Values Of Total Sugars Research Articles

Effect of Cold Storage of Various Pomegranate Cultivars Fruit Juices on Health Promoting Compounds and Their Activities

In this study, the total anthocyanins, ascorbic acid and phenolic content in sixteen different pomegranate cultivars are reported as 2.6-11.6, 3.2-13.6 and 956.5-2450.3 mg/100 g, respectively. Total soluble solid content varied between 12.10-18.10Brix, whereas pH and % titratable acidity values were within the range of 2.87-4.65, and 0.27-3.39, respectively. Total sugar values were ranged 9.6-22.1 g/100g. The total antioxidant capacity of pomegranate cultivars were found to be 2.54-12.4 (ABTS), 5.5-36.2 (DPPH) and 3.9-26.7 (FRAP) µmol TE/g fw. A high correlation between total antioxidant capacity and total anthocyanins (r2= 0.94), ascorbic acid (r2=0.75) and phenolic content (r2=0.94) was observed. Moreover, total anthocyanin, ascorbic acid, total phenolic contents and the antioxidant capacity of four pomegranate cultivars were monitored at the refrigeration temperature for two months. It was shown that ascorbic acid concentrations of the samples significantly decreased during storage, while there was no degradation could be observed in total phenolic concentrations. The degradation of total anthocyanins of Mersin 23 and Mugla 1267 cultivars during storage resulted in a dramatic decrease in the total antioxidant capacity of these samples from 12.36 to 5.6 (µmol TE/g fw) and 9.9 to 5.3 (µmol TE/g fw), respectively. These results demonstrated that ascorbic acid, total anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds are the main contributors for initial total antioxidant capacity and the difference between the cultivars are significant. However, degradation of ascorbic acid was shown to have no significant effect on the total antioxidant capacity unlike the total anthocyanins and phenolic compounds.

Association between intake of total vs added sugar on diet quality: a systematic review.

Given its potential effect on nutrient and energy density, the sugar content of the diet is a subject of controversy. The aim of this review was to examine the cross-sectional or prospective evidence for associations between the intake of total sugar or added sugar (high vs low intakes) and diet quality or nutrient intakes in the general population. The following databases were searched for English-language articles published between 1972 and 2012: CINAHL Plus, EBM Reviews, ERIC, MEDLINE, PREMEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. The search identified studies that examined the association between intake of total sugar and/or added sugar and diet quality (n = 22) or nutrient intakes (n = 30). The following data were extracted: sample size and population, dietary assessment method, source of added sugar data, source of funding, comparator, association between total sugar or added sugar and diet quality, and the direction and magnitude of the association. Of 22 studies, all except 1 found a higher intake of added sugar to be associated with poorer diet quality, and the exceptional study did not adjust for total energy intake. Twenty-one of 30 studies found a negative association between added sugar and micronutrient intakes. The same association was not found for total sugar intake. Any negative association between dietary sugar and diet quality is better exposed by referring to added sugar rather than total sugar. There was substantial variation in features of study quality, including sample size, so the magnitude of the observed effect was generally small and may not be of clinical significance. Furthermore, the positive influence that core foods such as fruit and milk exert on total sugar values may bias the association between total sugar and diet quality.

Laboratory Determined Sugar Content and Composition of Commercial Infant Formulas, Baby Foods and Common Grocery Items Targeted to Children.

Excess added sugar consumption is tied to poor health outcomes in children. The sugar content of beverages and foods children are exposed to is mostly unknown, yet this information is imperative for understanding potential risks from overconsumption of sugars in early life. We determined actual sugar content by conducting a blinded laboratory analysis in infant formulas, breakfast cereals, packaged baked goods and yogurts. One hundred samples were sent to an independent laboratory for analysis via gas chromatography. Sugar content and composition was determined and total sugar was compared against nutrition labels. Of the 100 samples analyzed, 74% contained ≥20% of total calories per serving from added sugars. Nutrient label data underestimated or overestimated actual sugars and ~25% of all samples had actual total sugar values that were either <10% or >10% of labeled total sugar. Many products that are frequently marketed to and consumed by infants and young children contain sugars in amounts that differ from nutrition labels and often in excess of recommended daily levels. These findings provide further support for adding more comprehensive sugar labeling to food and beverage products, specifically those marketed to, or commonly consumed by, children.

