Fit Index Values Research Articles

Turkish Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability Study of the Children and Adolescent Behavior Inventory Family Questionnaire.

This study aimed to conduct the Turkish adaptation, validity, and reliability analyses of the Children and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) Family Questionnaire. A total of 1015 parents of children and adolescents aged 6-14 years, with 762 from the community sample and 253 from the clinical sample, participated in the study. After the language adaptation of the scale was completed by experts, its construct validity was determined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and discriminant validity. The reliability was assessed with Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficients, and the test-retest reliability of the scale was tested on 100 participants. The results of the EFA showed that the scale had 10 factors. The items associated with the 10th factor, which was different from the original scale, aligned with the subscales of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo. The results of the CFA indicated that the factor load values were statistically significant, and the fit index values were at moderate, good, and excellent levels. A comparison of the subscale scores of the clinical and population sample groups showed that the scale had a distinctive feature. The Cronbach's alpha value of the total scale score was calculated to be 0.94. No statistically significant difference was found between the mean test-retest scores obtained on the subscales. The test-retest correlation coefficient was found to be within the range of r=0.605-0.853 for the subscales (p<0.01). This study proved that the CABI Family Questionnaire was a valid and reliable scale and could be administered to the parents of Turkish children and adolescents aged between six and 14 years in population and clinical samples.

Development and Psychometric Properties of the Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire (MHLQ) Among Young Iranian Soldiers.

Background:Prevention of the incidences of mental disorders, psychological problems, or their rapid diagnosis is an important issue that has led to the creation of a mental health literacy concept and the development of standard tools for evaluating them. This study is the first step in the designing and psychometrics of the Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire (MHLQ) in Iran. The purpose of this study was to design the psychometric properties of the MHLQ in soldiers.Methods:This study is a methodological study that was designed in three phases: 1) Designing the instrument, 2) Assessing the items, and 3) Psychometric assessment. This study was conducted during 2017-2018, and the soldiers were selected by using a convenience sampling method from different garrisons of Tehran, Iran. To evaluate the content validity of the questionnaire 10 experts, to evaluate the face validity 9 soldiers, and for the pilot study 103 soldiers formed the sample size. Finally, construct validity was assessed among 251 soldiers.Results:In the first phase, 78 items were collected and designed. Then, based on the experts’ opinions and preliminary studies, the items were reduced to 52 in the “Assessing the items phase” and then to 42 items in the psychometric phase. In the third phase, 31 items remained in the final version. The CVR and CVI scores of the 52 items were 0.91 and 0.94, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 4-factor structure with 31 items of special value that were higher than five that accounted for 55.04 of the total scale variance. The fit indices values indicated that the model is fit for the data. In the total scale, the test–retest reliability and Cronbach's alpha were 0.81 and 0.76, respectively.Conclusion:The MHLQ of soldiers has appropriate psychometric properties and can be considered as a suitable tool for evaluation and screening as well as a basis for educational and research interventions.

Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of Impact of Weight on Quality of Life for Kids

Objective:The Impact of Weight on Quality of Life—Kids is a self-reported weight-related quality of life measure that has been validated for children and adolescents aged between 11 and 19. Impact of Weight on Quality of Life—Kids does not have a Turkish version. The aim of this study was to explore the reliability and validity of the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life—Kids in Turkish.Materials and Methods:The Impact of Weight on Quality of Life—Kids was translated into Turkish using Mapi Research Institute's suggested international translation technique. The psychometric evaluation included test–retest reliability, internal consistency, discriminant validity, concurrent validity, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis.Results:For the total score, the internal consistency of the scale (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) was 0.93. The item-total score correlation coefficients ranged from 0.178 to 0.785. The test-retest coefficients were found to be 0.94 for the total score and the subscales ranged from 0.66 to 0.89 after 2 weeks. Discriminant validity analysis demonstrated that the instrument differentiated well between the obese and non-obese samples. Five variables were discovered via factor analysis that explained 66.9% of the total variation. The chi-square/degree of freedom ratio value was 3.535, the comparative fit index value was 0.834, and the value of root mean square error of approximation was 0.10, as determined by confirmatory factor analysis.Conclusion:Our results demonstrated the adequate reliability and validity of the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life—Kids, suggesting that this scale is a useful tool for screening Turkish children and adolescents for weight-related quality of life.

The validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of engagement in healthy ageing.

