Values Of Quality Parameters Research Articles

Characterization Study of Dyes Photodegradation-Adsorption Products by TiO2-Chitosan Immobilized on Glass Beads using Flow System

Dyes have a complex molecular structure that is difficult to degrade and can persist for a long time in water bodies. This study examines more thoroughly the effectiveness of photodegradation-adsorption of dyes, kinetic aspects, isotherms, thermodynamics, identification of the structure of photodegradation products, and changes in environmental quality parameter values whose results are quite satisfactory. The combination of photodegradation-adsorption of dyes by TiO2-chitosan modified glass beads using a flow system has never been accomplished before. Flowing of the dye resulted in a dye degradation efficiency of 99%. The FESEM-EDX analysis shows that TiO2-chitosan has been coated onto the surface of the glass beads. R2 of kinetics MB, MO, RB are 0.99234, 0.9889, 0.9971, which were pseudo-first order. Qm, KL, R2 are 6.4382, 0.70533, 0.99923; 16.7364, 1.42059, 0.98816; 6.0078, 1.06973, 0.99889, respectively. The ∆H, ∆S, ∆S of -9.388, -0.024, -1.979; -27.182, -0.078, -3.592; -4.819, -0.017, 0.464 indicate the exothermic and spontaneous reaction. COD, TOC, pH, turbidity values have reached the threshold required by the government. The degradation products formed during the photodegradation-adsorption process were identified using LC-MS that the structure of the dye has been degraded to become simpler so that it is safely disposed of into the environment.

Blackwater Communal Septic Tank Domestic Waste Treatment into Clean Water with Multilevel Filter Method, Wetland, Lotus Fish Pond, Continued to Aquaponics IPAL in Terms of TSS and TDSA

Blackwater or domestic waste is a type of liquid waste that requires adequate treatment so as not to pollute the environment. The effectiveness of wastewater treatment can be increased by using multilevel filters and aquatic plants as remediation agents. This study aims to improve the quality of communal domestic wastewater (WWTP) by reducing the value of domestic waste quality parameters. This study used an aquatic plant used as a Blackwater remediation agent, namely Roots Wangi (Vetiveria zizanoides). The independent variables in this study were plant distance, residence time, and plant root depth. The parameters observed were TSS (total suspended solid), TDS (total dissolved solid). The stratified filter consists of an arrangement of gravel, charcoal and sand, and the residence time is divided into a maximum of 60 days while waiting for the plants to thrive. The methods used are: Cleaning all WWTP ponds, preparing vetiver and hydroponic plants, preparing 3” PVC and holes, preparing multilevel filter gabions with weir mesh and plates, preparing multilevel filter materials, namely sand, gravel, and coconut shell charcoal. The implementation is: 3 multilevel filter packages, installation of fragrant root wetland plants in the 2nd pond, making fish and lotus ponds, aquaponics in WWTP. The data analysis method used is factor analysis. The results of the analysis show statistical similarities between vetiver plants and wastewater quality parameters, the formula is TSS = 142,395–1,865 * Wetland + e dan TDS = 1007,441–9,839 * Wetland + e. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of multilevel filters, vetiver ponds, fish lotus ponds, aquaponics will significantly reduce the TSS and TDS parameters.
 Keywords: clean water, waste water, wetland, lotus fish pond

Enrichment of Argan [Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels] Oil with Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Stigma Powder and Induced Changes in Oil Quality Attributes

