Rc Values Research Articles

Semantic alignment: A measure to quantify the degree of semantic equivalence for English-Chinese translation equivalents based on distributional semantics.

The degree of semantic equivalence of translation pairs is typically measured by asking bilinguals to rate the semantic similarity of them or comparing the number and meaning of dictionary entries. Such measures are subjective, labor-intensive, and unable to capture the fine-grained variation in the degree of semantic equivalence. Thompson et al. (in Nature Human Behaviour, 4(10), 1029-1038, 2020) propose a computational method to quantify the extent to which translation equivalents are semantically aligned by measuring the contextual use across languages. Here, we refine this method to quantify semantic alignment of English-Chinese translation equivalents using word2vec based on the proposal that the degree of similarity between the contexts associated with a word and those of its multiple translations vary continuously. We validate our measure using semantic alignment from GloVe and fastText, and data from two behavioral datasets. The consistency of semantic alignment induced across different models confirms the robustness of our method. We demonstrate that semantic alignment not only reflects human semantic similarity judgment of translation equivalents but also captures bilinguals' usage frequency of translations. We also show that our method is more cognitively plausible than Thompson et al.'s method. Furthermore, the correlations between semantic alignment and key psycholinguistic factors mirror those between human-rated semantic similarity and these variables, indicating that computed semantic alignment reflects the degree of semantic overlap of translation equivalents in the bilingual mental lexicon. We further provide the largest English-Chinese translation equivalent dataset to date, encompassing 50,088 translation pairs for 15,734 English words, their dominant Chinese translation equivalents, and their semantic alignment Rc values.

Crashworthiness analysis of a novel corrugated multi-cellular tube structure

This study innovatively combines Fourier curves with circular tube design and proposes a novel corrugated multi-cellular tube structure (NCMTS), aiming to improve crashworthiness. The accuracy of the finite element model was validated through axial quasi-static compression tests. The influence mechanism of different structural parameter combinations on the energy absorption capacity of NCMTS was further investigated. The results reveal that the EA of NCMTS increases monotonically with rising of parameter ru , with a notable acceleration in growth rate as parameter Rc is elevated. Notably, the combination of larger values of ru and Rc , and tout and tc can significantly improve the crashworthiness performance. Moreover, appropriately increasing C 1 and C can increase the EA of NCMTS by approximately 50%. Through multi-objective optimization analysis utilizing the global response surface method, the optimal structural parameters for NCMTS were identified: at Rc = 0.68, C = −0.57, C 1 = 0.16, tout = 2.0 mm, tc = 0.68, the EA, SEA and IPCF reached 7.02 kJ, 15.33 kJ/kg and 400 kN respectively. This study offers valuable guidance for the design and optimization of high-performance collision energy-absorbing structures.

Quitosana diminui as perdas fermentativas e melhora a estabilidade aeróbica da silagem de milho reidratado

ABSTRACT: Ensilage of rehydrated corn kernels (RC) has been used to improve nutritional value and facilitate on-farm storage. This study evaluated the effects of chitosan and lactic acid microbial inoculants on rehydrated corn silage microbiology, fermentation profile and losses, chemical composition, in vitro degradation, and aerobic stability. Forty experimental silos were used in a completely random design to evaluate the following treatments: 1) Control (CON): RC silage without additives; 2) Chitosan (CHI): RC silage with 6 g/kg dry matter (DM) of chitosan; 3) Lactobacillus buchneri (LB): RC ensiled with 5 × 105 colony forming units (CFU) of L. buchneri per gram fresh weight; and 4) Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici (LPPA): RC ensiled 1.6 × 105 of L. plantarum and 1.6 × 105 P. acidilactici per gram fresh weight. Additives increased lactic acid bacteria and concentration of lactic and propionic acid, decreased mold and yeast count and gas and fermentative losses, and improved DM recovery. The CHI-silos had lower silage pH, Ammonia-N concentration, fermentative losses, and higher acetic acid concentration compared to microbial inoculated-silos. In addition, CHI and LB decreased silage pH and temperature after aerobic exposure. Although, treatments showed slight effects on the nutritional value of RC, CHI improved aerobic stability and decreaseds fermentation losses.

