Various Forms Of Violence Research Articles

Domination and Intimidation as Forms of Symbolic Violence in Adolescent Dating Relationships

The National Commission on Violence Against Women in Annual Record Data 2021 stated that there were 1309 cases of violence in personal relationships in 2020. Among these cases, psychological, physical, and sexual aggression is the most prevalent. This research aims to explore what forms of violence in dating, i.e., domination and intimidation, are experienced by adolescents. This research uses a qualitative approach, with data collected through survey methods. The findings show that domination and intimidation are experienced by more than half of adolescents in dating relationships. The two forms of domination are expectations from and sacrifice for a partner. Meanwhile, the forms of intimidation are speaking in a high tone, threatening, and inflicting fear to do something without the partner’s permission. This violence continues perpetuating, with Doxic through rules that are never considered coercion. This research has implications for educating the adolescents about various forms of violence in relationship that are often considered as a normal things.

Misi Rekonsiliasi: Misi Gereja Katolik dalam Memulihkan Martabat Manusia Pasca Kekerasan di Indonesia

Various forms of violence still occur in Indonesia. This violence brings suffering, both to the victims and the perpetrators. Essentially, violence destroys human dignity. The purpose of this research is to answer the question of what the Catholic Church should do to combat violence and restore human dignity affected by violent acts. The method applied in this research is a qualitative method using literature studies. By employing critical discourse analysis, the thoughts of theologians and Church documents regarding the mission of the Catholic Church in the reality of violence and injustice are carefully examined. This research finds that in the face of the reality of violence and injustice that destroys human dignity, the Catholic Church cannot remain silent; it is called to promote a mission of reconciliation. The Church must strive to show forgiveness to restore the dignity of both victims and perpetrators of violence. It also must engage in dialogue with followers of other religions to address issues of violence. In these ways, the Church presents God Himself, who forgives sinners and restores their dignity.

Addressing Violence Against Parents and Peers and Violence in Schools through the Perspective of Ecological Theory

This paper examines violence against parents and peers and violence in schools using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system theory. We aim to establish connections between these forms of violence, perpetrator characteristics, and conclusions about the influences at different ecological layers. Through in-depth empirical research, we reviewed police, prosecutorial, and court files on child-parent violent crimes. Out of the total closed cases, 46 were included for further analysis, with nine cases addressing violence or misconduct in schools. Our findings highlight the link between violence against parents, early adolescent misbehaviour, and academic problems. Outward manifestations of these issues include discipline problems, truancy, association with problematic peers, substance abuse or addiction, and violent behaviour. Boys exhibit a progression from psychological to physical abuse against their parents and others. These results confirm other conclusions on the early onset and persistent nature of violent and delinquent behaviour. Notably, mental health issues and substance abuse play a significant role at the microsystem level. In conclusion, we recommend policy upgrades with a systematic approach to address youth violence, appropriate care of young people’s mental health and the public delegitimation of various forms of violence.

Evolving Trends and Patterns of Crime Against Women in Nepal (1997–2020): A Sociological Analysis of Violence Dynamics and Implications

This study looks at the changing trends and patterns of violence against women in Nepal from 1997 to 2020. The study examines particular types of violence, such as attempted rape, domestic violence, polygamy, trafficking, witchcraft, child marriage, and abortion. Data from the past two decades are analyzed using a quantitative research approach to look for any trends or patterns in the occurrence of various types of violence. The research's overarching goal is to use statistical analysis to evaluate theories related to these trends in order to better understand the prevalence and fundamental characteristics of crimes against women in Nepal. To analyze the gathered data, the research approach uses descriptive statistics as well as hypothesis testing. The findings are interpreted in light of the existing body of knowledge and ongoing investigations into assaults against women. Different trajectories in the frequency of various forms of violence have been revealed by the data analysis. Over time, we've seen a decline in some forms of violence, like domestic violence. Others, such as attempted rape and human trafficking, have shown an upward trend. This study emphasizes how important it is to continue working to address the underlying issues that lead to violence against women. The importance of creating comprehensive programs that prioritize prevention, prompt intervention, and all-encompassing care for survivors is emphasized. The study ultimately serves as a call for continued commitment to the cause and comprehensive strategies for ending violence against women in Nepal. It adds to the ongoing conversation about the safety and wellbeing of women.