Argan oil (AO) is a globally reputed vegetable oil thanks to its nutritional and cosmetic value. AO oxidation induces changes that result in a low quality. In this research, we aimed at fortifying AO using saffron stigmas powder (SSP) and assessing its quality. Dried and grounded saffron stigmas were added to AO at three different concentrations (0.2, 0.5, and 1%). All enriched AOs were stored for six consecutive months under two conditions, namely, light and darkness. Quality indices including free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), and specific extinction coefficients K232 and K270 as well as profiling of fatty acids, sterols, and tocopherols were monitored on a monthly basis. Our outcomes reveal that the addition of SSP improved AO oxidation parameters by significantly decreasing ( p < 0.05 ) FFA, PV, K232, and K270 of enriched AO (EAO) as compared to unenriched AO (UAO) especially when AO samples are stored in darkness. Such decrease of oxidation parameters was SSP dose-dependent as a general trend. However, AO enrichment did not induce significant changes ( p < 0.05 ) in fatty acid and sterol profiles. Furthermore, the quality parameter values of EAO and UAO did not exceed the limits set by the Moroccan standard throughout the storage period. Sensory analysis results indicate that EAO showed a low rancidity but high scores of saffron smell, flavor, and color as compared to UAO especially with SSP 1%. In conclusion, AO enrichment using SSP could be used to improve AO oxidative stability and its nutritional value.

Physicochemical Properties and Botanical Sources of Honey from Different Areas of Ethiopia: An Implication for Quality Control

Honey is one of the important food commodities due to its nutritional and medicinal values. However, the issue of its quality and authenticity remain as important factors in consumption and marketing. This study was aimed at determining the botanical sources and quality parameters of honey samples collected from different areas of Ethiopia. The botanical sources of honey were analyzed using the melissopalynological method. Sugar profiles were analyzed using HPLC, and physicochemical properties were determined following the harmonized methods of honey analysis. Diverse plant species, including Schefflera abyssinica, Eucalyptus spp., Guizotia abyssinica., Echinops spp., Coffee arabica, Bersama abyssinica, and Rumex spp., were identified as dominant sources of honey. However, honey from the Gimbo district contains no pollen fingerprints, and its source has remained unknown. The average values of honey sugar compositions ranged from 30.3–46.7%, 29.9–40.3%, 15.0–22.2%, and 0.28–4.4% for fructose, glucose, sucrose, and maltose, respectively. Although the quality parameter values of most honeys fit the acceptable range of national and international honey quality standards, honeys collected from Guassa district revealed some abnormal characteristics. This abnormality may be related with poor handling, processing, or suspected for honey adulteration. Thus, regular testing and monitoring of honey quality are crucial in order to maintain its natural properties as well as control the current widespread practice of honey adulteration in Ethiopia.

The Effect of Freezing Raw Material on the Quality Changes and Safety of Salted Anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus, Linnaeus, 1758) at Cold Storage Conditions

This study demonstrates the effects of the freezing and frozen storage of anchovies prior to brining and dry-salting on quality changes and food safety during refrigerated storage (4 ± 1 °C). Fresh anchovies were divided into two groups, one of which was used as a control representing fresh raw material; the other was the experimental group and consisted of frozen and thawed anchovies stored at −18 °C for a year. Five different salt concentrations were used for brining (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%) in addition to the dry-salting method. Microbiological, chemical, physical and sensory analyses were carried out during storage. Salt concentration and salting method had significant effects on the shelf-life of salted anchovy products, with the highest shelf-life corresponding to dry-salted anchovies (p < 0.05). The effect of using frozen and thawed raw materials for salting on the shelf-life depended on the processing method since the experimental dry-salted group had a shelf-life one month longer than that of the control group, while the opposite situation occurred for the brined samples, with one exception. Strong correlations were usually found between sensory values and chemical quality parameters (R2: 0.83–0.99 for the control group and 0.63–0.99 for the experimental group). The results demonstrated that the experimental group, with some exceptions, had better values for most quality and food safety parameters in comparison to the control group, indicating the advantage of using frozen and thawed raw materials before salting to prevent spoilage and enhance food safety. Considering that the experimental group was produced from one-year-stored raw material compared to the control group, the advantage of the freezing and frozen storage of anchovies can be accepted as much higher versus when freezing is not implemented. The positive effect is due to the fact that frozen anchovies absorb salt faster after thawing, especially in groups with high salt concentrations. Therefore, it can be concluded that frozen salted anchovies can be utilized for longer as they have a longer shelf-life, particularly when using either the 30% brining or dry-salting method.

