Lipid Profile Variables Research Articles

A retrospective study of lipid profile in SARS-CoV-2 infection

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic, infected millions of individuals globally. Several studies have been done on the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological parameters of SARCoV-2 disease. However, information on the association of lipid profiles with disease severity is very sparse. SAR-CoV-2 patients with dysglycemia and hypertension are shown to have a worse prognosis. Dyslipidemia is considered one of the most important cardiovascular risk factors. The association of lipid profile with disease severity is less commonly studied. Although it is a cost-effective, easily performed, and routinely done test at clinical and hospital setups, it can be an independent risk factor for assessing disease severity. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to investigate lipid profile variation in SARS-CoV-2 infections and its association with disease severity. Materials and Methods: The Institutional Ethics Committee of Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Hyderabad, approved this retrospective study before it was conducted there. A total of 400 SARS-CoV-2 patients were enrolled in this study. From March 2, 2021 to December 4, 2021. All the data regarding serum lipid profiles were extracted electronically. Results: We found that mean values of total cholesterol (TC) (98.15), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (25.11), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (38.30) compared to mild cases were significantly lower in severe cases: were significantly lower T-C (132.74), HDL-C (33.50), and LDL-C (59.25). A statistically significant difference was found between both groups in terms of TC (P < 0.001), HDL-C (P < 0.001), and LDL-C (P < 0.001). In addition, in the severe cases, triglycerides (TGs) levels showed an upward trend (256.95) and were significantly higher than in the mild cases (153.07) (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Decreased levels of TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C and increased levels of TGs were observed in severely ill Covid-19 cases. Higher TG levels immediately correlate with disease severity, and lower concentrations of TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C are reciprocally associated with it. Our study about lipid profiles helps provide a new perspective on SAR-CoV-2 infection.

Lipidome variation of industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains analyzed by LC-QTOF/MS-based untargeted lipidomics

Although various yeast strains used in the food industry have been characterized by multilayer analysis, knowledge of the variation of lipid profiles involved in fermentation characteristics and stress tolerance remains in its infancy. In this study, untargeted lipidomics was applied to 10 yeast strains, including laboratory, baker's, wine, and sake yeasts, which exhibit distinct fermentation phenotypes, to obtain a comprehensive overview of the yeast lipidome. The relative standard deviation (RSD) in the abundance of the 352 identified lipid molecular species was investigated to reveal the specific and common lipids. Lipids containing very long-chain fatty acids and hydroxy long-chain fatty acids showed relatively large RSD, whereas lipids containing acyl chains, which are commonly found in yeast, such as C16-C18, showed less RSD among the 10 strains. Furthermore, principal component analysis of lipid profiles showed similar trends among industrial yeast strains. As lipids are involved in yeast phenotypes, including stress tolerance and fermentation characteristics, correlation analysis was performed with lipid abundance and phenotypes. The results revealed that molecular species with a high RSD in abundance among the 10 strains were correlated with specific stress tolerance and fermentation phenotypes.

Analysis of Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Patients With Genetically Confirmed Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Russian North Western District Residents.

Aim To compare results of clinical, laboratory, and genetic examination of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FHC).Material and methods 112 patients aged 40.2±17.9 years (49 men) were examined. The gene of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) was analyzed and evaluated using the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) criterion of lipid score ≥6. The LDLR gene mutation was searched for using the conformational polymorphism analysis followed by sequencing of the DNA of isolated LDLR gene exons.Results Mean variables of the blood lipid profile were total cholesterol (C), 10.12±2.32 mmol/l, LDL-C, 7.72±2.3 mmol/l. Corneal arcus was observed in 15 % of patients, tendon xanthomas in 31.8 %, and xanthelasma palpebrarum in 5.3 %. The types of LDLR gene mutations included missense mutations (42.8 %), mutations causing a premature termination of protein synthesis (41.1 %), and frameshift mutations (16.1 %). In the presence of a mutation in exon 4, patients with IHD compared to patients with no IHD had significantly higher levels of total C (10.88±2.08 mmol/l vs. 8.74±1.57 mmol/l, respectively, р=0.001) and LDL-C (8.60±2.14 mmol/l vs. 6.62±1.79 mmol/l, respectively, р=0.005). Patients with IHD compared to patients with no IHD and a mutation in LDLR gene exon 9 had only a higher LDL-C level (8.96±1.53 mmol/l vs. 6.92±1.59 mmol/l, respectively, р=0.022). A differentiated comparison of IHD patients using a logistic regression depending on the identified type of LDLR gene mutation produced formulas for calculating the odds ratio of IHD and myocardial infarction (MI) with adjustments for the patient's age and baseline LDL.Conclusion The detection rate of the LDLR gene mutations was 42.8 % for missense mutations, 41.1 % for mutations causing a premature termination of protein synthesis, and 16.1 % for frameshift mutations. Blood lipid profiles did not differ between patients from different cities and with different types of LDLR gene mutations. Blood lipid profiles were different in IHD patients depending on the mutation type.

