Trait Variables Research Articles

Factors associated with allergy traits around the 2nd year of life: a brazilian cohort study.

Allergic status has been strongly influenced by early exposures; however, allergic diseases are hard to measure in early life. Thus, this study proposed a latent variable allergy traits around the second year of life and analyzed pre- and perinatal factors associated with this phenomenon. The study used data from the BRISA birth cohort, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (n= 3644). The theoretical model included: family allergy (history of allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma); gestational period variables (socioeconomic status, mother's skin color, pregestational body mass index - BMI, smoking, gestational diabetes, and hypertension); birth variables (gestational age, 5-minute Apgar score, birth weight, type of delivery), and early life factor (exclusive breast feeding). The outcome was allergy traits around the 2nd year of life, a latent variable deduced from the shared variance among medical diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy. The model was analyzed by structural equation modeling. Higher socioeconomic status (SC = 0.256; p< 0.001) and higher family allergy values (SC = 1.224; p< 0.001) were associated with higher allergy trait values. Hypertension during pregnancy was associated with higher values (SC = 0.170; p= 0.022) and exclusive breast feeding (SC = -0.192; p< 0.001) with low allergy trait values. Although socioeconomic and environmental factors were associated with allergy traits around the 2nd year of life, the family component of allergy was the exposure that best explained this outcome.

Combining Continuous and Categorical Data Modeling in Developmental Age Estimation Using Hierarchical Bayes

Residual correlations (correlations that persist after accounting for the effect of chronological age) between variables can have a significant impact on final age estimates. Such correlations can result in overly narrow age intervals and high error rates when not accounted for. Modeling correlations can be mathematically problematic across mixed data types. Hierarchical modeling can incorporate continuous and categorical traits into a single model that accounts for correlated variables while reducing computationally expensive calculations. This paper demonstrates a Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach in which trait variables were grouped by data type or bodily system and used to produce separate age estimates with any appropriate model. These age estimates were combined into a single estimate using a multivariate normal model via nested cross-validation. The data used included nine diaphyseal length measurements and 29 epiphyseal fusion and ossification sites from 179 individuals in the publicly available U.S. Subadult Virtual Anthropology Database. Diaphyseal ages were modeled with linear regression and epiphyseal ages with random forest regression. Age estimates from the hierarchical model had reduced bias relative to diaphyseal or epiphyseal maximum likelihood estimates alone. Combined-indicator age intervals from 95% highest density regions (HDRs) were on average 15% narrower than those from diaphyseal 95% HDRs while success rates were 2% lower (91% vs. 93%). Functional example code is provided. A general hierarchical modeling approach may be applicable to other areas of skeletal analysis that employ correlated variables of mixed data types including adult age estimation and ancestry estimation.

Dating app usage and motivations for dating app usage are associated with increased disordered eating

The centrality of physical appearance in dating app environments may constitute an appearance-related pressure that increases the likelihood of body dissatisfaction (BD) and disordered eating (DE), thus exacerbating the relationship between DE-predictive traits and DE itself. Although dating app use has been linked to BD and DE, prior research has also neglected the role of individuals’ dating app use motivations and relevant traits in eating pathology. To address these gaps, the current study investigated whether dating app usage moderated the effects of appearance-based rejection sensitivity, fear of negative evaluation, emotion dysregulation, and perceived social rank on DE. We also examined the unique effects of individuals’ dating app use motivations on DE. Participants (N = 690) completed baseline measures of demographic and trait variables including dating app usage. DE was positively associated with female gender, higher body mass index, a history of eating disorder (ED) diagnosis, appearance-based rejection sensitivity, and emotion dysregulation. There was a small, positive association between dating app usage and DE, indicating that dating app users were more likely to report DE symptoms, appearance-based rejection sensitivity, and emotion dysregulation. No investigated predictor was moderated by dating app usage, but four of the six measured motivations for using dating apps (love, self-worth, ease of communication, and thrill of excitement motivations) were associated with DE among the dating app user sample (casual sex and trendiness motivations were not). Given that DE behaviours can lead to EDs, the present findings suggest that lifetime dating app usage may increase socio-cultural appearance pressures that confer risk for DE.

