Humidity Values Research Articles

Smart Drip Irrigation System Based on IoT Using Fuzzy Logic

The absence of a water drip rate control system in drip irrigation systems has impacted water use efficiency and normalization of soil moisture. Therefore, this research aims to develop an intelligent system using the fuzzy logic method to control the rate of water droplets in a drip irrigation system and maintain soil moisture in normal conditions. The DHT22 sensor is used to obtain temperature and humidity values, which are then used as input data and processed by the ESP32 microcontroller, which includes a fuzzy system. The Internet of Things (IoT) is also used to send data from the microcontroller to the Thingspek web server. The Blynk application is used to make it easier to monitor temperature, humidity, and water droplet rate values. The results of this research show that the temperature accuracy values produced using the MSE evaluation were 6.66667 and RMSE were 2.58199, while for temperature, the values for MSE were 0.128333 and RMSE were 0.358236. The average value of soil moisture produced in the planting medium is 44.46%; this value is within normal conditions for chili plants, where normal soil moisture conditions range between 40% - 60%

Connecting an Offshore Dry Air Stratospheric Intrusion with the Outbreak of Soberanes Fire 2016

Abstract This study investigates the connection between the arrival of dry stratospheric air and the Soberanes Fire (2016). The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT) and Goddard Earth Observing System Forward Processing model (GEOS-FP) are used for back-trajectories and offshore deep stratospheric intrusion in conjunction with the ignition and outbreak of the fire. The back-trajectory analysis indicates that most air reaching the vertical column was critically dry, exhibiting relative humidity values below 10%. As the fire ignited, dry air arrived from due west at heights of 1–3 km about 24 h prior. During the overnight fire growth, dry air arrived from the northwest to north-northwest at heights of 3.5–5.5 km 48–72 h prior. The synoptic and GEOS-FP analyses demonstrate offshore mid-to-low stratospheric intrusion. On 21 July 2016, an enclosed upper-level low approached the California–Oregon border along the northwesterly subtropical jet stream hours before the fire outbreak. The GEOS-FP results of potential vorticity, specific humidity, and ozone along the back-trajectories to the west and northwest of the fire suggest a stratospheric intrusion event into the mid-to-low troposphere at the back-trajectory start points, and vertical velocity indicates sinking motion. The specific humidity analyzed at the arrival time shows the transport of the abnormally dry air to the Soberanes Fire. Results suggest a connection between dry stratospheric air transported to the Soberanes Fire at ignition and overnight accelerated growth, supported by a dark bank in satellite water vapor imagery. The prediction of low-level transport of dry stratospheric air to the coastal communities could help to predict the occurrence of wildfire outbreaks, or periods of accelerated fire growth.

Sistem Pengering Biji Kakao dengan Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Logic.

Monitoring system The cocoa bean dryer is a system created to make it easier for emping melinjo craftsmen to combine the cocoa bean drying process based on temperature, humidity, weight and drying status. This system was created in the form of an application called MONIBIK Iot, in this application there is data on Temperature, Humidity, Weight and Drying Status as well as graphic displays. MONIBIK IoT can be accessed anywhere and at any time, provided the device must be connected to an internet connection. The conclusion from the research carried out is that the test results in the process of sending data from the system to the server display data values ​​in real time. Based on the test results of the sensor in measuring the level of drying of cocoa beans, based on temperature, humidity and weight results that can be obtained in the measurement process, the sensor can work well. The test data shows that the temperature value has increased, while the humidity and weight values ​​have decreased. This shows that the cocoa bean dryer is operating properly.
 Keywords— Monitoring, Mikrokontroler, Cocoa bean, Fuzzy.

