Inorganic Phosphorus Values Research Articles

Revealing the Sources of Nutrients in the Surface Waters of the Selenga River Watershed Using Hydrochemical and Geospatial Data

This study was the first attempt to identify the sources of total oxidized nitrogen (TON) and inorganic phosphorus (IP) in the water of the Selenga River—the main tributary of Lake Baikal. To identify TON and IP sources, the data on nutrient concentrations in water of Selenga River and its tributaries as well as the data on river runoff were collected and mapped. On the basis of the obtained data, the values of TON and IP exported from different parts of Selenga watershed were evaluated and mapped using geospatial techniques. In addition, critical source areas (CSAs) which accumulate soil pollutants from nonpoint pollution sources and release them into the surface water during storm events were identified in most polluted watershed areas. It was found that the values of TON exports in most parts of the Selenga watershed varied in the range 0–50 kg/km2/yr, whereas the values of IP exports varied in the range 0–5 kg/km2/yr. Obtained data on TON export were in agreement with those obtained earlier by foreign researchers using global models of nutrient export, whereas data on IP exports were two times higher than those previously modelled.

Effect of quertine on electrolyte metabolism indicators in patients with urate nephrolithiasis comorbid with metabolic syndrome

The treatment of urate nephrolithiasis (UN) comorbid with metabolic syndrome (MS) is greatly interested in flavonoids, which are actively involved in purine, electrolyte, nitrogen, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of the study was to study the effect of quertine on electrolyte metabolism and excretion of stone-forming compounds in patients with UN comorbid with MS.The indicators of stone-forming compounds excretion were studied by the values of inorganic phosphorus, ionized calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium in blood serum and urine. Urine pH was determined by test indicator strips. Normalization of indicators of stone-forming compounds excretion under the influence of quertine, traditional therapy and drugs that correct metabolic processes, contributed to an increase of magnesium crystallization inhibitor in blood serum and urine. Besides, it is also important to increase daily diuresis and normalize urine pH, which contributed to the reduction of stone formation and recurrence of urolithiasis. It is important to prescribe quertine, traditional therapy and drugs that correct metabolic disorders, taking into account metabolic disorders, urinary pH and daily diuresis.

Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms in Sex-Frailty Paradox

The “male-female health-survival paradox” evidences that the survival advantage observed in women is linked to higher rates of disability and poor health status compared to men, a phenomenon also called the “sex-frailty paradox”. The depletion of vitamin D seems to play a role in the fragilization of old persons, and genetic polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene seem to be involved in regulating the vitamin D pathway. This study correlated the VDR gene polymorphisms (FokI, ApaI, BsmiI, and TaqI) with frailty, computed by frailty index (FI), in 202 persons (127 women and 75 men, aged from 60 to 116 years), aiming to capture the involvement of vitamin D in the sex-frailty paradox. The results showed slightly higher FI (p = 0.05), lower levels of 25(OH)D (p = 0.04), and higher levels of parathyroid hormone PTH (p = 0.002) and phosphorus (p < 0.001) in women than in men. Interestingly, the ApaI minor allele (Aa + aa) showed a significant positive association with FI (p = 0.03) and a negative association with inorganic phosphorus values (p = 0.04) compared to AA genotype only in women, regardless of age. The exact mechanism and the causal role that, in old women, links ApaI polymorphism with frailty are still unclear. However, we could speculate that a specific genetic profiling, other than 25(OH)D levels, play a role in the sex-frailty paradox.

Environmental variables and macrophytes of lakes of the Chitwan National Park, Central Nepal