Genetic and Environmental Variation in Continuous Phenotypes in the ABCD Study®

Twin studies yield valuable insights into the sources of variation, covariation and causation in human traits. The ABCD Study® (abcdstudy.org) was designed to take advantage of four universities known for their twin research, neuroimaging, population-based sampling, and expertise in genetic epidemiology so that representative twin studies could be performed. In this paper we use the twin data to: (i) provide initial estimates of heritability for the wide range of phenotypes assessed in the ABCD Study using a consistent direct variance estimation approach, assuring that both data and methodology are sound; and (ii) provide an online resource for researchers that can serve as a reference point for future behavior genetic studies of this publicly available dataset. Data were analyzed from 772 pairs of twins aged 9–10 years at study inception, with zygosity determined using genotypic data, recruited and assessed at four twin hub sites. The online tool provides twin correlations and both standardized and unstandardized estimates of additive genetic, and environmental variation for 14,500 continuously distributed phenotypic features, including: structural and functional neuroimaging, neurocognition, personality, psychopathology, substance use propensity, physical, and environmental trait variables. The estimates were obtained using an unconstrained variance approach, so they can be incorporated directly into meta-analyses without upwardly biasing aggregate estimates. The results indicated broad consistency with prior literature where available and provided novel estimates for phenotypes without prior twin studies or those assessed at different ages. Effects of site, self-identified race/ethnicity, age and sex were statistically controlled. Results from genetic modeling of all 53,172 continuous variables, including 38,672 functional MRI variables, will be accessible via the user-friendly open-access web interface we have established, and will be updated as new data are released from the ABCD Study. This paper provides an overview of the initial results from the twin study embedded within the ABCD Study, an introduction to the primary research domains in the ABCD study and twin methodology, and an evaluation of the initial findings with a focus on data quality and suitability for future behavior genetic studies using the ABCD dataset. The broad introductory material is provided in recognition of the multidisciplinary appeal of the ABCD Study. While this paper focuses on univariate analyses, we emphasize the opportunities for multivariate, developmental and causal analyses, as well as those evaluating heterogeneity by key moderators such as sex, demographic factors and genetic background.

Defensive spines are associated with large geographic range but not diversification in spiny ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Polyrhachis)

AbstractSeveral prominent evolutionary theories propose mechanisms whereby the evolution of a defensive trait or suite of traits causes significant shifts in species diversification rate and niche evolution. We investigate the role of cuticular spines, a highly variable morphological defensive trait in the hyperdiverse ant genus Polyrhachis, on species diversification and geographic range size. Informed by key innovation theory and the escape‐and‐radiate hypothesis, we predicted that clades with longer spines would exhibit elevated rates of diversification and larger range sizes compared to clades with shorter spines. To address these predictions, we estimated phylogenetic relationships with a phylogenomic approach utilizing ultraconserved elements and compiled morphological and biogeographic trait databases. In contrast to the first prediction, we found no association between diversification rate and any trait (spine length, body size and range size), with the sole exception of a positive association between range size and diversification in one of three trait‐based diversification analyses. However, we recovered a positive phylogenetic correlation between spine length and geographic range size, suggesting that spines promote expanded geographic range. Notably, these results were consistent across analyses using different phylogenetic inference approaches and spine trait measurement schemes. This study provides a rare investigation of the role of a defensive trait on geographic range size, and ultimately supports the hypothesis that defensive spines are a factor in increased range size in Polyrhachis ants. Furthermore, the lack of support for an association between spines and diversification, which contrasts with previous work demonstrating a positive association between spines and diversification rate, is intriguing and warrants further study.

Invited discussant comments during the UCL-Penn Global COVID Study webinar 'How Do We Trust (Again): Paranoia and Mental Health': part 1 of 2.

The article provides commentary on Wong et al.'s investigation of the relationship between schizotypal traits, social mistrust and aggression, mental and physical health outcomes across three waves of data collection commencing in April 2020. The researchers aimed to consider the nature of the relationship between these variables and the stability of these relationships as coronavirus (Covid-19) restrictions fluctuated over time. Their results suggested that loneliness reflects a hub which links the trait variables of schizotypal and social mistrust to aggression and mental and physical health symptoms. Their network did not vary by demographic factors nor wave of data collection, suggesting that stable individual differences were driving results. Their results propose that interventions which increase social connection could provide positive health benefits as well as decreasing aggression (via reductions in social mistrust). Their data contributes to understanding about how schizotypal traits link to outcomes under conditions of social stress.