Relational, Ableist and Gendered Sites of Violence: Perspectives of Tanzanian Girls With Disabilities on Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services

Adolescent girls’ access to sexual and reproductive health services is a critical development issue in Tanzania where the intersection of disability and adolescence is compounded by barriers to sexual and reproductive health service access and socially normalised gender-based violence. Using the method of empathy-based stories, I explored the perceptions of 136 Tanzanian adolescent girls with disabilities of how gender-based violence and access to sexual and reproductive health services are intertwined. The findings demonstrate that the intersection of disability and adolescence within sexual and reproductive health services render invisible various forms of violence, which are not only gendered but also ableist. Recognising access to sexual and reproductive health services as a distinct site of violence and addressing the issue in relevant policies and programmes could strengthen the sexual and reproductive health of girls with disabilities. Through an Afrocentric perspective, the findings contribute to the current theoretical constructs used to study disability and development. They call for a reconsideration of relational dynamics in the context of accessible and protected sexual and reproductive health services.

Domestic violence against Iranian women during the Covid-19 lockdown: A cross-sectional study.

Despite the fact that public health measures such as social isolation can help control the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, these procedures may contribute to elevated levels of stress and escalate various forms of violence against women. The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of domestic violence and identify factors associated with domestic violence during the Covid-19 lockdown among married women attending healthcare centers in Iran. This cross-sectional study, conducted between 2020 and 2021, focused on a sample of 5317 married women who sought healthcare services within urban centers across five major cities in Iran. Sampling was done through a multistage cluster method. The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) were used to assess levels of violence. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including independent sample t-test, Chi-square, and multiple logistic regression) with the SPSS software version 22. During the Covid-19 lockdown, psychological violence was reported by 66.7% of women (95% confidence interval [CI], 65.44%-67.98%), physical violence by 44.8% (95% CI, 43.43%-46.10%), sexual violence by 28.8% (95% CI, 27.60%-30.03%), and injury by 24.5% (95% CI, 23.39%-25.70%). The multiple logistic regression showed several significant factors associated with domestic violence. These included low levels of social support (p < 0.001), shorter duration of marriage (p < 0.001), unemployment of both women (p < 0.007) and their spouses (p < 0.001), poor economic status (p < 0.001), as well as substance abuse by the husband, including alcohol (p < 0.001) and drug abuse (p < 0.01), and smoking (p < 0.01). The findings highlighted the magnitude of domestic violence against women during the Covid-19 lockdown. It is crucial to implement comprehensive strategies that encompass preventive and responsive measures to address domestic violence not only during lockdowns but also in the post-lockdown period.

TRADISI PENCULIKAN PENGANTIN PEREMPUAN DALAM FILM ALAA KACHUU: REPRESENTASI KETIDAKSETARAAN GENDER DI KIRGIZSTAN

This research investigates how two movies, both entitled Ala Kachuu (2018 and 2002), represent ala kachuu, i.e. a tradition of bride kidnapping in Kyrgyzstan. Even though the Kyrgyz government has formally banned this practice since 2016, which is considered as a form of forced marriage, it still exists and is practiced by some Kyrgyz. This research used the qualitative method coupled with the mise-en-scène cinematographic technique. By using Stuart Hall’s representation theory (1997) and Mansour Fakih’s gender inequality theory (2008) as analysis tools, this study concludes that both movies represent ala kachuu as a tradition which promotes gender inequality. Moreover, they also represent it as a tradition that leads to various forms of violence against women in Kyrgyzstan.

Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Kepada Istri Berdasarkan Undang - Undang No. 23 Tahun 2004 Tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga

Household is the smallest part of a relationship that exists in society. Families formed within the bonds of marriage norms aim to form harmonious relationships. In fact, not all household is harmonious. The emergence of problem is often resolved in an unethical way, by using violence. Domestic Violence is efined as various forms of violence or threats of violence (physical, psychological, emotional, sexual, and neglect) to control their family members. To arrange the increase of Domestic Violence, the government make Act No. 23 of 2004 which specifically arrange the removal of Domestic Violence, as "a legal umbrella" that can give protection for the Domestic Violence vixtim’s. One example of law enforcement implementation according to Act No. 23 of 2004 that arrange the removal of Domestic Violence has been implemented by Polres Mojokerto in Case of Domestic Violence done by the defendant Boby Exzandro Wardhanny (BEW) Bin Suyatno to the victim, the defendant's wife, Iis Yuliatin (IY). The defendant had physically abused to the victim by grabbing and hitting the victim's right head that make pain in her right ear and bruises behind the right ear that stated in case register number : 75/Pid.Sus/2022/PN Mjk.

