marketing of unhealthy food to children to reduce intakes of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods. In Canada, the government made this a mandate commitment. This provides an opportunity for other countries pursuing public health nutrition policy to better understand and overcome commercial interests when trying to advance public health. Background Heart & Stroke Foundation (H&S) advocated for over a decade (2008-2019) to secure government policies to restrict food marketing to youth in Canada. The inclusion of such policy in the government's 2015 mandate was promising and the associated bill was one of the strongest in the world - well received by public health advocates worldwide, positioning Canada as global leader. However, the commercial interests of various stakeholders including food and marketing industries created concerns among policy makers. Public health advocates underestimated the influence, power and opposition of industry. Results In order to counter industry opposition, the public health community worked in coalitions and employed a range of innovative tactics to mitigate policy concerns. This included public engagement on social media, evidence generation, celebrity endorsement, as well as calling out industry practices and political blockers. Despite the innovative and collaborative approach of public health, the policy failed to be adopted. Lessons Food industry will use a range of concerns including economic, environmental, and health issues to generate skepticism among policy makers. Public health advocates working in nutrition need to be proactive and prepared with insightful counter arguments and evidence to dispel myths and re-frame the issue. Key messages Public health progress on nutrition policy is at an early stage and we need to learn lessons from successes and failures. There is a strong amount of food industry opposition to public health nutrition policy.

Holistic Principle for Risk Aggregation and Capital Allocation

Risk aggregation and capital allocation are of paramount importance in business, as they play critical roles in pricing, risk management, project financing, performance management, regulatory supervision, etc. The state-of-the-art practice often includes two steps: (i) determine standalone capital requirements for individual business lines and aggregate them at a corporate level; and (ii) allocate the total capital back to individual lines of business or at more granular levels. There are three pitfalls with such a practice, namely, lack of consistency, negligence of cost of capital, and disentanglement of allocated capitals from standalone capitals. In this paper, we introduce a holistic approach that aims to strike a balance of optimality by taking into account competing interests of various stakeholders and conflicting priorities in a corporate hierarchy. While unconventional in its objective, the new approach results in an allocation of diversification benefit, which conforms to the diversification strategy of many risk management frameworks including regulatory capital and economic capital. The holistic capital setting and allocation principle provides a remedy to aforementioned problems with the existing two-step industry practice.

Identifikasi Stakeholder Pengelolaan Pemanfaatan Jasa Ekosistem di Taman Nasional Baluran

Baluran National Park has an ecosystem service that’s used directly by the people of buffer village. The amount of benefits from these ecosystem services has not received attention in management activities in Baluran National Park. The last 5 years data on the number of tourist visits reached 176,888 tourists, namely 172,039 domestic tourists and 4,849 foreign tourists. However, villagers only play a role in providing tourist motorcycle taxi services. So that people have access to the use of ecosystem services. The purpose of this research is to identify of stakeholders of utilization ecosystem services management in Baluran National Park. The method of research uses quantitative and qualitative approaches, purposive sampling, and interviews using questionnaires. The Analyze is qualitative descriptions and analysis of policy contents. The result of this study is describe of stakeholders of utilization ecosystem service management in Baluran National Park accommodates various interests of stakeholders who can be involved in the management of the use of Baluran National Park ecosystem services. Keywords: Management, Utilization Ecosystem Services, Baluran National Park

Public Investment Policy as a Driver of Changes in the Ecosystem Services Delivery by an Urban Green Infrastructure

Abstract The presented study considers the impact of public expenditure related to land development on the potential of an urban green infrastructure to provide ecosystem services (ES). The study site (Szachty) is located in Poznań, the fifth largest city in Poland. In the article, we recognised the type of expenditure (permanent infrastructure and ongoing maintenance), the costs and the influence on ES (stimulating, weakening or no relevant). The study shows that the financial policy concerning the study area is focused on creating an infrastructure that enhances cultural ecosystem services (CES). However, the creation of recreational facilities weakens the potential of the area for supplying regulating services concerning maintaining nursery populations and habitats. The results highlight the need for scientific support for policymakers in understanding the synergies and trade-offs between ES, resulting from financial decisions. This is particularly important in the decision-making process in the areas of high natural value, in which full, long-term effects of the decisions may be barely visible and incomprehensible for the society. Showing the impact of financial decisions on the structure and level of ES may provide arguments supporting a more complex and high-quality social dialogue, including balancing the interests of various stakeholders.

