P1 Values Research Articles

The influence of different stocking density on growth rate and survival rate koi larvae (Cyprinus carpio)

Abstract Stocking density has an important role in the survival and growth of fish larvae. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal stocking density level for larval rearing with improved feed. Tubifex sp. which has a high protein content of about 57% and fat as much as 13%. The method used was the experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) on 4 different treatments of stocking density with 3 replications. The treatments given were P0/Control (1 individual/L), P1 (2 individuals/L), P2 (3 individuals/L), and P3 (4 individuals/L) maintained for 49 days. The results obtained during the study were the growth rate values of P0 (0.021 gram/day), P1 (0.017 gram/day), P2 (0.016 gram/day), and P3 (0.017 gram/day). The survival rates are P0 (90.00%), P1 (91.00%), P2 (90.33%), and P3 (87.50%). Absolute length values P0 (1.94cm ), P1 (1.70cm ), P2 (1.70cm), and P3 (1.77 cm) The quality of the water obtained is that the temperature ranges from 26–29, the pH is 6.8–8.1, and the DO is 5–6. The results showed that different stocking densities had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the survival and growth rate of koi fish.

The Effect of Administering Herbal Jamu on Egg Quality in PT Sanjaya Satwa Utama Layer Phase Laying Chickens As An Animal Food Security

This research aims to determine how much influence herbal ingredients added to drinking water have on the level of internal and external quality of eggs in laying hens. The material used was 700 laying hens aged 51 weeks. The method used was a completely randomized design consisting of two treatments and three replications, the treatment was given in drinking water with each treatment being P0 = without herbs and P1 = drinking water with the addition of herbal ingredients = 1800 liters of drinking water + 600ml of herbal ingredients. The variables observed were internal quality which included the egg white index, egg yolk index and egg Haugh unit. External Quality, namely Shell Thickness and Egg Weight. Based on the research results, the average Internal Quality values ​​for eggs were obtained, namely Egg White Index P0 (0.120) and P1 (0.125). Egg Yolk Index P0 (0.364) and P1 (0.428) and Egg Unit Haugh value P0 (90) and P1 (96). Eternal Quality which includes egg weights P0 (61 grams) and P1 (64 grams), as well as shell thickness values ​​P0 (0.33) P1 (0.34). The conclusion from this research is that giving P0 and P1 does not have a significant effect (P>0.05) on the internal and external quality of eggs, but at each sampling the P1 value is higher than the P0 value on egg quality.

Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Real-Time Detection of β-Galactosidase Activity in Lysosomes and Its Application in Drug-Induced Senescence Imaging.

Senescence is an important biological process, which leads to the gradual degradation of its physiological function and increases morbidity and mortality. Herein, a novel ratiometric fluorescent probe (P1) was constructed by using benzothiazolyl acetonitrile dye as fluorophore, exhibiting significantly enhanced blue-shifted emission to indicate the activity of β-galactosidase (β-gal), a commonly used biomarker for the detection of senescent cells. After incubation with β-gal, the excimer emission of P1 at 620 nm was weakened, while the emission at 533 nm was significantly enhanced, forming an obvious ratiometric probe with high sensitivity and low detection limit (2.7 mU·mL-1). More importantly, probe P1 can locate lysosomes accurately, allowing us to monitor the emergence of living cell senescence in real time. P1 was successfully used to detect β-gal activity in PC-12 cells, Hep G2 cells, and RAW 264.7 cells. It showed strong green fluorescence signal in senescent cells and red fluorescence signal in normal cells, indicating that it can detect endogenous senescence-related β-gal content in living cells. For in vivo drug-induced senescence imaging, after 5 weeks of injection of D-galactose or hydroxyurea, the mice showed significant fluorescence enhancement in specific channels to indicate the activity of β-gal in vivo. At the same time, the senescence of cell-specific organs and skin tissues at the organ level were also detected, which proved that the drug-induced senescence of brain, skin, and muscle tissues was the most serious. These results supported the important application value of P1 in senescence biomedical research.