Women’s Narratives of Domestic Violence and Help Seeking Behaviour in Coastal Areas of Bangladesh: A Feminist Sociological Exploration

In Bangladesh, various forms of violence are much higher in the remote areas of the southern coastal districts than in any other part of the country. Though there are a number of legal support-related organisations available in the country, they have limited presence in the coastal areas. Hence, based on ten in-depth interviews, this paper focuses on women’s personal reflections on their experience of domestic violence and their attitude towards seeking help to protest against violence. The research findings reveal that although domestic violence takes place inside the family, however, is strengthened by the broader patriarchal structure and legitimised through the practice of negative socio-cultural discourses, religious beliefs, norms, and gender bias legal systems. The findings further establish that patriarchal mentality, traditional norms and discourses, women’s insecurity, lack of education and economic dependency of women create hindrance from receiving legal assistance, which in turn create further scope for domestic violence. Social Science Review, Vol. 39(3), Dec 2022 Page 37-54

Empowering Women in Counseling by Dismantling Internalized Sexism: The Feminist-Multicultural Orientation and Social Justice Competencies

Women are exposed to multiple stressors that derive from various forms of violence and social injustice, most notably sexism. Sexism is an ideological system that maintains and reinforces gender injustice, which manifests at institutional, interactional, and individual levels. Among the various iterations of structural sexism, internalized sexism encourages women to retain and reproduce sexist messages unconsciously, leading to such adverse mental health outcomes as increased feelings of inferiority and self-doubt. With this background, the current article provides a review of literature on internalized sexism among women, as well as its impact on women’s mental health. In so doing, we posit the Feminist-Multicultural Orientation and Social Justice Competencies (F-MCOSJ) as a model for mental health counselors tending to women clients. This model includes feminist multicultural orientation, awareness, knowledge, skills, and actions. A case example is provided to demonstrate how the F-MCOSJ can be applied to address internalized sexism in counseling.

Migration and the Democratisation of Sovereignty

Migration in relation to democracy and sovereignty is considered one of the great challenges of this century. At the local, national, and global levels, migration is causing tensions in the development of democracy and security, which often calls the sovereignty of a given state into question (International IDEA, 2017). The challenges about migration in relation to democracy and sovereignty will increase even further since, according to relevant data, it has been warned that the next exodus is likely to occur as a result of climate change. In accordance with the assertion of the UN Climate Panel, it is said that this coming exodus will occur in the distant future as it is calculated that somewhere around the year 2100 there will be a climate-related warming of the planet of 2 to 3 degrees. The emergence of violent conflicts, climate change, persecution based on ethnic and religious affiliations, and various forms of violence are also en-dangering state sovereignty. These reasons why migrants leave their own countries, along with migrant perspectives, are topics that need to be addressed. It is important to examine migration as the main topic, especially migration in relation to democracy and state sovereignty. Seen in its totality, migration is taking on global dimensions and will be the hottest point of political topics with regard to finding the formula for its management in accordance with democratic values and their compatibility with state borders. Therefore, a debate should be subject to the following questions: how are we to preserve democratic values and the stability of sovereignty, and, should sovereignty be democratised?

Effect of Covid-19 Lockdown on Crimes Against Women in India

The issue of crimes against women has been a matter of concern, and the COVID-19 pandemic has only worsened this situation. The United Nations has labeled this surge in gender-based violence cases as the "Shadow Pandemic," particularly noting the alarming rise within homes. This research seeks to comprehend the scale of crimes against women in India and compare the situations before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. To achieve this, the study employs a descriptive research design and quantitative analysis, drawing mainly from secondary sources like the National Crime Records Bureau. The analysis sheds light on various forms of violence against women, including rape-murder, dowry deaths, abetment to suicide, and other types of abusive behaviors. During the lockdown period, there was a significant decrease in reported cases, with the exception of cyber-crimes, which saw a notable 45% increase. However, after the lockdown, the number of crimes against women rose once again. The study underscores the urgent necessity to address and prevent such offenses to safeguard the safety and wellbeing of women.