Qualitative Morphological Characterization of Male Indonesian Local Sheep Breeds on Java Island, Indonesia

Background: Sheep is one of the small ruminant types widely distributed and popular in Indonesia, especially on Java Island. This study aimed to characterize male Indonesian local sheep breeds on Java Island based on their qualitative morphological traits. Methods: This study identified twenty-nine qualitative morphological characteristics in 627 head sheep consisting of Priangan, Garut, Batur, Wonosobo, Javanese Thin Tailed (JTT), Javanese Fat-Tailed (JFT) and Sapudi sheep. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Chi-square analysis (X2), multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 and NTSYS-pc version 2.11. Result: All the qualitative morphological traits variables were significantly different (P less than 0.01) between the seven sheep breeds. Seven sheep breeds could be categorized into three groups: 1) JFT and Sapudi sheep; 2) JTT, Priangan and Garut sheep; and 3) Batur and Wonosobo sheep. The Garut and Batur sheep have the most distant relationship (26.781). The JFT and Sapudi sheep have the closest relationship (1.345), as well as between Batur and Wonosobo sheep (10.064) and between Priangan and JTT sheep (2.453). Garut sheep have the most distant relationship with other sheep breeds, except with Priangan (4.259) and JTT (8.157) sheep. It was concluded that male Indonesian local sheep breeds on Java Island could be characterized using qualitative morphological traits.

Benefits of spontaneous confidence alignment between dyad members

In many domains, imitating others’ behaviour can help individuals to solve problems that would be too difficult or too complex for the individuals. In collective decision making tasks, people have been shown to use confidence as a means to communicate the uncertainty surrounding internal noisy estimates. Here, we show that confidence alignment, namely, shifting average confidence between dyad members towards each other, naturally emerges when interacting with others’ opinions. This alignment has a measurable impact on group performance as well as the accuracy of individual members following information exchange. It is suggested that confidence alignment arises among individuals from the necessity of minimising confidence variation arising from task-unrelated variables (trait confidence), while at the same time maximising variation arising from stimulus characteristics (state confidence).

Novel method for detecting complement C3 deposition on Staphylococcus aureus

The primary host response to Staphylococcus aureus infection occurs via complement. Complement is an elegant evolutionarily conserved system, playing essential roles in early defences by working in concert with immune cells to survey, label and destroy microbial intruders and coordinate inflammation. Currently the exact mechanisms employed by S. aureus to manipulate and evade complement is not clear and is hindered by the lack of accurate molecular tools that can report on complement deposition on the bacterial surface. Current gold-standard detection methods employ labelled complement-specific antibodies and flow cytometry to determine complement deposited on bacteria. These methods are restricted by virtue of the expression of the S. aureus immunoglobulin binding proteins, Protein A and Sbi. In this study we describe the use of a novel antibody-independent C3 probe derived from the staphylococcal Sbi protein, specifically Sbi-IV domain. Here we show that biotin-labelled Sbi-IV interacts specifically with deposited C3 products on the staphylococcal surface and thus can be used to measure complement fixation on wild-type cells expressing a full repertoire of immune evasion proteins. Lastly, our data indicates that genetically diverse S. aureus strains restrict complement to different degrees suggesting that complement evasion is a variable virulence trait among S. aureus isolates.

Ordinal state-trait regression for intensive longitudinal data.

In many psychological studies, in particular those conducted by experience sampling, mental states are measured repeatedly for each participant. Such a design allows for regression models that separate between- from within-person, or trait-like from state-like, components of association between two variables. But these models are typically designed for continuous variables, whereas mental state variables are most often measured on an ordinal scale. In this paper we develop a model for disaggregating between- from within-person effects of one ordinal variable on another. As in standard ordinal regression, our model posits a continuous latent response whose value determines the observed response. We allow the latent response to depend nonlinearly on the trait and state variables, but impose a novel penalty that shrinks the fit towards a linear model on the latent scale. A simulation study shows that this penalization approach is effective at finding a middle ground between an overly restrictive linear model and an overfitted nonlinear model. The proposed method is illustrated with an application to data from the experience sampling study of Baumeister et al. (2020, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 46, 1631).

Exploring DSS for Personality Assessment

The research has been undertaken with the objective of studying the factors of personality and its impact on organization citizenship behaviour (OCB) among information technology (IT) sector employees. The study will help human resource managers in devising a strategy for selecting personnel who will exhibit OCB, thus helping organisations in improving their output. For fulfilling the objectives, descriptive analysis has been conducted on the data of 504 IT sector employees who have relevant technical background. The variables have been measured with the help of self-administered questionnaire. Data was analysed through structural equation modelling technique. IBM SPSS Amos software has been used to fit the SEM model. The outcome demonstrated that variables of OCB and personality traits are significant representatives as proved in the first order constructs. The authors find a high positive relation between personality traits and OCB.