Estabilidade física e química de licores de graviola durante o armazenamento em condições ambientais

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, desenvolver e avaliar a estabilidade de licores de graviola acondicionados em embalagens de polietileno durante o armazenamento por 240 dias em condições ambientais. Foram elaboradas 5 formulações de licores variando-se as concentrações de polpa (300, 400 e 500 g) e xarope de sacarose (50, 60 e 70 °Brix). As polpas foram maceradas em álcool comercial por 20 dias; em seguida, as misturas foram filtradas, adicionadas de xarope e submetidas a um envelhecimento acelerado em banho-maria, a 60 °C, pelo período de 2 h. Os licores foram acondicionados em embalagens de polietileno de baixa densidade e armazenados em temperatura e umidade relativa médias de 26 °C e 78%, respectivamente. No tempo inicial e a cada 60 dias de estocagem, por 240 dias, os licores foram submetidos às análises de teor alcoólico, açúcares totais, sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável (ATT), razão SST/ATT, pH, atividade de água e cor (L*, a* e b*). Observou-se que o armazenamento promoveu aumentos significativos (p &lt; 0,05) nos valores de açúcares totais, SST e cromaticidades a* e b*. Os parâmetros de teor alcoólico, atividade de água, pH e luminosidade (L*) foram reduzidos enquanto que a ATT e a razão SST/ATT permaneceram estáveis ao final da estocagem.

Study on Tobacco Flue-Curing Process for Curing Barn which Temperature and Humidity was Auto-Controlled

New flue-curing process which can accommodate new curing barn which temperature and humidity can be auto-controlled was studied. Based on results of the study on new curing barn and the baking theory, the flue-curing process for new curing barn was programmed. Flue-curing results of this new curing process for new curing barn were compared to the results of conventional baking process for conventional barn. The comparison result was that the new process was simple, convenient and easy-running. The quality of cured tobacco leaf from new curing process was improved: proportion of orange tobacco leaf, the first class tobacco leaf and the first/secondary class leaf was improved by 3.38, 4.74 and 2.03 percentage respectively than the value of conventional process. Meanwhile, the value of total sugar, starch, nicotine, total nitrogen, protein and the difference between total sugar and reducing sugar were lower than the result of conventional process. Chemical composition was more balance than conventional process.

Effect of Foliar Spraying by Some Natural Extracts for Improving Snap Bean Production

TWO FIELD experiments were carried out during two summer ……season of 2012 and 2013 at the experimental farm of Kaha Station, Qalubia Governorate, to study the influence of foliar nutrition with some natural stimulants on snap bean plants c.v Poulista using ratios of compost tea 1:10, 1:20 and 1:30 (compost: water), licorice extract, yeast extract stimufol compound as well as hammer compound (seaweed extract) and water as a control. The results indicated that spraying with licorice extract had the highest values on number of leaves/ plant, leaf area, fresh and dry/ plant weight and total pods yield, followed by spraying with compost tea at the ratio of (1:30) and yeast extract, respectively, while the treatment of spraying with water gave the lowest values. The best treatments concerning the fresh and dry pod weight were licorice extract and compost tea (1:20). There was no significant effect of all treatments on plant length, pod length or pod diameter, total leaf chlorophyll, N %, K % and protein % on pods during the two growing seasons. Concerning P % in pods its found that using compost tea (1:20) followed by licorice extract were the best treatments .While, licorice and yeast extracts resulted in the highest values of total sugars in both growing seasons, respectively. Generally, spraying bean plants with any of the experiment treatments, especially licorice extract, compost tea (1:30), yeast and compost tea (1:20), respectively encourage green pod yield with best quality.

Studies on Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Dehydrated Onion Powder

Dehydrated onion powder was prepared by grinding the dried onion slices and stored at room temperature upto 90 days. The samples of dehydrated onion slices used were 2mm thickness, KMS treated solar drier samples (S1 ), 2mm thickness; treated open sun dried (S2 ), 2mm thickness, untreated solar dried, (S3 ) and 2mm thickness, untreated sun dried (S4 ) .Various quality parameters viz., acidity, ascorbic acid, total sugar, reducing sugar and rehydration ratio were evaluated after 15 days interval. The acidity, ascorbic acid and rehydration ratio continually decreased during storage at room temperature, whereas total sugar, reducing sugar increased. In case of acidity, initial and final values of S2 sample was higher in comparison with S1 , S3 and S4 samples. In case of ascorbic acid, the initial and final values were higher for S1 samples in comparison with S1 , S3 and S4 samples. The initial and final values of total sugar and reducing sugar were higher in S 4 sample in comparison with S2 , S3 and S 1 samples. In case of rehydration ratio the initial and final values were higher in S1 sample in comparison with S 2 , S3 , and S4 samples.