The Effects of Substituting Straw Compost for NPK Fertilizer On Field Rice Growth and Yield Using The SRI (System of Rice Intensification) Method

With an agroecological philosophy, the SRI (System of Rice Intensification) technique is a rice production technology approach that prioritizes soil, plant, and water management through local expertise and group empowerment based on environmentally beneficial activities. The purpose of this study is to investigate lowland rice growth and yield by using composted straw instead of NPK fertilizer. Implemented in Tara-Tara II village, West Tomohon sub-district for 5 (five) months with one factor treatment, namely the ratio of NPK fertilizer dose and straw compost dose: 100% NPK + straw compost 0% straw compost (P0), 75% NPK + 25% straw compost (P1), 50% NPK + 50% straw compost (P2), 25% NPK + 75% straw compost (P3), and 0% NPK + 100% straw compost (P4). The variables observed included: plant height, number of fodder, number of panicles/clumps, weight of 100 harvested dry grains, number of grains/panicles, percentage of smooth grains/clumps and harvested dry grain yield. Substitution of NPK fertilizer with compost straw has no effect on the height of lowland rice plants using the SRI (System of Rice Intensification) method, but does affect the number of productive tillers. The highest number of productive tillers was found in P2 (50% NPK + 50% straw compost), P3 (25% NPK + 75% straw compost) and P4 (0% NPK + 100% straw compost), with an average value of 31, respectively. 27; 28.20 and 27.53 tillers, while treatment P3 (25% NPK + 75% straw compost) and lower values in treatments P0 (100% NPK + 0% straw compost) and P1 (75% NPK + 25% straw compost ) with an average value of 25.83; and 25.67 offspring.
 
 Keywords: System of Rice Intensification (SRI), rice, straw compost.

Effects of valproic acid and levetiracetam monotherapy on balance functions in patients with generalized epilepsy

BackgroundIt is reported that antiepileptic drugs have an effect on balance functions. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the effects of valproic acid and levetiracetam monotherapy on balance functions in patients with generalized epilepsy using objective test methods. MethodsThe study included 43 generalized epilepsy patients aged 18–60 years, including 20 patients receiving valproic acid monotherapy, 23 patients receiving levetiracetam monotherapy, and 25 healthy individuals as controls, in the Neurology Clinic of a university hospital in eastern Turkey. The demographic data form was filled out and the Video Head Impulse Test and Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials test were performed. ResultsStatistically significant differences were obtained between the groups in lateral, posterior, and anterior semicircular canal gains and RALP and LARP asymmetry values in the V-HIT test (p < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were obtained between the groups in P1, N1 latency and asymmetry values in the C-VEMP test and in N1, P1 latency, amplitude, and asymmetry values in the o-VEMP test (p < 0.05). ConclusionValproic acid and levetiracetam may affect the vestibulocular and vestibulocolic reflex pathways negatively. In this cohort, valproic acid had more pronounced adverse effects on balance functions as compared to levetiracetam.

The prognostic value of Forkhead box P3 regulatory T cells in biliary tract cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aimed to explore the value of tumor-infiltrating Forkhead box P3(FoxP3+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in evaluating the prognosis of biliary tract cancer. Four electronic databases were searched using 2 computers: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The vocabulary and syntax were adapted according to the database. Two researchers independently selected the studies, collected information, and assessed the risk of bias. The Meta-analysis was performed using STATA 17.0, and HR and its corresponding 95% CI were used to evaluate the correlation between FoxP3+ Tregs and the overall survival of patients with biliary tract cancer. In addition, the quality of the included studies was evaluated. Ten articles were included in this study. The results of the meta-analysis showed that patients with high FoxP3+ Tregs infiltration had worse overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.34,95% CI 1.16 to 1.71; P < .001). Subgroup analysis of gallbladder carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma showed that the high infiltration of FoxP3+ Tregs was significantly correlated with the OS of the former (HR = 1.55,95% CI 1.11 to 2.00; P < .001), but not with the OS of the latter (HR = 1.00,95% CI 0.62 to 1.38; P > .05). Our meta-analysis reveals that high infiltration of FoxP3 + Tregs is significantly associated with reduced overall survival in gallbladder carcinoma, endorsing their use as a prognostic biomarker for this subtype. In contrast, no significant prognostic correlation was identified for FoxP3+ Tregs in cholangiocarcinoma, indicating the need for subtype-specific evaluation of their prognostic relevance in biliary tract cancers.

