Vargas Era Research Articles

Diagnosis and treatment of patients at Juquery hospital during the Vargas Era / Diagnósticos e tratamentos em pacientes no hospital do Juquery na Era Vargas

Objetivo: analisar diagnósticos e tratamentos em pacientes no Hospital do Juquery no período Vargas. Método: estudo quanti-qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo, análise dos dados pelo referencial da análise documental e documentos históricos. Resultados: analisados 2.166 prontuários; épocas de conflitos sociais e guerras com incremento de prisões e internações; múltiplos diagnósticos para paciente; diagnósticos inconclusivos; principais diagnósticos: esquizofrenia (23,59%), psicose maníaca depressiva (4,20%), psicoses diversas (4,02%), delírio (3,83%), parafrenia (3,60%), depressão (3,19%), confusão mental (2,91%) configuravam 45,34% (982) do total; quadros sem serem estritamente psiquiátricos, mas poderiam ter sintomatologia derivada: sífilis (10,80%), deficiência intelectual (8,08%), epilepsia (4,06%), alcoolismo (3,81%); 2.023 (93,40%) prontuários sem observação médica; 08 (0,37%) pacientes diagnosticados “sem perturbação mental”; 37 (1,71%) “sem diagnóstico conclusivo”; 920 (42,47%) prontuários sem dados de tratamentos; 213 (9,83%) sem definição de tratamentos. Conclusão: múltiplos diagnósticos para mesmo indivíduo; alguns pacientes não tinham quadros psiquiátricos; tratamentos repetidos, majoritariamente orgânicos, não produziram resultados efetivos.

Subvenções sociais: a construção de uma política pública de assistência na primeira metade do Século XX

The article analyzes the theme of social subsidies between 1900 and 1945, with a greater focus on the context of the Vargas Era in Brazil. It highlights the creation of the Caixa de Subvenções as an important institution that reflected the political, energy and social transformations of that period. The state began to play a central role in economic development and social welfare, intervening in markets and regulating social relations. The inclusion of various sectors of society in subsidy policies promoted the representation of interests and strengthened political participation. The article also seeks to emphasize the relationship between authoritarian governments and advances in social legislation, highlighting subsidies as a form of state intervention. By addressing the challenges, controversies and historical importance of subsidies, the text contributes to an understanding of this important period in Brazilian history.

Getúlio Vargas and the Making of Restrictive Migratory Policies in Post-1930 Brazil

Following Brazil’s “great migration” period (1880–1930) came Getúlio Vargas’s rise to power, marking a radical historical rupture. From 1930 onwards, we observed the construction of a framework of restrictive rules aimed at controlling the entry and stay of foreigners in the country, including an ethnically differentiated management of flows. This article sought to cross-reference the new migratory policy, aimed at both new entries and immigrants already present in the territory, with the issue of race. To this end, it dealt with two groups of immigrants whose flows were directly impacted by the new policies (and by racism), but not in the same way: Japanese and Jews. The reflection also turned to the different experiences in each of the two groups between the candidates for immigration—in the face of the new barriers imposed on entry and those already living in Brazil in the face of the assimilationist measures adopted. Brazilian migration policies and state actions have been studied more often than the agency of immigrants. In this sense, the existing studies have focused more on the management of new flows than on the experience of immigrants already settled in the territory. The text, therefore, assumed a change of perspective, opting for a look “from below” in order to focus on both sides of the scales and the border. Finally, it examined the historiography that dealt with migration policy during the Vargas era and, more specifically, that which focused on Jewish and Japanese immigration.

A Commonsian Reading on Brazilian Unionism

By systemizing a typology from John R. Commons and John B. Andrews’ discussion about collective bargaining and the attitudes of governments towards labor unions, we present in this article the use of this categorization to investigate the vicissitudes of unionism in Brazil. We do so by analyzing the interaction between the government and labor unions in two different inflection points in Brazil’s labor law history: (i) the Vargas Era (1930–1945) and (ii) the Labor Reform of 2017. Our conclusions relate these periods to the attitudes of “intervention” and “tolerance,” respectively, pointing now to aspects of increasing opposition towards collective action as the economic crisis and unemployment deepen, and new reforms take place.