Abstract Wetlands are areas where water is the primary factor controlling the environment, associated plant and animal life. The present study has been conducted to investigate the environmental variables of water and to make a quantitative analysis of aquatic macrophytes. Five lakes, i.e. Tamor, Beeshazar, Kingfisher, Athaieshazar and Chepang of the Chitwan National Park were studied during the post-monsoon season. Four different sites were studied for each lake. 12 replica of water samples were collected from each site of the lakes and environmental variables of water i.e. pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, conductivity, total hardness, nitrate, inorganic phosphorus, total solid matter and free CO2 were analyzed. Macrophyte floras were collected during field sampling with the help of a 1m×1m light wooden quadrat and herbaria were prepared following the standard technique. Altogether 10 quadrats (five paired quadrats) were plotted in each site of the study area. Data obtained from water analysis and macrophytes were analyzed by SPSS statistics 20 and CANACO version 4.5. Higher values of nitrate and inorganic phosphorus were found in Beeshazar Lake and Tamor Lake, i.e. 4.41 ±0.52 mg dm–3 and 2.93 ±0.29 mg dm–3, respectively. In most of the lakes, macrophyte species, mostly Eichhornia crassipes was found to be dominant in terms of the importance value index (IVI), whereas in Tamor Lake, Spirodela polyrhiza was dominant. All the studied lakes were in the hypereutrophic category on the basis of nitrate and phosphorus concentration. Runoff of polluted water with agricultural fertilizers, pesticides and untreated industrial discharge as well as domestic wastes from the Khageri canal and excessive growth of invasive macrophytes are major threats to the studied lakes. The luxuriant growth of invasive macrophytes like Eichhornia crassipes also revealed the productive nature of the lakes and they can be taken as ecological indicators of organic pollution.

Haemato-biochemical profile, mineral and electrolyte concentration, and antioxidant status of Zobawng cattle of Mizoram

Blood biochemical profile plays a pivotal role in assessing health status of animals. The present study was conducted to evaluate haematological and biochemical parameters, trace element and electrolyte concentration, oxidant and antioxidant status in local cattle (Zobawng) of Mizoram. The values recorded for Hb (12.61±0.40 g/dL), RBC (9.10±0.50 106/μL), WBC (11.52+1.13 103/μL), PCV (43.36±0.99%), total protein (8.30±0.17 g/dL), globulin, BUN (10.68±0.68 mg/dL) were on higher side than the exotic cattle breeds. Creatinine (1.96±0.10 mg/dL) and GGT (19.22+1.29 U/L) were also towards upper limit. Calcium (9.78+0.13 mmol/ L), magnesium (2.43+0.07 mmol/L) and inorganic phosphorus (6.76+0.27 mmol/L) values were higher than the exotic breeds and also higher than the Indian Zebu cattle. Total antioxidant was higher and the oxidative stress index was lower as compared to the crossbred or exotic cattle. This study provides first insight into the blood biochemistry of these indigenous cattle indicating its higher disease resistance and will be useful for its better management.

Effect of Rumen Mega Mineral Bolus Insertion at Calving on Blood Biochemical and Minerals Profile and Postpartum Fertility in Kankrej Cows

A study was conducted on 12 pluriparous parturient Kankrej cows of the University Farm, in Anand, randomly divided into two equal groups (n = 6 each). Group-I cows were administered on the day of calving with a sustained release 80 g mega mineral rumen bolus (Prepavel® 1 bolus/animal, Neolait, France) intra-ruminal through a specially designed applicator, while group-II animals served as untreated control. The animals were monitored periodically from the day of calving till 140 days postpartum along with other herd mates. Blood samples were obtained at 10 days interval in heparinized vacutainers for plasma progesterone, biochemical, and macro-micro mineral profiling. Among the six Kankrej cows of group-I, only one animal exhibited prominent estrus signs on day 96 postpartum and conceived at first service (AI) giving CR of 16.66%, while in group-II three cows exhibited estrus between day 73 and 86 postpartum, and conceived with one or two AI giving CR of 50% by 150 days postpartum. In both the groups, all other cows remained subestrus for more than 150 days postpartum and conceived very late, though mostly with single service at spontaneous estrus. The mean values of plasma progesterone (0.74 ± 0.32 to 5.57 ± 0.78 ng/mL), total cholesterol (103.88 ± 3.20 to 237.17 ± 24.66 mg/dL) and triglycerides (17.07 ± 1.16 to 28.29 ± 1.75 mg/dL) differed significantly (p less than 0.01) between postpartum intervals in both the groups, but not between groups at any of the intervals. The values of plasma total protein, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and magnesium as well as trace elements, viz., zinc, iron, copper, cobalt, and manganese, however varied insignificantly and inconsistently between intervals and also between groups from day 0 to day 140 postpartum. Thus, the insertion of Mega mineral ruminal bolus on the day of calving did not influence the plasma profile of biochemical/ metabolic constituents and macro-micro minerals profile in lactating postpartum Kankrej cows and was not beneficial in improving postpartum fertility. However, further study on a larger sample size is required to draw a valid conclusion.

