Experimental Variants Research Articles

ВЛИЯНИЕ НЕКОРНЕВЫХ ПОДКОРМОК НА АДАПТАЦИОННЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ СОРТОВ СЛИВЫ В АРИДНЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ АСТРАХАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The article discusses the effect of the foliar application of fertilisers on the leaf surface parameters of garden plum varieties grown in the arid light chestnut soils of the North Caspian Region. The research aimed to study the effect of foliar application of macro- and microfertilisers on the leaf surface parameters (leaf area, leaf area of one tree, leaf area per 1 ha) in plum varieties grown in the extremely arid conditions of Astrakhan region. The study was carried out in the experimental field of Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The field was laid out in 2014. Observations and records were performed in 2019–2021. The research used plum varieties such as Kabardinskaya Rannyaya, Ispolinskaya, Stanley and foliar fertilisers such as Master, Aquarin, Ultramag boron and Ultramag calcium. The chief production indices include leaf area, photosynthetic potential and photosynthesis net productivity. The indices have a close relationship with yield indices. The optimal leaf area is an important index of the technology and is crucial for the efficient absorption of light energy to initiate photosynthesis [1]. The effect of simultaneous application of microfertilisers Aquarin and Ultramag boron and Ultramag calcium on the plum leaf surface parameters was analysed. The research showed that varieties Kabardinskaya Rannyaya and Stanley responded most favourably to the fertiliser application. Variety Ispolinskayaya showed a high response to fertiliser Master. The experimental variant that simultaneously applied fertilisers Aquarin, Ultramag boron Ultramag calcium demonstrated the largest leaf area per 1 ha compared to the control (3433 m2 ). In terms of varieties, variety Ispolinskaya had the largest leaf area per 1 ha compared to the control (3020 m2 ).

Osmoprotective properties of sucrose against nodule bacteria inoculants for legumes

In this study, the resistance of soybean nodule bacteria B. japonicum st. 634b, A21, H9 to drying on inoculated soybean seeds of the EN Argenta variety was studied and the effectiveness of sucrose as an osmoprotector of rhizobia was determined. To assess the degree of rhizobia resistance to osmotic stress, soybean seeds were treated with an aqueous solution of the corresponding bacterial culture (control variants) or 20% sucrose solution (experimental variants). Further, the treated seeds were periodically washed with sterile water, followed by determining the number of viable cells by sowing a series of 10-fold dilutions on Petri dishes with agarized nutrient medium, followed by counting the characteristic bacterial colonies formed. Washes were performed 1,2,3,4, and 7 days after seed treatment. It was shown that among the studied strains, strain H9 is the most osmotically stable, and strain 634b is the least. Osmoprotective activity of a 20% sucrose solution was revealed against all three types of rhizobia, which was expressed in a significant slowdown in the rate of reduction of the number of viable cells on inoculated seeds over time.

Research on the geometric dimensions of fine pollutants in cotton

This article is devoted to the study of the geometric dimensions of fine pollutants in cotton and the factors affecting them. Mass and quantitative fractions of small and large pollutants were compared. As an object of cotton cleaning, it was found that cotton contained different proportions in terms of the amount of fine pollutants. Although large pollutants exhibited a higher proportion of the total contamination in terms of weight, these pollutants were verified to exhibit a negligible proportion in terms of numbers. One gram of different selections and industrial varieties of cotton was obtained, in terms of contamination and harvesting type. The pollution amount was determined similar in terms of the total quantity and magnitude. The results of mathematical and statistical processing of the obtained results indicated that the number of pollutants per gram were statistically insignificant and differed among the experimental variants, but the value of the square inequality was higher. The results demonstrated that there exists a need to conduct a wide range of experimental tests in this area to determine the impact and interrelationships among all external factors on the size of the pollutant fraction and proportions.