RF-Sputtered Ti-Based Dielectric Layers as Al-Diffusion Barrier for Passivating Contacts

We investigate TiNx layers deposited via RF magnetron sputtering on their efficacy as a diffusion barrier layer between Al and tunnel oxide passivated contact layer stacks during contact formation in a fast firing process. We obtain implied open-circuit voltage (iVOC) from photo-conductance decay measurements in order to analyse the diffusion barrier quality for different parameter variations. In particular, we show the impact of both higher peak temperature and increased thermal budget (by decreasing the slope of the temperature ramp) on iVoc during the sintering (“fast firing”) process, leading to passivation quality losses. iVOC losses below 1.5% are shown for peak firing temperatures up to 725°C, with absolute values up to 717 mV after firing. Contact formation at this temperature yields median contact resistivity (ρc) values below 3 mΩcm2 with a sheet resistance (Rsheet) of about 40 Ω/□ for the Ti-based layers.

Investigation of the relationship between depth of anesthesia and blink reflex obtained by electrical stimulation in dogs

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the blink reflex and general anesthesia in dogs. Dogs brought for castration or ovariohysterectomy without any other problems were included in the study. In dogs anesthetized for the surgical procedure, anesthesia was kept constant at 2.9 MAC. Following the procedure, the supramaximal electrical stimulation was applied to the supraorbital nerve for every 0.1 MAC value decline, beginning at 2.9 end tidal MAC, and blink parameters were recorded from both orbicularis oculi muscles. The latency, amplitude, duration, and differential latency values of blink parameters obtained independently of MAC under general anesthesia were revealed. At the same time, it was also determined which blink parameters were obtained in which MAC value range. Previous studies have shown that the R2 and RC are highly affected by the level of consciousness, and the RC disappears under general anaesthesia. The R2 value was most commonly obtained between 1.1 and 1.0 MAC, but the dogs did not respond to any stimulus when the R2 value was obtained. However, since previous studies have shown that the level of consciousness affects R2 values, it was assumed that surgical anesthesia may have disappeared in the MAC ranges where this value was measured. The MAC value from which the RC value was obtained was found to be 0.88, and it was assumed that it could be accepted as the average MAC value at which the effect of general anesthesia was eliminated for dogs.

Estimating the transpiration of kiwifruit using an optimized canopy resistance model based on the synthesis of sunlit and shaded leaves

Accurate estimation of transpiration (T) in kiwifruit trees is essential for effective irrigation and water management. Canopy resistance (rc) is crucial for estimating T, but existing models do not fully consider the unique canopy structure and microclimate variations in kiwifruit trees. This study established a rc estimation model based on a synthesis of sunlit and shaded leaves (SSL) and optimized it using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). Using the rc value inverted by the Penman-Monteith model as a standard, we compared the simulation accuracy of the SSL and Jarvis models to identify the optimal model for accurate T estimation under various data availability conditions. The results indicated significant physiological differences between sunlit and shaded leaves, with shaded leaves showing lower net photosynthetic rates and higher stomatal resistance. The optimization SSL model demonstrated improved accuracy over the Jarvis model. The simulation accuracy of the SSL model optimized by the WOA algorithm was the highest, yielding R2, RRMSE, and MAE of rc and T are 0.83, 0.12, 82.55 s m−1, and 0.81, 0.09, 0.23 mm d−1, respectively. In the Jarvis model with different restriction functions the highest accuracy for rc and T, achieved after optimizing by ACO algorithm, yielded R2, RRMSE, and MAE of 0.71, 0.33, 305.94 s m−1, and 0.72, 0.23, 0.65 mm d−1, respectively. Therefore, the SSL model can more accurately estimate the rc and T, and it provides a valuable way for scientific water use and precise irrigation in kiwifruit orchards.

Research on deterioration mechanism of graded gravel in high-speed railway subgrade layer based on machine vision