Plasma Lipid and Lipoprotein Concentrations in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

Background and aim: Variation in serum lipid profile is associated with hypertension. Abnormal lipid profile directly affects the endothelial dysfunction and significantly associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension is the pregnancy toxaemia associated key feature which is considered to be caused by vasospastic phenomena in placenta, kidney, brain, and uterus. The current study aimed to assess plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in pregnant women with hypertension (PIH). Methods: This study was conducted on 66 (36 PIH cases, 30 control cases) age matched women in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Moulvi Ameer Shah Memorial Hospital, Peshawar from October 2021 to June 2022. The criteria for preeclampsia were proteinuria, and proteinuria after pregnancy, hypertension, edema, and reversal of hypertension. Subjects' fasting venous blood samples were collected. Plasma was isolated from heparine anticoagulated blood. In a preservative bottle (500 mg/1000 mL urine) of Na2B4O7, urine was collected after 24 hours. Urine and plasma were kept at -80°C until the assay. Total cholesterol levels, HDL-C, and triglyceride were enzymatically measured. The amount of spectrophotometric and malondialdehyde was measured for plasma lipid peroxidation. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis. Results: There was a significant increase in proteinuria, mean diastolic, and systolic pressure of preeclampsia patients than the control group. Total triglyceride, malondialdehyde (MDA), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein B (apo-B) in a study group were significantly higher as compared to control. Whereas the study group had lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) than that of control group. The total cholesterol concentration, plasma protein, gestational age, apo-A, and hemoglobin had no statistical significance in both groups. Conclusion: The present study suggested that abnormal lipid metabolism, high triglycerides, specifically LDL-C and lipid peroxides, and low HDL-C concentrations, may lead to the vascular dysfunction and preeclampsia is associated with oxidative stress. There are only minor differences in lipoprotein concentrations and serum lipid between PIH women and women with uncomplicated pregnancy. Keywords: Plasma lipid, Lipoprotein concentration, Pregnancy-induced hypertension

A Study of Correlation of Adiponectin Levels in Metabolic Syndrome

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), also known as insulin resistance syndrome, is described as a cluster of cardiometabolic symptoms such as high blood pressure, elevated fasting glucose, or insulin resistance. MetS is one of the most serious public health problems being faced globally. The purpose of the current investigation was to determine its prevalence, as well as the relationship between blood adiponectin levels and the development of MetS. Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional hospital-based study was performed in the Department of General Medicine, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda Hospital, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, from January 2019–June 2020. Sixty patients attending the medicine out- or inpatient department, who confirmed consent, and fit into the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) inclusion criteria for MetS, were recruited for this study. The final sample size for this study was found to be 60, with a prevalence of 10%. This is the reason the study’s precision decreased to ±7.6%, implying that the precision of the end result may vary by ±7.6%. Results: Subjects without MetS were on average younger, had a lower BMI, and had a smaller waist circumference than those who had MetS, according to the findings. They also had lower blood pressure, pulse rate, and fasting plasma glucose levels than the people with MetS, and there were statistically significant variations in lipid profiles between those with and without MetS. In people who did not have MetS, the mean serum adiponectin concentration was 15.79±2.90 mg/mL, whereas the mean serum adiponectin concentration in people who did have MetS was 11.02±2.63 mg/mL (p<0.001). The levels of adiponectin were compared with the different components of MetS as defined by the IDF. The mean adiponectin concentrations in connection to the clinical characteristics of MetS are shown in Table 1 . The authors discovered that lower adiponectin levels were statistically significantly linked with the majority of the characteristics. In a multivariate analysis, the serum adiponectin content was found to be significantly inversely associated to systolic blood pressure (r=-0.262; p<0.050), BMI (r=-0.288; p<0.050), total cholesterol (r=-0.515; p<0.001), and low-density lipoprotein (r=-0.305; p<0.050) in the study participants. Conclusion: In conclusion, the present results suggest that circulating levels of adiponectin are reduced in the presence of MetS.