Distortion of Government Policy Orientation in Public-Private Partnership (PPP)

This study examines the issue of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) policy discrepancies in reducing waste management and the occurrence of distortion of disagreement between the city’s government and the private sector in interpreting the contents and the scope of the policy inϐluenced by the interests of various stakeholders, the private sector and daily workers. This study uses a qualitative approach on the results of ethical and emic data, discussing the content of short-term project-oriented policies, which are limited to the transport of waste to cause long-term policy orientation anomalies in the trash business, thus impacting the accumulation of waste on the road, termination of unilateral contracts and demonstrations by daily workers. For this reason, PPP policy implementation shows high interest but has a low contribution to the community in Pekanbaru.

FORENSIC ACCOUNTING: A WAY TO FIGHT, DETER AND DETECT FRAUD

Forensic Accounting is one of the emerging fields for accountancy professionals. Forensic Accounting is the function of bookkeeping, auditing and analytical expertise to combat the financial and white-collar crimes. The scope of forensic accounting has expanded due to cases of corporate scams and financial frauds. Forensic Accounting is the dynamic and strategic tool which helps in combating the corruption, financial crimes and frauds through the application of forensic auditing techniques. There is a huge demand for forensic auditors in the field of insurance, banks, police armed forces and government departments. This paper shows the application of information technology and cyber forensics to curb the malfunctioning done by corporate. In this paper role of the forensic auditor has been explained and the various techniques employed by forensic auditors have also been discussed. The latest cases in the field of forensic accounting have also been included in this paper. Forensic auditors can help the economy to grow and protect the interest of various stakeholders.

Problems of developing a strategic planning methodology for regional socio-economic systems

The issues of the methodology for developing regional strategies have been considered in three aspects: firstly, from the position of restrictions on the use of traditional strategic planning schools in relation to the regional socio-economic systems; secondly, in the context of the characteristics of the region as an object of strategic planning; thirdly, taking into account modern realities of information technology development and management decision-making tools. It has been it has been revealed, that traditional strategic management schools take into account only a certain aspect of strategizing and have limited application for regional systems. The peculiarities of the region have been have been disclosed as an open complex system, occupying an intermediate level in the public administration system, characterized by a non-linear development and informational openness of management.The complex nature of a region affects the fact, that a regional strategy is a mechanism for coordinating the long-term interests of various stakeholders of a territory. This happens both through their participation in determining strategic priorities and selecting specific strategic projects at the goal setting stage, and through the use of special model tools, which are characterized by the presence of built-in interaction loops for different classes of economic situations and allowing them to adapt their resource strategies while agreeing on common goals of functioning. It has been ascertained, that the current stage of economic development is characterized by features related to the development of information technologies and management decision-making tools, which determines the need to expand the methodological and methodical base of the regional strategic planning.In total, the analysis shows, that in the context of the adaptive behavior of economic agents of the region, the uncertain external and internal environment, traditional methodological approaches and methodical tools become of little use in the actual practice of regional governance. The effective direction of improving the methods of strategic planning in these conditions is the use of adaptive management and simulation modeling technologies based on modern information technologies.

Japan’s Corporate Governance Code From the Perspective of ‘Sustainable Growth of the Company and Improvement of Medium- to Long-Term Corporate Value’

Japan’s Corporate Governance Code From the Perspective of ‘Sustainable Growth of the Company and Improvement of Medium- to Long-Term Corporate Value’

L’OMS confrontée à la pandémie de Covid-19 : limites et potentialités du fonctionnalisme

The COVID-19 pandemic showed that the WHO cannot successfully fulfill its constitutional mandate but with the full cooperation of Member States. Yet, during this outbreak, while the Secretariat of the Organization was rather reactive, Member States lacked commitment. This was an obstacle to the efficient use of the institutional framework offered by the WHO. Therefore, this pandemic highlighted the need to fully exploit the potentialities of WHO’s constitutional mandate by supplementing the technical coordination provided by the Secretariat with a strong political will supporting global health. This approach should contribute to the emergence of an ‘ international health law’ overcoming the traditional tensions between the collective interest of protecting human health and the particular interests of various stakeholders. Thus, functionalism, whose bet is that international cooperation in so-called ‘ technical’ fields will safeguard international peace and foster development, cannot be successful without a genuine shared political commitment.