Leaf extract effectiveness of pecut kuda (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis L. Vahl) on barramundi (Lates calcarifer) eggs hatchability

Barramundi is one of the preferred fishes in great demand because of its delicious taste and high nutritional content. One factor that influences the success of culture is hatchability and high larval survival. In the business of barramundi aquaculture, problems are often encountered, namely the presence of fungi that attack fish eggs. Precautions and treatment use of continuous synthetic compounds with improper concentration will cause new problems. The traditional pecut kuda anti-fungal, this plant is also easily obtainable and easy to use in the prevention and treatment of fish diseases. The purpose of this study was to analyze the success rate of using pecut kuda (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis L. Vahl) in increasing the hatchability of barramundi eggs and observing the growth of barramundi larvae. This research was conducted on July 25 – August 16, 2022. Located at Brackish Water Cultivation Fishery Center, Ujoeng Batee, Aceh. This research method used a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications, namely P1 (0 ml/control), P2 (2 ml/L), P3 (4 ml/L), P4 (6 ml/L), and P5 (8 ml/L). Observation of the data collected during the research was presented in the form of tables and graphs. The results showed that pecut kuda leaf extract at different doses affected the hatchability of eggs, percentage of fungus attack, and mortality of barramundi larvae, while it did not affect the abnormality and growth length of barramundi larvae. The best treatment at P3 with a dose of 4 ml/L was 90.33% of the hatching rate with a low mortality value of P3 was 11.80%.

Manipulation of the aquatic physical environment and its relationship with ectoparasitic infection in dumbo catfish (Clarias sp)

Fish disease is an obstacle in the cultivation of Dumbo catfish (Clarias sp.) which can result in fish death. The need for information on how to prevent and treat fish diseases is very necessary. This study aims to determine the effect of aeration duration on water quality, ectoparasite intensity, prevalence, dominance, survival and condition factors, then correlate water quality with ectoparasite intensity. This study used a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications. Treatment includes aeration 0 hours/day, 6 hours/day, 12 hours/day, 18 hours/day and 24 hours/day. Data analysis using ANOVA of a certain level of significance. If there is a noticeable difference from each treatment, proceed to the DUNCAN test. Test the correlation of water quality with ectoparasite intensity. The result of this study is that long aeration can increase oxygen solubility, acidity but reduce ammonia and nitrite. The correlation value of oxygen solubility in ectoparasite intensity is 0.828, acidity (pH) is 0.849, ammonia is -0.888, nitrite is -0.592. The prevalence value of P0 and P1 is 0%, P2 is 89%, P3 and P4 is 100%. The intensity of ectoparasites in Dumbo catfish (Clarias sp.), at P0 is 2, P1 is 13, P2 is 75, while at P3 and P4 is 100. The dominance of ectoparasites that infect is Trichodina sp. by 71.7-100% and Dactylogyrus sp. by 0-28.4%. The survival rate of fish at P0 was highest with a value of 89%, P1 at 84%, P2 at 71%, P3 and P4 rates at 0%. The value of the condition factor then P0 and P1 have a value of 1, P2, P3 and P4 have a condition factor value of 1. It is concluded that the longer aeration is given, the solubility of oxygen increases which results in an increase in the intensity and prevalence of ectoparasite infections, the pH of the water becomes neutral and decreases the content of ammonia and nitrite. There is a moderate to very strong correlation between water quality and ectoparasite intensity. There is an increase in the prevalence of infection, ectoparasite intensity and fish mortality so that it can reduce the survival and condition factors of Dumbo catfish (Clarias sp.).Keywords:AerationInfectionEctoparasitesClarias sp

Clinical and Prognostic Implications of Cervical and Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (cVEMP and oVEMP) in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV): A Prospective Study.