History of brazilian education: professional education in contexto

This study aims to approach a brief report of the historical periods experienced by the country and its direct relation with Vocational Education. The history of this type of education arises with the purpose of forming a workforce to serve the elites, using individuals in situations of social vulnerability, thus giving rise to our historical roots of school dualism. This analysis will be based on documents and authors found, separating data by historical periods as follows: Colonial Period, Imperial Period, Republican Period, Vargas Era, Military Period and Post-military or Post-dictatorship Period. Based on the data found, we can see in this work that vocational education is directly influenced by the thinking of each public manager: sometimes it assumes an assistentialist role, with policies aimed at reducing idleness and marginalization; at other times, it assumes the role of serving the economic system, dressed in the garb of developmentalism; and, at other times, it takes on the guise of comprehensive education, trying to overcome the maxim of intellectual work for the elites and manual work for the "underprivileged".

From the beginnings to the institucionalization of the road transport system in Brazil (1893-1945)

From the arrival of the first automotive vehicle in Brazil in 1893 until the government of Artur Bernardes (1922-26), little more than three decades had passed in the pioneering phase of the road transport system in Brazil, in which public transport policies had been more focused on the rail system. The article works with the hypothesis that it is only possible to talk about the institutionalization of a road transport system in the country after the Washington Luís government (1926-30), since the creation in 1927 of both the Special Fund for Roads Construction and the Federal Highways Commission (CERF) definitely placed it among the priorities of the federal government. During the Vargas Era (1930-45), when the National Department of Highways (DNER) was created in 1937, and the National Highway Plan (PRN) was implemented in 1944, the road transport system gained strength in political and institutional terms and gradually entered the collective imagination of part of the Brazilian population, acquiring territorial capillarity and an economic base.

The Brazilian Revolution of 1930: The Legacy of Getúlio Vargas Revisited

The Brazilian Revolution of 1930: The Legacy of Getúlio Vargas Revisited

Review: Selling Black Brazil: Race, Nation, and Visual Culture in Salvador, Bahia, by Anadelia A. Romo, and Modernity in Black and White: Art and Image, Race and Identity in Brazil, 1890–1945, by Rafael Cardoso

Review: <i>Selling Black Brazil: Race, Nation, and Visual Culture in Salvador, Bahia</i>, by Anadelia A. Romo, and <i>Modernity in Black and White: Art and Image, Race and Identity in Brazil, 1890–1945</i>, by Rafael Cardoso

Combat art: Mário de Andrade's performance in the Vargas Era

Resumo A partir do poema “Abre-te boca e proclama”, do livro Lira paulistana (1945), de Mário de Andrade, este artigo analisa a relação entre produção intelectual e censura na Era Vargas, como um dos ecos da Segunda Guerra Mundial no contexto brasileiro. A Era Vargas foi marcada por um governo autoritário que recorreu à censura e à propaganda para manter seu funcionamento político populista por meio da cooptação de intelectuais para compor o funcionalismo público. Exercendo uma dupla função, muitos autores utilizaram de diferentes artifícios para publicarem suas obras ou fizeram uso das diferentes formas de silenciamento para conciliarem suas funções, pois o Estado era, também, o caminho possível para a realização do bem coletivo. Desse modo, a escrita literária necessitava de cautela e sabedoria para ser, ao mesmo tempo, uma arma contra o governo Vargas, e um caminho para a democratização da cultura no país.

A Voz do Brasil: Radio, Salience, and Resilience

To make itself heard, the state relies on instruments of acoustic salience. The purpose of those instruments is to realign a hearing community. In this article, I examine the radio program A Voz do Brasil (The Voice of Brazil) as an instrument of acoustic salience. Produced by the government and focused on the government, the daily one-hour program is mandatory for all radio stations: those that refuse to air it can be fined or suspended. Most Brazilians find the show unappealing, despite attempts from various administrations to “modernize” its form and content. How has A Voz do Brasil remained on air since its creation in the 1930s despite the lack of audience? In following the program’s trajectory during the Vargas Era (1930–45), the Fourth Republic (1945–64), the Military Dictatorship (1964–85), and the New Republic (1985-present), I show how acoustic salience has been overtaken by governmental resilience.

Baptists in the Vargas Era: from the Revolution of 30 to the proscenium of the Estado Novo.