Transformational leadership and employee performance amid COVID-19 crisis

Leadership is a journey that never stops and has power to evoke the minds of the people in the organisation. Outbreak of COVID-19 left individuals and organizations with many shocks due to unprecedented change. Transformational leadership style evokes the behaviour of employees towards better task. This study aims to establish the relationship between the transformational leadership and its impact on the employee performance in COVID-19 era. An empirical study was conducted by a survey, administered on employees of IT sector. Hypotheses were tested on a sample of 300. Statistical tools such as excel and SPSS were used for analysis. Multiple Regression was applied to study the influence of transformational leadership on employee performance. The results showed there is a significant relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance and the predictive variable traits of transformational leadership contributed significantly.

Abstract P2036: Investigating Variants Of Hdac7 In Mammalian Heart Regeneration

The longstanding belief in the field is the mammalian heart is incapable of regenerating. However, findings regarding the variability of regenerative capacity of mammalian hearts are opening the door for such a possibility. Mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes (MNDCMs) are a subpopulation of CMs believed to be capable of mounting a regenerative response and the prevalence of the MNDCM population in mammalian hearts is a variable trait. Thus, if we can understand the genetic mechanisms governing the MNDCM variability, it could indicate strategies to stimulate an endogenous regenerative response. Using a genome-wide association approach across a panel of genetically diverse inbred mice, Dr. Patterson identified genes associated with the frequency of MNDCMs in the uninjured adult heart. From this genetic screen, she validated the gene Tnni3k as one regulator of CM ploidy and regenerative competence after injury. Here, we follow a second novel locus identified from this screen found on chromosome 15, which includes the gene Hdac7. Previously published RNA-seq data on isolated CMs indicate that Hdac7 expression levels increase during the first postnatal week, a time that coincides with the onset of cellular senescence, CM polyploidization, and the loss of innate regenerative capacity in the heart. Using a CM specific Hdac7 conditional knockout mouse, we found that loss of Hdac7 in CMs from birth increases CM DNA synthesis, increases CM ploidy, and increases average CM cell length. Moreover, we identified a protein coding variant of Hdac7 that corresponds to differences in frequency of MNDCM between members of the mouse diversity panel. Finally, we have gathered preliminary findings that suggest genetic epistasis between Hdac7 and Tnni3k. Specifically, Hdac7;Tnni3k double knockout animals display more MNDCMs than Tnni3k knockout did on its own. Our findings suggest Hdac7 negatively regulates DNA synthesis; a key part of the cell cycle that has the potential as a therapeutic target for the stimulation of a proliferation response. In addition, these findings showcase complex genetic interactions regulating CM regeneration, suggesting that combinatorial approaches can enhance regenerative responses.

Differences in functional trait responses to elevation among feeding guilds of Aculeata community.

The response of communities to environmental change is expected to vary among feeding guilds. To evaluate the response of guilds to environmental factors without considering the taxonomic specificities, it is useful to examine Aculeata bees and wasps, which consist of closely related taxa including different guilds, pollinators, predators, and parasitoids. In this study, we evaluated changes in species diversity (SD) and functional traits of each feeding guild along an elevational gradient in a boreal forest in northern Japan. We used yellow pan traps to collect Aculeata bees and wasps at 200–1600 m above sea level. We investigated six functional traits (trophic level, seasonal duration, body size, elevational range, nesting position, and soil dependency) and the horizontal distribution of the species. The SD of all Aculeata, predators, and parasitoids decreased with an increase in elevation; however, the SD of pollinators did not show any specific trend. Although the functional trait composition of all Aculeata species did not show any trend, that of each feeding guild responded to elevation in different ways. Pollinators increased in body size and showed a decrease in seasonal duration with increasing elevation, suggesting that tolerance and seasonal escape from physical stress at high elevations are important for shaping pollinator communities. Predators increased their elevational range and the proportion of above‐ground nesting species increased with increasing elevation, suggesting that the ability to live in a wider range of environments and avoid unsuitable soil environments at high elevations might be important. Parasitoids changed their hosts and displayed variable traits with increasing elevation, suggesting that brood parasitoids have difficulty in surviving at high elevation. The traits for each guild responded in different ways, even if they were dominated by the same environmental factors. Our findings imply that differences in the responses of functional traits would produce different community assembly patterns in different guilds during further climate change.