This study aims to investigate the macro-micro deterioration mechanism of graded gravel under cyclic loading, which is of great significance in revealing the generation mechanism of high-speed railway subgrade defects in service and guiding the subgrade reinforcement. Initially, a precise-rapid quantification method for particle shape based on machine vision was established. To further improve the existing traditional semantic segmentation model (U-Net), a novel semantic segmentation model named VGG16-UNet-CA was established, which incorporated the U-Net, VGG16 model, Bilinear interpolation, and Coordinate attention (CA). Moreover, the high-precision binary images obtained by the established model were imported into Open Source Computer Vision Library (OpenCV) to calculate the particle shape indicators rapidly. Additionally, the cyclic loading tests were carried out to characterize the macro deterioration of graded gravel based on the mechanical indicator dynamic stiffness K, and the key factor of deterioration was explored through the established machine vision method. Finally, biaxial compression models with different deterioration degree were established by Discrete Element Method (DEM) to explore the micro deterioration mechanism. It was found that the segmentation accuracy indicators F1-score, Mean Pixel Accuracy (MPA) and Mean Intersection over Union (MIoU) of VGG16-UNet-CA were 98.56 %, 97.89 % and 98.01 %, which were higher than U-Net, SegNet, PSPNet, and DeepLabv3+. During the cyclic loading, the changes of the equivalent particle diameter De and slenderness ratio Ei of coarse particles in three filler groups were not significant, while the average values of roundness Rc increased by 28 %, 31 % and 25 %, indicating that the coarse particle abrasion was the key factor of deterioration. In the DEM simulation, with the increase of Rc, the mechanical strength of graded gravel decreased and the micro indicators (e.g., sliding rate, strong force chains, and anisotropy parameter an) inside the fillers gradually decreased, while the particle rotation continuously increased. Consequently, the interlocking ability of coarse particles decreased, leading to the bearing capacity and structural stability of particle skeleton reduced. This study not only provides a novel approach to investigate the deterioration mechanism of graded gravel under cyclic loading, which contributes to revealing the generation mechanism of high-speed railway subgrade defects in service, but also provides theoretical support for subgrade reinforcement.

Utility of under-sampled scans with iterative reconstruction and high-frequency preserving transform for high spatial resolution magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.

Under-sampled scans with iterative reconstruction and high-frequency preserving transform (Us-IRHF) can increase the acquisition speed without degrading the image quality by recovering image information from under-sampled data. We investigate the clinical applicability of high spatial resolution magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) images without extending the scanning time using Us-IRHF. A slit phantom was scanned with conventional- (without Us-IRHF), Us-IR- (without HF), and Us-IRHF scanning. The matrix size was 320 × 320 for Us-IR- and Us-IRHF- and 288 × 208 for conventional scanning. Modulation transfer function (MTF) focused on the 1.0 lp/cm gauge for each scanning was calculated. For clinical study we acquired respiratory-triggered 3D MRCP scans with and without Us-IRHF (U+-, U-MRCP) in 41 patients. The matrix size was 320 × 320 for U+- and 288 × 208 for U-MRCP. The acquisition time and the relative duct-to-periductal contrast ratios (RCs) for the right- and left intrahepatic bile-, the common bile-, and the main pancreatic duct were recorded. Visualization of each duct and overall image quality was scored on 5-point confidence scales. For visualization of each duct the score ranged from 1 (not visible) to 5 (visible with excellent details), for the image quality, it ranged from 1 (undiagnostic) to 5 (excellent). Superiority for the qualitative visualization score and non-inferiority for the RC values with prespecified margins were assessed. Phantom study showed that compared to the conventional- and Us-IR (without HF) images, the MTF for the Us-IRHF image revealed the highest response. For clinical study, the mean acquisition time was 161s for U+- and 165s for U-MRCP. For all ducts, the RC value of U+MRCP was non-inferior to U-MRCP and the qualitative visualization score assigned to U+MRCP was superior to U-MRCP. Us-IRHF improved the image quality of high spatial resolution MRCP without extending the scanning time.

Hydrodynamic Performance of Half Pipe Breakwaters Experimentally and Numerically

The main objective of constructing barriers is to safeguard harbours and shores from waves and sea currents. This paper aims at presenting a study on innovative and non-traditional alternatives to breakwaters, experimentally and numerically, to assess the hydrodynamic efficiency of the suggested models in order to choose the most appropriate one. Two models of semi-submersible-type breakwaters have been studied, in the form of a cross-section of a half pipe with an internal diameter and thickness of 30.00 and 1.00 cm, respectively. Model (a) is a circular half-pipe with an upward concave, whereas model (b) has a sideways concave towards the water. Several scenarios for the breakwaters suggested in this study have been simulated using FLOW 3D. The results indicate that the transmission coefficient (Tc), provided by model (b), is 3-7% lower than model (a), while the reflection coefficient (Rc) values for model (b) are 4-8% higher than model (a). The results show that model (b) has a 10% lower (Tc) at d/h = 0.80 compared to d/h = 0.60, while (Rc) is 8% higher at d/h = 0.80 than at d/h = 0.60 for the same model. The suggested breakwater reduces inclined waves' energy more quickly than perpendicular waves. Regarding the hydrodynamic performance, the proposed breakwater in model (b) is shown to be more efficient and effective than the breakwater in model (a), so it is recommended to use it due to its effectiveness in providing protection for coastal wave zones and benefiting from the energy of waves to generate electricity.