RESEARCH CONCERNING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI FOR CONTROLLING THE MAIZE LEAF WEEVIL (TANYMECUS DILATICOLLIS GYLL) IN THE GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS

Maize leaf weevil (Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyll) is the most dangerous pest of the maize crop in the south and southeast of Romania. Each year there were attacked one million hectares cultivated with maize were. In case of high pest pressure, weevils can destroy maize plants. After the ban on neonicotinoids, no active ingredients are available in Romania for maize seed treatments to control this pest. This study there were evaluated the effectiveness of three entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (strains BbTd, BbTy), B. pseudobassiana (BpPA), and Metarhizium anisopliae (MaF), for controlling the T. dilaticollis weevils, in the greenhouse conditions, using high pest pressure (4 weevils/plant). It has sowed maize in plastic pots. After the plant's emergence, it added insects collected from the field and it was pulverized solutions with entomopathogenic fungus at each variant. It has assessed phytotoxicity, attack incidence (%), attack intensity on a scale from 1 (plants not attacked) to 9 (plants destroyed), plant heights, and weevils mortality at eight days after infections with entomopathogenic fungi. The conditions of the high pest pressure from the greenhouse it has registered lower weevils mortality. Only in the case of M. anisopliae (MaF) and B. bassiana (BbTy) weevils was mortality higher than 10 %. At all experimental variants from the greenhouse, attack incidence was 100 %, while attack intensity ranged from 8.75 in the control variant to 7.10 in the case of M. anisopliae (MaF) fungus. In this study, there weren’t significant statistical differences between control and treated variants concerning both weevils attack intensity and mortality (p<0.05).

Sensitivity of Janthinobacterium Lividum to Low Concentrations of Hydrogen Peroxide and the Effect of Mild Oxidative Stress on Pigment Yield

In the course of assessing the sensitivity of the Janthinobacterium lividum VKM B-3515 strain to low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, it was found that at a content of 0.003% H2O2, the growth properties of the bacterium during submerged cultivation without pigmentation differed statistically insignificantly relative to the control variant at 16 hours of incubation and beyond. Whereas in the presence of peroxide at 12 hours the optical density was lower than in the control by 97%. When cultivating by the surface method, the respiration intensity did not significantly differ between the control and experimental variants. However, during the extraction of the pigment, it was found that in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, the optical density of the acetone extract significantly exceeds the control variant by 28%. It can be assumed that, at the same growth parameters of the culture, the biosynthesis of violacein is stimulated and the population can adapt to the peroxide content, and the peroxide concentration itself decreases due to the cost of catalytic reactions. Further studies of the sensitivity of J. lividum VKM B-3515 to various oxidizing agents will allow us to consider the effect of weak oxidative stress on the biosynthesis of violacein.

Сравнительная оценка зимостойкости ежевики при укрытии на зиму и обработке природно-растительным комплексом Белый Жемчуг Антифриз

The article presents data on the feasibility of using the natural organomineral phytomodulator “Beliy Zhemchug Antifreeze” (NOP BZh Antifreeze) to increase the resistance of a lowwinterhardy blackberry crop to low freezing temperatures. The objects of the study were erect and semi-erect varieties of blackberries – “Ouachita”, “Chester”, “Black Magic”, “Black Gem”, “Loch Tay”. The experiment was carried out in the Moscow region, Dmitrovsky district, in a private berry nursery. The seedlings were grown in 10-litre containers for two years. There were three variants in the experiment: 1) spunbond with a density of 90 g / m2 was used as a winter shelter together with the application of the phytomodulator NOC BZh Antifreeze for protection against low-temperature stress; 2) treatment of plants with NOP BZh Antifreeze without winter shelter; 3) control plants were without shelter and without treatment. Comparing the samples using the Mann-Whitney test confirmed the hypothesis of reliable differences between the experimental variants. With the complex application of protective measures (treatment with the phytomodulator and shelter), the erect varieties “Black Magic” and “Black Gem” proved to be the most resistant to freezing temperatures, their shoots were not damaged (0 points.). The least resistant semi-erect variety was “Ouachita”, in the control variant (without shelter and without treatment with phytomodulator), significant shoot damage was observed (3 points.), while with complex protective measures winter damage was 1 point. The data obtained made it possible to recommend the use in nurseries of a combination of protective measures (treatment with the phytomodulator and shelter) against low-temperature stress – sheltering blackberry shoots with spunbond with the use of NOP BZh Antifreeze.

