Language Variation Research Articles

KEPOLISEMIAN BAHASA DAERAH TOLAKI DI KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN

This research inspired by the emergence of language variations in the Tolaki community as speakers of Tolaki language. Tolaki people themselves distinguish between three types of Tolaki language, namely tulura anakia (language of the aristocratic class), tulura lolo (language of the middle class), and tulura ata (language of the slave class). The emergence of these language variations can cause ambiguity in meaning. This research was conducted because the researcher saw that there are several forms of words which if pronounced the same but have different meanings if they are arranged as a sentence, but basically the same word still has a relationship. This study aims to determine the form of polysemy in the Tolaki language. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection techniques used in this research are the listening and speaking techniques, note-taking techniques, recording techniques and introspection techniques. The results of this study indicate that in the Tolaki regional language there are two forms of polysemy, namely polysemy in the form of root words and polysemy in the form of complex words or derivatives.

Language variation in minority online newspapers: The example of the “Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung” in Kazakhstan

This article discusses the online edition of the “Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung” (DAZ, German General Newspaper), an exceptional media product in Kazakhstan. This medium was chosen mainly for its very complex linguistic and cultural configuration. The linguistic forms are German, while the discourse and text traditions suggest a Russian influence due to the long hegemony of Russian as the language of culture and education in Kazakhstan. Additionally, the current sociocultural frame of reference is of genuine Kazakh origin.The central aim of this evidence-based media linguistic analysis was to describe the unique features in the language of this online medium, i.e. the multilingual aspects of language variation and aspects related to language and cultural contact.The methodology is based on a linguistic concept of saliency and used interrater reliability in the linguistic assessment. The study showed that the online version and the print version differ not only on a technical level, but also in their journalistic and linguistic design. The digital version is marked by livelier, more idiomatic, and more colorful texts than the print version. These differences can likely not just be attributed to the greater range of options provided by the new medium, but possibly also to the larger share of contributions by authors from Germany in the online version compared to the print version. In the written practices examined in this article it could be shown that authors from Kazakhstan generally used ‘multiliteracy’ form that also generated emergent forms.

Morningness and Eveningness Questionnaire in Telugu (MEQ-T)

A circadian cycle is an endogenous, healthy process that regulates the cycle of sleep and waking. A sleep cycle disturbance could cause a number of different health problems. Depending on their morning and evening characters, people vary. By administering the trans-adapted morningness and eveningness questionnaires, the purpose of the present was to assess the various personality types. The study included a total of 300 participants, who were aged from 20 to 35 years. All participants were asked to read the questions carefully and mark the appropriate responses. Reliability tests, intraclass, interitem correlation, and an ANOVA with a post hoc test were all used to statistically analyze the data that was obtained. A Cronbach alpha (α =0.94) was found in the results, indicating very good correlation between the items. The results of an ANOVA and a post hoc analyses indicated that there is a highly significant difference between morning and evening types. Finally, the author concluded that using the morningness and eveningness questionnaire in Telugu is highly reliable. Further investigation of language variations and gender is required.

Leveraging feature-level fusion representations and attentional bidirectional RNN-CNN deep models for Arabic affect analysis on Twitter

Arabic affect analysis on Twitter avidly helps to capture the emotional states of individuals being expressed regarding many targets, such as world-level events, products, and services. It is the key to monitoring and advancing human intelligence, which impacts human decision-making processes efficiently. However, state-of-the-art models have not witnessed serious developments yet since they have just achieved an accuracy of around 54%. This inaccuracy is mainly due to the agglutination, dialectal variation, and morphological richness of the Arabic language, as well as the unique features of tweets, such as shortness, noisiness, and informal language. This paper presents an approach that tackles these challenges and then improves the performance of Arabic affect analysis on Twitter. First, we propose a novel feature-based fusion representation for Arabic tweets to capture the polysemy, semantic/syntactic information, and conveyed emotional knowledge; and to deal with Out-Of-Vocabulary (OOV) words. Second, we propose an attentional deep learning model based on Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU), Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM), and Convolution Neural Network (CNN) to effectively learn local and global features and provide a multilabel emotional classification. The experimental results indicate that our proposal outperforms twelve state-of-the-art and baseline methods with a significant improvement of 6% in accuracy.

Exploring Sociolects in Audiovisual Texts. A New Concept?