Resumo O presente artigo analisa, a partir da história das religiões, as ideias e posturas de religiosos da Convenção Batista Brasileira entre a Revolução de 30 e o proscênio do Estado Novo. Propõe-se a compreender oscilações do pensamento liberal sustentado pela denominação batista no período entre 1930 e 1937. Aborda posturas de inflexão em face dos inimigos ideológicos dos batistas, sobretudo do comunismo e do integralismo. Apresenta narrativas de anticatolicismo, da defesa da laicidade durante a promulgação da Constituição de 1934 e o clima preparatório de apoio ao golpe do Estado Novo em 1937. No centro do corpus documental deste artigo está O Jornal Batista como órgão oficial da Convenção Batista Brasileira.

The pursuit of a life less ordinary. The trajectory of afro-brazilian actor Milton Gonçalves.

Milton Gonçalves is one of the most awarded actors in Brazil. He is a descendant of slaves, born in 1933 and, as such, he faced the challenges imposed on Afro-Brazilians during post-abolition: poverty and racial discrimination. This article utilizes interviews, newspapers and other media to examine the trajectory of Milton Gonçalves: his origins, life in São Paulo during the Vargas Era, the Teatro de Arena, the TV Channel Globo. Milton goes from being a shy young man to becoming the face and voice recognized by hundreds of millions in Brazil. He also became engaged in the struggle for racial equality in Brazil.

The origin of samba in Brazil

It was in the Vargas Era that samba changed from a musical genre pursued to one of the most popular musical styles in our country. The popularization of samba in the cultural scene in Rio de Janeiro made the genre gain space in the Brazilian music industry. Thus, samba gained space and publicity on the radio.

O Racismo Nosso de cada Dia: contradições de uma sociedade que se apresenta racialmente democrática

Este artigo tem como objetivo traçar reflexões teórico-conceituais sobre a temática do racismo no Brasil. Partindo da obra de decolonialistas latino americanos assinalamos, inicialmente, que as matrizes históricas do racismo no país são desdobramentos da colonização europeia e do pensamento eurocêntrico na modernidade. Em seguida, discutimos a história do racismo no Brasil, enfocando-a em períodos após a abolição da escravidão marcados, especialmente, pela ideologia do embranquecimento, num primeiro momento, e pelo mito da democracia racial, a partir da era Vargas. Neste tópico, trouxemos dados acerca da grave situação de desigualdade social entre negros e brancos que persiste no país. Buscamos, assim, nos somar com vozes ético-críticas que reivindicam que a violência desta experiência cotidianamente vivida pela maior parcela da população não mais seja desqualificada e naturalizada, mas explicitamente revelada. Apenas desta maneira, medidas efetivas contra o racismo estrutural poderão ocorrer, afastando esse insidioso espectro que reincide constantemente nas sociabilidades brasileiras.

O CINEMA CONTEMPORÂNEO NA BIOPOLÍTICA: O POÇO, A CULTURA DO RALO E O LIXO SOCIAL

Based on the analysis of the film source O Poço, 2019, we built a historical-political narrative of the use of the body and subjectivities to illustrate the formation of the biopolitical state in Brazil in the mid-1930s, in the period known as the Vargas Era. The condition of this biopolitical State is given from the function of consolidating industrial capitalism, including/excluding urban workers, promoting social rights and the use of biomedia. In this context, biopolitics produces the state of exception and concentration camps (AGAMBEN, 2010) that, fictionally, we find in the filmic message of human mediocrity through greed, selfishness and consumption, where most live under the politics of survival, body and subjectivity, guaranteeing social inequalities, the culture of the drain and social waste. &nbsp

Estado Burguês, Planejamento Econômico e Industrialização no Brasil (1930-1980)

The article aims to discuss the role of the State in the process of constitution, expansion and consolidation of industry in the brazilian peripheral economy. In the first moment, there is an exhibition of what was conventionally called “restricted” industrialization and the constitution of the bourgeois state in Brazil during the Vargas era. In the second, the industrialization that was observed during the implementation of the audacious Plano de Metas proposed by Juscelino Kubistchek is emphasized. In the third and last one, an approach is taken about the consolidation of the industrialization process carried out during the military dictatorship, especially in the period of the so-called economic miracle and in the milestones of the II PND, which was in force between the years 1974-1979, during the government of General Ernesto Geisel. The article consists of a critical review about the Brazilian industrialization process, based, theoretically, on the contributions of authors of the so-called historical-structural method and on the marxist theory of dependence. Â