USDA Food Patterns Equivalents Database 2007–08

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 provide recommendations on how much to eat from the USDA Food Patterns Groups such as Grains, Dairy, Fruits, Vegetables, and Protein Foods. The research objective was to develop the USDA Food Patterns Equivalents Database 2007–08 for the foods in What We Eat In America, the dietary component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–08, by retooling the methodology that was used to create the MyPyramid Equivalents Database 2003–04. The retooling steps included consolidating the weights of one cup of fruits and vegetables such that similar types of fruits and vegetables will have the same weights; using 16 grams of flour as the basis for defining one ounce equivalent of grains for grain products made of flour and using 28.35 grams as one ounce equivalent of grains for breakfast cereals and grains; estimating added sugars equivalents from the total sugar values of the foods that are defined as added sugars; and defining the amount of alcoholic beverages that contain 14 grams of ethanol as one drink. Selected, day 1 mean intake estimates for individuals 2 years of age and over were: fruits, one cup equivalent of which one‐third came from fruit juice; vegetables, 1.4 cup equivalents of which about one‐fourth was from potatoes and one‐fifth from tomatoes; and dairy, 1.7 cup equivalents. The new methodology simplified the process, without affecting the quality of the data.

Apples Pulp (Pyrus malus) Nutritional Profiling Evaluation of Various Varieties of Balochistan

3 Abstract: The object of this study was to evaluate the nutritive composition of different verities of apples for this twenty different verities of apples commonly available in Balochistan namely Amri, Bluish golden, Bonza, Discovery, Elastar, Florina, Gala, Gloster 69, Golden delicious Grany Smith, Green Sleeves, Ida Red, Kidds orange, Mushadi, Red delicious, Summer red, Tydes Menearly, Samootree, Kaja and Spartan have been quantitatively analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Flame Photometry and other chemical methods. Results show that the fat soluble vitamin A is 0.89mg/100gm (mean) on the other hand the concentration of water soluble vitamin C is 3.8mg/100gm, The mean composition of different mineral is as follows sodium 10.06mg/100gm, potassium 84.43mg/100gm, calcium 15.67mg/100gm, magnesium 11.08mg/100gm, Iron 5.78mg/100gm and phosphorus 12.19mg/100gm. Average Weight and volume of amri apple were comparatively higher i.e., 104.6 gm and 129mL as compared with others. The median pH value is 3.91, the median percentage of moisture, ash and brix is 81.95%, 1.63% and 15.02%, respectively. The percentage of Fat lies between 0.2-5.15%, Fiber lies b/w 1.13 -8.60%, protein lies b/w 0.17-0.74% and pectin lies b/w 0.43-1.63%. The highest value of total sugar of Samootree is comparatively high i.e., 20.13, the concentration of reducing sugar in kaja were comparatively low i.e., 7.10 and the concentration of no n reducing sugar in Green Sleevesis was comparatively higher than other verities i.e., 7.92.

Pollination biology of four sympatric species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae: Orchidinae) from southern Brazil

The pollination process and breeding system of the sympatric Habenaria johannensis, H. macronectar, H. megapotamensis and H. montevidensis was documented for native populations from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. All species investigated offer a nectar reward (mean values of total sugars ranging from 18 to 26%) concealed in a spur. Habenaria montevidensis is pollinated by butterflies (Hesperiidae, especially of the genus Urbanus) that carry pollinaria on their eyes; the other three species are pollinated by Sphingidae. Habenaria johannensis is pollinated by the moths Manduca rustica and M. sexta that carry the pollinaria at the base of the proboscis. Habenaria macronectar is pollinated by the moths Eumorpha labrusca and M. cf. lucetius, and these bear pollinaria between the palpi. Habenaria megapotamensis is pollinated by moths of M. cf. lucetius that bear the pollinaria on the proboscis. All species studied are self-compatible, but pollinator dependent. They also displayed high reproductive success (ranging from 69.48 to 97.40%) and male efficiency factors slightly higher than 1, suggesting that at least one flower was pollinated for each flower acting as pollen donor. At the study sites, the investigated Habenaria spp. are isolated (in terms of pollination) by a set of factors that includes differing floral morphologies, different pollinators and/or different pollinarium placement on the pollinator. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, ••, ••–••.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Quality of Refrigerated Fresh-cut Cherry Peppers