This article is based on a consideration of the audiovisual text as a system in which different signifying codes converge, giving it a multimodal nature. Studies on the nature of the audiovisual text have addressed a multitude of aspects to date, although there are still concepts to be explained within the audiovisual paradigm. One such aspect has to do with varieties of language, specifically with the notion of sociolect. After a review of the literature, fragments of television sitcoms will be analysed to observe the possible audiovisual nature of the given sociolect. Specifically, it will be illustrated how language levels, slang, and scientific-technical language deal with audiovisual humour. The idea will be fostered that in this type of text, sociolects go beyond the linguistic scope and connect with the aural and visual dimensions. Accordingly, phenomena such as humour can be constructed thanks to elements that surpass a purely linguistic conception of sociolects.
 Keywords: Audiovisual translation, Signifying codes, Language variation, Sociolects

TINDAK TUTUR DAN VARIASI BAHASA DALAM FILM WADJDA SEBUAH ANALISIS SOSIOPRAGMATIK

The objectives of this research are; (1) To find out the directive speech acts used in the Wadjda film; (2) To find out the atmosphere of use, the means of use, who the speakers/users are, the field of use, and the area of ​​use as language variations related to the stigma of Arab ethnicity in the Wadjda film. This research is qualitative research, the research design is in the form of a literature study, the data collection technique is a free-talk-free listening technique, the research instrument uses data cards and data recapitulation sheets, while the data analysis method uses an informal presentation method. In this study, 237 directive speech act data were found which were divided into 55 forms of order; 86 forms of rule; 11 forms of ruling in negation form; 44 forms of advising; 19 forms of pleading; and 22 forms of recommending. The language variation that is highlighted in this study is the variation in terms of female speakers because this film is set in the social background of women's lives in Saudi Arabia. 
 

Legal Protection for Disabilities Persons with Language Limitations in Law Enforcement

The State of Indonesia has protected people with disability through several regulations. Unfortunately, there is a huge gap in this implementation. Many people with disabilities are discriminated in several aspects, one of which is in legal cases. When they require assistance during an inquiry, an investigation, or even a trial, people with disabilities who have language impairments nevertheless find it to be difficult. This study uses a sociolegal approach with a focus on discussing legal protection for disabled persons with language limitations, consist of: existing regulations on disability protection; disability cases on the court decision; handling of legal cases; constraints of parties in legal cases experienced; and the effect of limitations on sign language and knowledge of the law. Our finding is that people with hearing impairment, in legal cases, cannot fulfill their rights to assistance from sign language interpreters. This is due to the fact that various stakeholders still do not comprehend the needs of people with hearing impairment. The efficiency of the law enforcement process for people with disabilities is hampered by regional variations in sign language, the existence of informal/nonformal sign language, and the restricted capabilities of law enforcement.

Bridging the Gaps between Knowledge and Needs: Sociolinguistics Materials Based on Project-Based Learning

Sociolinguistics can help people better understand the use of English in specific social environments. Still, there have been limited studies on the crucial aspects of teaching and learning Sociolinguistics to gain optimum learning outcomes. This present research aims to analyse models of EFL Sociolinguistics materials based on project-based learning required by students and lecturers. A quantitative method was applied in this study, employing a questionnaire and structured interview to collect data from 57 students and three instructors of the English Education Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram. The results revealed that students and lectures required teaching materials with clear objectives embodied in 11 topics, from Language Variations to Language and Ideology completed with evaluations after each topic, exercises for individuals or groups, and project-based learning, which can be employed in teaching EFL Sociolinguistics. Therefore, designing a model of teaching materials for EFL Sociolinguistics based on Project-based learning is necessary to load these findings. The findings of this study are useful for educators and stakeholders who want to design EFL Sociolinguistics teaching materials. This study has the potential to bridge the gap by providing knowledge about the needs of students and educators as well as recommendations for follow-up in designing EFL Sociolinguistics teaching materials.