Designing a MXene-based heterostructure nanocomposite with extensive interfacing as ions exchange and controllable release inhibitors for intelligent coating

In this work, the surface of I–Ti3C2Tx MXene was modified by (MgAl-)LDH via coprecipitation followed by the introduction of BTA, forming the novel I–Ti3C2Tx@LDH/BTA (ITLB) heterostructure nanocomposites. ITLB acted as a pH-responsive nanocontainer to release benzotriazole (BTA) and adsorbed/captured Cl− ions by ion exchange. ITLB could be systematically arranged within an epoxy matrix, enhancing interface interaction and improving mechanical properties. The ITLB/EP coating exhibited excellent corrosion protection and self-healing performance. The impedance value of the intact ITLB/EP coating was 1011 Ω cm2, which was three orders of magnitude higher than that of EP, and presented the highest Rc and Rct values compared to other coatings throughout the immersion period. When defects in the ITLB/EP coating, ITLB underwent a rapid pH-response to localized corrosion to release BTA, forming a dense protective [BTA-Fe-BTA]n complex with Fe2+ and effectively preventing further corrosion. Thus, ITLB exhibited dual functionality as a nanocomposite corrosion inhibitor, providing both pH-response behavior and intelligent protection. This newly created 2D/2D heterostructure nanocomposite will provide the theoretical basis and technical support for the development of intelligent coatings.

Predictive value of remnant cholesterol for left ventricular hypertrophy and prognosis in hypertensive patients with heart failure: a prospective study

Background and AimRemnant cholesterol (RC) is substantially related to negative outcomes in cardiac patients. Patients with coexisting hypertension and heart failure (HF) often develop left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and have poor prognoses. This study investigated baseline RC levels and LV remodelling and patients’ prognoses.Methods and resultsSix hundred thirty consecutive individuals with hypertension and HF participated in this prospective trial from October 2018 to August 2020. Based on left ventricular mass index (LVMI), 560 those eligible were separated into LVH and non-LVH groups. Multiple linear regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves examined the RC and LV relationship. A Cox regression analysis was conducted to examine the predictive value of RC for clinical outcomes. The LVH group presented significantly elevated values of RC, triglyceride, and cholesterol and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC). The optimal cutoff value for RC to predict LV remodelling was 0.49. The subjects were observed for a median of 58 months, and 104 participants met the primary endpoint. The risk models involving the two Cox models were adjusted to incorporate confounding factors, which revealed that those with elevated baseline levels of RC were more susceptible to cardiovascular mortality, as shown by an increased hazard ratio. (HR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.62–2.26 vs. HR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.43–2.16, P < 0.001).ConclusionsRC is linked to LV remodelling in patients with hypertensive HF, with LVH having greater RC values. Moreover, patients with hypertensive HF who had a higher RC suffered from an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality.Trial registrationNCT 03727828, 21 Oct 2018.

Remnant cholesterol is superior to other lipid-related parameters for the prediction of cardiometabolic disease risk in individuals with hypertension: The Kailuan study

BackgroundIt is uncertain which lipid-related parameter is most suitable for predicting the risk of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) in individuals with hypertension. AimsTo explore which lipid-related parameter is most suitable for predicting the risk of CMD. Methods and resultsWe studied 30,378 patients with hypertension who completed the 2006–2007 Kailuan health examination and followed up until December 31, 2021. In the constructed model, the utilities of lipid-related parameters for the prediction of CMD were compared using the C-index, NRI, and IDI. The best predictor (remnant cholesterol, RC) was identified and the participants were grouped according to RC quartile. Cox proportional hazard analysis was then used to evaluate the relationship between RC and the risk of CMD. During a median follow-up period of 14.7 years (IQR 5.3–15.1), 9502 (31.27 %) participants with hypertension developed CMD. The C-index, NRI, and IDI values for RC were higher than those for the other lipid parameters. After adjustment for multiple potential confounding factors, compared with the quartile (Q)1 RC group, the adjusted hazard ratios for CMD of the Q2–Q4 groups were 1.09 (1.03–1.16), 1.17 (1.11–1.24), and 1.25 (1.18–1.33) (P < 0.0001). Restrictive cubic spline analysis revealed dose-dependent relationships of lipid parameters with the risk of CMD. ConclusionsRC is superior to other lipid parameters for the prediction of the risk of CMD in individuals with hypertension. As the concentration of RC increases, the risk of CMD in such individuals also increases.