Smart Garden on Chili Plants Based on IoT

Abstract:Cultivating chili plants requires special attention such as temperature and soil humidity. Internet of Things (IoT) technology is a technology that allows objects around us to be connected to the internet network. The widespread adoption of various internet of things technologies has a very pronounced influence in the domestic sector such as home and smart car applications, and the agricultural sector is no exception.Temperature monitoring system, humidityIoT-based soil pan on chili plants (smart garden) is an IoT-based monitoring system design to control temperature and soil moisture on chili plants which can make it easier for farmers to measure soil and plant conditions and to make it easier for farmers to monitor the quality of their agricultural land. The process of creating a monitoring system design begins with interviews to collect primary data and literature studies to collect secondary data. Then carry out system design, tool assembly and implementation. The system for monitoring and controlling temperature and soil moisture using IoT can be run using Windows operating system software. The hardware used is the DHT11 temperature sensor, Moisture Sensor, Arduino, and Nodemcu ESP8266. This system utilizes a pump and fan for its hardware, using an automatic system implementation from a microcontroller so that it can make the hardware run without user intervention.If the humidity value displayed on the LCD is <70% then the pump will be on and the plants will be watered, and if the humidity is >80% then the pump will be off and stop watering.

Study on Syntaxonomic Diversity of Algal Cenoses in Soils of the Russian Far East, Using an Integrative Taxonomic Approach.

Soil is a unique ecosystem with peculiar biodiversity that includes cyanobacteria and algae. Traditionally, cyanobacterial and algal cenoses were described mainly using the dominance approach, rarely based on the Braun-Blanquet method (floristic classification). More importantly, in both cases, the species of cyanobacteria and algae in communities were identified using classical methods (light microscopy) only. In this study, we present results of soil algal cenoses classification using the Braun-Blanquet approach based on species composition data obtained via an integrative approach. Characteristic tables include 19 out of 108 samples collected in the Jewish Autonomous Region, Primorsky Territory, and Sakhalin Region (Iturup Island) in 2018 and in 2020-2021. Twenty-five species of algae from four classes were identified in these sites. We described three new associations of algal communities-Coelastrelletum aeroterrestricae ass. nova, Vischerietum magnae ass. nova, Bracteacoccetum bullati ass. nova. PCA analysis corroborated the results of syntaxonomic analysis and revealed that Coelastrelletum aeroterrestricae inhabit soils with a high value of P; Vischerietum magnae inhabit soils with high value of soil organic carbon (SOC), N, and higher humidity; and Bracteacoccetum bullati inhabit soils with high K values.

A Study on the Effect of Housing on Haematological Parameters of Nellore Lambs

A study was carried out to find out the effect of housing on haematological parameters of Nellore Jodipi lambs. Thirty weaned Nellore ram lambs of 3-4 months age were divided into three groups of ten each. The lambs in Group-I were housed with morum flooring and asbestos roofing with tree shade, while Group-II lambs were housed with morum flooring and asbestos roofing without tree shade and Group-III lambs were housed with elevated slatted flooring and galvalume roofing without tree shade. Temperature and humidity values were significantly (P<0.05) different among all the groups. Lower mean maximum temperature (°C) values were observed in group III (35.53±0.28) when compared to group I (36.22±0.27) and II (37.29±0.25) and the lower average maximum relative humidity (%) was 69.59±2.92 in group III followed by group II (69.88±2.94) and I (70.65±2.96). The mean haematological parameters like RBC, WBC, Hb, PCV were significantly (P<0.05) lower in group III (8.22±1.00×106/μl, 6.99±1.00×103/μl, 10.22±0.08 g/dl, 28.23±1.00 %) when compared to group I (9.66±1.00×106/μl, 9.01±1.00×103/μl, 10.85±0.08 g/dl, 31.27±1.00 %) and II (11.96±1.00×106/μl, 11.73±1.00×103/μl, 13.64±1.00 g/dl, 37.27±1.00%), respectively, whereas, other parameters like MCH, MCV, MCHC are significantly (P<0.05) higher in group III (11.52±1.00 pg, 34.92±1.00 fl, 36.57±1.00 g/dl) when compared to group I (10.23±1.00 pg, 31.85±1.00 fl, 34.02±1.00 g/dl) and II (8.92±1.00 pg, 28.05±1.00 fl, 32.15±1.00 g/dl), respectively. It was concluded that the housing system of elevated slatted flooring with galvalume roofing proved to be effective in controlling heat stress and maintaining normal hematological parameters for better growth performance of Nellore ram lambs..