Assessment and selection based on girth and yield performance of new &lt;em&gt;Hevea genotypes&lt;/em&gt; generated from controlled hybridization

The objective of this study was to evaluate the girth and yield performance of new Hevea genotypes obtained from the 1998 hand pollination (HP) program. Sixty-five new genotypes were assessed along with the control clones viz. RRIC 121, RRIC 130 and RRISL 205. Dry rubber yield for six years, annual girth at the 14th year and girth increment, percentage of tappable trees, survival trees and tapping panel dryness affected trees and latex properties of selected genotypes were evaluated. Considering the results, 63% of the genotypes were recorded as significantly higher or similar average yield compared to control clones. The genotypes, 98-80 and 98-219 were the top-rankers with average yields of 53.7 g and 52.0 g per tree per tapping, respectively. Moreover, the progeny generated from 1998 hand pollination consisted of good yielders similar to the yield of the clone RRIC 121 and could be considered as potential candidates for future clonal selection programmes to develop elite clones. Eighty-two percent of the genotypes showed significantly higher or similar mean girth compared to controls. Genotypes, 98-276 and 98-68 were ranked at number one and two, which have obtained respective girth values of 80.6 cm and 76.5 cm. Eighteen percent of genotypes recorded more than 70 cm of mean girth, which was an indicator of the development of vigorous timber clones in the future. Moreover, these genotypes possess high yield potential. Almost all the genotypes had significantly high girth increment during the immature phase than the post tapping phase. Genotypes 98-80 and 98-219 had performed well based on the dry rubber content (DRC), sucrose and inorganic phosphorus values. In conclusion, the 1998 HP programmes has generated a valuable pool of genotypes that have paved the path to producing outstanding Hevea clones.

Genetic Contribution to Variation in Blood Calcium, Phosphorus, and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Pigs.

Blood values of calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (IP), and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) are valuable indicators for mineral status and bone mineralization. The mineral homeostasis is maintained by absorption, retention, and excretion processes employing a number of known and unknown sensing and regulating factors with implications on immunity. Due to the high inter-individual variation of Ca and P levels in the blood of pigs and to clarify molecular contributions to this variation, the genetics of hematological traits related to the Ca and P balance were investigated in a German Landrace population, integrating both single-locus and multi-locus genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches. Genomic heritability estimates suggest a moderate genetic contribution to the variation of hematological Ca (N = 456), IP (N = 1049), ALP (N = 439), and the Ca/P ratio (N = 455), with values ranging from 0.27 to 0.54. The genome-wide analysis of markers adds a number of genomic regions to the list of quantitative trait loci, some of which overlap with previous results. Despite the gaps in knowledge of genes involved in Ca and P metabolism, genes like THBS2, SHH, PTPRT, PTGS1, and FRAS1 with reported connections to bone metabolism were derived from the significantly associated genomic regions. Additionally, genomic regions included TRAFD1 and genes coding for phosphate transporters (SLC17A1–SLC17A4), which are linked to Ca and P homeostasis. The study calls for improved functional annotation of the proposed candidate genes to derive features involved in maintaining Ca and P balance. This gene information can be exploited to diagnose and predict characteristics of micronutrient utilization, bone development, and a well-functioning musculoskeletal system in pig husbandry and breeding.

Hypotensive episodes on program hemodialysis during dialysis procedure: modern approach for diagnostics, prophylaxis and correction