Several studies have investigated the efficacy of VEMP (vestibular evoked myogenic potential) in patients with vestibular disorders and BPPV (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo). However, previous data were inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in latency, amplitude P1-N1, asymmetry ratio (AR), and cervical/ocular-VEMP values between BPPV patients and healthy controls. 125 healthy subjects and 42 BPPV patients were prospectively enrolled in the study. In both groups, c/oVEMP tests with 500 Hz tone-burst stimuli were performed. Latencies P1, N1 peaks, and corrected amplitudes (CA) were measured, and AR was calculated. in the BPPV group, 14.29% of patients lacked oVEMPs that recovered after therapy. N1 latencies were significantly elongated, and 50% of patients had pathological AR; this value normalized at follow-up sessions. In addition, there was a reduction in CA in the pathologic ear compared to healthy ears (p = 0.04) and compared to healthy controls (p = 0.01). For cVEMP, a significant reduction in latency-P1 was observed in BPPV patients compared to controls; no significant differences were observed for P1, N1, and CA values between the two ears. The cVEMPs were absent in 14.29% of BPPV patients (AR > 35) that recovered after therapy. We identified several abnormal c/oVemp values in BPPV patients compared with healthy controls, with most changes in values occurring in oVEMPs, suggesting that utricular dysfunction may be more common than saccular. In addition, patients with oVEMP alteration showed later clinical recovery, suggesting a possible prognostic role of the test.

Exploring the Relationship Between Masseter and Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Young Adults with Normal Hearing.

Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) and masseter vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (mVEMPs) are considered to have a common saccular origin. While a few studies have examined both VEMPs in individuals with brainstem disorders as part of a test battery, the relation between these two potentials has rarely been the subject of discussion. The present study explored the relation between mVEMPs and cVEMPs using EMG-scaled parameters in normal-hearing young adults. Within-subject study design Study Sample: Twenty young adults between 18 to 39 years of age (11 males, 9 females) participated in the study. cVEMP and mVEMP were performed on all the participants at 95dBnHL with 500Hz tone burst stimuli. Various VEMP parameters were evaluated including P13 and N23 peak latencies, the amplitude of the P13-N23 complex, and the Interaural Amplitude Asymmetry Ratio (IAAR) in EMG-scaled and unscaled conditions. All participants exhibited a 100% response rate for cVEMP and mVEMP responses. There were no significant ears and gender effect for both cVEMP and mVEMP. No correlation was found between cVEMP and mVEMP. There was no significant difference found between P1 and N1 latency values of cVEMP and mVEMP; however, a significant variation was observed for peak to peak amplitude both in EMG scaled and unscaled conditions between cVEMP and mVEMP. Minimal to no association between any parameters of cVEMPs and mVEMPs suggests no significant relationship between these two VEMPs.

Exploring the potential of roof greening for low-carbon landscapes.

As one type of urban artificial ecosystems, roof greening exhibits carbon source/sink characteristics during their life cycle. The carbon cycle mechanism is complex. The lack of exhaustive carbon performance quantification methods and assessment indicators hinders the promotion and implementation of green roof urban decarboni-zation. Focusing on the quantification of roof greening low-carbon landscape potential, we analyzed the internal carbon cycle mechanism of green roof systems and explored four carbon reduction and sink pathways (P1-P4): biogenic carbon sink, embodied carbon, operational carbon, and bioenergy supply. Based on the dual performance indicators of normalized value of carbon emissions and carbon payback time, we summarized the normalized value measurement method of each pathway. The potential and characteristics of each pathway were quantified by extracting data from the literature. The results showed that the quantified potential values for P1 to P4 were 9.54, -2.26, 2.96 and 0.35 kg CO2·m-2·a-1, respectively, and that the potential values for each pathway were strongly influenced by plant types, climate, and other factors. The imperfect base database and the heterogeneity of assessment scenarios impacted the accuracy of the measurements. The integrated low carbon landscape potential of extensive green roofs was discussed in sub-scenarios, with the 40-year-life cycle integrated carbon reduction ranging from 92.24 to 433.42 kg CO2·m-2 and the carbon payback period ranging from 5 to 14 years. Finally, we summarized the problems in the assessment to facilitate future updates and improvements.