Theories of Stakeholder Management

A Business entity cannot exist in vacuum. The following are always present.  People in the form of shareholders, employees, suppliers, customers, investors, collaborators, competitors, public agents etc  The business entity develops its economic activity in a geographical area within an economic, social and political context. Stakeholder management is the most visible face of Corporate Social Responsibility and hence many mistake one for the other even thought there are differences between them. Though the ideas of both can be seen from time immemorial, both are evolving topics and hence defy exact definition. The stakeholders approach has become so popular during the last forty years. Yet there is no clarity for the term “Stakeholder” as it is used by different researchers to mean many different concepts. There are some who believe that stakeholder management cannot be even theorized! Stakeholder theory is required to manage organizations in a highly complex and turbulent environment as it give a practical, efficient, effective, and ethical way. Stakeholder theory is about creating more value at its core. But who should share the value that is created varies from manager’s view. There are narrow models that focus on a small set of stakeholders like shareholders or customers, while much larger group of relevant stakeholders are covered in the broader models. . Good stakeholder management is fundamental for any business to deliver enduring change. Stakeholder concept is basically a redefinition of the purpose of the Organization. . In a stakeholder management plan different groups needs to be accommodated. Stakeholder theory first found expression in Ansoff who defined the firm’s objectives to include, amongst others, reconciliation of conflicting interests of various stakeholders. Over the years a number of theories have been put forward in the academic literature to explain social reporting practices. Of these, the most notables are stakeholder theory, legitimacy theory and political economy theory. Stakeholder theory describes an interrelationship among the various actors involved in the firm and offers an alternative purpose of the firm. Stakeholder management is intended to create methods to manage the different groups and relationships. Organizations need to better understand their stakeholders and how to strategically manage them. This paper traces the evolution of stakeholder management and attempt to give an overview of the various theories and approaches that are associated with stakeholder management.

63 Moons-NSEL Merger: A Boon or a Bane for the Stakeholders

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India, had ordered the mandatory merger of 63 Moons Technologies Limited (63 Moons) with its crisis struck subsidiary company, National Spot Exchange Limited (NSEL), the electronic commodity spot exchange of India. However, 63 Moons’ board and promoters did not agree with the forced merger order as they believed that they were not at major fault behind the NSEL payment crisis. The case provides an opportunity to participate in the real-world complex decision-making process which involves the forced merger of two entities that may affect the interest of various stakeholders. The case allows examination of the issues such as related party transactions, internal monitoring and control processes, organizational structure and the regulatory framework which led to the payment crisis.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Financing Industrial Clusters

The article is solving an actual problem — development of a system of indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of financing industrial clusters in Russia. The article analyzes the cluster models of Russian and foreign authors, identifies their strengths and weaknesses. A universal information model of the cluster was developed, reflecting the interaction of the participants among themselves and with external stakeholders of the cluster development. The developed model has three control loops: internal cluster stakeholders, cluster, cluster's region. Each has the specificity of the movement of inventory and cash flows, information interaction in the implementation of cluster policy, and reflects the interests of various stakeholders of industrial clusters. The model lays the groundwork to justify a three-tier system of indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of financing industrial clusters. The subsystems of the indicators of the impact of the industrial cluster on the regional economy, of the indicators of the industrial cluster development and the subsystem of the indicators of the financial condition of enterprises participating in the industrial cluster are highlighted in the proposed system. The study used the methods of bibliographic and logical analysis, synthesis and systems approach, mathematical methods of statistical data processing. The developed system of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of financing industrial clusters can be used to conduct current and subsequent monitoring of financing the implementation of cluster programs, to prepare decisions on the allocation of budgetary funds by state and municipal authorities, and to potential investors to determine the most promising investment instruments.