The effect of applying a heat treatment (55 ºC for 60 s) on the evolution of quality parameters of fresh-cut (without the core) peppers (Capsicum annuum, L. cv cherry) stored for 15 days at 10 ºC in crystal polyethylene terephthalate (PET) trays covered with PVC film was studied. During this period, general appearance of the fruit, development of fungi, respiration rate, titratable acidity, pH and total sugar content were evaluated. Results showed that treated samples displayed a better general appearance and lower fungal decay than control fruit at the end of storage. Immediately after heat treatment, no differences in respiration rate values between control and treated fruit were found. However, treated peppers displayed lower respiratory activity than controls during storage. The heat treatment did not affect acidity and pH, and total sugar values were slightly lower than in control fruit. We conclude that treatment at 55 ºC for 60 s reduced fungal attack and maintained de-cored cherry peppers quality during storage at 10 ºC.

Tissue Specific Variation in Biochemical Compositions of Acorus calamus (L.) Leaves and Rhizomes

Sweet Flag (Acorus calamus L.) leaf and rhizome tissues were analyzed for biochemical compositions notably of carbohydrates and lipids. The glycolipid content measured in rhizome tissue was 62.3 mg%/FW almost double the glycolipid content (28.8 mg%/FW) in leaf tissues, whereas the sterol content in the leaf tissue (47.9 mg%/FW) was three times of the sterol content in rhizome tissues (15.5 mg%/FW). Carbohydrates content such as total sugar, reducing sugar, sucrose and fructose measured in leaf and rhizome tissues were more or less similar, with slightly higher values of total sugar (18.2 mg%/FW) in the leaf tissues. The study thus revealed variation in biochemical compositions in two different tissues leaf and rhizome of A. calamus.

Chemical composition and nutritional value of the most widely appreciated cultivated mushrooms: An inter-species comparative study

Herein, it was reported and compared the chemical composition and nutritional value of the most consumed species as fresh cultivated mushrooms: Agaricus bisporus (white and brown mushrooms), Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom), Pleurotus eryngii (King oyster mushroom), Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) and Flammulina velutipes (Golden needle mushroom). Shiitake revealed the highest levels of macronutrients, unless proteins, as also the highest sugars, tocopherols and PUFA levels, and the lowest SFA content. White and brown mushrooms showed similar macronutrients composition, as also similar values of total sugars, MUFA, PUFA and total tocopherols. Oyster and king oyster mushrooms gave the highest MUFA contents with similar contents in PUFA, MUFA and SFA in both samples. They also revealed similar moisture, ash, carbohydrates and energy values. This study contributes to the elaboration of nutritional databases of the most consumed fungi species worldwide, allowing comparison between them. Moreover it was reported that cultivated and the wild samples of the same species have different chemical composition, including sugars, fatty acids and tocopherols profiles.

Efeito do frio sobre os carboidratos solúveis em culturas embriogênicas de Acca sellowiana O. Berg (Myrtaceae)

The pathway of somatic embryogenesis in Acca sellowiana, a fruit tree species with limitations concerning vegetative propagation,was well established but the number of embryos that restart growth after the cotyledonary phase is low. In this work, somatic embryos at different developmental stages obtained after treatments with 2,4-D were submitted to cold (4 °C) during 20 days to induce transformation of embryos into plantlets. High proportion (95%) of somatic embryogenesis was found from zygotic embryos treated with 2,4-D continuously (T1) when compared to transitory treatment with 2,4-D (T2 - 55%). However, T1 induced higher rates (82%) of deformation than T2 (62%). In both treatments, no plantlets were obtained from somatic embryos after cold. In T1, 50% of the embryos cultivated at the globular phase remained quiescent and only embryos at the cotyledonary phase (76%) showed positive responses indicating restart of growth. In T2, only 30% of embryos at cotyledonary phase turned greenish, and presented higher values of total sugars. The carbohydrate analyses showed myo-inositol, glucose, fructose and sucrose as the major components, present in different proportions, the latter decreasing during the culture period. The low levels of raffinose during the growth period and their reduction under cold treatment could be related to changes of the normal somatic embryo development, without accumulation of carbohydrates, thus inhibiting plantlet regeneration.