Variasi bahasa pada mahasiswi rantau Asal Boyolali Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Universitas Brawijaya

Language variations can occur not only due to speakers of various languages, but also caused by diverse social interactions and covers a very wide environment. Universitas Brawijaya is one of the universities located in the city of Malang that has students with various cultural backgrounds. This study aims to examine what are the forms of language variations that occur in overseas students from Boyolali, Department of Indonesian Language and Literature Education, Universitas Brawijaya in the process of social interaction. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with case study analysis on a sample. The sample in this study is Syaharani Savia who is an overseas student of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Universitas Brawijaya who comes from Boyolali. The results of this study are that there are several language variations that occur in the object of research, including Javanese dialect of Surakarta, Javanese dialect of Malang, English, slang, and Indonesian. The factor of the occurrence of language variations in the object of research is caused by the difference in the use of dialects in the Universitas Brawijaya environment with the environment of origin of the object of research and the situation of kinship between speakers. Keywords: sociolinguistics, language variation, nomadic students

Variation and change in the sociophonetic variable ing in format ties

Abstract Format ties, “partial repetitions of prior talk” (Goodwin & Goodwin 1987, p. 207), are interesting from an interactional perspective with respect to their functions relating to, for example, (dis-) agreement/alignment or humour, and for scholars of Language Variation and Change because they offer uniquely comparable phonological contexts in naturalistic speech. The present paper investigates the distribution of the sociolinguistic variable ing in format ties in a set of dyadic interviews of six speakers from the North-East of England who were recorded two or three times throughout their twenties – those career-building years during which we often see a change from the predominant use of the alveolar variant (“in’”) to the velar (“ing”). The analysis offers possible interactional and stylistic explanations for the community-level stability and the speaker-level variation and change of ing by focusing on contexts in which speakers format tie. It shows that the use of the highly frequent and thus less marked alveolar variant tends to occur in aligning contexts, while the few velar cases occur in moments where speakers disalign on some level. This argument contributes to work combining interactional and variationist endeavours, in particular with respect to the variable ing.

What is a language error?

Why are we so afraid of making mistakes? Students in language classes, speakers of non-standard varieties, professionals working abroad – we all share the anxiety of dropping the ball. But where does this anxiety come from? Why do we perceive certain linguistic features as errors in the first place? Is there any inherent faultiness in such features, or is a language error arbitrary? And if it is arbitrary, are errors less real? In this discussion, Maria Khachaturyan, Maria Kuteeva and Svetlana Vetchinnikova zoom in on the social life of variation in language and its uneasy relationship with our normative ideas. After that, Gunnar Norrman and Dmitri Leontjev give their comments. The discussion closes with replies by the first three authors.

Tourism language accommodation of Ubud-Bali: the virtual landscape linguistics (VLL) through google street view

This study reveals how Virtual Landscape Linguistics (VLL) in Ubud-Bali can describe the community’s attitude when facing the global tourism industry. Data in shop signboards, information boards, and building names were collected using documentation techniques through the Google Street View application (update 2019–2021) along Raya Ubud Street, Bali, Indonesia. The selected data represents the categories of language variation and monolingual-multilingual signs. The findings show that English is used in most commercial signage, both monolingual and multilingual outdoor signs. On the other hand, the local language is seen on monolingual and multilingual outdoor signs in traditional restaurants, information boards, and vernacular building names. Through the display of English signage, tourists worldwide can see that Ubud has provided complete accommodation needs for foreign tourists. In addition, tourists can also see that the use of local languages ​​such as Indonesian and Balinese on commercial signage and vernacular buildings shows the authentic value and culture of the local community as a tourist attraction. This study shows that VLL in the context of tourism has two functions. First, VLL helps travelers plan and organize their vacations better. Second, VLL allows stakeholders to promote their tourist areas virtually without neglecting their natural appearance.

The Comparison Between Kerinci Siulak and Kerinci Rawang Dialect

The Kerinci dialect has various variations in almost every region. These dialects also have differences, both at the phonological and lexical levels between dialects. However, speakers and interlocutors understand each other when speaking in their respective dialects so that it does not prevent the Kerinci people from communicating with each other. The purpose of the research was to describe the differences in language variation between the Kerinci Siulak dialect and the Kerinci Rawang dialect. This research uses Jeff Siegel's theory of language and dialect variations. In reviewing the data of this study using qualitative methods, while data collection used interview methods with recording techniques. This research was conducted in Hamparan Rawang Village and in Siulak Village, Kerinci Regency with 5 informants. The results showed that based on the available data, in the Kerinci language, the Siulak dialect and the Rawang dialect, there are sounds which are phonemes that can be grouped into three groups, namely vowels, diphthongs, and consonants. The Siulak and Rawang dialects have 23 sounds, with 5 vowels, 10 consonants, and 8 diphthongs. The correspondence phonemes of the two dialects are 35 which are at the initial, middle and final syllable caused by geographical, sociocultural and social status factors.