Biological preparations based on strains of associative bacteria in the cultivation of oats in central Yakutia

Biological preparations based on strains of associative bacteria in the cultivation of oats in central Yakutia

To the study of conservation agriculture for sesame production in the northern areas of the republic of Karakalpakstan

As a result of the use of the herbicide Zeldek extra (active ingredient Haloxyfop-p-methyl a.e. Bentosan 48% w.p.), about 70% of the death of cereal weeds and the destruction of the aerial parts of field grasses were observed. Restoration of weed roots was observed 10-15 days after spraying. The highest sesame yields using soil-protective resource-saving technology were obtained in the experimental variant with a seed sowing rate of 5 kg per 1 hectare.

Structure Of Alfalfa Harvest Depending On Pre-Sowing Treatment Of Seeds With Grivlag (GVG) Growth-Regulating Substance

This study reflects the change in the dynamics of the yield structure of alfalfa hybrid of the Bazhena variety (Medicago varia Martin) of the first year of life when seeds are treated with the Grivlag organic growth-regulating substance. According to the studies, the most leafy were alfalfa plants, the seeds and shoots of which were treated with the growth substance (22.92 g), which is on average 5.02% more for three cuttings than the weight of leaves in the control (21.65 g). However, the weight of stems in the experimental variant (35.5 g) also increased by 14.12% in comparison with the control (31.15 g). In the sum of three cuttings, the average total weight of experimental plants exceeded the weight of control plants by 12.0% (p<0.05). Since the mowing fell on the phase of the beginning of alfalfa flowering, a comparison was made of the weight of inflorescences. The weight of inflorescences in the experiment was 5.02 g, which is 22.90% more than the weight of inflorescences in the control (3.87 g) (p<0.05). The results obtained indicate a positive effect on the overall growth of the aerial part of those plants that were treated with the Grivlag growth substance.

MICROENCAPSULATION OF ANTHOCYANINS FROM CORNELIAN CHERRY FRUITS IN WHEY PROTEIN ISOLATE AND PECTIN

Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) is one of the most important forest fruits, considered as a valuable horticultural resource of bioactives, such as anthocyanins – cyanidin-3-glucoside, flavonoids, vitamins (e.g. vitamin C), carotenoids (e.g. β-carotene). The aim of this study was to obtain designed delivery systems of bioactive from cornelian cherry, as microencapsulated powders in order to assure their controlled release and to develop stable and natural additives for different application. Anthocyanin’s (concentrated extract) from cornelian cherry fruits were microencapsulated in a complex, biopolymeric matrice, formed by whey protein isolate (WPI) and pectin (PT). Two experimental variants were obtained by varying the ratio between WPI and PT, such as 1:1 (PT1) and 1:2 (PT2). The powders were tested for encapsulation efficiency of the anthocyanins, phytochemical profile of the extract and freeze-dried powders, as well as colorimetric analysis. Encapsulation efficiency of the anthocyanins varied between 80.04 and 82.11% with an important level of biologically active compounds (total polyphenols, total flavonoids) and remarkable antioxidant activity. Colorimetric analysis reveals a red colour of the powders, associated with their anthocyanin content. Both experimental variants proposed in this study protected the anthocyanins from cornelian cherry fruits. Moreover, microencapsulated powders can be used as natural food additives due to their red colour and phytochemical profile.

Effect of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. seeds hydrostatic pressure pretreatment on biological properties of the extract by Drosophila melanogaster example

The article analyzes the feeding intensity, chemotaxis of larvae and changes in the expression of the sqh gene in D. melanogaster individuals cultivated on a nutrient medium with the introduction of ethanol extract from S. marianum seeds under pretreatment with hydrostatic pressure of 5, 10, 15 and 20 MPa. The preferred chemotaxis of larvae with respect to seed extract without prior pressure exposure was revealed. Changes in the intensity of nutrition in individuals of the experimental groups were not registered. A hypo-expressive direction of changes in the activity of the sqh gene was found when growing individuals on a medium with the introduction of an extract from seeds treated with pressure levels of 15 and 20 MPa. Variants of further experiments are proposed.

