Variation Of Physical Parameters Research Articles

Temperature dependences and rate effects on Mode II fracture toughness determined by punch-through shear technique for granite

Most studies of thermal effects on rock fracture have focused on Mode I, while the temperature-dependence and loading rate effect on Mode II fracture are rarely involved. We present the static and dynamic punch-through shear (PTS) tests, implemented on the INSTRON 1342 and the modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system respectively, as the approaches for determining the Mode II fracture toughness (KIIC) of PTS specimens at a series of thermal treatments and loading rates. As any macroscopic characteristic of rock is related to its microscopic or mesoscopic structures and properties, the SEM technique is thus applied to observe the mesoscopic morphology of heated and tested specimens. The fracture mode in the static and dynamic PTS tests is verified to be the dominant Mode II by fracture surface SEM observations. The results show that static KIIC (KIICS) increases with the thermal treatment temperature while static Mode I fracture toughness (KIC) is almost unchanged within 200 °C, and they all decrease substantially from 200 °C to 600 °C. Moreover, the dynamic KIIC (KIICD) at each thermal treatment temperature appears obvious loading rate effect. The strengthening effect of high loading rate on KIICD is almost unchanged below 400 °C, while the thermal effect on KIICD/KIICS becomes apparent when the temperature reaches 600 °C. The SEM observation displays that almost no cracks initiating within 200 °C, and the growth of obvious intergranular and transgranular cracks commence at about 400 °C and 600 °C, respectively. Besides, reticular cracks start to generate at 400 °C. As such, the mesoscopic characteristics at different thermal treatment temperatures are in accord with the variations of physical and mechanical parameters.

Heavy metal concentrations in the edible portions of Centella asiatica: Health risk toward chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology

Centella asiatica is a commonly consumed green leafy vegetable in many developing countries due its high nutritious value and availability at low cost. The present study was conducted to assess the Cd, Cr and Pb uptake associated health risks of Centella asiatica harvested from organic and non-organic cultivations in a chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDue) prevalent area in Sri Lanka. The health risk assessment was conducted in terms of the bioconcentration factor (BCF), soil-to-root and root-to-leaf translocation factors ({text{TF}},({text{soil-root}}) and {text{TF}},({text{root-leaf}})), Target hazard quotient for each heavy metal (THQ) and hazard index (HI). In addition, the spatial variation of physical and chemical parameters of the root zone soil were assessed using MINITAB 17 statistical software. Results indicated significant spatial variations in conductivity, organic matter content and Cr concentrations among organic and non-organic study sites. The Cr, Cd and Pb concentrations recorded from roots and leaves of Centella asiatica were higher than the safe limits for consumption established by the European Union. The health risk analysis indicated that there is a potential of hyper-accumulating Cd in the roots of Centella asiatica. Further, the THQ and HI of the heavy metals indicated possible adverse non-cancer health risks associated with long-term consumption of leaves of Centella asiatica. Therefore, necessary precautionary actions to prevent the excessive buildup of Cr, Cd and Pb in the edible portions of Centella asiatica are essential in order to ensure consumer safety.

Can the variation of physical and biological parameters explain the distinct sessile communities from cryptic habitats across a coastal bay?

Coastal habitats are critical transition zones supporting a diverse and abundant marine community but are under strong human influence. Sustainable management of those habitats must rely on robust understanding of the processes regulating the diversity and functioning of the local communities. However, most of the studies to date have focused predominantly on the benthic communities from positive surface of rocks. Here, using a sessile community from negative surfaces, we described how larval availability, recruitment, predation and physical parameters affect the diversity and distribution of species along a gradient formed from the mouth to the middle portions of a diverse coastal bay threatened by the expansion of a port in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Monthly, from August 2015 to November 2016, we compared the composition of sessile species on the lateral and undersurface of rocks, the water physical parameters, the substrate composition and availability, as well as the abundance of larvae in the plankton and the recruitment in the mouth and the middle portions of the bay. Additionally, we also conducted a predator exclusion experiment to compare the predation pressure across the bay. The sessile community in the middle of the bay is a subset of the community in the mouth, where ascidians and bryozoans contributed to increase diversity. While the amount of rocky substrate was similar between sites, the proportion of granite, the water turbidity and the chlorophyll concentration were higher in the middle of the bay. Larvae and recruits were more abundant in the middle of the bay, mainly during the spring and summer months, but recruits were more diverse in the mouth of the bay during the whole study. Although reducing diversity, predation had similar effects in the two sites and did not explain the differences in the sessile communities. Our results reinforce that in critical transition zones, the relative importance of regional oceanic and local processes changes along the ocean-land gradient. While communities in the mouth of the bay are more diverse and dynamic, being composed by several species of colonial filter-feeding organisms, the high turbidity in the middle of the bay seems to restrict those organisms, resulting in communities mainly composed by serpulid worms and oysters. Communities closer to the bottom of the bay are also near to the source of allochthonous sediments and nutrients, being consequently more susceptible to human disturbances.