The study objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of different approaches to correction and prevention of arterial hypotension episodes in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis (HD). Materials and methods. The study included 35patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis in the dialysis center. In all patients, automatic non-invasive measurement of arterial pressure (AP) was performed using a built-in option of the “artificial kidney” device. Prior to the study, all patients underwent clinical test with evaluation of “dry weight” and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Crossover design was used in the study: at the beginning, hypotensive episodes were corrected in all patients using the standard method (the first 4 hemodialysis procedures); then during the following 4 procedures in addition to standard methods a computer algorithm automatically controlling ultrafiltration rate using an automatic system of pressure control (ASPC) with constant AP monitoring (AP was measured prior to hemodialysis and after it and at least 1 time in the first 5 min of the procedure; from the 4h procedure onwards, intervals were determined by the algorithm automatically) was used. Values of mean AP during hemodialysis procedures for the whole monitoring period were analyzed. The duration of the study was 3 weeks for all patients. Results . Mean pre-dialysis systolic and diastolic AP in the patients for the standard approach was 124.6 ± 27.7 and 74.5 ± 21.1 mm Hg, post-dialysis AP was 114.4 ± 24.4 and 71.3 ± 16.3 mm Hg, respectively. For ASPC, pre-dialysis and post-dialysis AP was statistically significantly higher than for the standard approach: 133.2 ± 21.3 and 79.3 ± 15.8 mm Hg (p &lt;0.001; p = 0.009), 125.7 ± 23.9 and 75.9 ± 18.3 mm Hg (p &lt;0.001; p &lt;0.001). Detailed analysis of intra-dialysis AP measured during the standard approach showed that it was 110.2 ± 17.3 and 68.3 ± 13.9 mm Hg. Using ASPC, intra-dialysis AP was significantly higher: 124 ± 20.5 and 75.9 ± 14.2 mm Hg (p = 0.03; p = 0.02). Mean AP was also higher: 82.5 ± 13.9 mm Hgfor the standard approach versus 91.5 ± 15.6 mm Hg (p = 0.01) for ASPC. The ultrafiltration rates were slightly higher without ASPC (8.2 ml/kg/hour vs. 7.9 ml/kg/hour). Therefore, it was shown that the use of ASPC in addition to standard methods of hypotension correction is effective and safe. There weren»t any significant differences in «hemodialysis-dose effectiveness» (Kt/V) in both groups; however, in the ASPC group target values of inorganic phosphorus in serum (for a dialysis patient) were reached which is one of the most important parameters of hemodialysis adequacy. Concentration of inorganic phosphorus for the ultrafiltration control algorithm was 1.5 mmol/l, for the standard dialysis program — 1.8 mmol/l which shows benefits of ASPC. This data didn»t reach statistical significance (p = 0.07) which likely can be attributed to a low number of observations. Conclusion . Intra-dialysis hypotension with high ultrafiltration rates is a frequent and potentially dangerous complication of hemodialysis which negatively affects patients» long-term prognosis mainly due to an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A new method for prevention and correction of hypotension using ASPC allows to decrease ultrafiltration rate on time preventing a hypotensive episode, decreasing its rates and improving attainment of AP target values (both pre- and post-dialysis) as well as intra-dialysis variation during dialysis procedure.

Studies on phosphorus deficiency in the Qianbei-Pockmarked goat.

ObjectiveQianbei-Pockmarked goats are affected by a disorder locally referred to as ‘Ruanguzheng Disorder’, which is characterized by emaciation, lameness, muscular relaxation, stiffness of the extremities, and abnormal curvatures of the long bones. Our objective was to determine the relationship between the disorder and phosphorus deficiency.MethodsTissue samples were collected from affected and healthy animals, while soil and herbage samples were collected from affected and healthy pastures. Biochemical parameters were determined using an automatic biochemical analyzer (OLYMPUS AU 640, Olympus Optical Co., Tokyo, Japan). Mineral contents in soil, forage, and tissue were determined using a Perkin-Elmer AAS5000 atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Perkin-Elmer, Norwalk, CT, USA).ResultsThe results showed that phosphorus contents in herbages from affected pastures were markedly lower than those from healthy areas (p<0.01), and the ratio of calcium to phosphorus in the affected herbages was 12.93:1. The phosphorus contents of wool, blood, tooth, and bone from affected animals were also markedly lower than those from healthy animals (p<0.01). Serum phosphorus values in affected animals were much lower than those in healthy animals, while serum alkaline phosphatase values from affected animals were markedly higher than those from healthy animals (p<0.01). Inorganic phosphorus values from affected animals were approximately half of that in the control group. Supplementation of disodium hydrogen phosphate prevented and cured the disorder.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that Ruanguzheng disorder in Qianbei-Pockmarked goats is primarily caused by phosphorus deficiencies in herbage due to fenced pastures and natural habitat fragmentation.