THE INFLUENCE OF REGENERATED LITTER ON THE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND WELL-BEING OF REARING YOUNG CHICKENS

Due to the shortage and high cost of bedding materials, the regeneration of used reinforcement and its repeated use is an urgent problem in modern poultry farming. However, at the same time, there is a threat of the negative impact of such litter on poultry. Several studies have proved the possibility of raising broiler chickens on regenerated bedding. Less studied is the option of using regenerated waste in the cultivation and maintenance of poultry with a long production cycle rearing young stock or adult birds. In the State Experimental Poultry Station National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (SEPS NAASU), the regeneration technology of used litter has been improved. In this study, the impact of the use of litter regenerated according to the developed technology in the rearing of young chickens on the microclimate of the poultry house, well-being, and zootechnical indicators of poultry was studied. The research was carried out on the experimental farm of the SEPS NAASU. According to the results of the investigation, although the initial moisture content of the regenerated litter was higher than the new one (p<0.05), after ten weeks of rearing young animals, the litter moisture content in both variants no longer had significant differences. During the growing period, the content of ammonia and carbon dioxide in the air of the experimental premises did not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations. Still, in the practical room, it was higher than in the control room, especially in the initial cultivation period. The leading difference was 4.4 mg/m3 for ammonia and 0.05% for carbon dioxide. In terms of ammonia content, the difference between the experimental and control variants was statistically significant up to 8 weeks of age (p<0.05) and carbon dioxide content up to 6 weeks of age (p<0.05). There was no negative impact of regenerated litter on the well-being indicators (condition of feather cover, knee joints, and paw feet) and zootechnical indicators of rearing young stock (safety, body weight, and feed conversion). This indicates the possibility of using regenerated litter in the rearing of young chickens without a negative impact on poultry.

Features of crop formation and productivity of legume-festulolium grass mixtures in the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia

The article presents the results of four years of research in a field experiment conducted on medium-loamy gray forest soil of the Kaluga region. The soil of the experiment was characterized by: humus content - 2.7%, pH – 5.9, gross nitrogen content - 0.12%, mobile phosphorus content - 135, exchangeable potassium - 100 mg/kg of soil. Objects of research: festulolium of the Fest and Allegro varieties, skip-row sown and in mixtures with legumes grasses - meadow clover of the Delets and Orlovsky varieties, alfalfa variable Sarga variety and Eastern galega Gale variety. Legumes-festulolium grass mixtures on average for three years formed the green mass and dry matter yield in the range of 34.5-43.5; 34,8-43,9 and 7,2-9,3; 7,2-9,4 t/ha, respectively, with skip-row and mixed sowing methods. The maximum productivity was obtained in a grass mixture of alfalfa of the hybrid Sarga variety with festulolium of the Allegro variety. The yield of exchange energy in legume-festulolium grass mixtures was in the range of 66.8-90.4 and 68.1-91.3 GJ/ha, respectively, with skip-row and mixed crops. The largest collection was provided by alfalfa-festulolium mixtures. Alfalfa grass mixtures of the Sarga variety with festulolium of the Fest and Allegro varieties provided the collection of crude protein 17.1-17.3 and 16.7-17.2 c/ha, respectively, with skip-row and mixed sowing methods. The collection of crude protein in clover- and galega-festulolium grass mixtures did not exceed 11.7 and 12.0 c/ha. The total energy costs and the energy efficiency coefficient according to the experimental variants were 17.2-17.7 GJ/ha and 3.8-5.1 for skip-row, 17.3-17.8 GJ/ha and 3.9-5.1 for mixed crops, respectively. Grass mixtures with the participation of alfalfa of the Sarga variety and festulolium of the Fest and Allegro varieties had the highest total energy costs and the maximum energy efficiency coefficient.

