Various Forms Of Violence Research Articles

Articulating Lynching in India

AbstractLynching became a popular part of the lexicon in India during the last decade, and the word is used to communicate incidents where a group of people takes justice into their own hands. Considering the violent nature of lynching, it became a topic of intense debate. Yet, there is a lack of definitional clarity, and the ambit of lynching has been stretched to signify various forms of violence. Even the modest number of scholarly research projects takes the term “lynching” for granted. Considering the ambiguity surrounding it, this study analyzes and articulates the phenomena of lynchings in India, particularly during the period 2000–2021 while undertaking a genealogical study to illustrate the history, and the meaning of the word and how it has evolved over the years alongside the associated phenomena. To do so is to take away the misleading objectivity the word can sometimes generate. Following the conceptualization of lynchings and its changing expression in different societies, particularly the United States of America, the article highlights in what ways the definition and content of lynching have become more symbolically charged and the reasons for the change as well as what made lynching an extraordinary form of violence.

VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMAN IN EKA KURNIAWAN’S NOVEL CANTIK ITU LUKA

This study delves into the theme of violence against women in Eka Kurniawan's novel Cantik Itu Luka based on gender roles and violence experienced by women during and after Japan's periods of pre-independence and post-independence. The study aims to identify and analyze the various forms of violence and the underlying factors contributing to social deviance towards the protagonist, utilizing theoretical framework of cultural forms of violence by means of descriptive qualitative research to uncover the social phenomena of violence against women. The study concludes that the novel provides a profound exploration of gender-based violence, encompassing direct, structural, and cultural dimensions of violence. The protagonist embodies the trauma of direct violence witnessed during the Japanese occupation, highlighting the gender-based discrimination prevalent against women. Structural violence is evident in societal disparities, while cultural violence permeates the narrative through deeply rooted attitudes and beliefs. The novel also delves into various aspects of discrimination faced by female characters in educational, domestic, and professional settings. The intertwining of historical contexts and personal stories within the novel serves as a potent commentary on women's ongoing struggles for justice and the enduring effects of discrimination. Ultimately, Cantik Itu Luka emerges as a poignant exploration of the intricate layers of gender-based violence and the resilience exhibited by women in confronting oppression.

Women in Video Games: An Analysis of the Biased Representation of Female Characters in Current Video Games

AbstractVideo games have become the largest sector of the global entertainment industry, making their cultural influence significant. This study examines gender representation in mainstream videogames in Spain across PlayStation, XBOX, Nintendo Switch, and PC platforms. Using content analysis, we analyze 313 female and male characters presented in video games. The results show a problematic representation of women in terms of quantity and quality. Women are significantly underrepresented, starring in only 17.78% of game covers and 35.29% of in-game audiovisual content, limiting their visibility and relatability for players. Furthermore, female characters are frequently relegated to secondary roles, depicted with submissive attitudes, unrealistic body types, and subjected to various forms of violence. Despite some games promoting inclusion, a tendency to masculinize female figures persists. The research underscores the impact of these patterns on children and young players’ identity formation, urging reflection on gender values in popular videogames and proposing practical solutions for educators and the video game industry to foster more equitable and diverse portrayals of women in media.

Revictimization of women victims of intimate partner violence in the French press: A social representations approach.

This study aims to analyze how the press portrays cases of revictimization experienced by women in France, through the lens of social representation theory. An exploratory, descriptive study was conducted using a corpus of 157 online press articles. A total of 187,773 words and 5,240 segments were analyzed using Iramuteq version 7, employing top-down hierarchical classification and lexical similarity analysis. The analysis identified four classes: 1. Violent incidents (25.5%); 2. Political actions against violence (26%); 3. Institutional revictimization (26.6%) and 4. Violence and breaking the silence (21.9%). The findings illustrate how media portrayals contribute to the construction of social representations surrounding revictimization. Class 1 reveals a focus on extreme cases of violence, such as femicides, and highlights a potential gender bias in media reporting through the omission of terms like 'femicide'. Class 2 demonstrates the influence of ideological perspectives on the portrayal of political measures against violence, with conservative outlets framing such actions within traditional values, while progressive newspapers advocate for systemic reform. Class 3 shows a gap in the conceptualization of institutional revictimization in the French press compared to other countries, revealing how conservative portrayals can minimize systemic issues and perpetuate harmful stereotypes. Class 4 shows the role of female journalists in addressing various forms of violence, despite the limited impact of the #MeToo movement in recent coverage. Collectively, these findings elucidate how media representations shape public attitudes and institutional responses to gender-based violence through the lens of social representations.