Influence of storm events on surf zone zooplankton in a Southwestern Atlantic sandy beach: A preliminary methodology using high-frequency physical data

Here we present a preliminary methodology and unprecedented data for sandy beach surf zones, focused on understanding the effects of the passage of storm events in surf- zooplankton communities. The main objectives of the present study were to analyze the variation of surf zone physical parameters during several storm events, which have occurred on Pehuen Co beach (PC), using high-frequency physical data and to explore the influence of these events on surf zooplankton taking into account some ecological community indicators such as taxa richness, abundance and diversity. We observed that the zooplankton community structure was significantly altered after the storms, mainly in terms of abundance, but also in the number of taxa and general diversity. In addition, important differences between storm duration were registered. The short-duration storms (< 6 h) were associated with an increase of zooplankton abundances after the events, whereas the long-duration ones (> 6 h) showed a sharp decrease in the number of organisms. Based on the present results, the coastal biological system could be completely altered during storm events, considering that the observed changes in the zooplankton community probably affect other species that interact with them, altering the trophic relationships in surf waters. Additionally, the high-frequency data provided us valuable information not only to visualize the hydrodynamic consequences of the storms, but also to explain the changes in the zooplankton community. The present contribution provides an initial step toward comprehensive research about the physical-biological interactions in surf zone waters during storms, even more in the actual context of climate change where extreme events are expected to increase in frequency and intensity.

11 Assessment of the impact of age on fecal microbial ecosystem in horses

In humans, aging influences gut microbiota diversity and structure. In horses, modifications in gut microbiota could also occur, potentially leading to alteration in digestion and metabolism, development of diseases and even behavioral changes. Such modifications can affect microbial functions and consequently digestive capabilities. The aim of this in vivo study was to assess the age-related variations of microbial activity and physical parameters in the equine fecal ecosystem. The study population was composed of 50 horses (6–30 years old, geldings and mares from different breeds) conducted outdoors in the same sanctuary. Before the study, horses were dewormed and a dental examination was performed. They were gradually adapted during 1 week to the experimental diet (hay ad libitum + 860g muesli/horse/day). After 3 weeks of dietary management, naturally voided feces were collected individually for determination of pH, dry matter (DM), and fermentation end products concentrations (lactate and volatile fatty acids (VFA)). Age was correlated to each parameter (R software) and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated. A GLM procedure was performed to compare the 5 age classes considered. Lactate and total VFA concentrations, propionate and iso-butyrate proportions were not correlated with age. Fecal pH and acetate (C2) proportion decreased with age, while DM, butyrate (C4), iso-valerate (iC5) and valerate (C5) proportions increased with age (Table 1). The fecal pH ( P = 0.024), DM ( P = 0.014), C4 ( P < 0.001) and C5 ( P < 0.001) proportions were different between elder horses (≥26 years) and younger (Table 1). These preliminary data suggest age-related modifications in digestion or metabolites absorption. Variation in microbiota activity and/or composition might explain some of these modifications. Bacterial structure and diversity in fecal ecosystem would provide complementary information to understand digestive evolution with age.