Effect of Peripartum Nutritional Supplementation on Plasma Profiles of Macro Minerals and Postpartum Fertility in Jaffarabadi Buffaloes

This investigation was undertaken on 40 transitional Jaffarabadi buffaloes with the objective to evaluate the effect of peripartum nutritional (multiminerals and bypass fat) supplementation without and with micro-minerals (Inj. Stimvet) and oral ecbolic (Boli Exapar) on uterine involution and postpartum fertility including plasma minerals profile. The animals of treatment group (n=20) received additional oral supplements daily with 50 g of chelated mineral mixture and 150 g of bypass fat along with concentrates for 6 weeks prepartum and 2 weeks postpartum over the control farm fed group (n=20). Ten buffaloes in each control and treatment group further received Inj. Stimvet 5 ml (micro-minerals) around day 45 prepartum and on day of calving. Half of these Stimvet treated and control subgroups also received Exapar (n=5) 2 boli/day for 4 consecutive days postpartum. Blood samples were obtained on day –45, –30, –7 and 0 (day of calving), 7, 15, 30, 45, 60 peripartum for estimation of minerals profile. Animals were followed for puerperal events, uterine involution and intervals for postpartum first estrus and conception. The feeding of bypass fat and chelated minerals had significant effect on the time required for expulsion of placenta (3.93±0.24 vs 7.18±0.72 hrs; p Lass Than 0.01), uterine involution (32.75±0.57 vs 37.00±0.56 days; p Lass Than 0.05), intervals for first estrus postpartum (79.05±3.82 vs 100.55±3.47 days; p Lass Than 0.05) and service period (107.10±4.43 vs 133.65±6.04 days; p Lass Than 0.05). The prepartum mean plasma calcium and inorganic phosphorus levels in the buffaloes of both control and treatment groups decreased significantly on the day of calving, and then gradually increased during the days postpartum, again reaching at par with prepartum levels at around day 15-30 postpartum. The mean plasma calcium levels were observed to be higher in treatment than control group at most of the intervals. The mean plasma inorganic phosphorus values on periods closer to calving were apparently higher in treatment group than the control group. Further, the levels during close peripartum period were observed to be apparently higher in untreated subgroup as compared to Stimvet and Exapar alone or its combination subgroups. The mean plasma magnesium concentrations were found to be almost consistent during entire peripartum period studied in both the groups with apparently higher values in treatment than control group at most of the intervals. Very similar trend was also found in subgroups treated with Stimvet and oral Exapar alone or in combination, being little higher in Stimvet injected subgroup.

Do environmental variables predict the trophic structure of fish fauna in a subtropical river (Uruguay River Ecoregion)?

Trophic interactions represent the routes through which energy flows upwards within ecosystems and the understanding of such structuring under varying environmental conditions is still challenging. Here we test the hypothesis that differences in environmental variables act as environmental filters on the composition and trophic structure of local the fish fauna of a subtropical mountain river. We predict that differences in the trophic structure of the fish fauna occur along the river continuum. Main environmental parameters have been measured and fishes were sampled quarterly between August 2013 and May 2014 at six sampling sites in the main channel of the Pelotas River, Upper Uruguay ecoregion. We collected 3848 individuals belonging to 38 species, 4 orders and 11 families. The most (82.1%) consisted of small- and medium-sized individuals. The species were classified into eight trophic guilds: aquatic insectivorous, carnivorous, detritivorous, detritivorous/aquatic insectivorous, herbivorous, iliophagous, omnivorous and piscivorous. In general, herbivorous and piscivorous guilds were the most representative in both number and biomass. Significant differences detected by Permanova were for richness, numerical abundance and biomass between all the sites sampled. Relationships between the environmental variables and the composition of trophic guilds were observed along the longitudinal gradient by RLQ and fourth-corner analyses. The abundance of guilds omnivorous, aquatic insectivorous and herbivorous increases with higher values of chlorophyll-a and vegetation cover, especially characterizing the upstream sites (S1, S2 and S3). On the other hand, the abundance of the iliophagous, detritivorous/insectivorous and piscivorous guilds increases with greater values of width, temperature, inorganic phosphorus and total solids, a fact observed in downstream sites (S4, S5 and S6). Thus, it was possible to identify a clear variation in the trophic structure of the fish fauna along the Pelotas River (upstream-downstream), in which the local variables were efficient in predicting environmental filters that influence the trophic organization. In this scenario, our study follows the longitudinal model and evidences a greater accumulation of energy in food webs in the upstream-downstream direction, which favors the greatest abundance of piscivorous, detritivorous and iliophagous verified in stretches of greater volume and dimensions of river. These results highlight the importance of the local variables and the interrelationships in the lateral connectivity processes along the river continuum.