Effects of land use and environmental gradients on the taxonomic and functional diversity of rotifer assemblages in lakes along the Yangtze River, China

Anthropogenic pressures are the main drivers of freshwater biodiversity loss. Lakes can act as sentinels of both local and regional changes and experience increased anthropogenic disturbances. Functional traits have been developed to elucidate the consequential functional progression of community changes, yet only a few studies on rotifer functional approaches exist compared with other biotic community attributes. Here, we investigate the responses of rotifer taxonomic and functional diversity metrics to an environmental gradient representing changing lake morphology, land use and physicochemical conditions in 30 lakes along the Yangtze River, China. Based on the distinct lake morphological gradient, land use patterns and environmental conditions, the 30 lakes were clustered into three groups with decreasing anthropogenic stress from Group 1 to Group 3. Our findings indicated that both species and functional richness decreased from Group 1 to Group 3 and that functional richness exhibited better correspondence with multiple stressors than did taxonomic richness. Moreover, we found that the rotifer assemblages varied significantly among the three lake groups along land use and environmental gradients, and the community-weighted means (CWM) of trait expression of the corresponding communities changed simultaneously. Types of trophi and corona were considered as the most variable traits among the three lake groups. We highlight that trait-based approaches are more sensitive, responsive and informative than taxonomic approaches in indicating human-induced environmental alterations in freshwater ecosystems.

Phylogeny, character evolution and biogeography of the genus Sclerophylax (Solanaceae)

AbstractThe genus Sclerophylax (Atropina clade, Solanaceae) has 14 species recognized to date, all except two endemic to Argentina. To clarify its phylogenetic relationships, molecular sequence data from the trnL‐trnF and the rpl32F‐trnL intergenic spacer regions, the waxy gene and the ITS region were employed in maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses. Divergence times were estimated for the combined dataset using secondary calibrations. Ancestral distribution areas were reconstructed by Bayesian binary analyses and seven morphological traits (one continuous, six discrete) were traced. Sclerophylax is monophyletic and its sister clade is Lycium + Nolana. Sclerophylax is divided into S. sect. Caducifructus (1 sp.) and the monophyletic sect. Sclerophylax (11 spp.). Sclerophylax sect. Sclerophylax includes five well‐supported clades that are also supported by morphological synapomorphies; circumscription of some species remains uncertain, probably as a result of rapid diversifications, but four lineages are recognized by a combination of morphological traits. The ancestor of Sclerophylax was an annual, procumbent/decumbent plant with rhomboidal leaves and sessile, persistent, 2–3‐seeded fruits. The most variable traits were leaf shape and life form, while flower size was shown to be highly informative in diagnosing clades within Sclerophylax. The area of origin for Sclerophylax was the Prepuna biogeographical province, from which it has spread in recent geological times. A total of 12 species are recognized in Sclerophylax, with an updated synonymy, lectotypifications, and re‐circumscriptions provided.

Factors Affecting Entrepreneurship Behavior: Variance-Based Structural Equation Modelling

Entrepreneurship is widely recognized as one of the important elements for achieving success in today’s society because of its important contribution to economic growth, job creation, and technological advancement. This study aims to analyze empirically the effect of the interaction between entrepreneurial intentions (EI) and entrepreneurial behaviour (EB), which is influenced by determinants such as competitive nature, keen attention to entrepreneurship, and proactive personality. This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design. A total of 2322 students who were about to graduate were involved in this study. Attention sharpness in entrepreneurship was measured using 13-items questions. The competitive trait was measured using three items. Proactive personality was measured using ten items. Entrepreneurial Intentions was measured using the entrepreneurial intention scale, namely personal attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. PLS-SEM was used at the stage of model measurement and hypothesis testing. The results of the study inform that the four hypotheses of the antecedent variable directly influence entrepreneurial intentions and behaviour. Still, there is no moderation in the competitive trait and proactive personality variables in the two hypotheses. Students’ awareness of the need for achievement and the personality characteristics required for entrepreneurship can change when they are brought into direct experience with entrepreneurs who can be role models.

Circulating Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Do Not Explain Interindividual Variability in Visceral Sensitivity in Healthy Individuals.