Влияние растворов борной кислоты в органических растворителях на продуктивность и химический состав зеленой массы клевера лугового

A comparative study of the effectiveness of boron in various forms (aqueous solution / chelated form) on the yield and quality indicators of Martum variety meadow clover herbage was carried out. Chelated forms were solutions of boric acid in organic liquids: monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, glycerol, ethylene glycol. The plants fertilized with solutions of boric acid in orga¬nic solvents were bulkier and their biomass grew more intensively. The use of an aqueous solution of boric acid (the traditional form of boron microfertilizers) increased the plant growth by only 6.2 % compared to the variant without fertilization. The use of organic solvents led to more significant increase in the height of red clover: its increase compared to control test varied from 5.5 to 19.6 cm. The tallest plants were observed in the variant with the use of boric acid dissolved in ethylene glycol, which exceeded the control value by 1.3 times. Foliar top dressing with boric micronutrient fertilizers allowed increasing the herbage of the experimental crop by 7.4–78.5 %, in relation to the control test. The use of triethanolamine, glycerol, and ethylene glycol as solvents contributed to the maximum significant growth of the vegetative mass of clover, which was 8.1, 7.7 and 9.5 t/ha higher, respectively, compared to the unfertilized variant. The collection of dry matter in the experimental variants increased by 0.1–1.1 t/ha. The highest value of this indicator was noted during foliar treatment of clover with the solution of boric acid based on ethylene glycol, which exceeded the value of the control test by 73.3 %, as well as the variant with an aqueous solution of boric acid by 62.5 %. In addition to taking into account the total content of organic or mineral compounds in the clover phytomass, the content of the main nutrients – nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium – was determined. The highest concentration of nitrogen was observed after adding a mixture of boric acid and glycerol, which is 24.2 % higher than the value in the control test, as well as 33.1 % higher than the variant after the aqueous solution of boric acid. The content of phosphorus in the clover herbage was maximal in the variant using a solution of boric acid in glycerol; it exceeded the control test by 15.4 %. The dissolution of boric acid in water and ethylene glycol, on the contrary, significantly reduced the concentration of this element by 11.5 % compared to the control test. The content of potassium in the clover herbage in the control test was 1.95 %, while the use of solutions of boric acid in organic solvents for foliar feeding led to an increase in this indicator by an average of 1.04 times. At the same time, the maximal increase in the indicator under consideration in the variant where a solution based on diethanolamine was used equaled 7.7 % to the corresponding value of the unfertilized variant and 8.2 % to the variant using an aqueous solution of boric acid. The use of boric acid contributed to a slight decrease in the content of nitrates, and the options with the use of di- and triethanolamine were characterized by the greatest effect in this case.

Effects of biochar and fertilizer amendments on soil acidity and soil organic carbon content on Luvic Anthrosols in Russian Far East

The paper presents the results of a study effect of biochar together with fertilizers on the acidic properties and organic content in Luvic Anthrosols in the South of the Russian Far East during two years field experiment. As a result of the study, it was proved that the combination of biochar with organic fertilizers contributes to the preservation of organic carbon in the soil at the end of the growing season, even 16 months after application both on the drainage site and without drainage. The most effective shift of acidity values towards neutral occurs 4 months after the introduction of biochar and combination with fertilizers for all experimental variants on a non-drainage site. After 16 months the acidity values almost return to the original values of the beginning of the growing season.