Five invasive alien plant powders, Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] H. Karst.) wood ash and diatomaceous earth against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) adults: are they closer to guns or roses?

We tested the insecticidal efficacy of different powders as surface treatment against the rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) adults. We have applied dusts from five invasive alien plant species (Solidago canadensis, Solidago gigantea, Amorpha fruticosa, Rhus typhina, Ailanthus altissima) and two inert dusts, i.e. wood ash from Norway Spruce (Picea abies) and commercial product SilicoSec® (as diatomaceous earth). Mortality was evaluated from 1st till 7th day after exposure, at 20 and 25 °C, two values of relative humidity and two doses (20 and 40 g/m2). After Day 7, alive beetles were placed into clean Petri dishes, and mortality counts were measured from 8th till 14th day. In general, we have detected poor efficacy of plant powders against S. oryzae. SilicoSec® at 20 g/m2 caused 100 % mortality at 25 °C and 55% RH, after seven days. Wood ash (13.46% SiO2) was less effective in comparison to SilicoSec® (79.48% SiO2), as approx. 60% mortality was recorded at the same conditions. We have detected that leaves of A. altissima and flowers od S. gigantea are rich with polyphenols (like catechin hydrate), on average almost 17 mg/g in S. gigantea flowers. Flowers and leaves of Solidago species are also rich with essential oil, like beta-copaene. The results of our research indicate that the powders of invasive plants are closer to fragrant roses in controlling S. oryzae adults, while the gun for this pest is only diatomaceous earth. To improve the effectiveness of invasive plant products, we suggest testing their independent effectiveness in liquid form as well as combinations of their essential oils with inert dusts.

A Study on the Effect of Housing on Growth Performance of Nellore Lambs

A study was carried out to find out the effect of housing on growth performance of Nellore Jodipi lambs under tropical environmental conditions. Thirty weaned Nellore ram lambs of 3-4 months age were selected based on body weight (average initial body weight) and randomly divided into three groups of ten animals each. The lambs in Group-I were housed with morum flooring and asbestos roofing with tree shade, while Group-II lambs were housed with morum flooring and asbestos roofing without tree shade and Group-III lambs were housed with elevated slatted flooring and galvalume roofing without tree shade. Temperature and humidity values were significantly (P<0.05) different among all the groups. Lower mean maximum temperature (°C) values were observed in group III (35.53±0.28) when compared to group I (36.22±0.27) and II (37.29±0.25) and the lower average maximum relative humidity (%) was 69.59±2.92 in group III followed by group II (69.88±2.94) and I (70.65±2.96). The average body weight of lambs after 120 days in group I, II and III was 19.92±0.52, 18.89±0.32 and 22.26±0.44 kg, respectively. The mean ADG of Nellore lambs at different weekly intervals was 31.0±1.00, 23.0±1.00 and 49.0±1.00 g in group I, II and III, respectively. Significant (P<0.05) differences were observed in body weights and ADG among the three groups. It was concluded that the housing system of elevated slatted flooring with galvalume roofing proved to be effective in controlling heat stress and maintaining normal physiological responses for better growth performance of Nellore ram lambs.

The microclimate occupied by the hyperoceanic liverwort Leptoscyphus cuneifolius (Hook.) Mitt. within a temperate rain forest in Wales