Utilization of Fermented Coconut Epidermis Using Oncom Mushroom (Neurospora sitophila) on the Growth Performance of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fingerlings

This study aims to analyze the effect of feed based on coconut husk waste fermented Neurospora sitophila on the growth of red tilapia, and to determine the optimal dose of coconut husk waste. This research was carried out in May – June 2021, at the Aquaculture Laboratory Building IV, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University Bandung, West Java45363 Indonesia. This study used a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications. Treatment A (Control), Treatment B (feed containing 25% coconut husk filler), treatment C (feed containing 50% coconut husk filler), and treatment D (feed containing 75% coconut husk filler). Parameters observed were Specific Growth Rate, Feed Conversion Ratio, Survival Rate, Feed characteristics and water quality (Temperature, pH, DO, Ammonia). The results showed that treatment C(feed containing 50% of coconut husk filler) gave significantly different results in the parameters of SGR and FCR, but not significantly different in survival rates. Water quality parameter values ​​are in good condition for the growth and survival of red tilapia. The highest SGR value in treatment C was 1.26%. The lowest FCR value was in treatment C of 1.90. The most optimal dose of fermented coconut husk for the growth of red tilapia is treatment C.

Change in the air due to the coronavirus outbreak in four major cities of India: What do the statistics say?

The onset of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has impacted all sectors of society. To avoid the rapid spread of this virus, the Government of India imposed a nationwide lockdown in four phases. Lockdown, due to COVID-19 pandemic, resulted a decline in pollution in India in general and in dense cities in particular. Data on key air quality indicators were collected, imputed, and compiled for the period 1st August 2018 to 31st May 2020 for India's four megacities, namely Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Hyderabad. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and machine learning technique e.g. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with the inclusion of lockdown dummy in both the models have been applied to examine the impact of anthropogenic activity on air quality parameters. The number of indicators having significant lockdown dummy are six (PM2.5, PM10, NOx, CO, benzene, and AQI), five (PM2.5, PM10, NOx, SO2 and benzene), five (PM10, NOx, CO, benzene and AQI) and three (PM2.5, PM10, and AQI) for Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Hyderabad respectively. It was also observed that the prediction accuracy significantly improved when a lockdown dummy was incorporated. The highest reduction in Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) is found for CO in Hyderabad (28.98%) followed by the NOx in Delhi (28.55%). Overall, it can be concluded that there is a significant decline in the value of air quality parameters in the lockdown period as compared to the same time phase in the previous year. Insights from the COVID-19 pandemic will help to achieve significant improvement in ambient air quality while keeping economic growth in mind.

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT REARING CONTAINERS COLORS ON THE COLOR BRIGHTNESS OF THE BARBIR FISH (Puntius conchonius)

This study aims to to determine the container color that is effective in increasing the brightness of the color of Barbir fish (Puntius conchonius). The research was carried out from June to August 2022 at the Aquatic Animal Physiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University. This study used a complete randomized block design (RAL) experimental method with five treatments and three replications. The treatment consisted of five treatments namely control A (colorless container), blue container (B), yellow (C), Green (D) and orange (E). The treatment is given for 60 days. Parameters observed include absolute length and weight growth, color brightness, survival rate and water quality (temperature, DO and pH). The results showed that the growth parameters with the highest value obtained in the orange background color treatment (treatment E, including the growth of absolute length of 0,27 ± 0,076 cm and the growth of absolute weight of 0,12 ± 0,014 g, as well as parameters of color brightness with an increase in color score in Toca color finder (TCF) reached 1.5 on the body; 1,8 on the serip chest; and 1,6 on the tail. The value of water quality parameters are in normal conditions (temperature ranges from 24,2-28oC; DO ranges from 5,8-8,5 mg/l; and pH ranges from 6,89-7,62) so that both the survival rate of Barbir fish that is equal to 100%.Keywords: Puntius conchonius, container, background color, color brightness level, Orange

THE APPLICATION OF YEAST AND LACTIC ACID BACTERIA IMPROVE GROWTH AND INTESTINAL STRUCTURE OF TIGER SHRIMP LARVAE Penaeus monodon Fab.