TOMATO POMACE AS AN INNOVATIVE INGREDIENT FOR NITRATE-REDUCED DRY FERMENTED SAUSAGES

Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of freeze-dried tomato pomace on the quality of dry fermented meat products with reduced nitrogen compounds. In this study, the effect of the addition of tomato pomace on the physicochemical parameters, antioxidant properties and microbiological safety of dry fermented sausages with reduced nitrate content after three months of storage was evaluated. Four experimental variants of pork sausages differing in the addition of tomato pomace were produced: a control sample and samples with 0.5 %, 1 % and 1.5 % addition of freeze-dried tomato pomace. The sausages produced were analyzed for: pH, water activity, color parameters (CIE L* a* b*), biogenic amine content. The change in antioxidant properties depending on the amount of additive used (in relation to ABTS•+ and DPPH• radicals) was also evaluated. Microbiological analyses were also carried out to determine product safety. Results and conclusion. The products were characterized by similar water activity and pH in the range of 0.83 ÷ 0.86 and 4.74 ÷ 4.93, respectively. The effect of tomato pomace addition was observed to increase antioxidant activity with increasing additive concentration. The product with 1.5% addition of freeze-dried tomato pomace also had the highest redness (a*), which affected the overall appearance of the finished product. Sausage samples with the addition of tomato pomace were also characterized by a lower putrescine content compared to the control sample. Thus, the results obtained indicate that the addition of tomato pomace affects the redness and increased antioxidant capacity of dry fermented meat products. The most promising results were obtained for dry fermented sausage with 1.5 % addition of tomato pomace. Therefore, the results suggest that tomato by-products can be used in the meat industry to reduce nitrates in meat products and improve their antioxidant activity.

Photosynthetic activity of winter rye plants (Secale Cereale L.) in dependence on cultivation conditions in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine

Topicality. Today, studying the influence of agrotechnical methods on the photosynthetic activity of plants and the grain productivity of modern winter rye varieties, depending on the predecessors, sowing dates and mineral nutrition, allows to achieve full biological potential of plants and determine the optimal technological parameters for increasing grain yield in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Purpose. To conduct investigations on the peculiarities of photosynthetic activity of modern winter rye varieties depending on their predecessors against the background of different sowing dates and the mineral nutrition content in the soil and climatic conditions of the Northern Steppe. Materials and Methods. In 2018–2021, the research was conducted on the basis of the Experimental Farm "Dnipro" of the State Enterprise Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine. There were four factors in the experiment. The winter rye varieties Pamiat Khudoierka and Stoir were sown after sunflower and spring barley in the early (5–10 September), optimal (20–25 September) and late (5–10 October) dates. Results. Winter rye, sown after spring barley, had a larger leaf area, leaf index and higher values of photosynthetic potential compared to the experimental variants where this crop was sown after sunflower. The maximum values of these parameters were observed in plants of different varieties when sown on 20–25 September with N45 applied on frozen-thawed soil after both predecessors. Over the years of research, annual average values of leaf area in the heading stage of plants grown after stubble predecessor for Pamiat Khudoierka variety were 50.4 thousand m2/ha, Stoir variety – 52.9 thousand m2/ha, and after sunflower – 46.6 and 48.5 thousand m2/ha, respectively. These variants also had the highest photosynthetic potential of the crop, which was 2.59 and 2.76 million m²-days/ha in Pamiat Khudoierka and Stoir varieties grown after spring barley, and 2.40 and 2.52 million m²-days/ha after sunflower, respectively. According to our research results, it was found that the highest yield of Stoir variety was obtained by sowing winter rye after spring barley and sunflower in the most optimal date, namely 20–25 September, and applying nitrogen at the rate of 45 kg a.i./ha in early spring, which was, depending on the predecessor, 6.47 and 5.03 t/ha, respectively. Conclusions. Therefore, according to the results of the conducted research, it was found that the maximum leaf surface area (52.9 thousand m2/ha), leaf index (5.3) and photosynthetic potential (2.76 million m²-days/ha) were formed by Stoir variety at sowing on 20–25 September after spring barley and nitrogen fertilisation of 45 kg a.i./ha in early spring on frozen-thawed soil. In addition, the maximum yield level of Stoir variety was achieved under such conditions after spring barley and sunflower, which was 6.47 and 5.03 t/ha, respectively. Key words: winter rye, variety, predecessor, sowing date, photosynthetic activity of plants, leaf area, photosynthetic potential of crops, yield

The use of Albit in the technology of growing grafted seedlings of technical grape variety