Embeddings of Decomposition Spaces

Many smoothness spaces in harmonic analysis are decomposition spaces. In this paper we ask: Given two such spaces, is there an embedding between the two? A decomposition space D ( Q , L p , Y ) \mathcal {D}(\mathcal {Q}, L^p, Y) is determined by a covering Q = ( Q i ) i ∈ I \mathcal {Q} = (Q_i)_{i \in I} of the frequency domain, an integrability exponent p p , and a sequence space Y ⊂ C I {Y \subset \mathbb {C}^I} . Given these ingredients, the decomposition space norm of a distribution g g is defined as ‖ g ‖ D ( Q , L p , Y ) = ‖ ( ‖ F − 1 ( φ i ⋅ g ^ ) ‖ L p ) i ∈ I ‖ Y , { \left \Vert g \right \Vert _{\mathcal {D}(\mathcal {Q}, L^p, Y)} = \left \Vert \left ( \left \Vert \mathcal {F}^{-1} \left ( \varphi _{i} \cdot \widehat {g} \right ) \right \Vert _{L^{p}} \right )_{i \in I} \right \Vert _{Y} } , where ( φ i ) i ∈ I (\varphi _i)_{i \in I} is a suitable partition of unity for Q \mathcal {Q} . We establish readily verifiable criteria which ensure the existence of a continuous inclusion (“an embedding”) D ( Q , L p 1 , Y ) ↪ D ( P , L p 2 , Z ) \mathcal {D}(\mathcal {Q},L^{p_1},Y) \hookrightarrow \mathcal {D}(\mathcal {P},L^{p_2},Z) , mostly concentrating on the case where Y = ℓ w q 1 ( I ) Y = \ell _{w}^{q_{1}} ( I ) and Z = ℓ v q 2 ( J ) Z = \ell _{v}^{q_{2}} (J) . Under suitable assumptions on Q , P \mathcal {Q}, \mathcal {P} , we will see that the relevant sufficient conditions are p 1 ≤ p 2 p_{1} \leq p_{2} and finiteness of a nested norm of the form \[ ‖ ( ‖ ( α i β j ⋅ v j / w i ) i ∈ I j ‖ ℓ t ) j ∈ J ‖ ℓ s , with I j = { i ∈ I : Q i ∩ P j ≠ ∅ } for j ∈ J . \left \Vert \left ( \left \Vert \left ( \alpha _{i} \beta _{j} \cdot v_{j} / w_{i} \right )_{ i \in I_{j}} \right \Vert _{\ell ^{t}} \right )_{j\in J} \right \Vert _{\ell ^{s}} \, , \quad \text {with} \quad I_{j} = \left \{ i \in I \,:\, Q_{i} \cap P_{j} \neq \varnothing \right \} \quad \text {for } j \in J \,. \] Like the sets I j I_j , the exponents t , s t, s and the weights α , β \alpha , \beta only depend on the quantities used to define the decomposition spaces. In a nutshell, in order to apply the embedding results presented in this article, no knowledge of Fourier analysis is required; instead, one only has to study the geometric properties of the involved coverings, so that one can decide the finiteness of certain sequence space norms defined in terms of the coverings. These sufficient criteria are quite sharp: For almost arbitrary coverings and certain ranges of p 1 , p 2 p_1, p_2 , our criteria yield a complete characterization for the existence of the embedding. The same holds for arbitrary values of p 1 , p 2 p_1, p_2 under more strict assumptions on the coverings. We also prove a rigidity result, namely that—for ( p 1 , q 1 ) ≠ ( 2 , 2 ) (p_{1}, q_{1}) \neq (2, 2) —two decomposition spaces D ( Q , L p 1 , ℓ w q 1 ) \mathcal {D}(\mathcal {Q}, L^{p_1}, \ell _w^{q_1}) and D ( P , L p 2 , ℓ v q 2 ) \mathcal {D}(\mathcal {P}, L^{p_2}, \ell _v^{q_2}) can only coincide if their “ingredients” are equivalent, that is, if p 1 = p 2 p_{1} = p_{2} and q 1 = q 2 q_{1} = q_{2} and if the coverings Q , P \mathcal {Q}, \mathcal {P} and the weights w , v w, v are equivalent in a suitable sense. The resulting embedding theory is illustrated by applications to α \alpha -modulation and Besov spaces. All known embedding results for these spaces are special cases of our approach; often, we improve considerably upon the state of the art.