This study aims to investigate the effect of the different concentration of RABAL (yeast and lactic acid bacteria) probiotics on the survival, feed conversion, growth and intestinal cells changes of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fab. larvae. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with 4 treatments and 4 replications. Tiger shrimp with average size of 0.02 g was randomly stocked in each container containing RABAL with concentration of 0 ppm (A/control), 75 ppm (B), 150 ppm (C), and 225 ppm (D) with frequency once a day for 30 days. Data were analysed using one way ANOVA. The result showed that the application of RABAL with different doses into the shrimp culture media significantly influences (P0.05) the growth and food conversion ratio of tiger shrimp feed but did not significantly affect (P 0.05) on the survival rate. The value of water quality parameters in this study were still at normal levels for tiger shrimp rearing. As conclusion, the application of probiotics RABAL with different concentrations have positive effect on the absolute weight, absolute length, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and intestinal villi surface area of tiger shrimp larvae, without adverse effect on the survival rate of tiger shrimp seed.

KEPADATAN MAKROZOOBENTOS DI PERAIRAN PEUNAGA RAYEUK, KECAMATAN MEUREUBO, KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT

Macrozoobenthos are aquatic organisms that live on the bottom and surface of the waters, and are influenced by bottom substrate and water quality. This study aimed at determining the density of macrozoobenthos in Peunaga Rayeuk Waters, Meureubo District, West Aceh Regency in terms of species composition, diversity, uniformity, and dominance. This research was conducted from May to June 2021 in the waters of Peunaga Rayeuk, Meureubo District, West Aceh Regency. Purposive random sampling was employed to collect the data in four stations. Based on the results of the study, 15 types of macrozoobenthos grouped into 3 classes were found, namely bivalves, gastropods and malokostraca. The macrozoobenthos density values at four stations ranged from 308.52 to 1357.49 ind/m2. The percentage value of macrozoobenthos composition by class showed that bivalves had the lowest percentage, as much as 13%, and the highest percentage was the gastropods, as much as 54%. The diversity index (H) ranged from 1.21 to 3.31 which was classified as medium to high category. The uniformity index (e) ranged from 0.81 to 0.92 and was classified as high category, while the Dominance Index (C) ranged from 0.21 to 0.54 and categorized as low to moderate category. The water quality parameter values was still in normal conditions and support the life of macrozoobenthos

Predictive Modeling of Yarn Quality at Ring Spinning Machine using Resilient Back Propagation Neural Networks

The final attenuation and twisting of fiber take place at ring spinning machine and hence its optimized performance is very crucial in terms of yarn quality. Drafting at ring spinning machine has a decisive effect on quality. There exist many influencing parameters in the spinning geometry that have to be optimized for manufacturing of quality yarn. The present research work was carried out to develop the Artificial neural networks (ANN) based prediction model for the polyester/cotton blended ring spun yarns by using these influencing parameters as inputs. ANN prediction model was developed using resilient backpropogation algorithm. Yarn quality parameters like yarn evenness, hairiness and tensile parameters were predicted. The low mean absolute error values for the yarn quality parameters proved that it is possible to predict the yarn quality on the basis of spinning geometry for cotton/polyester blended ring spun yarns using Resilient Back Propogation Neural Networks.

The effect of air quality parameters on new COVID-19 cases between two different climatic and geographical regions in Turkey.

Different health management strategies may need to be implemented in different regions to cope with diseases. The current work aims to evaluate the relationship between air quality parameters and the number of new COVID-19 cases in two different geographical locations, namely Western Anatolia and Western Black Sea in Turkey. Principal component analysis (PCA) and regression model were utilized to describe the effect of environmental parameters (air quality and meteorological parameters) on the number of new COVID-19 cases. A big difference in the mean values for all air quality parameters has appeared between the two areas. Two regression models were developed and showed a significant relationship between the number of new cases and the selected environmental parameters. The results showed that wind speed, SO2, CO, NOX, and O3 are not influential variable and does not affect the number of new cases of COVID-19 in the Western Black Sea area, while only wind speed, SO2, CO, NOX, and O3 are influential parameters on the number of new cases in Western Anatolia. Although the environmental parameters behave differently in each region, these results revealed that the relationship between the air quality parameters and the number of new cases is significant.