A long life to be spent in a healthy, independent and vigorous way is one of humanity's biggest dreams. This is the engagement of individuals in healthy ageing processes. This study was carried out to conduct the Turkish validity and reliability study of the "Engagement in Healthy Ageing Scale" developed by Menichetti, Bonanomi, and Graffigna [3] to determine the engagement of individuals in healthy ageing and their experiences with healthy ageing. The quantitative research design was used in the study and descriptive findings were presented. Personal information form and the "Engagement in Healthy Ageing Scale" were used in the study's data collection. In addition, the "Health Seeking Behaviour Scale", and the "Self-Efficacy Scale" were used to conduct context validity. The data of the study were analysed with the help of SPSS and the LISREL package program. It was determined that the goodness of fit index values of the Engagement in Healthy Ageing Scale, which was adapted into Turkish, showed good fit and acceptable fit. To test the context validity, the correlational relationship of the Engagement in Healthy Ageing Promotion Scale with the Health Seeking Behaviour and Self-Efficacy scales were examined. As a result of the correlation analysis, it was determined that there is a positive relationship between engagement in healthy ageing and health-seeking behaviour and self-efficacy. As a result of the research, it was determined that the Engagement in Healthy Aging Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool in Turkish culture (Appendix).

An Analysis of the Women Commuters’ Satisfaction in the Public Bus Service in Bangladesh: A Survey on Local Buses in Major Cities

Bangladesh is one of the most populated developing countries where public bus service plays a vital role as a public transport mode since it is easily available and cost-effective. In the social, commercial, educational, and administrative spheres, women’s participation in the labor force in economic enterprises is steadily expanding in the country. Very little research considers only women commuters to analyze the service quality of public buses and they selected only Dhaka city as a study area. However, a large number of trips were generated by women commuters in the industrial and commercial zones such as Gazipur, Narayanganj, and Dhaka. This paper ascertains the public bus service attributes that affect women commuters’ satisfaction as well as finds out the major problems of women commuters while traveling on public buses and the possible solutions to them. This survey included 766 women commuters from Dhaka, Narayanganj, and Gazipur who were interviewed face to face. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used as the instrument for identifying the service quality (SQ) attributes that influenced the women commuters’ satisfaction. A series of models were developed based on the trial-and-error method and the model M3 is selected as the best fit according to SEM fit indices values. The study’s main goal was to compile a list of service quality attributes that influence women commuters’ satisfaction. Major issues with the current public bus service in terms of safety and security, as well as remedies, were identified through discussions with experienced female commuters. These findings reveal that women commuters’ satisfaction is primarily influenced by safety and security, as well as the degree of comfort provided by bus service because they frequently encounter major safety and security issues on public buses and want an immediate remedy. This paper offers some potential strategies for addressing the issues, which may prompt policymakers to pay more attention to these aspects in transportation planning.

Development of Online Trolling Scale: Validity and Reliability Study

This study aims to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine trolling in online environments. Two different study groups were used in the study. The study group for the exploratory factor analysis consisted of 493 university students (72.2% female; 27.8% male). The study group for confirmatory factor analysis consisted of 690 university students (71.7% female; 28.3% male). As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, it was seen that it consisted of 16 items and 3 sub-dimensions that explained 56.80% of the variance. The model obtained after the exploratory factor analysis was tested with confirmatory factor analysis and it was determined that the fit index values were within acceptable limits. The criterion validity of the scale was carried out with the Revised Cyberbullying Scale for University Students. Whereas the Cronbach alpha value for the entire scale was .89 for all of the scales, the same was found for sub-dimensions as .85, .73, and .66. As a result, it can be stated that the scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of Impact of Weight on Quality of Life for Kids.

The Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Kids is a self-reported weight-related quality of life measure that has been validated for children and adolescents aged between 11 and 19. Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Kids does not have a Turkish version. The aim of this study was to explore the reliability and validity of the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Kids in Turkish. The Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Kids was translated into Turkish using Mapi Research Institute's suggested international translation technique. The psychometric evaluation included test-retest reliability, internal consistency, discriminant validity, concurrent validity, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. For the total score, the internal consistency of the scale (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) was 0.93. The item-total score correlation coefficients ranged from 0.178 to 0.785. The testretest coefficients were found to be 0.94 for the total score and the subscales ranged from 0.66 to 0.89 after 2 weeks. Discriminant validity analysis demonstrated that the instrument differentiated well between the obese and non-obese samples. Five variables were discovered via factor analysis that explained 66.9% of the total variation. The chi-square/degree of freedom ratio value was 3.535, the comparative fit index value was 0.834, and the value of root mean square error of approximation was 0.10, as determined by confirmatory factor analysis. Our results demonstrated the adequate reliability and validity of the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Kids, suggesting that this scale is a useful tool for screening Turkish children and adolescents for weight-related quality of life.