Analisis Kualitas Air di Sungai Marbau

This study aims to analyze the quality of river water and the water quality status of the Marbau watershed in North Labuhanbatu Regency based on water quality criteria and to formulate a pollution control strategy that needs to be implemented. The method used is a quantitative descriptive method by analyzing the status of river water quality based on the pollution index. The results showed that the P1 value of Marbau river water ranged from 0.94 to 1.82. The recommended pollution control strategies are: 1) maintaining river protection zones involving environmental cadres and green communities in monitoring; 2) monitoring and controlling water pollution along the river; 3) improve river water quality monitoring; 5) supervision of the discharge of waste water into rivers; 4) granting permits for disposal of wastewater (IPLC) into rivers must pay attention to the condition of the capacity to accommodate river pollution loads and enforce environmental law against business actors who violate established environmental quality standards. In conclusion, the quality of the Marbau river has decreased with the water quality status being slightly polluted. The recommendations for water pollution control strategies that need to be implemented are progressive strategies.&#x0D; Keywords: Water Quality, North Labuhanbatu, Marbau

Impact of soil fertility characteristics on artificial fertility gradient approach developed using sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in Alfisols

In the advent of precision agriculture, applying fertilizer based on soil testing is a crucial tool to prescribe nutrient levels for crops, to increase nutrient use efficiency and production. A field experiment was conducted in a farmer's field in the Dindigul district, Southern agro-climatic zone of Tamil Nadu to ascertain the effect of artificial soil fertility gradient method on soil fertility, green fodder production of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) (var. CO 30) and nutrient absorption. A fertility gradient technique has been investigated to produce fertilizer recommendations for location-specific in red soils (Alfisols, Typic Rhodustalf). The experimental field was separated into three equal strips: strip I, II, and III, which received applications of the three graded levels of ertilizer N0P0K0, N1P1K1, and N2P2K2, respectively. Urea, single super phosphate, and muriate of potash fertilizers, respectively, were used to apply NPK. As a gradient crop, S. bicolor was raised. The N1 level was set based on the general fertilizer recommendation of feed sorghum, while the P1 and K1 values were set based on the soil’s ability to fix 100 kg ha-1 of phosphorus and 100 kg ha-1 of potassium, respectively. Plant samples were taken at harvest time, and their NPK content and nutrient uptake were determined. With addition of graded doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in Strip I, II &amp; III increased the soil's available N, P &amp; K status substantially in the order of Strip I&lt;II&lt;III and minimize the heterogeneity in the soil population , management strategies employed, and prevailing climate conditions to induce fertility variations in the same field. The outcomes showed that sorghum crop yields for fodder (Strip III – 25.01 t ha-1) and NPK uptake were significantly impacted by the application of graded amounts of NPK fertilizers.