Building decolonial nursing curricula to address disparities in Indigenous women's maternal health

Social and health inequities and inequalities are rising all over the world (Smith, 2012; McGibbon et al., 2014; Chinn and Falk‐Rafael, 2018). Nursing students should therefore be educated to understand the multifaceted factors creating health inequities and the degree to which non-biological elements can be embodied and become biological (e.g., environmental stress leading changes in health.). The need for innovative undergraduate nursing curricula reform is apparent. The lack of nursing courses highlighting the effects of colonization, environmental justice, upstream structural and social determinants of health, globalization, and state violence must be addressed. Colonization, broadly speaking, characterizes the Eurocentric project to “civilize” the rest of the world utilizing various forms of violence (McGibbon et al., 2014). The persistent and ongoing reproduction and recurrence of colonialism, enacting cycles of disenfranchisement and oppression, creates significant inequities in physical, mental, and emotional health and well-being for historically marginalized groups of people (Smith, 2012). Because gaps in nursing curricula and outdated teaching practices may support persistent inequities, scholars and students have advocated for decolonization of nursing curricula (Smith, 2012; McGibbon et al., 2014; Chinn and Falk‐Rafael, 2018). This analysis utilizes decolonial theory and postcolonial feminism to suggest pathways to decolonize nursing curricula and pedagogy through decentering the colonial knowledge structures and practices that harm Indigenous health and wellbeing.

Judicial Review of Child Violence Committed by Caregivers

This study examines the legal protection of children from violence in Indonesia, focusing on the implementation of Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. The research methodology employed is a normative juridical approach with analysis of primary and secondary data. Primary data includes the law itself, its implementing regulations, and court decisions related to child abuse cases. Secondary data comprises legal articles, academic journals, and reports from the Indonesian Commission on Child Protection (KPAI). The findings indicate that Law Number 35 of 2014 provides a comprehensive legal framework for protecting children from various forms of violence. However, its implementation faces challenges in terms of consistent law enforcement, access to adequate social and mental health services, and the need for increased public awareness. Case studies such as that of Janna Amira Priyanka underscore the urgency of improving child protection from violence. Recommendations from this research include enhancing the capacity of law enforcement agencies, expanding social service networks, educating and raising awareness among the public about children's rights, and improving inter-agency coordination to effectively enhance child protection in Indonesia.

Social network size and endorsement of political violence in the US

BackgroundIn recent years, the United States (US) has witnessed a rise in political violence. Prior research has found that an individual’s social network is associated with their likelihood of engaging in various forms of violence, but research on social networks and political violence in the US context is limited. This study examined associations between social network size and endorsement of political violence in a recent nationally representative survey and explored how the relationship varied by use of social media as a major news source, perceptions of the government as an enemy, and membership in a marginalized or privileged racial or ethnic group.MethodsThis was a nationally representative cross-sectional survey study of adults aged 18 and older in the US, administered from May 13-June 2, 2022. The exposure was social network size, defined by the number of strong social connections. We examined three violence-related outcomes: support for non-political violence, support for political violence, and personal willingness to engage in political violence. We estimated prevalence ratios for associations using survey-weighted Poisson regression with robust standard errors, adjusting for hypothesized confounders and including interaction terms to examine effect measure modification.ResultsThe sample included 8,620 respondents. Median age was 48.4 years (95% CI = 47.9–48.8), 51.5% were female (95% CI = 50.4–52.7%), and 62.7% self-identified as non-Hispanic White (95% CI = 61.4–65.9%). In adjusted models, those with zero strong connections were more likely than those with 1–4 strong social connections to consider political violence usually/always justified in general (PR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.47–4.01). Those with 50 + strong connections were more likely than those with 1–4 strong social connections to consider political violence usually/always justified in at least one situation (PR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.03–1.37) and were more likely to report being willing to personally use political violence (PR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.13–2.04). Associations varied somewhat by social media use, perceptions of the government as an enemy, and racialized identity.ConclusionsIndividuals who reported very few and very many strong social connections were more likely than others to support political violence or be personally willing to engage in it in one form or another. Findings point toward potential intervention and prevention opportunities.

