Values Of PEFR Research Articles

ROLE OF SHORT TERM YOGA ON PULMONARY FUNCTIONS OF YOUNG AND MIDDLE AGED HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS

Background and Objective: Yoga attracts people primarily as an easy way to good health. Yogic techniques are known to improve one’s overall performance and working capacity. So, our study aimed to evaluate the pulmonary functions in healthy individuals aged 20 to 65 years before and after short duration yoga training and to evaluate the differential effects between young and middle aged individuals. Methods and Material: A comparative prospective study involving 52 healthy individuals aged 20 to 65 years. The study group was divided into two according to age Group I (age=20-40 yrs, young adults) and Group II (age=40-65 yrs, middle aged). Pulmonary function parameters like Breath Holding Time, 40 mmHg Endurance Test, Vital Capacity, FEV1% and PEFR were recorded before and after two weeks yoga training. The mean values of parameters were compared within and between groups before and after yoga training. Results: We found statistically significant higher values of 40 mmHg Endurance Test and PEFR in Group I compared to Group II before yoga training. Also found statistically significant improvements of the pulmonary function parameters in Group I as well as Group II after short term yoga training but the effects were more prominent in Group I. There is statistically significant higher values of PEFR in Group I compared to Group II after yoga training. Conclusion: This study showed beneficial effects of short term yoga on pulmonary function parameters in healthy subjects aged 20 to 65 years, particularly in young adults.

Obesity and spirometric ventilatory status correlation in adult male population of Amritsar

Aims & Objective: To study the effects of obesity on the lung functions in adult male population of Amritsar Materials and methods: Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) of normal, healthy, non-obese males and healthy but obese males of Amritsar were determined and were compared and correlated. Criteria for obesity in our study taken were according to WHO criteria of BMI. The PFTs were carried out with a computerized spirometer “Med-Spiror”. The data was collected; compiled, statistically analysed and valid conclusions were drawn. Higher lung volumes and flow rates were achieved. Results: There was statistically highly significant decline in FVC in obese when compared with nonobese groups. The values of FEV1 in both groups when were compared showed significant changes. The ratio of FEV1/FVC, the values of PEFR and FEF25- 75% showed insignificant changes but MVV when were compared showed highly significant changes. Conclusion: There is decline of various respiratory functions in obesity. The cause of decline of various respiratory functions in obesity may be due to decrease in distensibility of chest wall or limited expansion of thoracic cavity and is the cause for reduced ventilatory volumes and total lung capacity.

REGRESSION MODEL FOR THE ESTIMATION OF PREDICTED VALUES OF FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUMES IN FIRST SECOND (FEV1) BY PREDICTED VALUES OF PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE (PEFR) IN YOUNG MEN

PURPOSE: FEV1 is accepted as gold standard of the assessing airway caliber which needs spirometer. Despite of FEV1, PEFR could be evaluated by simple peak flow meter instruments, so it will be very helpful to be able to estimate the amount of FEV1 in a patient by his or her PEFR. The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between the predicted values of FEV1 and PEFR in patients underwent methacholin challenge test (MCT) and design regression model of their correlation.

Addition of intravenous aminophylline to beta2-agonists in adults with acute asthma.