Risk factors for violence among female forensic inpatients with schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is associated with a heightened risk of violent behavior. However, conclusions on the nature of this relationship remain inconclusive. Equally, the empirical evidence on female patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) is strongly underrepresented. For this purpose, the first aim of the present retrospective follow-up study was to determine the risk factors of violence in a sample of 99 female SSD patients discharged from forensic psychiatric treatment between 2001 and 2017, using three different measures of violence at varying time points (i.e., violent index offense, inpatient violence, and violent recidivism). Potential risk factors were retrieved from the relevant literature on SSD as well as two violence risk assessment instruments (i.e., HCR-20 V3, FAM). Further, we aimed to assess the predictive validity of the HCR-20 V3 in terms of violent recidivism and evaluate the incremental validity of the FAM as a supplementary gender-responsive assessment. The given results indicate strong heterogeneity between the assessed violence groups in terms of risk factors. Particularly, violence during the index offense was related to psychotic symptoms while inpatient violence was associated with affective and behavioral instability as well as violent ideation/intent, psychotic symptoms, and non-responsiveness to treatment. Lastly, violent recidivism was related to non-compliance, cognitive instability, lack of insight, childhood antisocial behavior, and poverty. Further, the application of the HCR-20 V3 resulted in moderate predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.695), while the supplementary assessment of the FAM did not add any incremental validity. This article provides important insights into the risk factors of violence among female SSD patients while highlighting the importance of differentiating between various forms of violence. Equally, it substitutes the existing evidence on violence risk assessment in female offenders with SSD.

Prevention Strategy of Violence in Pesantren

Violence such as beatings, intimidation, sexual harassment, and other forms often occur in many Pesantren. Cases of violence in Pesantren tarnished the name of Pesantren collectively, received stigma from various groups, and diminished public trust in Pesantren regarding the safety of students. Violence and bullying in Pesantren imply the significance and urgency of preventing violence and creating a safe Pesantren environment. Prevention of violence in Pesantren needs to be done with an effective strategy and a comprehensive approach. This paper aims to describe strategies for preventing violence in Pesantren and their relevance to various forms of violence in Pesantren, including bullying and sexual harassment. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a case study approach. The data in this study are primary data obtained by observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study found that the prevention strategies used at Dayah Ummul Ayman included strengthening the supervisory function at the layer closest to the santri, continuing counseling on anti-violence in Pesantren, teaching commendable moral values, and internalizing commendable moral values. This paper is weak in generalization due to the use of qualitative methods. The researcher recommends that future researchers may use mixed methods in research on violence in Pesantren to produce more thorough and comprehensive findings.

The Indexification of Poverty: The Covert Politics of Small‐Area Indices

AbstractIn recent decades statistical indices have become a dominant method for measuring many features of the social world. While the resulting enumerations are regularly cited by critical human geographers, the wider political stakes of indexing the world remain unaddressed. In this article, we theorise indexification as the process through which composite statistics transform theoretical constructs into epistemic objects, and then geographically bounded rankings. Rather than a neutral process, we argue that these epistemological manoeuvres can mask various forms of violence. Through a detailed analysis of the UK's Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), we highlight the clandestine politics of indexification and their tendency to conceal harms meted out by the state. Seeking a more critical reckoning with indices, we conclude by calling for and outlining a project of radical indexification—a participatory, democratic, and transparent endeavour that takes spatial justice as its organising principle.

Violence against Women: A comparative study of Islamic (with reference to Pakistan) and non-Islamic Jurisdictions

The present study aims to examine the evil of violence against women within different cultures of the world. The research focuses on conducting a comparative analysis to shed light on the patterns of violence experienced by women in Islamic and non-Islamic contexts. The study explores various forms of violence, including physical, sexual, psychological, and economic abuse, with respect to, domestic violence, sexual assault, honour-based violence, familial abuse, discriminatory practices and cultural injustices. By examining the experiences of women across different cultural, social, and economic backgrounds, this study seeks to identify effective measures to address and prevent violence against women. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, this study contributes to the broader understanding of violence against women and provides valuable insights, strategies and policies for policymakers, practitioners, and advocates working towards gender equality and the eradication of violence against women. The study has followed the doctrinal method of research.