Engineering Method for Tailoring Electrical Characteristics in TiN/TiOx/HfOx/Au Bi-Layer Oxide Memristive Devices

Memristive devices have led to an increased interest in neuromorphic systems. However, different device requirements are needed for the multitude of computation schemes used there. While linear and time-independent conductance modulation is required for machine learning, non-linear and time-dependent properties are necessary for neurobiologically realistic learning schemes. In this context, an adaptation of the resistance switching characteristic is necessary with regard to the desired application. Recently, bi-layer oxide memristive systems have proven to be a suitable device structure for this purpose, as they combine the possibility of a tailored memristive characteristic with low power consumption and uniformity of the device performance. However, this requires technological solutions that allow for precise adjustment of layer thicknesses, defect densities in the oxide layers, and suitable area sizes of the active part of the devices. For this purpose, we have investigated the bi-layer oxide system TiN/TiOx/HfOx/Au with respect to tailored I-V non-linearity, the number of resistance states, electroforming, and operating voltages. Therefore, a 4-inch full device wafer process was used. This process allows a systematic investigation, i.e., the variation of physical device parameters across the wafer as well as a statistical evaluation of the electrical properties with regard to the variability from device to device and from cycle to cycle. For the investigation, the thickness of the HfOx layer was varied between 2 and 8 nm, and the size of the active area of devices was changed between 100 and 2,500 µm2. Furthermore, the influence of the HfOx deposition condition was investigated, which influences the conduction mechanisms from a volume-based, filamentary to an interface-based resistive switching mechanism. Our experimental results are supported by numerical simulations that show the contribution of the HfOx film in the bi-layer memristive system and guide the development of a targeting device.

Stabilization of Unsteady Nonlinear Waves by Phase-Space Manipulation

We introduce a dynamic stabilization scheme universally applicable to unidirectional nonlinear coherent waves. By abruptly changing the waveguiding properties, the breathing of wave packets subject to modulation instability can be stabilized as a result of the abrupt expansion a homoclinic orbit and its fall into an elliptic fixed point (center). We apply this concept to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation framework and show that an Akhmediev breather envelope, which is at the core of Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou recurrence and extreme wave events, can be frozen into a steady periodic (dnoidal) wave by a suitable variation of a single external physical parameter. We experimentally demonstrate this general approach in the particular case of surface gravity water waves propagating in a wave flume with an abrupt bathymetry change. Our results highlight the influence of topography and waveguide properties on the lifetime of nonlinear waves and confirm the possibility to control them.

Influence of high marine Ca/SO4 ratio on alteration of submarine basalts at 2.41 Ga documented by triple O and Sr isotopes of epidote

Over the course of Earth’s history, marine sulfate concentrations have been increasing in response to long-term atmospheric oxygenation. In contrast to modern oceans, where abundant sulfate precipitates in hot oceanic crust as anhydrite, Precambrian oceans contained much less (~0–10 mM) sulfate, so that submarine hydrothermal systems were comparatively poor in anhydrite. As a step towards exploring the role of chemical evolution of seawater solutes, we investigate the reaction between basalt and seawater that took place at the ca. 2.43–2.41 Ga Vetreny Belt (Karelia craton, NW Russia) using fluid inclusion and multi-isotope measurements complemented by reactive transport and static aqueous-mineral equilibrium calculations. Using fluid inclusion measurements by LA-ICP-MS, we constrain the Sr concentration in the least modified seawater-derived fluids and address the effect of phase separation. Then, we complement the previous δ18O – Δ′17O datasets with new 87Sr/86Sr measurements performed on 2.41 Ga epidote from the Vetreny Belt, and recent (0–6 Ma) oceanic epidote from Reykjanes, Iceland and the drilling site 504B in the eastern Pacific Ocean. The 2.41 Ga epidote with 87Sr/86Srinitial of 0.7029–0.7042 and Δ′17O of –0.06 to 0.00‰ is best explained by a relatively high fraction (~90%) of marine Sr that was delivered from contemporaneous seawater with 87Sr/86Sr ≈ 0.7045, and without significant removal by early anhydrite. Using Monte-Carlo simulation of a dual-porosity model, we constrain the range of possible exchange trajectories based on the variability of physical parameters (porosity, fluid flow velocity, fracture spacing, recrystallization rates). Further, we use a series of static equilibrium seawater-basalt reaction calculations with emphasis on the possible range of marine Ca/SO4 values at 2.41 Ga. Our calculations demonstrate that co-existing quartz and epidote in absence of feldspars represent equilibrium with less-evolved hydrothermal fluids. Consequently, equilibrium assemblage of quartz and epidote provide an insightful archive for marine Sr. Based on our modeling and assumptions about marine 87Sr/86Sr and Sr/Ca ratios, the 2.41 Ga epidotes document a seawater-basalt reaction where the initial fluid contained between 30 and 40 mM of Ca and 0–10 mM SO4, representing a high marine input and the possible effect of phase separation. Based on our data, we suggest that high Ca/SO4 ratio of seawater (≫1) and low concentration of anhydrite in submarine systems of the contemporaneous oceans promote a higher fraction of seawater Sr to be permanently stored in silicates of altered oceanic crust. In contrast, modern altered oceanic crust is depleted in radiogenic Sr due to partitioning into anhydrite, which partly returns into the ocean upon cooling.