Aminophylline has been used extensively in acute asthma, but its role is unclear especially with respect to any additional benefit when added to beta2-agonists. To determine the magnitude of effect of the addition of intravenous aminophylline to beta2-agonists in adult patients with acute asthma treated in the emergency setting. Studies were identified from the following sources: The Cochrane Airways Group register (derived from MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL standardised searches), hand searched respiratory journals and meeting abstracts. Potentially relevant articles were obtained, and their bibliographic lists were hand searched for additional articles. The search included searches of the database up to 1999. Randomised controlled trials comparing intravenous aminophylline versus placebo in adults with acute asthma and treated with beta-adrenergic agonists. Patients could be treated with or without corticosteroids or other bronchodilators. A total of 210 abstracts were identified. Two independent reviewers selected a total of 27 eligible studies for possible inclusion, in which quality assessment was performed and a third reviewer was used to adjudicate disagreements. Peak expiratory flow (PEFR) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) data were extracted and entered in Review Manager from these studies. Information not obtained from the authors was estimated from graphs. All data were entered and double checked by two reviewers. Results are reported as weighted mean differences (WMD) or odds ratio (OR), both with 95% confidential intervals (CI). Fifteen trials were included. Overall, the quality of the studies was only moderate; concealment of allocation was assessed as clearly adequate in only seven (45%) of the trials. The doses of aminophylline and other medications and the severity of asthma varied between studies. There was no statistically significant effect of aminophylline on airflow outcomes at any time period. The aminophylline treated group had higher values of PEFR at 12 (PEFR 8 L/min or 2.3%) and 24 hours (PEFR 22 L/min or 6.4%), but these were not significant (p>0.05). Two subgroup analyses were performed by grouping studies according to mean baseline airflow limitation (n = 11 studies) and the use of any steroids (n = 9 studies). There was no relationship between baseline airflow limitation nor the use of steroids on the effect of aminophylline. Aminophylline treated patients reported more palpitations/arrhythmias (OR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.5 to 5.7) and vomiting (OR: 4.2; 95% CI 2.4 to 7.4), but no difference was found in tremor or hospital admissions. In acute asthma, the use of intravenous aminophylline did not result in any additional bronchodilation compared to standard care with beta-agonists. The frequency of adverse effects was higher with aminophylline. No subgroups in which aminophylline might be more effective could be identified. These results should be added to consensus statements and guidelines.

Lung function, blood gases, pH and serum electrolytes of small-scale miners exposed to chrome ore dust on the Great Dyke in Zimbabwe.

We measured and compared lung function indices and some blood parameters (gases, electrolytes, glucose, pH, red cell indices) of 54 male small-scale miners (SSM) chronically exposed to chrome ore dust to those of 50 nonmining control subjects (NMC) and 46 large-scale chrome miners (LSM) who had taken internationally recommended precautionary measures (secondary control). The respirable dust level in the SSM environment (6.0 +/- 0.5 mg/m3) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than in the NMC and LSM environments (0.3 +/- 0.1 mg/m3 and 0.5 +/- 0.3 mg/m3, respectively). There were no significant differences in neither dust levels nor lung function status between NMC and LSM environments. The values of FVC, FEV1, PEFR and FEV1% of the SSM were 3.5 +/- 0.09 l, 2.61 +/- 0. 09 l, 6.07 +/- 0.36 l/second and 76.19 +/- 2.36%, respectively. These values were significantly lower than those of NMC (P < 0.01, respectively). However, the blood parameters of the SSM and NMC were not significantly different. The results are indicative of both restrictive and obstructive ventilatory defects in the SSM which may be attributed exposure to chrome ore dust in the environment. Associated risk factors appear to be advancing age, prolonged exposure to chrome ore dust and acid base disturbance.

The effect of the absence of abdominal muscles on pulmonary function and exercise.

In order to determine the long-term sequelae of prune belly syndrome (PBS) and whether the absence of abdominal wall musculature impairs exercise performance we studied nine patients 6 to 31 yr of age with PBS. Conventional spirometry, lung volumes, DLCO, and respiratory muscle strength were measured. A progressive 1-min incremental exercise test was performed on a cycle ergometer, and relative abdominal and chest wall displacements were measured by respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP). Mean values of TLC, FRC, and RV were 94 +/- 12, 88 +/- 13, and 94 +/- 41%, respectively. Mean values of PEFR, FEV1, and FEF25-75 were 83 +/- 24, 92 +/- 23, and 83 +/- 28%, respectively. Maximal expiratory pressures were significantly reduced in seven of nine patients, with marked reduction in four (>3 SD below the mean). Percent predicted maximal VO2 achieved, % maximal work, and % maximal heart rate were 79 +/- 13, 78 +/- 14, and 87 +/- 2%, respectively. All seven subjects with absent abdominal musculature had paradoxical motion of the abdomen during quiet respiration in the erect or sitting position and while exercising. These subjects had synchronous breathing at rest in the supine position. Although the etiology of the relatively low work rates and VO2 achieved was multifactorial, we speculate that the abdominal paradox in these subjects necessitates abnormally large rib cage displacements during exercise, which may be a significant contributing factor to exercise limitation in some of these subjects.