Protective and Promotive Factors in Migrant and Refugee Children Facing Violence: A Systematic Review.

Migrant and refugee children are at risk of experiencing various forms of violence before, during, or after migration. This study systematically identifies, reviews, and synthesizes evidence on protective and promotive factors that contribute to the resilience of migrant and refugee children facing violence. Of the 3,663 articles identified through search in five electronic databases and snowball technique, 31 quantitative or qualitative research studies met the inclusion criteria. To be included in the review, studies had to (1) have been published after 2013; (2) have been published in English; (3) include migrant or refugee children and/or adolescents aged 18 or below at the time of interview or migration; (4) mention some types of maltreatment, peer violence, or community violence faced by the children or adolescents; (5) examine the association between the hypothesized protective or promotive factors and indicators of adaptive functioning; and (6) include outcome measures that assessed adaptive functioning such as well-being or absence or low-levels of internalizing and externalizing problems. Quality assessment did not lead to the exclusion of any studies. Five levels of protective and promotive factors were identified: individual, family, school and peers, community, and spatial dimension, which converged to highlight the importance of regulatory, interpersonal, and meaning-making strengths for these children. Understanding and addressing these protective and promotive factors is crucial for promoting well-being and improving mental health outcomes in migrant and refugee children facing violence. The findings of this review have significant implications for designing intervention programs and public policies that support these children effectively.

Las comisiones de la verdad y los legados coloniales: lecciones desde Colombia (2018-2022)

With its signing of the Havana Peace Agreement in 2016, Colombia sought to end an armed conflict that had lasted more than sixty years and had left nearly nine million victims. The agreement led to the establishment of a transitional justice (TJ) framework, including the Commission for the Clarification of Truth, Coexistence, and Non-Repetition (CEV). This study identifies how the CEV incorporated the legacies of colonialism into its analytical framework. The research is based on in-depth interviews with twenty scholars specializing in colonialism and/or TJ, nineteen peacebuilders, informal conversations with CEV members, and a review of various volumes of the final report. The findings highlight that the commission adopted a long-term historical perspective, revisiting aspects of Spanish colonialism (including structural racism and the hacienda system as an institution of territorial, political, and economic order) as explanatory factors for the various forms of violence experienced during the armed conflict. Additionally, several volumes of the final report emphasize the ongoing impact of colonial legacies, viewing them more as continuities or “ruins,” using Stoler’s concept (2008). While the possibility of dismantling colonial legacies on a material level due to the CEV’s work is debated, its symbolic significance must be highlighted, especially in a context where the State had sought to erase the colonial past. This article contributes to the emerging literature that examines TJ from a decolonial perspective, providing an empirical analysis of the CEV in Colombia, which we believe can become a key reference for this field.

Unity in Diversity of Religions in Bumi Flobamora, Indonesia: From Traditional to Modern Pluralism

The religiously diverse society of NTT (Bumi Flobamora) has received national title as the most tolerant province in Indonesia. However, reality shows that there are religious conflicts, such as the rejection of the establishment of Islamic places of worship and the emergence of various forms of violence with religious nuances. This study attempts to provide a new contemporary social philosophy explanation for the development of religious social conditions. With the help of philosophical methods, the results show that the ideology of pluralism has long lived in Bumi Flobamora. However, this model of "traditional pluralism,” which is based on local wisdom and supported by the government's policy of harmony, is currently no longer in line with demands for universal human rights, because "traditional pluralism" shows the unequal treatment of people of different religions. Therefore, contemporary social philosophy develops a "modern pluralism,” which is built on the principle of equality. To strengthen this new model of pluralism, efforts are needed to overcome the weaknesses of communitarianism. The main weakness of communitarianism is that it opens up a space for religious appreciation that only emphasizes the togetherness and unity of a spiritual community and views those outside the community as other people who may or should even be excluded. The study concludes that the unity of religions in Bumi Flobamora will only survive if traditional pluralism is replaced with modern pluralism, which is in line with the Political Ethics of the Indonesian nation, Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, and the basic philosophy of Pancasila.