Variations in Lipid Profile During Critical Illness

Objective: To determine to mean change in levels of Triglycerides (TG), Total cholesterol (TC), High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) in critically ill patients at admission,18 hours and 42 hours after admission.
 Study Design: Cross-sectional study
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemical Pathology & Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi (AFIP), in collaboration with Military Hospital Rawalpindi (MH), Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi (CMH) and Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology Rawalpindi (AFIC) Pakistan, from Mar to Sep 2016.
 Methodology: A total of Fifty patients admitted to intensive care units of MH, CMH and AFIC for coronary artery disease(CAD), sepsis, burns and cancer were included in the study. Patients on lipid-lowering drugs and post-surgery patients were excluded.TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and TG were analysed on ADVIA 1800 (SIEMENS, Germany).
 Results: Fifty patients were included with mean age of 48.12±2.26 years. Parametric analyses revealed significant increase in serum TG levels during hospitalization in critically ill patients in various disease groups (Mean±SD at admission, 18 hours and 42 hours): TG (CNS disorders 1.35±0.18, 1.78±0.24 and 1.22±0.17; CVS 1.92±0.21, 2.15±0.28 ,2.32 ±0.20; sepsis 1.55±0.18,1.38+0.24,1.54+0.17; malignancies 1.24±0.31, 1.28+0.42,1.35+0.30; renal disorders 1.39+0.35,1.82+0.47,1.08+0.33; (p<0.05). TC decreased in sepsis, CVS and cancer patients while increasing in CNS and renal disorders. HDL-C and LDL-C decreased in all diseases as an acute stress response.
 Conclusions: During critical illness, TG and LDL-C may change significantly; therefore, they should be monitored and interpreted with extreme care if requested to be performed within the course of the disease.

Variations in lipid profile of of the marine microalga Nannochloropsis salina in four different culture media

The present work envisages close monitoring of variations in lipid content and fatty acid profile of the marine microalga Nannochloropsis salina, by growing it in 4 different culture media. Pure cultures of microalga were collected from the marine hatchery complex of the ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi and cultured in four different media viz., f/2 medium (Guillard, 1975), Miquel’s medium (Miquel, 1892), Walne’s medium (Walne, 1974) and Chu#10 medium (Chu et al., 1942). Standard algal culture conditions viz, salinity 33 ppt, pH 8.0, culture room temperature of 25ºC, light intensity of 1500 lux with a photoperiod of 12 h and Light:Dark cycle of 12 h were maintained. Lipids extracted were subjected to gas chromatography to ascertain their fatty acid profile. Both Miquel’s and f/2 media produced the maximum amount of lipid content (40.2 and 40% respectively). Total saturated fatty acids ranged from 39.17% (Miquel’s medium) to 84.45% (Chu#10). For monounsaturated fatty acids, the highest value was obtained for Miquel’s medium (42.79%) and minimum for Chu#10 (10.55%). Polyunsaturated fatty acids accounted for over 23.50% of the total fatty acids in Walne’s medium followed by Miquel’s (18.04%), f/2(12.76%) and Chu#10(5.00%) media. One way analysis of variance of the data brought to light that the medium composition can influence the fatty acid pattern of microalgae significantly. Keywords: Fish culture, Live feed, Micronutrients, Omega-3, Omega-6

Lipidic profiles of patients starting peritoneal dialysis suggest an increased cardiovascular risk beyond classical dyslipidemia biomarkers

Patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and an atherogenic lipid profile generated by exposure to high glucose dialysis solutions. In the general population, the reduction of classic lipids biomarkers is associated with improved clinical outcomes; however, the same results have not been seen in PD population, a lack of data this study aims to fulfill. Single-center prospective observational study of a cohort of CKD patients who started renal replacement therapy with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The differences in the lipid profile and analytical variables before and 6 months after the start of peritoneal dialysis were analyzed. Samples were analyzed on an Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography system. Thirty-nine patients were enrolled in this study. Their mean age was 57.9 ± 16.3 years. A total of 157 endogenous lipid species of 11 lipid subclasses were identified. There were significant increases in total free fatty acids (p < 0.05), diacylglycerides (p < 0.01), triacylglycerides, (p < 0.01), phosphatidylcholines (p < 0.01), phosphatidylethanolamines (p < 0.01), ceramides (p < 0.01), sphingomyelins (p < 0.01), and cholesterol esters (p < 0.01) from baseline to 6 months. However, there were no differences in the classical lipid markers, neither lysophosphatidylcholines, monoacylglycerides, and sphingosine levels. 6 months after the start of the technique, PD patients present changes in the lipidomic profile beyond the classic markers of dyslipidemia.

Seasonal Variations in the Lipid Profile of the Ovarian Follicle in Italian Mediterranean Buffaloes.

Simple SummaryReproductive seasonality is a major factor affecting buffalo breeding. The rationale of this work derives from the hypothesis that the reduced cleavage and blastocyst rates observed during the non-breeding season could be due to a suboptimal follicular environment. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of season on the lipid profile of the ovarian follicle in the Italian Mediterranean buffalo. For this purpose, abattoir-derived ovaries were collected during the breeding and non-breeding seasons, and the apolar phase of follicular components was analyzed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of seasonal variations in lipid content of the buffalo ovarian follicle, including follicular fluid, follicular and cumulus cells, and oocytes. The results undoubtedly demonstrated significant seasonal variations in the lipid profile, including triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids, in the different biological matrices analyzed. Interestingly, an increased amount in the total level of non-esterified fatty acids in the follicular fluid was also observed during the non-breeding season. The results allow a better understanding of the physiology of the ovarian follicle in buffalo and unveil some causes of reduced oocyte competence during the non-reproductive season, laying the groundwork for further studies and corrective strategies.The reduced oocyte competence recorded during the non-breading season (NBS) is one of the key factors affecting the profitability of buffalo farming and limits the IVEP efficiency. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate whether season influences the lipid content within the ovarian follicle in the Italian Mediterranean buffalo. Abattoir-derived ovaries were collected during the breeding season (BS) and the NBS, and different matrices (follicular fluid, oocytes, cumulus and follicular cells) were recovered. After the extraction of the apolar fraction, all samples were analyzed by H1 nuclear magnetic resonance and FF samples by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Seasonal differences in lipid composition were observed in all matrices. In particular, during the NBS, the triglyceride content was higher in the follicular fluid and in the oocytes but reduced in the follicular cells. Both cholesterol and phospholipids were reduced in the follicular fluid and follicular cells during the NBS. Furthermore, the total amount of non-esterified fatty acids was significantly increased in the follicular fluid. The seasonal variation in lipid profile of the follicle may, in part, account for the reduced buffalo oocyte competence during the NBS, due to the critical role played by lipids in regulating ovarian functions.

Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Elaeocarpus Tectorius (Lour.) Poir. Leaves in Streptozotocin- Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Rats

The prevalence of diabetes is growing at an alarming rate on a global scale with approximately 536.6 million people having diabetes in 2021. Medicinal plants are gaining recognition in the treatment of diabetes owing to their safety, ability and low cost. Elaeocarpus tectorius (Lour.) Poir. is one of the least explored plants belonging to the genus Elaeocarpus. With this context, the current study was aimed to explore the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effect of ethanolic extract of E. tectorius leaves in diabetes-induced rats. Phytochemical screening was performed and the oral acute toxicity of the plant extract was explored. Experimental diabetes was induced using streptozotocin and nicotinamide. The experimental animals were orally treated with ethanolic leaf extract of E. tectorius at doses 200 mg/kg b.w. and 400 mg/kg b.w. for 28 days after which body weight, fasting blood glucose levels, markers of serum lipid profile and histological variations in the pancreas were ascertained. Oral treatment of E. tectorius leaf extract daily for 28 days has significantly brought down (p&lt;0.05) the fasting glucose levels in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats and normalized the levels of serum lipid profile markers. The histological investigation revealed that the extract has caused significant restoration of pancreatic islet cells, and it was found that the dose of 400 mg/kg b.w. was more efficient and successful in treating hyperglycemia and circumventing related complications than 200 mg/kg b.w. The present study suggests that the leaf extract of E. tectorius possesses good antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activity and can be a useful and cheap alternative to treat diabetes.