Dynamical behavior of a fractional-order epidemic model for investigating two fear effect functions

Using the Caputo operator, a model for a fractional-order epidemic is developed to investigate the fear effect in a pathogenic environment and vaccination procedure. First, we examine if the proposed model is positive. Next, based on the value of the control reproduction number Rc, we compute both the control reproduction and strength numbers and derive the stability criteria of the disease-free equilibrium. In fact, we use the comparison theorem to show that the disease-free equilibrium point is globally asymptotically stable whenever Rc<1. Next, we prove that the solutions of the fractional model exist and are unique. Finally, several numerical simulations are conducted to verify our theoretical results.

Enhancing corrosion resistance and self-healing of water-borne epoxy coatings using Ti3C2Tx-supported tannic acid on UIO-66-NH2

In this study, we developed a composite material comprising UIO-66-NH2 encapsulated tannic acid (TA) loaded on Ti3C2Tx to improve the corrosion resistance of water borne epoxy (WEP) coatings. The successful synthesis of the material was determined by FT-IR, XRD, XPS, EDS, TGA, SEM and TEM characterization. Furthermore, ultraviolet (UV)tests were conducted to evaluate the release rate of TA at varying pH levels, revealing a release rate of approximately 95 % at pH 2. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results over 60 d indicated that the Rc value of TU-T/WEP remained unchanged at 3.934 × 108, demonstrating a two-order magnitude increase compared to those of pure epoxy coatings, attributed to the synergistic active and passive protection of TU-T materials. The self-healing ability of the TU-T/WEP coating was validated through manual scratch experiments. Additionally, the EIS test showed that the Rc value of TU-T/WEP coating increased to 3.5 × 105 after 72 h, representing a two-order magnitude increase over that of the WEP coating alone. This study introduces a novel approach using green tannic acid as a corrosion inhibitor and amino-functionalized Ti3C2Tx with UIO-66-NH2 to enhance corrosion resistance and self-healing aproperties of coatings.

The prognostic role of remnant cholesterol in Asian menopausal women received percutaneous coronary intervention with acute coronary syndrome

BackgroundRemnant cholesterol (RC) exert a significant influence on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease development. However, the prognostic implications of RC in menopausal women received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) who experiencing acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remain uncertain.MethodsRC was derived by subtracting the sum of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from the total cholesterol. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analysis were employed for assessing the correlation between continuous RC levels and composite and individual adverse events in Q1-Q4 quartiles. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves, derived from Cox regression, were employed for analyzing the relationship between RC and both composite and individual adverse events.Results1505 consecutive menopausal women who underwent PCI and diagnosed with ACS were included. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated a progressive reduction in composite adverse event survival rates across the four groups, observed in both the general population and among diabetic individuals, as RC values increased (Log-rank P < 0.001). The analysis of multivariate Cox regression indicated RC remained independently associated with both composite and individual adverse events. ROC analysis showed that RC enhanced the area under the curve both in total and diabetic populations for composite adverse events.ConclusionAmong menopausal women diagnosed with ACS who underwent PCI, heightened levels of RC were found to be independently correlated with an increased occurrence of adverse events.

Analysis of Total Flavonoid Variation and Other Functional Substances in RILs of Tartary Buckwheat, with Near-Infrared Model Construction for Rapid Non-Destructive Detection

According to the requirements of Tartary buckwheat breeding, it is necessary to develop a method for the rapid detection of functional substances in seeds. To ensure a diverse sample pool, we utilized the stable recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of Tartary buckwheat. The coefficients of variation of the total flavonoid, vitamin E (VE), and GABA contents of the RIL population were 15.06, 16.53, and 36.93, respectively. Subsequently, we established prediction models for the functional substance contents in Tartary buckwheat using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with chemometrics. The Kennard–Stone algorithm divided the dataset into training and test sets, employing six different methods for preprocessing spectra. The Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling algorithm extracted the characteristic spectra. The best models for total flavonoid and VE were normalized using the first derivative. The calibration correlation coefficient (Rc) and prediction correlation coefficient (Rp) of the total flavonoid and VE prediction models were greater than 0.94. The optimal GABA prediction model underwent preprocessing via normalization combined with the standard normal variate, and the Rc and Rp values were greater than 0.93. The results demonstrated that the NIRS-based prediction model could satisfy the requirements for the rapid determination of total flavonoids, VE, and GABA in Tartary buckwheat seeds.

Bi-MoSe2 Contacts in the Ultraclean Limit: Closing the Theory-Experiment Loop.