Heat Transfer in Nanomaterial Suspension (CuO and Al2O3) Using KKL Model

Novel nonlinear power-law flux models were utilized to model the heat transport phe-nomenon in nano-micropolar fluid over a flexible surface. The nonlinear conservation laws (mass, momentum, energy, mass transport and angular momentum) and KKL cor-relations for nanomaterial under novel flux model were solved numerically. Computed results were used to study the shear-thinning and shear-thickening nature of nano pol-ymer suspension by considering n-diffusion theory. Normalized velocity, temperature and micro-rotation profiles were investigated under the variation of physical parame-ters. Shear stresses at the wall for nanoparticles (CuO and Al2O3) were recorded and dis-played in the table. Error analyses for different physical parameters were prepared for various parameters to validate the obtained results.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SKY QUALITY AND METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES DURING THE TOTAL LUNAR ECLIPSE ON 14-15 APRIL 2014 AND THEIR EFFECT ON QUALITATIVE MEASUREMENTS OF THE BORTLE SCALE

A total lunar eclipse plausibly has an influence on the variation of some environmental physical parameters, specifically on the conditions of the sky brightness, humidity and temperature. During the eclipse on 14th - 15th April 2014, these parameters were measured with a photometer and a weather station. The obtained results allow the comparison, practically, of the optimal conditions for observational astronomy work in the Tatacoa desert and, therefore, to certify it as suitable place to develop night sky astronomical observations. This investigation determined, to some extent, the suitability of this place to carry out astronomical work and research within the optical range. Thus, the changes recorded during the astronomical phenomenon allowed the classification of the sky based on the Bortle Scale.

Structural, optical, thermal and other physical properties of Bi2O3 modified Lithium Zinc Silicate glasses

A series of 60SiO2–15ZnO-(25-x)Li2O-xBi2O3 glasses with x = 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mol% were synthesized using conventional melt-quenching method and their amorphous nature was ascertained by X-ray diffraction technique. The variation in physical parameters viz. density (ρ), crystalline volume (Vc), molar volume (Vm) and oxygen packing density (OPD) with composition of as- prepared glass samples has been analyzed. The physical properties related parameters such as average value of silicon- silicon (Si-Si) separation 〈dSi-Si〉, polaron radius (Rp), Bi3+ ion concentration (N), bismuth yield field strength (F) and interionic distance (Ri) have been determined. Investigations of infrared and Raman spectra reveal that tetrahedral [ZnO4] and [SiO4] structural units are main building blocks of glass network, whereas, Bi2O3 exists as both network modifier octahedral [BiO6] and network former pyramidal [BiO3] structural units. Optical bandgap energy (Eg) values determined by UV–VIS-IR spectroscopy indicate a decreasing trend with increasing Bi2O3%. The as-prepared glasses possess relatively high values of the optical basicity (1.069–1.208), electronic oxide ion polarizability (4.522–7.893 Å3), third order non-linear optical susceptibility (0.086–0.922 × 10−11esu) and metallization criterion (0.2991–0.4396) thereby implying that the present glasses may be suitable in non-linear optical applications.