Variation in Negation Patterns of Verbless Clauses in Ammani Arabic

This study aims to examine the extent to which the alternation between the common negation patterns of verbless clauses in Ammani Arabic, namely [mu] and [miʃ], is socially constrained. Gender, age, level of education and region (West Amman vs. East Amman) were investigated in this regard. Twenty-five hours of audio-recorded sociolinguistic interviews with 32 speakers who were born and raised in Amman were conducted. After using computer software GOLDVARB X (Sankoff et al. 2005), we propose that the alternation between [mu] and [miʃ] is socially conditioned. The most significant social factor is gender. The variant [mu] is found to be a solid sign of femininity. The second most significant social factor is age, whose effect is correlated with the assumption that young speakers, unlike old speakers, prefer less-complex forms. Education and region were also found, yet to a lesser extent, significant. West Amman speakers prefer [miʃ] in contrast to East Amman people who prefer [mu]. Although this finding is arguably unpredicted as [mu] is the variant which is socially viewed as more prestigious (therefore it would be more preferred by wealthier West Amman dwellers), it is nonetheless consistent with the demographic situation of Amman. East Amman is mostly inhabited by Jordanians who descended from Palestinian regions of which the common negation pattern of verbless sentences manifests [mu] rather than [miʃ]. Keywords: Language Variation and Change, Verbless-Sentences Negation, Age, Gender, Education, Region, Ammani Arabic. Keywords: Language Variation and Change, Verbless-Sentences Negation, Age, Gender, Education, Region, Ammani Arabic.

The Sociolects of Antique Merchants in the Ular Market Medan

The Ular Market in Medan facilitates buying and selling of antiques, making this place often visited by antique connoisseurs. This study examines the sociolects of antique merchants in the Ular Market, Medan. Sociolect is identical to language variations that are formed due to social factors. The purpose of this study was to describe the forms of sociolects and the factors causing the creation of the language variation of the antique merchants in the Ular Market. In this study, the researcher applied a qualitative study with a descriptive approach. Results showed that sociolects of antique merchants in the Ular Market were formed in three varieties: (1) lexical variations in Medan Malay vocabulary, (2) phonological variations indicated by the clarity of vowels /a/ and /e/ and the shift of the pronunciation of vowel /?/ to vowel /e/, and (3) syntactic variations established by the Medan dialect in which the language develops in the local socio-cultural environment. Furthermore, the factors that cause the sociolects are educational factors (merchants come from mountainous areas so they do not receive high education) and socio-cultural factors (merchants stick to the strong family sense so that the duration of using their local language is longer).

In the thick of it: scope rivalry in past counterfactuals of Pomerano

This paper analyzes the morphosyntactic variation in past counterfactuals with modal verbs in Pomerano, a Low German variety spoken in Brazil. The variation concerns (i) the highest verb (temporal auxiliary or modal verb), (ii) the morphological form of the temporal auxiliary (blocking of tense and/or person agreement), (iii) the frequently unexpected position of the modal verb (verb clusters in the CP-domain), and (iv) the overall number of verbs (syntactic doubling and/or PF-insertion). Analyzing more than 6,000 translated sentences, scope rivalry between the temporal auxiliary and the modal verb proves to be the major catalyst of an intriguing instance of language variation and change. The derivation of the extant variants grants us a privileged view of the clausal architecture of Pomerano—including cases of derivational misfiring—as well as of more general processes of clause formation.