CIDADANIA REGULADA E ERA VARGAS: A INTERPRETAÇÃO DE WANDERLEY GUILHERME DOS SANTOS E SUA FORTUNA CRÍTICA

Resumo Pretende-se avaliar a fortuna crítica do conceito de cidadania regulada, formulado por Wanderley Guilherme dos Santos, no intuito de apontar como esse se tornou categoria central nos esforços do pensamento político brasileiro em entender a ordem política e social posterior à Revolução de 1930. Por um lado, esse conceito permitiu identificar algumas ambiguidades da chamada Era Vargas e continuidades e rupturas entre esse período e a ditadura militar (1964-85), além de dilemas e possibilidades da redemocratização do Brasil, por outro, tendeu a idealizar certos casos nacionais de modernização, quando comparados aos países de modernização mais tardia.

The Hospital Proletário in João Pessoa: limits and possibilities for worker healthcare (Paraíba, 1930s)

We discuss the attempt to establish the Hospital Proletário in the capital of the state of Paraíba in the 1930s. To this end, we problematized the coverage in the newspaper A União on this episode. The involvement of different actors - workers, associations and physicians - reveals the emergence of a new way of thinking and implementing healthcare policies. According to the Vargas government's national construction plan, actions like this were intended to ensure healthy workers - ready for the market and useful for the country. Despite its failure, the hospital project provided evidence of the different concepts of worker health during the Vargas Era. We identified the concepts of "health interdependence," "social medicine," "regulated citizenship" and the "labor movement."

The actuarial profession and social security in Brazil from the First Republic up to the Vargas Era

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper was to understand the relationships between the consolidation of the actuarial profession and social security policies in Brazil, from the First Republic up to the Vargas Era. In general, there is little literature on the history of the actuarial profession in Brazil. Specifically, there is no study that addresses the relationship between the development of the actuarial profession and the social security policies at the crucial moment of Brazilian social security expansion during the Vargas Era. This paper contributes to filling that gap. From time to time, Brazilian social security reforms are debated. The role of actuaries in this discussion is poorly understood. However, these professionals have historically been essential to social security policies. This article sheds light on that history. The text may broaden the knowledge on the history of the actuarial profession and its relationships with social security policies in Brazil. This is a historical study, built based on primary documentation. Sources were researched relating to the actuarial organizations for social security in Brazil and the actuarial professionals who composed their staff. The references to the professional trajectories of actuaries were crossed and considered in light of the information gathered regarding the actions of the institutions that employed them. The analysis was qualitative and the material was interpreted with the support of the referenced bibliography. This article reveals that the consolidation of the actuarial profession came about based on the participation of engineers-actuaries in the public organizations that supported the varguista social security policies. The paper also contributes to broadening the knowledge on the history of the actuarial profession in Brazil from the First Republic up to the Vargas Era (1930-1945).

O Padre José Maurício Nunes Garcia e os “inventores do Brasil”: a perspectiva sobre o negro dos anos 1930 e o nacionalismo em Arte

&lt;p class="western" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;A visão que começou a ser esboçada na década de 1930, aquela concernente à formação dos conceitos de Nação e Pátria que foram impulsionados pela Era Vargas, imprescindíveis para a estruturação do país enquanto polo industrial da América Latina, veio embasada por revisionistas, que se tornaram conhecidos, posteriormente, como os “inventores do Brasil”. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="western" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Delinearam um modo de pensar o Nacionalismo, reescreveram a História do Brasil sob uma nova perspectiva, estudos sobre a formação racial, cultural e social do país. Este artigo visa a trazer à tona aspectos sociais e antropológicos que tangenciam a biografia e obra do Padre José Maurício Nunes Garcia. Para o delineamento de um passado glorioso, se elegeram algumas figuras importantes para a construção da História Música no Brasil, e para isso utilizaram, como símbolo da Música Colonial, o Padre José Maurício. No entanto, teria sido proposital o ‘embranquecimento’ histórico pelo qual ele passou?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;