ABSTRACT Introduction Because climate change risks serious negative impacts on drought-sensitive species in Britain, in the short as well as the long term, the microclimate occupied by the hyperoceanic liverwort Leptoscyphus cuneifolius within a temperate rain forest in Wales was investigated. Methods At Coed y Rhygen, Gwynedd, Wales, 10 trees occupied by the liverwort were randomly selected, and its abundance was measured on the southerly and northerly aspect of each trunk. Data loggers were installed to measure temperature, relative humidity and illuminance on both aspects, from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2022. Temperature and relative humidity values were used to calculate vapour pressure deficit (VPD). Bootstrap paired t-tests were used to test for significant differences in the mean number of locations of Leptoscythus cuneifolius on the southerly versus northerly aspects of trunks, and in the monthly mean values of temperature, VPD and illuminance on the southerly versus northerly aspects. Results and conclusions Leptoscyphus cuneifolius is significantly more abundant on the northerly aspect of trunks, and the microclimate that it occupies is dynamic, both spatially and temporally. In early spring, a sharp peak occurs in solar radiation and VPD, especially on the southerly aspect, caused by the altitude of the sun rising from its winter low and the subsequent emergence of the deciduous forest leaf canopy. Further study is required to understand the effects of the macroclimate on the microclimate occupied by hyperoceanic bryophytes in temperate rain forest, and to what extent this habitat may provide a refuge from climate change.

Optimization of Temperature and Humidity Monitoring for Warehouse in the same Geographical Environment

The purpose of this study is to solve the problem: in the warehouse temperature and humidity monitoring, due to the wide area and large number of warehouses, a large number of monitoring systems and equipment are arranged, which need to reduce investment and maintenance costs. Considering the same geographical environment, select 1 or 2 typical warehouses to represent the temperature and humidity of this region, so as to reduce the investment of monitoring equipment. We experimented with two regions separately, with 5 warehouses in each region. Temperature and humidity were collected for a period of time, and cluster analysis was carried out based on their maximum value, average value or comprehensive statistics of the two regions. The results show: (1) When clustering according to the maximum temperature and humidity, there are 2 types of significant differences warehouses in the same geographical environment. (2) When clustering according to the mean value of temperature and humidity, there are 2 or 3 types of significant differences warehouses in the same geographical environment, and the clustering result is different from that of clustering according to the maximum value. (3) When clustering according to the maximum value and average value of temperature and humidity, there is no significant difference warehouses in the same geographical environment, which can be classified as the same warehouse. No matter considering the maximum value, average value or the combination of the two statistics, the typical warehouse can be selected to represent the same geographical environment, so as to reduce the monitoring equipment investment and storage management workload.

Spatial analysis of environmental pollution in the soil of sports stadiums in Iraqi cities

This research covers about 15 sites in sports stadiums located in Iraqi cities to measure the concentration of radon, carbon dioxide, and volatile organic compounds, as well as humidity. the results for (Radon, Co2, Voc, and Humidity) in the soil of sports stadiums in Iraqi cities. The data reveals that Radon concentrations ranged from 4.000 Bq/m3 to 13.000 Bq/m3, with an average of 7.86 ±0.77Bq/m3. Similarly, the concentrations of Co2 (ppm) varied from 388.0 ppm to 800.0 ppm, with an average of 610±35.196 ppm. Additionally, the concentrations of Voc (ppb) ranged from 77.00 ppb to 300.0 ppb , with an average of 200.±28.867ppb. The values for Humidity % ranged from 19.17 % to 55.%, with an average of 33. ±3.198 %.. Finally, based on these results, some soil samples taken from sports fields can be considered to be within the acceptable limit.

Sterile Instrument Storage in an Austere Environment: Are Sterile Peel Packaging and Cellulose Wrapping Equivalent?