Physiological values of some blood indicators in selected dwarf rabbit breeds

&lt;p&gt;The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breed on haematological and biochemical indicators in 3 dwarf rabbit breeds. In the experiment, 30 sexually intact dwarf rabbit females aged 6 mo were used. With the sole exception of white blood cells and haematocrit value, breed had the most significant effect on the majority of haematological indicators monitored. The red blood cell count was higher in the Dwarf Lop compared to the Netherland Dwarf (+1.91×10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; cells/L; P&amp;lt;0.05) and also the Teddy Dwarf (+1.32×10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; cells/L; P&amp;lt;0.05). For haemoglobin concentration, a higher value was found in the Netherland Dwarf than in the Teddy Dwarf (+39.29 g/L; P&amp;lt;0.05) and the Dwarf Lop (+26.36 g/L; P&amp;lt;0.05). For erythrocytic indicators, the highest values of mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were found in the Netherland Dwarf. The breed had a significant effect on the urea and potassium values. A higher value of urea was recorded in the Dwarf Lop compared to the Teddy Dwarf (+1.56 mmol/L; P&amp;lt;0.05). For potassium, a higher value was found in the Netherland Dwarf compared to the Teddy Dwarf (+0.85 mmol/L; P&amp;lt;0.05). In addition, a significantly positive correlation (P&amp;lt;0.05) was found between the live weight of dwarf females and values of haematocrit (0.49), albumin (0.54), alanine aminotransferase (0.51), and aspartate aminotransferase (0.41), while a significantly negative correlation (P&amp;lt;0.05) was found between their live weight and values of triacylglycerols (–0.44), alkaline phosphatase (–0.38) and inorganic phosphorus (–0.52). &lt;/p&gt;

Effects of age on intestinal phosphate transport and biochemical values of broiler chickens.

ObjectiveThe objective of this experiment was to characterize the mRNA expression profile of type IIb sodium-inorganic phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-IIb) and the biochemical values of serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP), calcium, inorganic phosphorus, tibial ash and minerals of broiler chickens with aging.MethodsA total of 56 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broiler chickens were used. Broiler chickens were weighed and samples were collected weekly from day 1.ResultsThe result showed that before the growth inflection point, ash, calcium, and phosphorus content in the tibia of broiler chickens increased with growth (before 3 weeks of age), although there were no significant differences in chicks at different ages in the later period of the experiment and weight gain rate was relatively slow at this stage (4 to 6 weeks). NaPi-IIb gene expression in the small intestine in the early growth stage was higher than that in the later growth stage. Expression of calbindin and the vitamin D receptor protein in the intestinal mucosa increased with age in the duodenum and jejunum. Serum AKP activity first increased and subsequently decreased after peaking at 1 week of age, but there was no significant difference after 3 weeks of age.ConclusionThese results show that compared with the early growth stage, the weight-gain rate of broiler chickens in the late growth stage gradually decreased with gradual tibia maturation, along with weaker positive transport of phosphorus in the intestine and reinforced re-absorption of phosphorus in the kidney, which might be the reason that phosphorus requirement in the late growth stage was decreased.