Electrochemical treatment of real cotton fabric industry wastewater using copper and stainless steel electrodes

Abstract Real cotton fabric industry wastewater (CFIWW) was treated using the novel electrochemical coagulation (ECC) technology by stainless steel (SS) and copper (Cu) electrodes for applied cell current 1.5 and 4.4 A for a maximum electrolysis time of 30 min. Pre-characterization of CFIWW before ECC showed higher values of chemical oxygen demand (COD), colour, chloride, alkalinity and other quality parameters. Removal of COD and total dissolved solids (TDS) was 97 and 94% for 30.2 V and 4.4 A while using a Cu electrode. The ECC obtained sludge produced 3.13 g/L for Cu and 11.2 g/L for SS for 4.4 A, and 0.43 and 3.98 g/L for 1.5 A. The analysis of ECC sludge was conducted using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The SEM images of ECC sludge showed unstructured, irregular morphology with uneven edges and rough surfaces. The elemental composition of sludge was studied using EDS showing the presence of copper, oxygen, sodium, sulphur and iron. The FT-IR spectra of ECC sludge for Cu- and SS-mediated ECC-generated sludge showed the presence of alcohol and carboxyl groups at several wave numbers. The specific energy consumption (SEC) for Cu was lower than SS.

Hybrid volatilomics in cancer diagnosis by HS-GC-FID fingerprinting

Assessing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as cancer signatures is one of the most promising techniques toward developing non-invasive, simple, and affordable diagnosis. Here, we have evaluated the feasibility of employing static headspace extraction (HS) followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) as a screening tool to discriminate between cancer patients (head and neck—HNC, n = 15; and gastrointestinal cancer—GIC, n = 19) and healthy controls (n = 37) on the basis of a non-target (fingerprinting) analysis of oral fluid and urine. We evaluated the discrimination considering a single bodily fluid and adopting the hybrid approach, in which the oral fluid and urinary VOCs profiles were combined through data fusion. We used supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis for classification, and we assessed the prediction power of the models by analyzing the values of goodness of prediction (Q2Y), area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. The individual models HNC urine, HNC oral fluid, and GIC oral fluid successfully discriminated between healthy controls and positive samples (Q2Y = 0.560, 0.525, and 0.559; AUC = 0.814, 0.850, and 0.926; sensitivity = 84.8, 70.2, and 78.6%; and specificity = 82.3; 81.5; 87.5%, respectively), whereas GIC urine was not adequate (Q2Y = 0.292, AUC = 0.694, sensitivity = 66.1%, and specificity = 77.0%). Compared to the respective individual models, Q2Y for the hybrid models increased (0.623 for hybrid HNC and 0.562 for hybrid GIC). However, sensitivity was higher for HNC urine and GIC oral fluid than for hybrid HNC (75.6%) and hybrid GIC (69.8%), respectively. These results suggested that HS-GC-FID fingerprinting is suitable and holds great potential for cancer screening. Additionally, the hybrid approach tends to increase the predictive power if the individual models present suitable quality parameter values. Otherwise, it is more advantageous to use a single body fluid for analysis.

Ten Years Variation of Air Quality over An Giang Province, Vietnam

The study aimed to assess the evolution of ambient air quality in An Giang province during 2010-2020. Air samples collected in urban areas, traffic, tourism, industrial clusters, brick kilns, quarries, landfills, and background areas were analyzed for temperature (T), noise, total suspended particulates (TSP), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxides (SO2), ozone (O3), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and hydrogen fluoride (HF). The findings were compared with the Vietnamese standard on air quality. Pearson correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to recognize the correlation between pollutants and potential pollution sources. The results showed that the average values of air quality parameters in An Giang province during the study period temporally fluctuated but within the allowable limits. Moreover, the air quality parameters were well correlated, especially temperature and ozone. Three PCs obtained from PCA could explain 87.50% of the air quality variations with a significant contribution of all parameters. It is found that CO, NO2 and SO2 originated mainly from traffic and urban areas. While NH3 and H2S were dominant in the landfill areas, HF was from brick kilns. Consequently, the traffic and urban areas are considered the most influential contributors to air pollution in the study area.