Violence as a Coercive Tool to Establish State Control in Harold Pinter’s One for the Road

After Harold Pinter became a member of PEN and Amnesty International in the early 1980s, he grew interested in global politics and started to openly speak up against human rights violations present in several countries of the world. Then, in 1984, he published One for the Road, which is considered his first overtly political play. Taking place in an unnamed country and historical period to preserve its universality, the play portrays the torture and violence practised by totalitarian regimes against political dissidents. This study examines the use of various forms of violence in the text and analyses their role as the means to establish state control over nonconforming individuals, break their will and coerce them into submission. For this purpose, a socio-political approach is used by employing the Norwegian sociologist Johan Galtung’s theory on violence. The detailed analysis of the play reveals that tyrannical systems dehumanise and debase noncomplying citizens using political ideology as an excuse so that imprisoning and torturing them becomes justifiable.

Counteracting Everyday Violence at the Border: A View from Peacebuilding and Border Art

This article presents an overview of the potential for integrating specific peacebuilding strategies with the practice of border art as a tool for addressing various forms of violence in border regions. The specific peacebuilding strategies considered are nonviolent intervention, reduction of direct violence, transformation of relationships, and building capacity. It is proposed that the combination of these strategies with border art provides avenues for counteracting specific forms of violence. Artistic expressions denounce negative social conditions and convey a sense of peace, portraying questions of social justice. Border art can re-politicize border spaces by strategically positioning shared values such as peaceful coexistence and hope. The proposed combination of peacebuilding strategies and border art can be a means of counteracting the normalization of violence and social exclusion in social contexts that are not associated with armed conflict but are permanently affected by everyday violence. This work also aims to facilitate a constructive dialogue between the disciplines of peace studies, critical border studies, and border art.

Implementation Of Special Protection For Children As Victims Of Sexual Violence In The D.I. Yogyakarta Region

The younger generation under the age of 18, including those who are still in the womb, is categorized as children. They are the successors of the nation's ideals and the foundation of hope for the nation's progress in the future, so they need to get protection and guidance in order to contribute optimally to national development. Children, in accordance with Law No. 35 of 2014 Article 1 number 2, are entitled to protection. This protection aims to ensure that they can live, grow, develop, and contribute optimally in accordance with human dignity, as well as avoid violence and discrimination. Behind these rights, children have limitations in protecting themselves from various dangers that can interfere with their mental, physical, and social health, as well as their lives as a whole. Therefore, they need help and support from others to ensure their safety and well-being. The state, both through the central and local governments, as well as related institutions, is required to provide Special Protection to children. This protection is provided in certain situations and conditions to ensure a sense of security for children from various threats that can endanger their growth and development. Ironically, despite various regulations and protection efforts, the rights of many children are still violated. They are victims of various forms of violence, exploitation, mistreatment, discrimination, and even inhuman actions. One of the rampant occurrences is sexual violence against children. Worse, the impact of sexual violence on children does not only depend on the type, but also how often they experience it. The more often, the greater the trauma suffered and the longer the recovery..

Bureaucratic and benign? The violent continuum of Home Office reporting in the UK

The border, the body, immigration reporting centres, and detention facilities, the violence of border regimes operates across these sites through a continuum, successively steering migrants towards subjugation, destitution and removal. Adopting a feminist framing of violence, which attends to the inherent interconnectedness between different sites and scales of violence, this paper focuses on immigration reporting to examine how its sites and practices enact various forms of violence over migrant bodies. Drawing upon ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with asylum-seekers in Bristol and Salford, I argue that a host of spatiotemporal practices produce various forms of violence which become intimately inflicted and experienced, and yet which are inextricably tethered to the foundational logics of sovereign state politics. How reporting sites and processes function reflect the contemporary means through which violence is both imposed and concealed on those who have been categorised as ‘unwanted’ by the state.

Aspectos psicosociales de la violencia de género y su incidencia en el feminicidio: una revisión sistemática

Introduction: research in the field of gender violence and femicide indicates a marked interest on the part of collectives, professionals, and entities working in defense of human rights. The risk factors associated with this phenomenon have psychological, social, political, and economic repercussions that have contributed to gender inequality and discrimination based on the norms of patriarchal cultures. Methodology: a systematic review of the literature was conducted using Boolean equations, searching across three databases (Proquest, ebscohost, and Wos Clarivate). Results: it was found that various forms of violence against women increase the likelihood of behavioral alterations, as well as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, or psychotic disorders. Moreover, various social, economic, and cultural barriers embedded in society limit the eradication of this issue. Conclusions: gender violence has physical and mental effects that negatively impact the comprehensive health of the victims, affecting short, medium, and long-term mental stability and diminishing quality of life.