The Role of Ethnic Disparities in the Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Bariatric surgery is increasingly performed over the past decade for the treatment of morbid obesity. It has beneficial effects on weight reduction, along with diabetes remission. Conflicting results have been reported to evaluate the effect of ethics differences on the outcomes of bariatric surgery. We conducted this meta-analysis to outline the effects of ethnic differences on the outcomes of bariatric surgery, including weight reduction, biochemical variables, diabetes, and hypertension remission. A comprehensive literature search was conducted, using PubMed, Web of Science (ISI), Google Scholar, Popline, Global Health Library (GHL), Virtual Health Library (VHL) including Cochrane database, New York Academy of Medicine (NYAM), and System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe (SIGLE) for studies reporting body mass index (BMI), percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL), waist circumference, hypertension, lipid profile, and diabetes variables. We used the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) tool (Bethesda, MD: NHLBI, National Institutes of Health {NIH}) for quality assessment. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2 software (Englewood, NJ: Biostat, Inc.) was applied to perform the meta-analysis of the variables of interest. We included 23 studies of 71,679 subjects, who underwent bariatric surgery. The majority of the included cases were Whites 55,030 (77%), while 705 (1%) were Asians. The percentages of Blacks, African Americans, Hispanics, and Non-Hispanics were 9.3%, 1.3%, 10.4%, and 1%, respectively. BMI showed no significant difference between Whites vs African American and Hispanic vs Non-Hispanic groups (MD: 0.858; 95% CI: 3.408-1.691; p = 0.509 and MD: 0.455; 95% CI: 2.444-1.554; p = 0.663, respectively). The same result was reported for %EWL, comparing Whites vs African Americans. Lipid biochemical variables, diabetes remission, and hypertension control were significantly more seen among the Asian population. In conclusion, we reported a significant ethnic diversity and reduction in waist circumference, hyperlipidemia, and the associated morbidity one year after bariatric surgery in the Asian population. Further, high-quality prospective studies should focus on the social and psychological ethnic differences associated with obesity.

MO668: An Increase of Free Fatty Acids on Patients Starting Peritoneal Dialysis Suggests an Increased Cardiovascular Risk Beyond Classical Dyslipidemia Biomarkers

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic kidney disease (CKD) produces profound changes in lipid metabolism, and these associated lipid disorders, in turn, contribute to the progression of CKD and its cardiovascular complications. Patients on peritoneal dialysis have a more atherogenic lipid profile than non-dialysis-dependent CKD patients or on HD. In the general population, the reduction of total cholesterol and LDL levels is associated with improved clinical outcomes in terms of morbidity and mortality; however, several studies have failed to obtain these same results in patients on dialysis. The use of lipidomics to detect a broader panel of lipid species can improve the prediction of the different alterations that influence cardiovascular mortality. METHOD This is a single-center prospective observational study of a cohort of CKD patients who start renal replacement therapy with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Data from 39 patients were examined. All samples for routine laboratories and lipidomics studies were obtained the day before starting CAPD (T0) and 6 months after (T1). Samples were analysed on an Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography system. The differences in the lipid profile analytical variables between baseline and 6 months after the start of CAPD were analysed. For the lipidomic analysis, each compound was grouped with its possible adducts and compound class based on the International Lipid Classification. RESULTS Thirty-nine patients were enrolled the study. Their mean age was 57.9 ± 16.3 years. The underlying renal diseases were glomerular disease (15 patients), diabetic kidney disease (10), congenital kidney disease (4), hypertensive kidney disease (2), interstitial nephropathy (2) and others (6). Hypertension was present in 96.3% of the patients, diabetes mellitus in 30.8% and 30 of the 39 patients had dyslipidemia (76.9%). Of the group of patients with dyslipidemia, only one of them was not on statin treatment. Table 1 shows the results of the analytical variables of lipid profile, serum glucose and renal function before and 6 months after initiating CAPD. The levels of CT and LDL were lower 6 months after CAPD initiation, but these were not statistically significant. Using the plasma lipid profile, with a mass spectrometry approach, a significant increase (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in total free fatty acids (FFA) was observed from T0 to T1. FFA (16:1) and FFA (18:0) were the FFAs with the highest peak response (Fig. 1). CONCLUSION Our LC-QTOF/MS-based lipidomics approach to study the effect of starting renal replacement therapy with CAPD in patients with CKD shows that total FFAs increased after 6 months on this technique. Within this group of lipids, FA 16:1 (palmitoleic acid) and FA 18:0 (stearic acid) were the ones that increased the most. An earlier study demonstrated that FFA levels are increased in the plasma of CKD patients; moreover, they have reported that higher levels of saturated fatty acids in serum correlate with sudden cardiac death in patients starting HD. Likewise, monounsaturated fatty acids are the products of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) catalyzed reactions and act as substrates to synthesize phospholipids and triglycerides. The activity of SCD is very high in patients with cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes.