Effect of Nano NPK Fertilizers on Growth and Fruit Quality of Sapota (Manilkara achras Mill Fosberg) Cv. Kalipatti

The study was conducted in the Department of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra, Bengaluru during the year 2020-2022 to investigate the “Effect of nano NPK fertilizers on growth and fruit quality of sapota (Manilkara achras Mill Fosberg) Cv. Kalipatti”. The experiment was planned with randomized complete block design (RCBD) consisting of 12 treatments and 3 replications. During both the years (2020-2021 and 2021-2022) as well as from pooled data indicates that the maximum plant height (3.64 m, 3.78m and 3.71 m respectively), plant spread at East-West direction (8.26 m, 9.40 m and 8.83 m respectively) and North- South direction (8.24 m, 8.71m and 8.48 m respectively) was noticed in the treatment T10 (50% RDF + 0.3% Nano NPK fertilizer foliar spray) and maximum chlorophyll content (2.30 mg/ g) was noticed in the treatment T9 (50% RDF + 0.2% Nano NPK fertilizer foliar spray) during the year 2021-2022. The maximum values for quality parameters like TSS (22.33 oBrix), reducing sugar (9.31 %), total sugars (22.18 %), shelf life of fruits (7 days) and fruit firmness (74 N) were noticed in treatment T9 (50 per cent of RDF and foliar application of 0.2% of nano NPK fertilizer) during the year 2021-2022. Among all the different treatments T10 (50 per cent of RDF and foliar application of 0.3% of nano NPK fertilizer) and T9 (50 per cent of RDF and foliar application of 0.2% of nano NPK fertilizer) were proved significant improvement for tree growth and fruit quality of sapota respectively.

Application of ARIMA Kalman Filter with Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Fuzzy Logic to Improve Indoor Air Quality Index Estimation

Air quality monitoring is a process that determines the number of pollutants in the air, one of which is indoor air quality. The Fuzzy Indoor Air Quality Index was developed in this research. It is a method for determining the indoor air quality index using sensor fusion and fuzzy logic. By combining several different time series determinants of air quality, a fuzzy logic-based sensor fusion method is used to build a knowledge base about indoor air quality levels. Without the use of complicated calculation models, fuzzy logic-based fusion will make it easier to determine indoor air quality levels based on various sensor parameters. The input for fuzzy-based data fusion is obtained from the ARIMA method with Kalman Filter's air quality parameter values estimation. The application of ARIMA with a Kalman Filter was used to improve the accuracy of indoor air quality estimation in this study. ARIMA(3,1,3) had a MAPE of 0.1 percent on the CO2 dataset, and ARIMA(1,0,1) had a MAPE of 0.63 percent on the TVOC dataset based on approximately three experimental days. ARIMA (3,1,3) estimation with a Kalman Filter results in a MAPE of 0.03 percent for the CO2 dataset and a MAPE of 0.24 percent for ARIMA(1,0,1) Kalman Filter estimation on TVOC dataset. As a result, the Fuzzy Indoor Air Quality Index (FIAQI) developed in this research reasonably estimates indoor air quality. This can be seen by examining the percentage of estimation errors obtained from the experiment.

Lake management under severe drought: Lake Mead, Nevada/Arizona

AbstractDrought can affect both the quantity and quality of water in lakes and reservoirs, yet larger, highly managed waterbodies, such as Lake Mead, may be somewhat buffered from drought effects. From 2000 to present, Lake Mead has experienced a 71% decline in volume; however, influent water quality has remained high and consistent outflow volumes through Hoover Dam have been maintained. Furthermore, management activities, such as increased removal of phosphorus by wastewater dischargers and legacy contamination cleanup efforts, have been initiated since the drought began. These efforts have led to small improvements in values of water quality parameters, such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and perchlorate, despite loss of volume for dilution of constituents, and consequently, decreased residence time. As the drought continues, Lake Mead is projected to continue declining in volume, inflows are projected to become warmer, and the population of Las Vegas is projected to grow, potentially adding additional stress to the hydrologic system. Maintenance of outflow may mitigate some potentially negative consequences, and understanding the drivers behind continued high water quality despite prolonged drought is important to continue to maintain the health and vitality of the entire Lower Colorado River Basin.