Spatial and temporal variation of physicochemical parameters in northern Persian Gulf

Today, there are undesired changes in the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water which impose a tremendous threat on aquatic species. Knowing the details of physical and chemical parameters and their behaviors such as temperature, salinity, density, dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, and chlorophyll-a for survivability of the aquatic ecosystem is essential. This paper discusses these parameters through a time series analysis of observation for the year 2007. The spatial and temporal variations of water chemical and physical parameters are investigated in nine stations in the northern part of the Persian Gulf. While many investigations have been carried out on the Persian Gulf, the innovation of this research is focusing on the northern part which is not or little discussed in the previous, historical studies, and barely data are available for this region. Analyses of the data in the study area show that the water is well mixed during the year due to the shallowness and tidal effects. Water is alkaline and tends to have a stable pH and relatively high salinity and temperature. pH is an important factor in determining the amount of toxic dissolved heavy metals in water. Turbidity and chlorophyll-a are low at the surface and increased toward the water bed as depth increases. The results of this paper are of the interest of the academic, business, and industrial communities and from a management point of view help the policymakers and environment managers to propose effective–strategic decisions that both help coastal communities and save aquatic life.

Head-on collision of ion-acoustic multi-solitons and study of rogue waves in electron-beam superthermal plasma

In this investigation, head-on collision of ion-acoustic (IA) multi-solitons and study of characteristics of ion acoustic rogue waves in an unmagnetized plasma which includes ion fluid, superthermal hot electrons, and penetrated by electron beam have been presented. The Korteweg-de Vries equation have been derived by employing the extended Poincaré-Lighthill-Kuo (PLK) method. Further, multi-solitons of different KdV equations have also been determined by following the Hirota bilinear method. The combined effects of electron beam parameters and variation of different physical parameters on the characteristics of IA solitons and phase shifts of multi-solitons have been analyzed. It is remarked that electron beam components and other plasma parameters significantly influence the phase shifts and other properties of ion-acoustic solitons (IASs). Furthermore, the nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE) has been derived from the KdV equation by using appropriate transformation. The characteristics of different orders rogue waves have also been studied from the different solutions of NLSE. The results of this study may be of great importance to understand the characteristics properties of various kinds of nonlinear solitary structures in different kinds of plasma systems.

Transit cosmological models in modified f(Q,T) gravity

[Formula: see text] gravity is a recently proposed modified theory of gravity due to Xu et al. ([Formula: see text]). It is an extension of the symmetric teleparallel gravity, in which the gravitational action is given by an arbitrary function [Formula: see text] of the non-metricity tensor [Formula: see text] and the trace of energy-momentum tensor [Formula: see text]. In this paper also, we have investigated the cosmological model with Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–walker (FLRW) Universe in [Formula: see text] theory with [Formula: see text]. Applying the energy conservation condition [Formula: see text], we have obtained the various cosmological parameters viz. Hubble parameter [Formula: see text], deceleration parameter [Formula: see text], etc. in terms of redshift [Formula: see text]. Using the available observational Hubble datasets [Formula: see text], the best fit values of the model parameters are determined by the [Formula: see text]-test formula. For these obtained values of model parameters, our model represents a transit cosmological model with past decelerating to present accelerating expansion phase of the Universe with the present value [Formula: see text]. The point of signature-flipping (transition) is calculated as [Formula: see text]. We have analyzed the variations of physical parameters viz. matter energy density [Formula: see text], isotropic pressure [Formula: see text], equation of state [Formula: see text] with respect to redshift [Formula: see text] and coupling parameter [Formula: see text]. For checking the viability of our derived model, we have tested energy conditions and also performed statefinder diagnosis. The age of the Universe is also calculated.