Effect of Ovsynch and Mid-Cycle PGF2α Treatment Protocols on Conception Rates and Plasma Biochemical and Minerals Profile in Repeat Breeding Cows and Buffaloes

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Ovsynch and Mid-cycle PGF 2 α protocols on conception rate and influence on plasma biochemical and mineral constituents in 20 each repeat breeding cows and buffaloes equally divided into Ovsynch and Mid-cycle PGF 2 α protocols. Ten each healthy early postpartum cows and buffaloes served as normal cyclic controls. All the animals were inseminated at mid-estrus using good quality frozen-thawed semen and were kept under observation for next estrus or pregnancy. The first service conception rates at induced estrus obtained in repeat breeding cows and buffaloes were 50.00 and 40.00 % in Ovsynch protocol, and 40.00 and 50.00 % in mid-cycle PGF 2 α treatment, respectively, and 40.00 % each in normal control group. The overall mean values of total protein for conceived and non-conceived cows of Ovsynch protocol were 7.98±0.17 and 7.38±0.11 g/dl and for buffaloes 9.18±0.18 and 7.30±0.05 g/dl, respectively, being significantly higher in conceived ones in both the species. The mean cholesterol level in Ovsynch protocol was insignificantly higher in non-conceived than conceived cows (197.43±13.45 vs. 176.80±9.54 mg/dl). Contrary to this finding, in buffaloes it was higher in conceived than non-conceived group (149.43±9.02 vs. 135.65±9.81 mg/dl). No significant difference was observed in total protein and cholesterol profile between conceived and non-conceived groups of cows and buffaloes under Mid-cycle PG treatment. Also no significant differences were observed in values of calcium and inorganic phosphorus between days and between conceived and non-conceived groups of cows or buffaloes, apparently the values of both were higher in normal cyclic groups as compared to repeat breeders. The overall pooled values of calcium and phosphorus in cows under Ovsynch protocol were 9.17±0.12 and 4.44±0.10, and under Mid-cycle PGF 2 α group 9.23±0.10 and 4.61±0.05 mg/dl, respectively, while in buffaloes the corresponding values under Ovsynch protocol were 9.88±0.10 and 4.94±0.05, and under Mid-cycle PGF 2 α group 9.33±0.10 and 4.67±0.05 mg/dl, respectively. From the results, it can be inferred that hormonal therapies used significantly improved the pregnancy rates in repeat breeding cows and buffaloes under field conditions, without influencing the plasma biochemical and minerals profiles.

Effects of invasive fish and quality of water and sediment on macrophytes biomass, and their consequences for the waterbird community of a Mediterranean floodplain

Floodplains are among the most threatened ecosystems world-wide because of multiple stressors, i.e., invasive species, pollution and aquifer overexploitation; the Tablas de Daimiel National Park (Spain) is a clear example of these kinds of impact. This work aims to test whether invasive fish and/or the water and sediment quality are significant drivers of the decline of stonewort (Chara spp.) meadows in the Tablas de Daimiel, investigating how this could explain changes observed in the waterbird community. Bird surveys performed monthly between June 2010 and April 2014 have shown that herbivorous species like the red-crested pochard (Netta rufina) reached historical records between September 2010 and June 2011, but have decreased since then. Piscivorous waterbirds like the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) and herons increased in population after 2011, however. These changes may be due to the decline of Chara spp. meadows, connected to overexploitation by herbivores, or to changes in water and sediment quality. To test this hypothesis, we studied the growth of Chara spp. biomass in ten sites of the Tablas de Daimiel, where experimental exclosures were set up to exclude herbivory by birds, and bioturbation and herbivory by fish. Our results have shown that the absence of Chara spp. in the Tablas de Daimiel is mostly explained by presence of invasive fish (i.e. common carp). Moreover, the physicochemical characteristics of the water (lower values of conductivity and higher values of inorganic carbon and organic nitrogen), as well as of the sediment (lower values of inorganic and organic phosphorus), favour the increase of Chara spp., in the absence of the fish effect. These results led the National Park managers to begin the control of invasive fish as an urgent measure to assure the ecological conservation of this Mediterranean wetland.

Biochemical Status During Oestrus Cycle in Regular and Repeat Breeding Cows

The present study was undertaken at cattle breeding farm of Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur. Serum biochemical profile of repeat breeding cross bred (jersey x Sahiwal) cows was evaluated and compared with that of regular breeding cows. The average total serum total protein, serum calcium and serum inorganic phosphorus values in repeat breeding cows were significantly (P>0.01) lower than the values in regular breeding cows. The average serum cholesterol in repeat breeding cows was significantly (P>0.05) lower than the value of regular breeding cows. The difference in the values of serum total protein, serum cholesterol and serum inorganic phosphorus on 0, 7th, and 15th days of oestrus cycle in regular and repeat breeding cows was found to be non significant. However, significantly (P>0.05) higher values of serum calcium were recorded in regular and repeat breeding cows on 0 day, which significantly decreased on 7th and slightly increased on 15th day of oestrus cycle.