Sedimentary Nutrient Dynamics in Homestead Fishpond Systems from a Subtropical Coastal Area

Homestead ponds are small seasonal ponds that are rarely utilized for fish farming. Culturing fish in these small ponds can boost household fish consumption and cash inflow. The availability of nutrients in the water and sediment, however, plays a significant role in the pond’s natural productivity. This study was conducted to assess nutrient contents and some key physical parameters in the bottom sediments of 30 homestead ponds from the central coast along the Northern Bay of Bengal. Analyses of results showed the average values (±SD) of temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter (OM), organic carbon (°C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) were 17.8 ± 1.12 °C, 7.29 ± 0.11, 0.41 ± 0.09 mS/cm, 29,615.48 ± 10,528.9 mg kg−1, 11,958 ± 6107 mg kg−1, 1030.6 ± 252 mg kg−1, 17.1 ± 13.5 mg kg−1 and 32.6 ± 19.7 mg kg−1 during winter and 27.2 ± 1.81 °C, 6.73 ± 0.12, 0.38 ± 0.17 mS/cm, 19,100.01 ± 13,739.07 mg kg−1, 11,079 ± 7969 mg kg−1, 955 ± 229.4 mg kg−1, 26.6 ± 20.2 mg kg−1 and 23.4 ± 15.9 mg kg−1 during pre-monsoon, respectively. One-way ANOVA revealed no significant differences in the mean value of sediment quality parameters among the selected ponds (p > 0.05) except for phosphorus in the winter season (p < 0.05). The sediment quality variables were found to be in the suitable range for fish culture. Pearson’s correlation coefficient values (r) showed that only organic carbon and nitrogen had a strong significant correlation with organic matter (p < 0.05). Based on Cluster Analysis (CA), two major associations among the nutrients were attained at a 15% similarity level: C, OM, and N in one cluster and P and S in another. The findings showed that the parameters were within the preferable range for aquaculture, and the homestead ponds are average productive ponds.

Analysis of Physical and Chemical Conditions in Sidakarya Coastal Waters, Bali

Sidakarya Coast is one of the developing ecotourism and fisheries areas in Denpasar City, Bali Province. This area has ecotourism and fishery potential that needs to be maintained so that ecotourism and fishery activities that depend on this area can enjoy economic prosperity. Activities around the coast of Sidakarya, such as ecotourism, housing areas, traditional fisheries, and agriculture, have indirectly affected the quality of coastal waters. This research was one of the efforts to identify the physical and chemical parameters of the coastal waters, including, salinity, temperature, DO (Dissolved oxygen), water transparency and pH. This research was conducted in April 2021 with five measurement points of water quality factors. Measurement location determination using the purposive sampling method. Water quality analysis was carried out by comparing the measurement results with values of water quality standards based on the State Minister Decree of the Environment Number 51 of 2004 for marine tourism and marine biotas and reffering to the State Minister Decree of the Environment Number 115 of 2003 concerning Rules for determining the situation with quality of water. The measurement results showed the value of Sidakarya water quality parameters ranging from 30.2-30.6 °C for temperature, 0.6-5 meter for water transparency, 29.7-33.7°/oo for salinity, 4.94-7.04 mg/l for DO and 6.9-7.4 for pH. The results obtained that the condition of Sidakarya waters in general still meets the water quality; only the water transparency parameter at the location near the estuary was below the quality standard. The after effects of the estimation of the pollution index (PI) on each sampling station show the PI value <1 or meets the quality standards for marine biota (stations 1 and 2) and meet the quality standards for marine tourism (stations 3,4 and 5). The results indicated that Sidakarya waters can still be developed for ecotourism areas and limited fisheries.