In 2014-2016 were laid 2 experiments: 1. Processing during the stratification period; 2. Processing during the growing season in the nursery garden, the purpose of which was to determine the effectiveness of including foliar fertilizing (Albit) in the conditions of the Lower Don region in the technology for the production of grafted planting material for industrial grapes. The treatment of vaccinations during the stratification period has a positive effect on their yield, which increases to 65.6-92.2%, which is 5.6-32.2% more than the control, with a positive correlation to an increase in concentration. The final yield in this experimental variants varied from 32.2 to 48.9%, significantly exceeding the control by 14.4-31.1%. Treatment of grafts during the growing season in a nursery garden with a solution of Albit in a similar concentration contributed to the aerial parts, roots, increasing the survival rate to 50.3-64.6% (increase to control 2.1-16.4%) and the final yield up to 33.3-57.2% (increase to control 10.0-33.9%), with a positive correlation to an increase in concentration. Foliar treatment during the growing season in a nursery garden with a solution of the Albit preparation provided the formation of a more powerful annual growth with increased quality indicators compared to the control.

The management of microbiological regime of the irrigated light chestnut soils in the Nizhnee Povolzhye under drip irrigation

There is a certain relation between soil fertility and its microorganism content. The article considers the microbiological characteristics of irrigated light chestnut soils in the Nizhnee Povolzhye on various media. The soil samples were taken in the plow horizon (0-20 cm) in five replications for each experimental variant. To determine and account for the microorganism groups in the studied soil, the following nutrient media were used: MPA (meat-and-peptone agar), Wort – Agar and Czapek’s, Waksman’s. The studies also included the determination of the nutrient content in the soil in order to adjust the fertilizer application system for drip irrigation, since the soil arable layer on the experimental plot was poorly provided with easily hydrolyzed nitrogen and exchangeable potassium, and in medium way with mobile phosphorus. On the irrigated area one selected the plots with onion and cucumber crops with different mineral nutrition and the levels of maintaining pre-irrigation soil moisture, as well as a variant with a virgin (nonirrigated) plot. The development features of microbial communities on irrigated and non-irrigated lands were revealed. In the arable layer of the irrigated light chestnut soil of the Volgograd region, a fungus of the genus Fusarium, bacteria Bacillus subtilis, bacteria of the genus Erwinia were found, which can make it difficult to grow and store agricultural products. The options for maintaining pre-irrigation soil moisture during drip irrigation of vegetable crops did not have any significant effect on the quantitative and qualitative composition of microorganisms. The studied soil, according to agro-chemical analysis, is fertile and can be used for crop growing. Crop cultivation on non-irrigated areas should be carried out with the application of appropriate fertilizers.

COULD VEGETAL EXTRACTS ENHANCE THE CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY AND ALEVIATE VACCINATION STRESS IN DAIRY CATTLE?

This study investigates influence of the anti-anthrax vaccination on blast transformation capacity of the leukocytes and also the possible in vitro influence of two, taxonomically different, autochthonous plants, Calendula officinalis and Vaccinium mirtyllus in promoting post-vaccinal proliferation. For that, blood was sampled on heparine (50 IU/ml) before and two weeks after the anti-anthrax vaccination (R 1190 Stamatin strain) of twenty-three dairy cows and 11 calves raised extensively. Blood samples were subjected to the in vitro blast transformation test, where glucose consumption was read after 72 hours of incubation at 37oC by the o-toluidine test. The experimental variants included samples treated with alcoholic extracts of the plants (7.5 µ/ml). There was a statistically significant increase in all the stimulation indices after the vaccination of the animals in cows, including those for Vaccinium myrtillus (48.57±13.27 to 53.53±12.49, p=0.02) and Calendulla officinalis (56.39±12.57 and 61.51±13.85, p=0.01). The increase induced in the growth of calf lymphocytes by the two plants was non-significant post vaccination. Both extracts could be used to enhance cell mediated immunity but there was an age dependent improvement of their in vitro response.