Achieving robust electrical contacts is crucial for realizing the promise of monolayer 2D semiconductors such as semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (s-TMDs) in electronics. Despite recent breakthroughs, a gap remains between the experimental and theoretical understanding of metal-s-TMDs contacts. This study explores bismuth semimetal contacts to monolayer MoSe2, using a platform that minimizes experimental sources of uncertainty; we combine contact-front and contact-end measurements to measure key parameters like specific resistivity (ρc) and transfer length (Lt). We find that the resistivity of MoSe2 under the contacts is enhanced due to charge transfer that can be modeled using a self-consistent approach. In contrast, ab initio calculations of the interlayer charge transfer rate are inconsistent with the measured value of ρc, highlighting the need for new theoretical approaches.

Effect of O2/Ar ratio on the microstructure and tribological properties of Y2O3 films by multi-arc ion plating

Multi-Arc Ion Plating (MAIP) technology was used to deposit yttrium oxide (Y2O3) ceramic thin films on Al2O3 ceramics and silicon wafers. The effects of varying the O-to-Ar gas flow ratio (Rc: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0) and the annealing conditions on the phase composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological performance of the Y2O3 films were assessed. The films deposited at Rc values of 1.0 and 1.5 consisted of a single cubic phase structure. In contrast, films deposited at Rc values of 0.5 and 2.0 contained a small monoclinic phase and the cubic phase structure. The film deposited at an Rc value of 1.0 (oxygen flow rate of 200 sccm) exhibited a dense microstructure, the best mechanical properties (hardness of 14.2 ± 0.191 GPa), and the lowest friction coefficient (0.142 ± 0.003). Furthermore, the colour of the film changed from grey-black to white after annealing at 800 °C for 6 h. The oxygen vacancy of the thin film increased, with improving crystallinity, decreasing hardness and elastic modulus, and increasing grain size, friction coefficient and wear rate. The film exhibited the best tribological properties at 25 °C.

Utilizing wasserstein generative adversarial networks for enhanced hyperspectral imaging: A novel approach to predict soluble sugar content in cherry tomatoes

The soluble sugar content of cherry tomatoes has a significant impact on their flavor, nutritional value, and physiological metabolism. Consequently, the development of a precise and sensitive high-spectral detection model for cherry tomato sweetness is essential for its industrial growth. However, challenges, such as the intricate nature of spectral features and low chemical content in samples, pose obstacles to this endeavor. In this study, the Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network (WGAN) was employed to overcome these challenges and improve modeling fitting difficulties. After multiple iterations, WGAN successfully generated samples that closely resembled the original data. The results demonstrate that the performance of each model was significantly enhanced after the incorporation of the WGAN for auxiliary training. Notably, the improved dataset achieved Rc and Rp values of 0.8853 and 0.7719 for the CNN model, respectively. This study offers an innovative and efficient approach to detect soluble sugar content in cherry tomatoes and provides valuable insights into the application of artificial intelligence in the field of food and agricultural product detection.

Effect of crosslinking density on the self-healing and self-reporting properties of epoxy anti-corrosion coatings

This work developed a novel coating with self-healing and self-reporting performance by embedding polyurethane/poly-(urea-formaldehyde) (PU/UF) microcapsules in a shape memory epoxy polymer. 2’7’-Dichlorofluorescein (DCF) and linseed oil were applied as the coloring agent and healing agent, respectively, which are encapsulated into the PU/UF microcapsules (DL@PU/UF microcapsules) via a facile one-step method. To adjust the shape memory effect and the self-reporting performance of epoxy system, two kinds of curing agents (D230 and D400) were reacted with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy monomer to design a series of coating samples, finally the optimal coating system was selected by three indexes including barrier performance, residual amino content and coating hardness. When the composite coating was damaged, DCF can flow out of the broken microcapsules and react with the residual amino groups in the epoxy coating matrix, which can be recognized red signals in natural light and yellow fluorescent signals under ultraviolet light irradiation. More importantly, the excellent self-reporting property of the coating can be achieved on various metal substrates that broaden the application range of the coating. As for self-healing performance, the damaged coating can be healed quickly due to the shape memory effect of the coating as well as the filling of linseed oil in the scratched region. The Rct value of the healed coating containing 6 % DL@PU/UF microcapsules after immersing in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 5 days was more than 3 times that of the scratched coating, and the Rc value was about 16 times that of the scratched coating, indicating its corrosion protection performance. The novel coting not only achieve timely self-reporting ability of color and fluorescence, but also rapidly repair the coating damage, which is essential to practical applications.