A role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of pain and hyperalgesia has received growing attention, especially in the context of visceral pain and the gut-brain axis. While acute experimental inflammation can induce visceral hyperalgesia as part of sickness behavior in healthy individuals, it remains unclear if normal plasma levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to interindividual variability in visceral sensitivity. We herein compiled data from a tightly screened and well-characterized sample of healthy volunteers (N = 98) allowing us to assess associations between visceral sensitivity and gastrointestinal symptoms, and plasma concentrations of three selected pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8), along with cortisol and stress-related psychological variables. For analyses, we compared subgroups created to have distinct pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles, modelling healthy individuals at putative risk or resilience, respectively, for symptoms of the gut-brain axis, and compared them with respect to rectal sensory and pain thresholds and subclinical GI symptoms. Secondly, we computed multiple regression analyses to test if circulating pro-inflammatory markers predict visceral sensitivity in the whole sample. Despite pronounced subgroup differences in pro-inflammatory cytokine and cortisol concentrations, we observed no differences in measures of visceroception. In regression analyses, cytokines did not emerge as predictors. The pain threshold was predicted by emotional state and trait variables, especially state anxiety, together explaining 10.9% of the variance. These negative results do not support the hypothesis that systemic cytokine levels contribute to normal interindividual variability in visceroception in healthy individuals. Trajectories to visceral hyperalgesia as key marker in disorders of gut-brain interactions likely involve complex interactions of biological and psychological factors in keeping with a psychosocial model. Normal variations in systemic cytokines do not appear to constitute a vulnerability factor in otherwise healthy individuals, calling for prospective studies in at risk populations.

Mediating effect of autistic traits between the emotional impact of pandemic and depressive symptoms.

Background. The pandemic is having a significant impact on mental health, especially in vulnerable groups. Method. A conditional analysis was carried out with a population of 185 people. The study population did not have any psychiatric diagnosis, they are people without autism. The age of the participants ranges between 18 and 72 years (M = 31.43; SD= 16.26). The mediating role of autistic traits and the moderating role of age between the emotional impact of the pandemic and depressive symptoms are analyzed. Results. The results demonstrate a significant influence of age and emotional impact of the pandemic on the depressive symptoms. The mediating variable autistic traits was also significant. Conclusions. These results point to the younger population with autistic traits as particularly vulnerable

Combined Analysis of BSA-Seq Based Mapping, RNA-Seq, and Metabolomic Unraveled Candidate Genes Associated with Panicle Grain Number in Rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Rice grain yield is a complex and highly variable quantitative trait consisting of several key components, including the grain weight, the effective panicles per unit area, and the grain number per panicle (GNPP). The GNPP is a significant contributor to grain yield controlled by multiple genes (QTL) and is crucial for improvement. Attempts have been made to find genes for this trait, which has always been a challenging and arduous task through conventional methods. We combined a BSA analysis, RNA profiling, and a metabolome analysis in the present study to identify new candidate genes involved in the GNPP. The F2 population from crossing R4233 (high GNPP) and Ce679 (low GNPP) revealed a frequency distribution fitting two segregated genes. Three pools, including low, middle, and high GNPP, were constructed and a BSA analysis revealed six candidate regions spanning 5.38 Mb, containing 739 annotated genes. Further, a conjunctive analysis of BSA-Seq and RNA-Seq showed 31 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the candidate intervals. Subsequently, a metabolome analysis showed 1024 metabolites, with 71 significantly enriched, including 44 up and 27 downregulated in Ce679 vs. R4233. A KEGG enrichment analysis of these 31 DEGs and 71 differentially enriched metabolites (DEMs) showed two genes, Os12g0102100 and Os01g0580500, significantly enriched in the metabolic pathways’ biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis. Os12g0102100, which encodes for the alcohol dehydrogenase superfamily and a zinc-containing protein, is a novel gene whose contribution to the GNPP is not yet elucidated. This gene coding for mitochondrial trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase is involved in the biosynthesis of myristic acid, also known as tetradecanoic acid. The Os01g0580500 coding for the enzyme 1-aminoclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (OsACO7) is responsible for the final step of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway through the conversion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) into ethylene. Unlike Os12g0102100, this gene was significantly upregulated in R4233, downregulated in Ce679, and significantly enriched in two of the three metabolite pathways. This result pointed out that these two genes are responsible for the difference in the GNPP in the two cultivars, which has never been identified. Further validation studies may disclose the physiological mechanisms through which they regulate the GNPP in rice.