Recommendations for optimal temperature and humidity for sterile instrument storage vary according to different sources. Furthermore, there are limited data comparing methods of packing smaller, lightweight, low-profile instruments. The purpose of this study was to compare sterile peel packaging and sterile cellulose wrapping for sterile instrument storage in an austere environment characterized by elevated temperature and humidity. Stainless steel screws were sterilized and stored in either sterile peel packaging, sterile cellulose wrapping, or no packaging. Four groups were evaluated. Group 1 consisted of four screws in a sterile peelpack envelope and served as a time-zero control. Group 2 consisted of two groups of five screws, each packaged with blue sterilization cellulose wrap. Group 3 consisted of two groups of five screws, each packaged in sterile peel-pack envelopes. Group 4 consisted of 10 non-sterile unpackaged screws, which served as controls. Screws from groups 2, 3, and 4 were then cultured for 6 and 12 weeks. Temperature and humidity values were recorded in the instrument storage area. Average temperature was 21.3°C (SD 1.2°C; range 18.9°C-27.2°C) and average humidity was 51.7% (SD 3.9%; range 39%- 70%). Groups 1 (time-zero control) and 2 (sterile cellulose wrapping) demonstrated no growth. After 6 and 12 weeks, groups 3 (sterile peel packaging) and 4 (control) demonstrated bacterial growth. The most common culture isolates were gram-positive rods and two common nosocomial Staphylococcius species. Sterile peel packaging was not found to be equivalent to sterile cellulose wrapping in austere environmental conditions.

Automation of humidity in the greenhouses for plant cultivation

Greenhouse is a building formed to protect and care for plants from various kinds of weather and pests on plants. In addition, greenhouses also function to manipulate and control environmental conditions so that the conditions needed for plant growth are met. Air humidity is one of the environmental conditions that affect plant growth and can be controlled by automatic fogging so that plants can grow optimally. This research aims to produce an atomization system and maintain air humidity in the greenhouse automatically. The use of this research is as an information material for farming communities to control air humidity automatically in greenhouses through the use of technology. This research was carried out by designing automatic fogging to keep the air humidity value constant. The sensor test results show that the air humidity (RH) value when plants photosynthesize optimally, namely morning to evening within a 12 hour period, is around 84.17% with setting points of 80% and 90%. And the test results show that the system can maintain the air humidity value constant according to the given setting point.

Modifiye atmosfer ile paketlemenin etli mantının raf ömrü ve kalite özelliklerine etkisi

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of modified atmosphere packaging on the shelf-life and quality characteristics of mantı (a meat-filled pasta product) stored in refrigerator conditions. In this direction, mantı, whose humidity value is reduced to 34% with the pre-drying process, were packaged with different gas mixtures (ambient air, 80% CO2 + 20% N2, 60% CO2 + 40% N2, 40% CO2 + 60% N2, 20% O2 + 40% CO2 + 40% N2) and kept in cold storage for 90 days. In this process, mantı samples were analysed regarding physico-chemical, microbiological, colour and sensory parameters. According to the findings, Escherichia coli, sulfide-reducing anaerobic bacteria and Salmonella spp. were not detected. While total aerobic mesophilic microorganism and mould yeast counts increased throughout storage, they were lowest in packages containing 80% CO2. The high count of microorganisms in the samples packaged with ambient air also showed parallelism with the lipid oxidation values, causing the products to remain below acceptable sensory levels starting from the 60th day of storage. In the modified atmosphere packaging application, the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the package ensured that the texture and flavour properties of the mantı were preserved close to the first day during their shelf life. As a result, the modified atmosphere packaging application preserved the quality characteristics of mantı for a long time, increased their stay in the aisle and allowed them to be acceptable to consumers. While the protective effect increased, especially with the increasing amount of CO2 in the gas composition, the product's sensory properties were also preserved during storage, and economic losses could be prevented.

Strong differences in microclimate among the habitats of a forest-steppe ecosystem