Mineral deficiency predisposes occurrence of retention of placenta in crossbred

Aim: The present study was carried out to investigate the relationship between blood serum concentrations of macro and micro minerals and development of retention of placenta (ROP) in crossbred cattle. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out at Instructional Livestock Farm, Bihar Veterinary College and local Khatals in and around Patna. A total of 20 crossbred cattle (n=10 with normal expulsion of the placenta as control and n=10 with ROP) were selected in the present study. Blood samples were collected from these animals and serum was separated and stored in the deep freezer at −20°C till further analysis. The estimation of serum macro-minerals (Ca, P, Ca/P ratio) was done by Span diagnostic Kits (Surat, India) and trace minerals or micro-minerals (Zn, Cu, and Fe) were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer AAS 220). Mean values were compared between both the groups at 0 h (at parturition) and 12 h after parturition. Results: The mean values of serum calcium and zinc were found significantly lower in cattle having ROP than control at both 0 h and 12 h after parturition. The mean values of serum Ca and P ratio obtained at 0 hour were significantly lower in ROP groups as compared to control groups and non-significant at 12 h. The mean values of serum inorganic phosphorus, copper and iron was found non-significantly lower in ROP cases as compared to control. Conclusions: Macro and micro mineral deficiency such as calcium, iron, zinc and copper in blood serum may be predisposing factor for the occurrence of retention of placenta in crossbred cattle.

Differences in clinical chemistry values according to the use of two laxatives for colonoscopy

ObjectivesPolyethylene glycol–electrolyte lavage solutions (PEG–ELSs) and sodium phosphate formulations (NaPs) are two major colon cleansing laxatives used in preparation for endoscopic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract. PEG–ELSs are osmotically balanced preparations, whereas NaPs are hyperosmotic purgatives. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of these two laxatives on routine chemistry tests. Design and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed 9366 clinical records of patients who had health checkups with or without colonoscopy from July 2010 to June 2011. We compared the values of 19 clinical chemistry parameters in the NaPs group (n=3239) and the PEG–ELSs group (n=1279) with those of controls (without colonoscopy, n=4848). ResultsCompared with controls, the NaPs group had higher mean values of inorganic phosphate, sodium, chloride, creatinine, total protein, AST, and ALT, and lower mean values of calcium and potassium, exceeding acceptable biases. Notably, inorganic phosphate showed the largest % bias (51.14%). In the PEG–ELSs laxative group, higher mean values of inorganic phosphorus, creatinine, uric acid, AST, and total bilirubin and a lower mean value of potassium were observed compared with controls, exceeding acceptable biases. The effects of NaPs on inorganic phosphate, calcium, and electrolyte levels exceeded those of PEG–ELSs. ConclusionsPEG–ELSs rather than NaPs are recommended as the first choice for bowel preparation, taking safety concerns and the reliability of laboratory values into account. Blood chemistry data from blood samples drawn after the ingestion of laxatives for colonoscopy should be interpreted with caution.

Changes in blood values of glucose, insulin and inorganic phosphorus in healthy and ketotic cows during an intravenos glucose tolerance test

The aim of the present study was to determine the degree of blood glucose utilization by peripheral tissue on the basis of changes in blood concentrations of glucose, insulin and inorganic phosphorus in healthy (n=8) and cows with ketosis (n=7) after intravenous infusion of glucose solution. After intravenous infusion of a total of 500 ml of 50 % of glucose solution, glucose and insulin blood values in both groups of cows increased significantly within 10 and 30 minutes of the experiment (P &lt; 0.05). After intravenous infusion of glucose, it was established that values of inorganic phosphorus were decreased (P &lt; 0.05) in blood in both groups of cows. Within testing period there was a significant decrease (P &lt; 0.01) in the blood value of inorganic phosphorus in ketotic cows in comparison with healthy ones. This is linked with the active entry of glucose into the glucolytic pathway of peripheral tissues. It can thus be concluded that there is a higher degree of blood glucose utilization by peripheral tissues in ketotic cows.