A study of lipid profile in young smokers and non-smokers

Background: A prospective study was carried out to find the variations in lipid profile in smokers when compared to non-smokers. The aim was to study the alterations in lipid profile in terms of severity of smoking. Methods: This study was carried out among 198 patients who attended medicine OPD of LLR hospital GSVM medical college Kanpur. The population was divided into 98 non-smokers and 100 smokers. The smokers were further divided into 3 groups depending on the intensity of smoking.Results: Out of 100 patients in the present study the number of subjects in mild, moderate and high smokers’ group were 33 (33%), 33 (33%), 34 (34%) respectively. Smokers had higher total cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, serum low density lipoprotein (LDL), serum very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and lower levels of serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) compared to non-smokers which was statistically significant.Conclusions: Increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL were found in smokers of all age groups. Whereas HDL values showed inverse relationship. These changes were directly proportional to the severity of smoking. So, Tobacco smoking is associated with dyslipidemia which is atherogenic in nature.

LPL, FNDC5 and PPAR\u03b3 gene polymorphisms related to body composition parameters and lipid metabolic profile in adolescents from Southern Italy

BackgroundPlasma lipid profile and anthropometric variables are known to be under strong genetic control and the identification of genetic variants associated with bioclinical parameters is of considerable public health importance. In this study, a young cohort of healthy individuals was genotyped for genes related to health and pathological conditions, to analyze the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with different bioclinical parameters, adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and physical activity, studying the role of lifestyle and body composition parameters on biochemical metabolic profile.MethodsAssociation analysis of single variants in the genes of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fibronectin type III domain containing protein 5 (FNDC5), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and haplotype analyses were performed.ResultsMultiple (n = 14) common variants in the three genes demonstrated a significant effect on plasma lipoprotein-lipid levels and/or on biochemical parameters in our sample. Specifically, SNPs were related to lipid metabolism (rs3866471, rs4922115, rs11570892, rs248, rs316, rs1059507, rs1801282) or glycemic profile (rs3208305) or anthropometric parameters (rs3480, rs726344, rs1570569) for a total of 26 significant associations (P < 0.01 and/or P < 0.05) and two haplotypes, for the first time, were strongly associated with lipid and body composition parameters. Interestingly, we identified twenty-four new variants not previously described in the literature and a novel significant association between rs80143795 and body composition.ConclusionsIn this study we confirm the association between these SNPs on lipid metabolism and body parameters also in a young cohort, indicating the important role of these genetic factors as determinants of health.