Fruit Properties and Genetic Diversity of Five Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk) Cultivars

The present study was conducted on five ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk) cultivars (Komethry, Pakstany, Um-sulaem, Toffahy and Peyuan) grown in Saudi Arabia during 2005 and 2006 seasons. The aim of the present study was to investigate fruit properties (fruit weight, length, diameter, shape, specific gravity, seed weight, pulp percentage, total soluble solids (TSS), acidity percentage, TSS/acid, vitamin C content total, reducing and non-reducing sugars). Peyuan cv. had the heaviest fruit weight, fruit volume and reducing sugar content however, it was the lowest in pulp percentage and non-reducing sugars among the five cultivars in both seasons. Toffahy cv. had highest fruit diameter and seed weight while, had lowest TSS %, vitamin C and total sugars values. Um-sulaem cv. had highest acidity percentage and vitamin C content and lowest fruit weight, length and TSS/acid. On the other hand, Pakstany cv. had highest percentage of both pulp percentage, TSS, total and non-reducing sugars. Finally, Komethry had the longest fruit. The molecular characterization and fingerprint identification of the ber cultivars was conducted using the ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats) technique. The ISSR technique was able to uniquely characterize and differentiate between the five ber genotypes. Moreover, the genetic similarity tree showed that the cultivar Um-slaem is genetically distant from the other four cultivars and the two cultivars Pakstany and Komethry were genetically identical.

Yield and quality of grape (Vitis vinifera) cv.Muscat as affected by boron application

A field experiment was conducted with grapes cv.Muscat at Mathampatti, Coimbatore during summer and winter seasons of the year 2000-2001 to find out the effect of sources, levels and methods of B application on the yield and quality of grapes. The results revealed that combined application of 2.0 kg B plus 0.2 per cent foliar spray registered a maximum yield of 24.6 1 ha in winter and 26.15 t ha in summer season. the B:C ratio was higher in agribor (3.54) while in borax and boric acid it was 3.37. The treatment 2.0. kg B+0.2 per cent spray helped to increase the brix and total sugar value of the berries and at the same time reducing the acidity.

Accumulation of sugars during the onset and development of desiccation tolerance in immature seeds of Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) stored moist

AbstractThe viability of Norway maple seeds collected 21 d before mass maturity (68%moisture content, wet basis) and at mass maturity (56% moisture content) was reduced from 52–85% to 0–7% if dried rapidly (at 10–12% r.h. and 15–17°C for 3 d, then 3 d over silica gel) to 4–5% moisture content. Moist storage of the fruits at 15°C improved the ability of the seeds to tolerate rapid desiccation considerably: 10 and 21 d of moist storage enabled seeds collected at mass maturity or 21 d earlier, respectively, to attain maximum desiccation tolerance to 4–5% moisture content. Moist storage and/or subsequent desiccation affected stachyose, sucrose, and to a lesser extent raffinose, concentrations. The oligosaccharide:total sugar ratio showed a similar pattern in relation to ability to germinate after desiccation to 4–5% moisture content among seeds collected on both dates: desiccation tolerance developed from nil to maximal in these seed populations between threshold oligosaccharide:total sugar values of just less than 0.3 and about 0.4.

QUALITY EVALUATION OF WATERMELON VARIETIES (CITRULLUS VULGARIS S.)

ABSTRACTThe physical‐chemical quality (pulp firmness, soluble solid content, sucrose, D‐glucose and D‐fructose concentrations and color measured by tristimulus colorimetry) and sensory quality (flavor, texture and color) of thirteen varieties of watermelon were studied. Quantitative differences were established between the varieties as was the relation between the instrumental and sensorial determinations. Thetriploid (3n) varieties, Apirena, AR‐3404 and AR‐3406, and the diploid (2n), Sugar Baby, showed the highest soluble solids and total sugar values, although the first group was preferred by consumers as regards the three attributes studied. Instrumental analysis of color made it possible to separate clearly the varieties.

Near Infrared Spectrophotometric Determination of Individual Sugars in Aqueous Mixtures

ABSTRACTNear infrared region (NIR) spectrophotometry was used to determine concentrations of glucose, fructose and sucrose in aqueous mixtures at 10, 25, and 40% total sugars. Calibration equations and predicted individual concentrations in each total sugar level are reported. The standard errors of prediction varied between 0.35 and 0.69 and confidence limits ranged from ± 0.7 to ± 1.1%. In developing a single equation for predicting individual sugars in solutions, suitable for use over a range of total sugar concentrations, spectral data needed correction for sample density differences. However, at total sugar concentrations above 25%, accompanying wavelength shifts were of sufficient magnitude that a satisfactory single equation could not be developed. Equations for predicting individual sugars in solutions ranging from 10–25% total sugar concentrations were developed. For higher values of total sugars, appropriate calibrations were necessary.