A Comparison of Decimeter Scale Variations of Physical and Photobiological Parameters in a Late Winter First-Year Sea Ice in Southwest Greenland

Small-scale variation in the physical and biological properties of sea ice was examined by collecting nine sea ice cores within 1 m2 in a land-fast first-year ice in southwest Greenland in late winter. Cores were sectioned in four segments and sea ice physical, biological, and photobiological parameters were measured. The main purpose was to explore the decimeter-scale horizontal and vertical variations in common sea ice parameters. ANOVA analyses revealed significant within-core variations for bulk salinity, brine salinity, brine volume, gas volume, chlorophyll a (Chl a), and the maximum light-limited photosynthetic efficiency (α). Only temperature and bulk salinity variations were significant between cores, and no significant variations were found within or between cores for other photobiological parameters. Power analyses were applied to determine the number of replicates needed to achieve a significance at p &lt; 0.05 with sufficient power, and showed a minimum of four and preferably five replicate cores to detect the observed variability in this first-year ice. It is emphasized that these results only apply to this type of first-year ice in late winter/early spring, and that different variations may apply to other types of ice.

Optimized Tilt Fractional Order Cooperative Controllers for Preserving Frequency Stability in Renewable Energy-Based Power Systems

The low system inertia and the high sensitivity to load and generation fluctuations represent the main challenges for future ambitious plans of modern power systems accompanied by high penetrations levels of the renewable energy sources (RESs). Therefore, this article presents a new approach for solving the load frequency control (LFC) in addition to the virtual inertia control (VIC) in interconnected RESs penetrated power systems using cooperative tilt-based controllers and a hybrid modified particle swarm optimization with genetic algorithm (MPSOGA). The VIC system is adopted using superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) to provide sufficient inertial energy for system stability. Two tilt-based controllers are employed in each area using the tilt-integral-derivative (TID) controller for the SMES and TID with filter (TIDF) for the LFC function. The cooperative optimum design of the TID/TIDF controllers leads to the enhancement of frequency stability in studied two-area power systems. The formulated optimization process aims to minimize the frequency nadir settling time during abrupt changes of RESs and/or load changes, considering the cooperative control of LFC and VIC. The proposed approach has been applied to a case study consisting of two-area power systems, connected via hybrid high voltage DC/AC (hybrid HVAC/HVDC) tie-line, integrated with distributed conventional generations, photovoltaic (PV), and wind generation systems. Performance analysis has been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method is compared to the genetic algorithm (GA) and particle-swarm optimization (PSO) using high fluctuations of renewable generations under extreme changes in loading conditions and physical parameters variation. The obtained results show the superiority of MPSOGA approach on the other competitive optimization techniques.

Occurrence of Gasterophilus spp. in Weanling Foals in Southern Brazil

Background: The occurrence of gastrointestinal myiasis caused by Gasterophilus spp. larvae (Diptera: Oestridae) in adult horses has been widely characterized, however data on natural infestation in young foals have been lacking. This observation may be related to the absence of conclusive diagnosis in these individuals, most likely due to logistical or financial constraints. Gastric ulceration is a problem and a significant cause of morbidity in foals, particularly during the weaning stage; therefore, gasterophilosis should be included in the differential diagnosis. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of gasterophilosis in 4- to 6-month-old weanling foals.Material, Methods &amp; Results: Seventy-one healthy weanling foals were enrolled in the study. Physical assessment blood sampling and was completed in all foals before the commencement of the experiment. Gastroscopy examinations were performed under sedation (Detomidine 0.01 - 0.02 mg/kg) with a flexible endoscope inserted through nasogastric via. The lumen of the stomach was examined in order to search for botflies’ larvae. Following gastroscopy, foals were classified into 2 groups based on the presence of Gasterophilus spp. larvae in their stomachs: 1) Infected and 2) Not Infected. Infected foals received a single dose of commercial trichlorfon and albendazole equine oral gel and were stalled for 24 h. The passed feces were thoroughly examined, searching for elimination of larvae. A Total of 64% of the foals (n=45/71) harbored Gasterophilus spp. larvae in the stomach. Mild hyperemia in the gastric mucosa was observed in the attachment sites of the parasites. Physical assessment and hematological parameters’ data were analyzed with Shapiro-Wilk normality test. Comparison between groups for clinical signs, hematological parameters and Gasterophilus spp. infection rates were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test or Student's t-test. Statistical significance was set at P &lt; 0.05. There were no statistically significant variations in physical and hematological parameters between foals that were affected and those that were not infected. The larvae found in the feces were subjected to morphological examination, which confirmed the diagnosis of Gasterophilus intestinalis.Discussion: No systemic clinical indications compatible with Gasterophilus infestation were seen, as described in previous studies of horses infected with the parasite. No botfly eggs were observed in the hair of evaluated foals. During gastroscopy, mild hyperemic lesions in the gastric mucosa were observed in the larvae fixation sites. Although no changes in clinical or hematological parameters were noted, the confirmation of parasite presence is a cause for concern due to horses' tolerance for low infestation levels and poor diagnosis. Additionally, the presence of this myiasis in foals may be a significant stressor during the weaning period and should be included in the differential diagnosis of recurring abdominal pain. Furthermore, infected foals might be a reservoir for the parasite and, contribute to the elimination and spread of the larvae in the environment. Thus, inclusion of young horses in deworming protocols targeted to botfly larvae is needed. This is the first report of Gasterophilus intestinalis myiasis in foals in Brazil. Further research is necessary to fully understand the epidemiology and prevalence of this condition in young horses in Brazil, based on the findings of this study. Keywords: Gasterophilus intestinalis, cavity myiasis, gastroscopy, Oestridae.