Lipid profile variations in high olecic acid peanuts by following different cooking processes

High oleic acid (OA) peanut seed (PS), contains a higher ratio of oleic acid (C18:1) compared to general PS, which is favored by consumers due to its health benefits. However, comprehensive lipid metabolite profiles of high-OA PS, once they have been processed via domestic cooking methods, have never been produced. To establish a scientific guide for the selection of the most appropriate processing method for high-OA PS, lipidomics was performed to identify 706 lipid metabolites in high-OA PS following boiling, baking and frying, between the three groups, 75, 175 and 242 lipid metabolites were differentially expressed respectively. Additionally, 46 glycerolipids with C18:1 molecular were observed in the lipid profiles of the treatment groups compared to the raw sample. Further evaluation of seven lipid peroxides and six antioxidant status of each testing group suggested that boiled PS retained the highest levels of lipids and antioxidant activity. Following these findings, boiling appears to be an appropriate processing method when attempting to conserve the beneficial substances found in the PS. Finally, the levels of major free fatty acids present in high-OA PS, were jointly quantified by conventional methods (GC-MS) and lipidomic analysis. FA/C16:0 levels were similar, FA/C18:0, FA/C18:1 displayed opposite results, FA/C18:2 levels increased following frying and FA/C18:3 levels were down regulated once the PS was boiled. This indicates that GC-MS is a potential method of validation for the results of lipidomic analysis. Conclusively, this in depth understanding of lipid content in relation to domestic cooking methods has provided a foundation for the processing of high-OA peanut products.

The Association of Postprandial Triglyceride Variability with Renal Dysfunction and Microalbuminuria in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus: A Retrospective and Observational Study.

Objective We examined whether or not day-to-day variations in lipid profiles, especially triglyceride (TG) variability, were associated with the exacerbation of diabetic kidney disease. Methods We conducted a retrospective and observational study. First, 527 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) who had had their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) checked every 6 months since 2012 for over 5 years were registered. Variability in postprandial TG was determined using the standard deviation (SD), SD adjusted (Adj-SD) for the number of measurements, and maximum minus minimum difference (MMD) during the first three years of follow-up. The endpoint was a ≥40% decline from baseline in the eGFR, initiation of dialysis or death. Next, 181 patients who had no micro- or macroalbuminuria in February 2013 were selected from among the 527 patients for an analysis. The endpoint was the incidence of microalbuminuria, initiation of dialysis, or death. Results Among the 527 participants, 110 reached a ≥40% decline from baseline in the eGFR or death. The renal survival was lower in the higher-SD, higher-Adj-SD, and higher-MMD groups than in the lower-SD, lower-Adj-SD, and lower-MMD groups, respectively (log-rank test p = 0.0073, 0.0059, and 0.0195, respectively). A lower SD, lower Adj-SD, and lower MMD were significantly associated with the renal survival in the adjusted model (hazard ratio, 1.62, 1.66, 1.59; 95% confidence intervals, 1.05-2.53, 1.08-2.58, 1.04-2.47, respectively). Next, among 181 participants, 108 developed microalbuminuria or death. The nonincidence of microalbuminuria was lower in the higher-SD, higher-Adj-SD, and higher-MMD groups than in the lower-SD, lower-Adj-SD, and lower-MMD groups, respectively (log-rank test p = 0.0241, 0.0352, and 0.0474, respectively). Conclusions Postprandial TG variability is a novel risk factor for eGFR decline and the incidence of microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 DM.

Association between Lipid Profile and Glycemic Status in Iraqi patients with Acromegaly Receiving Depot Long-Acting Octreotide

Background: Treatment modalities of acromegaly and disease control impact differently on glucose homeostasis and lipid changes, and consequently on cardiometabolic risk. Aim: To investigate the possible association of lipid profile changes with the glycemic control status in acromegaly patients treated with octreotide LAR. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 52 Iraqi patients with acromegaly treated with octreotide LAR and not using statins. Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were collected, as well as the duration of Octreotide LAR administration. The glycemic state was assessed and classified as DM, prediabetes, or normal. Plasma levels of triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and non-HDL were evaluated using standard methods. Results: Most of the participants presented with low levels of triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol. The lipid profile variables were not significantly correlated with the glycemic control status after treatment with octreotide LAR. Conclusion: Lipid profile parameters were not associated with the different glycemic control status of acromegaly patients treated with octreotide LAR.

