Heat Transfer in Nanomaterial Suspension (CuO and Al2O3) Using KKL Model

Muhammad Awais,Yigang He,Wasim Khan,Saeed Ehsan Awan,Muhammad Raja,Muhammad Nawaz,Muhammad Yousaf Malik

doi:10.3390/coatings11040417

Abstract

Novel nonlinear power-law flux models were utilized to model the heat transport phe-nomenon in nano-micropolar fluid over a flexible surface. The nonlinear conservation laws (mass, momentum, energy, mass transport and angular momentum) and KKL cor-relations for nanomaterial under novel flux model were solved numerically. Computed results were used to study the shear-thinning and shear-thickening nature of nano pol-ymer suspension by considering n-diffusion theory. Normalized velocity, temperature and micro-rotation profiles were investigated under the variation of physical parame-ters. Shear stresses at the wall for nanoparticles (CuO and Al2O3) were recorded and dis-played in the table. Error analyses for different physical parameters were prepared for various parameters to validate the obtained results.

Highlights

Polymer liquids like suspensions are non-Newtonian liquids containing solid-like microstructure
Strain correlations (i) the stress–strain correlations associated with macromotion caused by the body and surface forces and (ii) couple stress–strain constitutive equations based on micro-rotations of solid structures immersed in the suspension
Eringen [1] was the first to introduce the theory of such fluids and named them “micropolar fluids” (MF)

Summary

Introduction

Polymer liquids like suspensions are non-Newtonian liquids containing solid-like microstructure. Peter et al [15] showed that the spinning of solid particles immersed in base liquid has a significant effect on viscosity effectiveness This development motivated the researchers to establish novel nonlinear constitutive models for MF and, in view of suggestions by. Rana and Nawaz [21] investigated the enhancement of heat transfer in Sutterby nanoliquid by analyzing the Koo–Kleinstreuer and Li (KKL) correlations. They studied the generalized heat fluxes via Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model. Li et al [28] presented the applications of CVFEM for nanofluid heat transfer intensification by studying the KKL nano liquid model.

Physical Situation

Numerical Procedure

Results and Discussion

Conclusions