Relationship Of FEF&lt;sub&gt;25-75&lt;/sub&gt;, Pefr And SVC With Estrogen And Progesterone Level In Postmenopausal Women

Background: Deterioration of lung function is common in women after menopause, which may be related to very low estrogen and progesterone level. Objective: To observe FEF25-75, PEFR and SVC (slow vital capacity) values in apparently healthy postmenopausal women to find out their relationships with serum estrogen and progesterone. Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Physiology in BSMMU, Dhaka in the year 2007. 30 healthy postmenopausal women aged 45 to 60 years and 30 healthy premenopausal women aged 20 to 30 years during their different phases of menstrual cycle were studied. Postmenopausal women were residents of Dhaka city and premenopausal subjects were medical students. FEF25-75, PEFR and SVC of all subjects were measured by a digital micro spirometer. Their estrogen and progesterone levels were estimated by Micro particle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA) method. Data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient test, one way ANOVA and unpaired‘t’ test Results: The mean percentage of predicted values of FEF25-75 and PEFR were lower in postmenopausal women compared to those of follicular and luteal phases of premenopausal women but it was not significant. Measured values of SVC was Significantly (p&lt;.001) lower in postmenopausal women compared to those of follicular and luteal phases of premenopausal women. Again Mean serum estrogen and progesterone levels were significantly (p&lt;.001) lower in post menopausal women compared to those of follicular and luteal phases of premenopausal women. In post menopausal women, FEF25-75 was positively, PEFR and SVC were negatively correlated with progesterone level. PEFR and SVC showed positive correlattion and FEF25-75 showed negative correlation with serum estrogen level. All these correlations were statistically non significant. In premenopausal women FEF25-75 and PEFR showed positive correlation and SVC showed negative correlation with serum progesterone level. The relationships were statistically significant in luteal phase but nonsignificant in follicular phase. FEF25-75 ,PEFR and SVC were positively correlated with serum estrogen level in luteal phase but FEF25-75 and PEFR negatively correlated and SVC positively correlated with estrogen level in follicular phase. Conclusion: The outcome of this study shows FEF25-75 , PEFR and SVC may be reduced in postmenopausal women which in turn may be associated with their low progesterone and estrogen levels. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v6i2.9761 JBSP 2011 6(2): 116-121

PEFR and FEF&lt;sub&gt;25-75&lt;/sub&gt; in type 2 diabetes mellitus and their relationships with its duration

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem with increasing incidence worldwideand long term complications of various organs including lungs. The magnitude of the complicationsof this disease is related to its duration. Objective: To observe PEFR and FEF25-75 in type 2 diabeticmale and their relationship with duration of the disease. Methods: This cross sectional study wascarried out in the Department of Physiology, BSMMU, Dhaka, from 1st July 2007 to 30th June 2008 on60 type 2 diabetic, non smoker, male of 40-60 years old. For comparison, 30 age, BMI and socioeconomicstatus matched apparently healthy non diabetic subjects were also studied. Based on the duration ofdisease, diabetic patients were divided into B1 (5-10 years) and B2 (10-20 years). PEFR and FEF25-75 ofall the subjects were measured by an electronic spirometer. Data were analyzed by One way ANOVA,Unpaired Student's 't' and Pearson's correlation coefficient tests. Results: The mean percentage ofpredicted values of PEFR and FEF25-75 in non diabetic male were within normal ranges. But, both theparameters were significantly (p&lt;0.001) lower in both the groups of type 2 diabetic male compared tothose of non diabetic male. Again, the PEFR and FEF25-75 were lower in the patients of longer durationcompared to those of shorter duration but the differences were not significant. However, PEFR wasnegatively correlated and FEF25-75 was positively correlated with shorter duration of diabetes and therelationships were nonsignificant. On the other hand, both the parameters were negatively correlatedwith longer duration of diabetes while only PEFR showed significant (p&lt;0.01) relationship. Conclusion:The PEFR and FEF25-75 may be lower in type 2 diabetic male, which are inversely related to theduration of the disease.Key words: PEFR; FEF25-75; Diabetes Mellitus.DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v5i1.5413J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2010 June; 5(1): 14-19