Nurses- Led Interventions: Effect of Alkaline-Based Diet on Blood Pressure, Lipid Profile and Weight among Patients with Hypertension

Nurses are qualified to provide effective nursing interventions in management of hypertensive patients and lower risk of cardiovascular disease; nurses-led interventions for hypertensive patients are measuring and monitoring blood pressure (BP); educate patients about importance of performing physical exercises, and select healthy diet as alkaline based diet. Eating more alkaline diet has many advantages as lowering blood pressure, lipid profile as cholesterol so improving cardiovascular health, moreover reducing body weight. The aim of the study: to examine the effect nurses- led interventions as intake alkaline-based diet on blood pressure, lipid profile and weight among patients with hypertension. Design: Quasi Experimental design. Setting: Medical outpatient clinic of Menoufia University Hospital, Egypt. Subject: Purposive samples of 100 hypertensive patients, they fulfill the inclusion criteria, 50 patients in each group (study and control). Tools: Three tools used to collect the current data; as follows: The tool (I): Interview questionnaire; Tool (II): Questionnaire for Alkaline – Based Diet. Tool (III): Physiological measurement. Results: the present results documented that; a highly significant difference was found between the two groups post intervention in relation to knowledge levels; blood pressure of the study group was lower than those of the control group after following the alkaline diet and water; also highly statistically significant differences were found between study and control groups at all measurements during post intervention in weight and all lipid profile variables except at the 3rd measurement. Conclusion: consumption of alkaline diet and water had a good effect in reducing arterial blood pressure, body weight and blood lipids. Recommendation: replicate the study on large sample and establishing periodical alkaline diet programs with planned meals for hypertension, overweight and high blood lipids patients with continuous follow up.

Grape Lipidomics: An Extensive Profiling thorough UHPLC-MS/MS Method.

Lipids play many essential roles in living organisms, which accounts for the great diversity of these amphiphilic molecules within the individual lipid classes, while their composition depends on intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Recent developments in mass spectrometric methods have significantly contributed to the widespread application of the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approach to the analysis of plant lipids. However, only a few investigators have studied the extensive composition of grape lipids. The present work describes the development of an ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method that includes 8098 MRM; the method has been validated using a reference sample of grapes at maturity with a successful analysis and semi-quantification of 412 compounds. The aforementioned method was subsequently applied also to the analysis of the lipid profile variation during the Ribolla Gialla cv. grape maturation process. The partial least squares (PLS) regression model fitted to our experimental data showed that a higher proportion of certain glycerophospholipids (i.e., glycerophosphoethanolamines, PE and glycerophosphoglycerols, PG) and of some hydrolysates from those groups (i.e., lyso-glycerophosphocholines, LPC and lyso-glycerophosphoethanolamines, LPE) can be positively associated with the increasing °Brix rate, while a negative association was found for ceramides (CER) and galactolipids digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDG). The validated method has proven to be robust and informative for profiling grape lipids, with the possibility of application to other studies and matrices.

Effect of blood lipid variability on mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: a large single-center cohort study

BackgroundDyslipidemia is a major cardiovascular risk factor and common in diabetes patients. Most guidelines focus on optimal lipid levels, while variation of lipid profiles is far less discussed. This study aims to investigate the association of visit-to-visit variability in blood lipids with all-cause, cardiovascular, and non-cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe identified 10,583 type 2 diabetes patients aged ≥ 30 years with follow-up ≥ 3 years and who participated in the Diabetes Care Management Program at a medical center in Taiwan. Variability in lipid profiles within 3 years after entry was calculated using coefficient of variation. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate lipid variability in relation to subsequent mortality.ResultsOver a mean follow-up of 6.4 years, 1838 all-cause deaths (809 cardiovascular deaths) were observed. For each 10% increase in variability in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of all-cause mortality were 1.30 (1.22–1.37), 1.05 (1.01–1.09), and 1.10 (1.03–1.16), respectively; those of cardiovascular mortality were 1.27 (1.16–1.39), 1.08 (1.02–1.15), and 1.16 (1.07–1.27), respectively. Each 10% increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol variability conveyed 31% greater risk of non-cardiovascular mortality. High variability in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased all-cause mortality in subgroups of nonsmoking, regular exercising, non-dyslipidemia, and more severe status of diabetes at baseline.ConclusionsBlood lipid variability except for triglyceride variability was associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.