RAG HEAD, white supremacy, and violence: Dramatic reflections on a decade after the Oak Creek gurdwara shootings

ABSTRACT This essay examines how five playwrights from the global Sikh diaspora use theater to resist various forms of violence. My analysis of their plays shows how the playwrights engage with the messiness of diaspora lives, lives in which hate and state violence, domestic violence, the violence of [ongoing] colonialism, and intergenerational trauma are faced head-on -- including for the audiences of the plays and the perpetrators of violence. Through the plays, I present analyses on how experiences with violence structure our lives and on how the Sikh idea of sarbat da bhala provides a transformative and liberatory justice framework.

Earth System at Risk: Challenging Environmental (In)Justice

Earth System at Risk: Challenging Environmental (In)Justice

SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO THE PROBLEM OF DEVIANT BEHAVIOR OF ADOLESCENTS AT RISK

The article is dedicated to the problem of deviant behavior of children and adolescents. The worsening of social and economic situation in Ukraine has led to the number of children with deviant behavior being increased. This category of children due to certain circumstances in their lives is more than any other category exposed to negative external influences. Thus, the problem of finding effective ways for preventive work with them is actualised. Scientific researches show that very often young people, who have committed either crime or offence, are referred to as the so-called «group of risk». Consequently, this issue has caused much debate on organising and provision of appropriate educational work to this group of population. The term «at-risk children» has been extensively used by Ukrainian and foreign scientists who’s views rest on the assumption that two important aspects of risk are to be considered: it is the risk to any society, because behaviour of such children is usually contrary to general norms and rules; it is the risk to children themselves, a threat to their health, their further personal development and even their life. Our views are grounded on the assumption that children at risk are the children who: are left without parental care; reside in socially disadvantaged families; have problems in the moral (sometimes physical or mental) development; experience violations in psychological and social adaptation; are characterized by displays of deviant behaviour. Recently, children from the zone of armed conflict of the eastern part of Ukraine have joined this group. It is underlined that working with these children is extremely difficult. It’s a long and complicated process, because of difficulties the professionals meet with in changing the personality of a child, who either has already had a negative life experience, or negative assessment of oneself and others, has suffered from various forms of violence or is deprived of parental warmth, affection and feels unnecessary. Great attention to the problem of deviant behaviour and its prevention is paid in the USA. So, the aim of the study is to analyze the main American theories of deviations. Theoretical research methods have been used in this study: analysis of scientific sources, systematisation and generalisation of available data. The results of this investigation give possibility to state that many American scientists (Merton R, Parsons T., Rice F., Long N., Wood M.) made a great contribution to the research of the problem of deviations. They proposed different scientific approaches and theories (anomie, social control, interactionism, etc.) of deviations and some ways of prevention.

Street Guide as a Literary Genre: La Manada City

This study thoroughly examines La Manada (The Wolf Pack) City, an artwork that illuminates the various forms of violence and oppression experienced by urban communities, particularly women and marginalized groups. Our research specifically focuses on the literary elements of this painted map which demonstrates the transition from defensive to artistic strategies as a means of survival. Initially, we aim to provide a comprehensive background of the artwork, including its title, social context, the incidents that inspired the idea, and the author’s activism. Subsequently, we scrutinize the literary resources of the 257 items that comprise the street guide of the map. By analysing the various names given to locations on the map, including literary devices and semantic fields, we observe reminiscences of classic surrealist paintings and the artist’s ability to protect herself while revealing the violence hidden behind the guise of antithesis, alliteration, metaphor, and other literary devices. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our research, we compared it to two other maps with different intentions. Our findings confirm the strength of La Manada City, which operates both locally and globally. As a representation of the former emporium city of Seville, our map exposes the adverse impact of dominant capitalistic strategies on community life, perpetuating inequalities for countless “poor owners of the world” by disregarding nature and culture.