The expulsion of scholars by Ottoman rule in Algeria

The relationship between the Ottoman authority and the scholars in Algeria was characterised by a duality of hostility and affinity. Ever since the Ottomans came to Algeria, they sought the reassurance of its scholars and sought proximity to them after realising their status and spiritual authority. However, they faced hostility and rejection from some scholars, which led the rulers to use various forms of violence, including exile and expulsion, against scholars who opposed their authority and presence.

The expulsion of scholars by Ottoman rule in Algeria

The relationship between the Ottoman authority and the scholars in Algeria was characterised by a duality of hostility and affinity. Ever since the Ottomans came to Algeria, they sought the reassurance of its scholars and sought proximity to them after realising their status and spiritual authority. However, they faced hostility and rejection from some scholars, which led the rulers to use various forms of violence, including exile and expulsion, against scholars who opposed their authority and presence.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP ANAK YANG KEHILANGAN ORANG TUA AKIBAT PANDEMI COVID-19

This article discusses one of the impacts of a serious problem that has hit the world, namely the Covid-19 pandemic, the impact of which is extraordinary, hundreds of thousands of people have lost their lives as a result of this terrible pandemic. Indonesia is one of the countries that has suffered enormous losses from the loss of human life and the collapse of the Indonesian economy. Apart from the loss of human life, other sectors such as the domestic and global economy have experienced destruction due to the impact of restrictions on social activities which have brought several economic sectors to a halt. The impact of this pandemic has forced many children in various parts of the world to lose their parents, they experience suffering and sorrow because they have lost the people they took refuge in. They are forced to live a life without their loved ones, they are forced to work to survive, and live a new life with all kinds of risks that they have to face, such as the potential for vulnerability, to experience various forms of violence from people around them who don't care about them. child's condition. The loss of the main guardian, namely parents or grandparents, puts children's future at risk. Without the presence of a guardian, children will have difficulty meeting their needs for clothing, food and shelter independently. Not only that, they are also threatened with losing the opportunity to continue the education they are currently receiving. Children's mental development is disrupted because they lose someone who always gives them attention and affection. Apart from that, they will also be vulnerable to child marriage, child trafficking and other acts of violence and crime. This research is normative legal research with an analytical descriptive approach

Climate-health risk (In)visibility in the context of everyday humanitarian practice

Nongovernmental migrant shelters in Mexico play a key role in documenting the factors that shape forced migration from Central America. Existing intake protocols in shelters are largely oriented to humanitarian legal frameworks that determine eligibility for international protection based on interpersonal violence and political persecution. This qualitative study calls attention to how existing humanitarian logics may obscure climate- and health-related disruptions as drivers of forced migration from Central America in the context of everyday humanitarian practice. In May 2022 we compared migrant's responses (n = 40) to a standardized intake protocol at a nongovernmental humanitarian migrant shelter in Mexico with responses to semi-structured interviews that focused on migrants' perceptions of climate change and health as drivers of forced displacement. We found that slow- and rapid-onset climatic disruptions; illness and disease; and various forms of violence and repression are often interrelated drivers of forced displacement. Comparing intake protocols and in-depth interview responses, we found that climate- and health-related drivers of forced displacement are rarely documented. These findings speak to the importance of critically examining everyday humanitarian practices in the context of ongoing advocacy that calls for climate-related disruptions to be integrated into existing humanitarian protection frameworks.

Płciowość i seksualność w kolumbijskim konflikcie zbrojnym: od ucisku patriarchatu po feministyczne ruchy wyzwoleńcze

This article explores the impact of the Colombian armed conflict on gender and sexuality, focusing on the resistance of women who were victims of sexual violence. The conflict, which lasted from 1954 to 2016, had nearly nine million victims. Most were victims of forced displacement. And it also led to various forms of violence, including sexual violence, with women and LGBT people being particularly vulnerable. This article highlights the centrality of gender and sexuality in the conflict and the impact of militarization on the gendered social landscape in Colombia. It examines how women who were victims of sexual violence became important social leaders, utilizing their experience to resist the war and transform cultural norms around gender and violence. Through collective action, these women challenged traditional gender roles and power dynamics. The article emphasizes the importance of recognizing and amplifying the voices of women who have experienced violence in conflict settings and highlights the Colombian armed conflict as a case study of the intersectionality of gender, violence, and resistance.