Dynamic stability of anisotropic fiber-reinforced plate

The dynamic stability problem of an anisotropic fiber-reinforced plate under increasing compressing load is considered in a geometrically nonlinear formulation using the Kirchhoff-Love’s shell theory. The problem is solved using the Bubnov-Galerkin method based on a polynomial approximation of the deflections in combination with a numerical method based on quadrature formulas. For a wide range of variations of physical, mechanical, and geometrical parameters, the dynamic behavior of the plate is studied.

Physical Parameter Variation Analysis on the Performance Characteristics of Nano DG-MOSFETs

DG-MOSFETs are the most widely explored device architectures for nano-scale CMOS circuit design in sub-50 nm due to the improved subthreshold slope and the reduced leakage power compared to bulk MOSFETs. In thin-film (tsi by tsi- induced quantum confinement along with the confinement caused by a very high electric field at the interface. Therefore, quantum confinement effects on the device characteristics are also quite important and it needs to be incorporated along with short channel effects for nano-scale circuit design. In this paper, we analyzed a DG-MOSFET structure at the 20 nm technology node incorporating quantum confinement effects and various short channel effects. The effect of physical parameter variations on performance characteristics of the device such as threshold voltage, subthreshold slope, ION - IOFF ratio, DIBL, etc. has been investigated and plotted through extensive TCAD simulations. The physical parameters considered in this paper are operating temperature (Top), channel doping concentration (Nc), gate oxide thickness (tox) and Silicon film thickness (tsi). It was observed that quantum confinement of charge carriers significantly affected the performance characteristics (mostly the subthreshold characteristics) of the device and therefore, it cannot be ignored in the subthreshold region-based circuit design like in many previous research works. The ATLASTM device simulator has been used in this paper to perform simulation and parameter extraction. The TCAD analysis presented in the manuscript can be incorporated for device modeling and device matching. It can be used to illustrate exact device behavior and for proper device control.

Flow features of three side-by-side rectangular cylinders under the effect of aspect ratios and Reynolds numbers

This study focuses on the characteristics of flow past three side-by-side rectangular cylinders under the effect of aspect ratios (AR) and Reynolds numbers (Re) at two different gap ratios ([Formula: see text]) using the lattice Boltzmann method. For this purpose, AR is varied in the range of 0.25–4, the Re values are 100, 140 and 180 and the two different values of [Formula: see text] taken into account are [Formula: see text] and 3. The results are presented in the form of vorticity contours, temporal histories of drag and lift coefficients and power spectrum of lift coefficients. Also, the variation of physical parameters like mean drag coefficient, Strouhal number and the root-mean-square values of drag and lift coefficients with Re and AR is presented for [Formula: see text] and 3. The current numerical computations yield that for both gap ratios and all Re, there exist four different flow regimes depending on AR: (a) steady flow, (b) modulated flow, (c) symmetric flow and (d) periodic flow. At narrow gap ratios, the jet flow emerging within the gaps of cylinders altered the flow structures and fluid forces abruptly. The aspect ratio is found to have more influence on the flow characteristics of cylinders as compared to the Reynolds numbers at large gap ratios.