Graph design for data authentication over insecure communication channel

Data authentication is a critical issue in communication systems. Based on data authentication techniques, the receiver can affirm that the data is really sent from an authentic sender and it is not a fabricated message from an opponent. One of the important techniques of data authentication is authentication codes. Authentication codes are utilized in communication channels in which there may be an opponent besides the sender and the receiver. This opponent may play both substitution attack or impersonation attack. Via an impersonation attack the opponent can transmit a message on the channel to the receiver and hopes that the receiver will take delivery of it as an authentic. Through the substitution attack we imply that once the opponent observes a message is sent by the sender, he substitutes that message with another one and expect that the receiver will accepted it as authentic. For each of those styles of attacks, there is an associated probability that the opponent will success to cheat the receiver. That are the probability of a successful impersonation attack P1 and the probability of a successful substitution attack P2. For more security of the communication system, it is far proposed to construct an authentication code with small values of P1 and P2. In this paper, we present an approach for design a graph message authentication code. This approach constructs a set of mutually orthogonal graph designs on a regular graph H by a graph G. Imposing certain conditions on H and G, we build a combinatorial design on H that yields to an authentication code with low probability of impersonation attack and of substitution attack. Moreover, we prove that such probabilities are related to the order of the graph H.

Analysis of Protein Levels of Fermented Sarden Fish Pempek

Research on the topic “conducted to find out the chemical characteristics of fermented sardine lenjer pempek”. Using a Randomized Block Design (RAK) which was arranged in a non-factorial manner with a comparison of the length of fermentation time consisting of 4 treatments and repeated 5 (five) times. Chemical parameters observed in this research is analysis protein, The tests carried out on pempek lenjer were compared with the length of fermentation time P0 (without fermentation/control), P1 (fermentation time 12hours), P2 (fermentation time 24 hours), P3 (36 hours of fermentation time). The results of the F test on chemical analysis were followed by Dunnet test. Observation parameters are chemical analysis of protein. The results showed P0: 6.86 %, P1: 7.44 %, P2: 7.86 %, the highest protein content with a value of P3: 9.03 %.

Molecular dynamics simulation of polymorphic transformation between ε-CL-20 and β-CL-20 by short range order and orientational order parameter

Phase transition simulation of molecular crystals is a challenge. In order to clarify the polymorphic transformation mechanism of molecular crystal, a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of the transformation between ε-CL-20 and β-CL-20 was carried out by the short range order g(r) and local orientational order parameter (OPs) P2(cosθ) as well as the spatial orientation correlation function. The effects of the temperature on them were performed. The results indicate that the g(r), orientational OPs and spatial orientation correlation function, composed of the structural parameters from three CL-20 molecules in three different single crystal, could be used to simulate the process of the polymorphic transformation between ε-CL-20 and β-CL-20. Only at a high temperature, could two kinds of the CL-20 supercells realize the transformation of crystal form. Furthermore, there were local and global minimum energy points, indicating that there could be the metastable or stable crystal forms in the process of the transformation from β-CL-20 to ε-CL-20. The values of P2(cosθ) were well related to results of the surface electrostatic potentials (ESPs), suggesting that the ESPs have an influence on polymorphic transformation.

ESTIMATION OF MAIZE GENETIC COEFFICIENTS FOR THE CERES-MAIZE MODEL USING NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHODS

The Crop Environment Resource Synthesis-Maize (CERES-Maize) mechanistic model, included in the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT), is a useful and powerful tool that simulates the growth and yield of maize in different environments. The qualitative and quantitative information provided to the CERES-Maize model guarantees reliability in the simulations obtained. However, it requires a lot of information such as soil characteristics, daily climate, crop characteristics and management, as well as six genetic coefficients. This research assessed a non-destructive methodology for estimating the six required parameters (genetic coefficients): P1, P2, P5, G2, G3 and PHINT, based on the maize physiology, measured from the Growing Degree Days (GDD) base 10. An experiment was established at the experimental station of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in Tlaltizapan, Morelos, Mexico, where 27 white maize hybrids and 14 yellow maize hybrids were manually sown in an irrigation conservation tillage system. Once the simulations of maize growth and yield were obtained with CERES-Maize model, the genetic coefficients were calibrated using the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE). After calibration of the six genetic coefficients for all hybrids, an average values of P1, G2 and G3 were within the typical range, while P2 and P5 were greater than the typical range, and PHINT was below typical range. However, the simulation model showed good performance after calibration, according to the average R2 of 0.9809 and 0.9730 between measured and simulated yields for white and yellow hybrids respectively. The coefficients estimated in this study can be used in the CERES-Maize model to simulate maize yields in different regions of the country for the hybrids used here.