Microclimate has a substantial impact on plant composition, survival, and growth, as well as ecosystem processes. Although microclimatic conditions in anthropogenically fragmented ecosystems have received considerable scientific attention, they are understudied in naturally fragmented ecosystems, including forest-steppes. In addition, earlier investigations in these mosaics only measured microclimate parameters for a very short period (i.e., 24 hours on a single summer day). In the present study, the long-term microclimatic conditions were described in multiple habitat types, both woody and non-woody, in a sandy forest-steppe ecosystem in the Kiskunság, central Hungary. The aim of this study was to answer (1) how air humidity and temperature conditions differ among the studied habitats during the growing season and (2) which habitats are more stressed to vegetation growth regarding vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Wireless sensors recording air temperature and humidity values were used to monitor microclimatic parameters. VPD values were calculated based on the obtained air temperature and humidity, and two thresholds at 1.2 and 3.0 kPa were defined. To compare mean air temperature and humidity variables, as well as above-threshold VPD rate among habitat types, general linear models were used. Our results indicated that open grasslands were the warmest and driest habitats. Among woody habitats, south-facing edges had the harshest microclimatic conditions. The current work also found that small forest patches and larger forest patches had similar air temperature and humidity variables. Regarding VPD, open grasslands were the most stressed for vegetation growth from May to October. During the summer season, forest patches had a small moderating effect at the limiting threshold of 1.2 kPa VPD, but a stronger moderating effect at the 3.0 kPa threshold. With ongoing climate change, this role of forest patches is expected to become increasingly important in forest-steppes. Therefore, it is suggested that the remaining near-natural forest stands in sandy forest-grassland ecosystems should be prioritized for protection, and that scattered trees or groups of trees of native species should be established in extensive treeless grasslands.

BIOCLIMATIC AND HYDROMINERAL COMPONENTS OF NATURAL RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THE CARPATHIAN REGION OF UKRAINE

Among the components of the natural recreational potential of the Carpathian region of Ukraine, a special place is occupied by bioclimatic and hydromineral resources, therefore the purpose of the work is to assess their features. The bioclimatic component of the natural recreational potential of this region determines the comfort (discomfort) of human sensations and well-being, so it is important to identify possible positive and negative impacts of various climatic factors and their dynamics in mountain and foothill areas during different seasons of the year. The bioclimatic component of the natural recreational potential is assessed from the point of view of the comfort of climatic conditions for the body of a healthy person. The work is based on the results of modeling the average daily values of air temperature (t), wind speed (v) and relative humidity (f) according to the RCP4.5 scenario (trajectory of changes in the average level of greenhouse gases concentration) from 2021 to 2050 and data from the climate cadastre of Ukraine (1961-1990) at three stations (Dolyna, Rava-Ruska, Uzhgorod) in the foothill areas of the region. There was conducted a study of the possible bioclimatic potential of the Carpathian region of Ukraine and trends of its dynamics until 2050. The article analyzes the features of mineral healing waters of four national nature parks of the Ukrainian Carpathians.

Microclimate Assessment in a 19th‐Century Heritage Building From Romania

The quality of the internal microclimate is a very important issue nowadays, considering that people in developed societies spend a good part of their day inside buildings and means of transport. But the poor quality of indoor air has a double effect; on the one hand, it can harm human health, and on the other hand, it can cause the degradation of materials. Thus, the current study considers the potential influence of a number of 20 pollutants on the exhibits, visitors, and employees of a synagogue that is over 140 years old in the Municipality of Oradea (Romania), which today is included in the list of historical monuments and is open to be visited. The monitoring period consisted of 9 months, during which parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, CO concentration, light intensity, concentration of particulate matter, and other pollutants were monitored. All the obtained values were then reported to the international standards in force for each indicator, both regarding the potential for human health and the integrity of the exhibits. The results indicate that the values of most pollutants respect the allowed thresholds, with more or less permitted exceptions. The most problematic are the values of temperature, relative humidity, HCHO, and VOC, which substantially exceed the allowed limits and vary a considerable difference. This can induce additional stress on the exhibits, leading over time to damage and premature aging; in terms of human health, the indoor microclimate can, in rare cases, cause discomfort associated with headaches, dizziness, and irritation, but the potential to cause persistent ailments is quite low. To maintain a clean internal microclimate, preventive conservation through the continuous monitoring of internal parameters as well as the establishment of long‐term strategies to stabilize the values of pollutants are necessary actions.

Mechanical Improvement of Gas Monitoring System in Monoplace Hyperbaric Chamber to Advance the Safety and Efficacy.