The Corrosion Critique of Benefit Corporations

This Article evaluates what it labels the corrosion critique of benefit corporation statutes. These statutes have emerged as the leading new statutory alternative to enable and encourage social enterprises, businesses which seek both to generate financial returns for their investors while also pursuing social missions. Some persons who strongly support social enterprises have criticized benefit corporation statutes, arguing that they create a mistaken impression that companies organized under ordinary corporation statutes cannot consider the interests of non-shareholder stakeholders except insofar as doing so benefits shareholders in the long run. This corrosive effect on the understanding of most corporations may impede the adoption of socially responsible behavior. The Article distinguishes three conceptions of the legal purpose of corporations and whose interests officers and directors should consider: shareholder-only, stakeholder-optional, and stakeholder mandatory. It also identifies two leading justifications of benefit corporation statutes. The enabling justification asserts that corporate law constrains the ability of directors and officers to consider the interests of stakeholders other than shareholders because it imposes the shareholder-only conception of corporate purpose. The branding justification asserts that benefit corporations help companies attract investors, customers, and employees by giving them a way to credibly commit to considering the interests of other stakeholders through adopting the stakeholder-mandatory conception. Having established these categorizations, the Article offers a mixed verdict as to the validity of the corrosion critique. The critique does not apply to the branding justification. For the enabling justification, the critique is mostly valid in states with corporate constituency statutes, since such states have adopted the stakeholder-optional conception for ordinary corporations, and thus it is false to imply (as the enabling justification does) that ordinary corporations are constrained in considering the interests of various stakeholders. The corrosion critique does not, however, apply in Delaware and probably other non-constituency statute states, which have adopted the shareholder-only conception for ordinary corporations. The Article concludes that advocates of benefit corporations should stop using the enabling justification, which is subject to the corrosion critique in over half of all states (those with constituency statutes), and which justification is weak on other grounds as well. Focusing on the branding justification will direct transactional lawyers and businesses to the right reasons for considering becoming a benefit corporation, and will focus policymakers and scholars on the right questions to ask in evaluating the usefulness of benefit corporation statutes.

Does tertiary education in South Africa equip professional foresters for the future?

A modern day forester in South Africa assumes a variety of roles that constantly challenge them to remain professionally relevant in a dynamic system including the continuously expanding number of stakeholders that cuts across political, social and economic boundaries. This study is important in understanding how a forester’s job has shifted from simply managing trees and forests for timber to managing trees and forests to achieve the interests of various stakeholders and biological ecosystems that are influenced by industry. This research contributed to a global programme involving the International Union of Forestry Research Organizations (IUFRO). The programme addressed the needs of future employers and economic innovators in the field of forestry. A variety of data collection methods were used to complete this empirical research. The research strategy adopted was implementing case studies where students and academic experts from four tertiary institutions were interviewed. A sample of individuals from the forestry sector was also drawn for interviews. The findings from this research provided insight and perspective on the challenges facing tertiary education of foresters in South Africa, such as the subject of the disciplinarity of forestry as a profession as opposed to more interdisciplinary careers where in addition to modules that are grounded in the discipline, other types of natural sciences are also considered in curriculum design. The main conclusions drawn from this study are that a higher level of integration of social sciences in forestry curricula is pivotal to resolving some of the challenges facing the forestry sector, and that in light of programmes whose delivery process is severely restricted by budget constraints, solutions developed jointly between industry and tertiary institutions should be ongoing.

Making Vector-Borne Disease Surveillance Work: New Opportunities From the SDG Perspectives.

Surveillance of vector-borne diseases (VBDs) exemplifies a One Health approach, which entails coordinated, collaborative, multidisciplinary, and cross-sectoral approaches to address potential or existing health risks originating at the animal-human-ecosystem interface. However, at the intervention stage of the surveillance system, it is sometimes difficult or even impossible to act. The human dimension of VBD control makes them wicked problems requiring an interdisciplinary systems approach beyond the One Health domain. Here, we make a case that the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can offer new opportunities to address these issues. The health of the population is a concern to us all and is more or less related to all 17 SDGs. The SDGs can provide a common language by which the interests of various stakeholders can be matched and the challenges that society faces identified, studied, and alleviated. To illustrate, the control and prevention of two VBDs, dengue and Lyme borreliosis, were selected and related to specific SDGs. Further, we use the framework proposed by the International Council of Science to: (1) show synergies and trade-offs between the various SDGs; and (2) present SDG 3 to identify policy that can be related to prevention. Engaging in an integrated approach will confront stakeholders with various viewpoints and through these oppositions, innovation can be nurtured. By adhering to the SDG agenda, we present policy advice including new opportunities for vector-borne disease control to reach its own health goals, while simultaneously supporting other sustainable development goals.