Studying children's writing development with a corpus

One of Randi Reppen's major contributions has been her pioneering corpus research into school children's writing. In this paper, I will discuss how such research can contribute to both theory and educational practice. I will then look at two sets of unresolved methodological issues in this area: the issue of defining appropriate linguistic and textual categories, and the issue of drawing valid developmental inferences. The issue of categories arises because corpus analysis depends on abstracting away from specific instances of language use in specific texts to make claims about the use of linguistic categories (e.g., noun phrases, low-frequency vocabulary) in textual categories (e.g., stories, science reports). Such abstraction enables researchers to draw out patterns of language variation that are difficult to spot by other means. But it also raises the problem of how to define categories that are reliably operationalizable, that capture consistent developmental patterns, and that are theoretically and educationally informative. The issue of drawing valid inferences stems from the fact that corpus data record the products of complex, contextually contingent writing processes, involving the interaction of many variables. Capturing the combined outcomes of these complex processes promotes ecological validity. However, it also creates challenges for researchers who want to draw conclusions about specific aspects of the writing process, such as writers’ knowledge of vocabulary or grammar, or their emerging awareness of audience. This paper will discuss these issues in detail, illustrating their impact and suggesting ways forward for educationally informative corpus research.

Penggunaan Varian Kode Bermakna Permintaan Tolong dalam Tuturan Mahasiswa Rantau Bawean di Surabaya

The use of several languages about asking for help in the form of communication, Bawean overseas students have a worrying phenomenon about the variation of the language they use. The occurrence of variations in the language they use has an influence on the use of language. This study has a problem formulation, What is the form of the variants of languange about asking for help on Bawean overseas students in Surabaya? and What factors which influence the variants of languange used by Bawean overseas students in Surabaya. The purpose of this study is to describe the variants of asking for help languages on bawean overseas student in surabaya and the factors that influence the existence the variants of language that Bawean overseas students in Surabaya use when communicating. The method that use in this study is a qualitative descriptive method with data collection by observing and taking notes. The theory used by the researcher is code mixing by (Muysken, 2000) and code switching by (Suwito, 1983). The results showed that there were 4 variations language used by Bawean overseas students in Surabaya for asking for help, namely, Bawean language, Javanese language with Surabaya's dialect, Indonesian, and English. Factors that influence the variants of languages of bawean overseas students in Surabaya in the communication asked for help are the origin area of the speech, environmental factors, and familiarity factors.

Register Kelompok Pecinta Burung Berkicau atau Kicau Mania di Kabupaten Boyolali: Kajian Sosiolinguistik

Kicau Mania is the mention of a group of songbird lovers. The existence of this group will lead to language registers for fluency in interacting within the group. The register is something that is very interesting to study in groups of songbird lovers in Boyolali because special terms often appear in communication between members of the group. The purpose of this study is to describe the form, meaning, and function of the registers for groups of songbird lovers or Kicau Mania in Boyolali district. This research is a qualitative descriptive study, the source of the data was obtained from the interaction of members of Kicau Mania and event activities in the form of speech from the Kicau Mania group in bird competitions and in bird markets. Methods of data acquisition through field observations and conducting interviews. The techniques applied are tapping, listening and speaking, recording, and taking notes. After obtaining the data, then analyze the data by identifying the data, classifying the data, processing the data and describing the results of the data analysis. This research produced several vocabulary registers, including resik (the mention of female canaries that are ready to mate), kuningan (the mention of young green cucak), kondangan (the mention of losing the competition). In addition, there are also new meanings and vocabulary such as, ngecuske (breeding birds), anggungan (mention of a type of bird that makes a soft voice and buzzes), banggelan (a reference to the term selling fast at a low price). The conclusion of this study is that several registers were found divided according to classification. forms of words and forms of noun phrases, adjectives, and verbs. Then, some meanings of each register vocabulary are obtained which are different from the registers of other language groups. Several special functions were obtained for registering Kicau Mania in Boyolali is heuristic function, informational function, imaginary function, instrumental function, personal function, and interaction function.
 Keywords: kicau mania; language variation; register

FUNGSI REGISTER PENGGEMAR BUNDA CORLA DALAM INSTAGRAM (KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK)


 
 
 
 Register is a language variation that is adapted to the context of language use. This study is a study of the function of Bunda Corla's fan register in Instagram which was studied with sociolinguistics. The research aims to find several things, namely the register function. Researchers used a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. This study uses three methods, namely the method of data collection, data analysis, and presentation of data analysis. Data collection uses a written method. Data analysis uses register analysis, which is to analyze the specific vocabulary used in a particular job or community. The method of presenting the results of data analysis is an informal method that uses words that are easy to understand. The results of the study show that the functions of the register of Bunda Corla fans in Instagram in sociolinguistic studies include: 1) emotive function, 2) conative function, 3) referential function, and 4) fatigue function.
 
 Keywords: : register, instagram, sociolinguistics