A Monoplace hyperbaric chamber delivers oxygen to the patient's tissues through breathing. Gas monitoring inside the chamber is important because oxygen (O2) is consumed, and carbon dioxide (CO2) is increased because treatment is performed in a closed volume. This study aimed to advance the safety and efficacy of the monoplace hyperbaric chamber (MHC) through mechanical improvement in a gas monitoring system (GMS). First, as the oxygen supply method was changed to the direction of the patient's face, it was compared the values of O2, CO2, humidity, and temperature were measured in the MHC and the GMS when operating at 2.0 atmosphere absolute (ATA) and 3.0 ATA. Second, to evaluate the effects of variables across measuring time, it was analyzed in a 3-way repeated measure ANOVA (10 min.×20 min.×30 min.). Lastly, the values before and after the optimization of the MHC were compared by applying a cooler to prevent temperature rise inside the MHC. In 2.0 ATA, the average humidity was higher in the MHC than in the GMS (p<0.001). Also, the average temperature was lower in the MHC than in the GMS (p<0.001). In 3.0 ATA, the average CO2 and humidity were higher in the MHC than in the GMS, respectively (p<0.001, p=0.004). The 3-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant difference in most main and interacted factors (p<0.05). O2 and temperature, comparing before and after MHC optimization, revealed a significant difference (p<0.05). Few studies have verified safety and effectiveness by evaluating the pressure, oxygen concentration, etc. of a monoplace hyperbaric chamber. Further research is expected to verify the effectiveness of providing comfort to patients receiving hyperbaric oxygen treatment and increase the treatment effect.

Исследование эффективности амидов жирных кислот в качестве ингибиторов атмосферной коррозии

The use of anticorrosive agents increases the service life, reliability and safety of agricultural machinery. The shortage of domestic inhibitors is caused by the lack of a scientifically sound concept for their production, as well as a lack of raw materials. The authors have developed a technology for the production of fatty acid amides (FAA) from triglycerides of vegetable, animal origin or fat-containing waste. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of fatty acid amide used as an inhibitor of atmospheric corrosion. A comparative assessment of the protective effectiveness of FAA was determined in accordance with GOST 9.054-75 at elevated values of relative humidity and air temperature, exposure to salt mist, with constant immersion in an electrolyte and exposure to the hydrobromic acid. The authors compared preservation compositions based on FAA 16%, Avtokon LS, Kormin 50%, Rosoil 700, Kormin 30%. The protective properties of the products were studied on samples with dimensions of 50 × 50 mm made of steel grade St3. After the tests, the appearance of the samples was evaluated before and after removing the lubricant. According to the results of each experiment, the protective properties of the preservation compounds were arranged in the decreasing order. According to the results of four experiments, each composition was assigned a score characterizing the total assessment of the protective ability of the compositions according to GOST 9.407-2015. As a result of the study, the relationship between the effectiveness of preservative oils and the composition and amount of the inhibitor has been established. The effectiveness of fatty acid amides used as an inhibitor of atmospheric corrosion has been proven. Preservation oil made using 16% FAA exceeds the protective effect of analogue products in 1.1 to 2.0 times.

Practical training of rescuers in high temperature and humidity environments in the training facility

Heat is normally generated as a result of metabolic processes taking place in the body. As a result of muscle activity, when working or exercising, a considerable amount of heat is released. The amount of heat generated is proportional to the intensity of activities. Intervention and rescue activities in special conditions can be carried out exclusively by personnel trained and authorized in this regard, personnel using individual breathing protection equipment. The decisive factor in ensuring the success of an intervention and rescue operation in toxic or chemically aggressive environments resides in the optimal and efficient design of a training process of personnel, in correlation, among others, with their testing in high temperatures and humidity environments. The current paper presents the structuring of rescuers’ physical effort during training, taking into account high temperature and humidity environments, structuring that aims to make the training process of intervention and rescue personnel in toxic / explosive / flammable environments more efficient. The paper analyses a correlation between changes in the physiological parameters of intervention and rescue personnel and different values of temperature and humidity of the training environment.