The Effect of Probiotic Doses in Biofloc Growth on Hematological and Histological Status of Catfish

Biofloc technology is one of the promising methods to overcome water quality problems in fish farming. This technology uses an environmentally friendly approach and does not harm cultivated organisms. The success of biofloc technology depends on the accuracy of determining probiotics and doses in the treatment. This study used petrofish commercial probiotics containing Lactobacillus heterochiochii, Bacillus sp., Nitrosomonas sp., and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with a bacterial density of 1.2 x 106 CFU.mL-1. This study aimed to determine the suitable doses of probiotics for growing biofloc. Biofloc has a high content of protein. In the biofloc process, fish will consume the floc. It led to hematology status and intestine histology alteration that caused effects on fish growth. The method used in this study was an experimental method with a completely randomized design with four treatments. Each treatment will be repeated three times. The variable test was a difference of doses of probiotic P0 (0 L.L-1 water), P1 (1 L.L-1 water), P2 (1.5 L.L-1 water), and P3 (2 L.L-1 water). The observations on the value of hematological status showed erythrocytes in the P2 treatment was 2.9 x 1012.L-1 and P3 was 2.5 x 1012.L-1. It was categorized as a normal condition, while P0 and P1 (2.0 x 1012.L-1) were below normal values. The hemoglobin values of P2 (9.6 g.dL-1) and P3 (9.0 g.dL-1) were in accordance with normal values, while P0 (4.9 g.dL-1) and P1 (6.1 g.dL-1) were below normal. The hematocrit value in P2 was under the normal limit of 39%, while the treatments P0, P1, and P3 were below the normal limit. The leucocyte values in all treatments (P0, P1, P2, and P3) were above the normal (high) value, influenced by high stocking density. The best intestinal villi length was found in P2, which is 2431.42 µm; the villi width is 631.90 µm. Based on the observations on all variables, it can be stated that the probiotic doses have significant biofloc growth and hematological and histological intestine status. Furthermore, the (P2) treatment with 1.5 L.L-1 water effectively affected the growth of catfish (Clarias sp). Keywords: Biofloc, Catfish, Hematology, Histology, Probiotic Petrifish.

The Thousand-Pulsar-Array programme on MeerKAT – VIII. The subpulse modulation of 1198 pulsars

ABSTRACT We report on the subpulse modulation properties of 1198 pulsars using the Thousand-Pulsar-Array programme on MeerKAT. About 35 per cent of the analysed pulsars exhibit drifting subpulses that are more pronounced towards the death line, consistent with previous studies. We estimate that this common phenomenon is detectable in 60 per cent of the overall pulsar population if high-quality data were available for all. This large study reveals the evolution of drifting subpulses across the pulsar population in unprecedented detail. In particular, we find that the modulation period P3 follows a V-shaped evolution with respect to the characteristic age τc, such that the smallest P3 values, corresponding to the Nyquist period P3 ≃ 2, are found at τc ≃ 107.5 yr. The V-shaped evolution can be interpreted and reproduced if young pulsars possess aliased fast intrinsic P3, which monotonically increase, ultimately achieving a slow unaliased P3. Enhancement of irregularities in intrinsic subpulse modulation by aliasing in small-τc pulsars would explain their observed less well defined P3’s and weaker spectral features. Modelling these results as rotating subbeams, their circulation must slow down as the pulsar evolves. This is the opposite to that expected if circulation is driven by $\boldsymbol{E}\times \boldsymbol{B}$ drift. This can be resolved if the observed P3 periodicity is due to a beat between an $\boldsymbol{E}\times \boldsymbol{B}$ system and the pulsar period. As a by-product, we identified the correct periods and spin-down rates for 12 pulsars, for which harmonically related values were reported in the literature.