THE SCALE OF KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS ABOUT CHILD MOLESTERS (KACMS): VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY

The purpose of this research is to develop the Child Molesters Knowledge and Awareness Scale (KACMS), and examine the psychometric properties of the scale. Two study groups were conducted among a total of 610 (366+244) Turkish adults aged from 18 to 49. According to explanatory factor analysis results, it was found that the KACMS had two-factors and this model explained 48.80% of variance related to the attribute it measured. In confirmatory factor analysis, fit index values were found as χ2= 132.26, df= 50 (χ2/df=2.64), RMSEA= .08, SRMR=.065, NFI= .94, RFI= .92, IFI= .96, CFI= .96, and TLI= .95. Factor loadings ranged from .40 to .91. In the concurrent validity, the KACMS had significant relationship with the Perceptions toward Criminals Scale (r= .64). Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient was α=.94 for the whole scale, α=.96 for the grooming methods, α=.75 for the characteristics of child molesters. Corrected item-total correlations ranged from .32 to .85. According to these results, it can be said that the scale is a valid and reliable assessment instrument in order to scale knowledge and awareness level of undergraduates (school counseling, social work, psychology, pedagogy, forensic psychiatry, and other fields) who are able to work children on sexual molesters and their grooming methods.

The root of the matter: nitrate-rich beetroot juice reduces skeletal muscle O2 uptake during exercise.

The root of the matter: nitrate-rich beetroot juice reduces skeletal muscle O2 uptake during exercise.

A comparative study of executive functions indices among children with different types of specific learning disabilities: Psychometric properties of BRIEF-2

Introduction: Executive functions are a set of high-level cognitive abilities that are related to the educational problems of children. Aim: This research aimed to investigate psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Second Edition (BRIEF-2) and compare its indices among children with different types of specific learning disabilities (SLD). Method: This study was descriptive psychometric and causal-comparative research. The statistical population consisted of the 6-12-year-old-girls and boys with SLD, Isfahan city, in 2020-2021. A total of 346 students were selected using a convenience sampling method. The achievement tests were then taken, and BRIEF-2 was completed by their parents. The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, differentiation analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, split-half reliability coefficient, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) via SPSS.23.0 and AMOS.24.0 software. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis results showed that this scale has acceptable fit indices values (RMSEA=0.072), and construct validity and discriminant validity are confirmed (P&lt;0.001). In addition, the results of Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.896) and split-half reliability coefficient (0.814) showed that the questionnaire has good reliability. Furthermore, MANOVA results indicated a significant difference between the indices of the BRIEF-2 and the type of learning disabilities (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The BRIEF-2 has good psychometric properties to evaluate the executive functions in 6-12-year-old children with SLD. Considering the significant relationship between the indices of the BRIEF-2 and the type of learning disabilities, the weakness in the indices of executive functions may be probably associated with children' learning problems.

Turkish validity and reliability of the Personal Impact of Epilepsy Scale

AimThis study evaluated the validity and reliability of the Turkish Personal Impact of Epilepsy Scale (PIES). Materials and MethodThis methodological study was carried out at a university hospital in Erzurum, eastern Turkey between January and April 2021. The data were collected from 126 patients who agreed to participate in the study within these dates via face-to-face interviews, a personal information form, and the Turkish PIES. The PIES consists of 25 items, scored between 0 and 4, and three subscales. The scale itself is a 5-point, Likert-type scale. Following the scale’s translation process, its content and construct validity were evaluated. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted for construct validity and item analysis, and internal consistency analysis took place to confirm the scale’s reliability. ResultsAs a result of the evaluations and analyses, the Turkish PIES’s content validity index was 0.94. In the exploratory analysis, the scale’s total variance rate was 70.82%. The Cronbach’s alpha value of the Seizures subscale was 0.728, that of the Medication Side Effects subscale was 0.947, for the Comorbidities subscale it was 0.929, and the total scale’s Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.954. The results of the EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis) and CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis) showed that the Turkish PIES, per its 25 items and three-factor structure, is a sufficient measurement instrument. Good fit index values were also obtained as a result of the CFA. ConclusionThe Turkish version of the PIES is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate the effects of seizures, medication side effects, mood/social state, and quality of life of patients with epilepsy.

Investigating the Effect of Marginal Areas around the Cities on Rural Road Accidents in Iran Using Linear and Logistic Regression Approaches

According to previous studies, 60% to 70% of rural road accidents in Iran occur at city entrance zones. Therefore, the characteristics of these zones could be considered as effective parameters on rural road accidents. In all previous studies, a 30-km buffer of cities entrance has been considered as the border of the entrance zone. The 30-km buffer could not be considered as the boundary of influence area (BIA) of cites entrance for all types of roads and cities, only based on aggregate rural road accidents´ data and a traditional definition of the city entrance zone. Determining the BIA for various rural roads with different characteristics using modeling, which is the innovation of this research, and implementing safety improvements in these areas according to their specifications, not only reduce the number of rural road accidents and fatalities but also prevent the loss of road safety costs considering the economic problems in Iran. Thus, this study aims to develop linear and logistic regression models to predict the BIA of rural roads in Iran. The results indicate a fit index value of 0.737 for the linear regression model, 0.379 and 0.346 for the ordered probit (OP) and multinomial logit (ML) models, respectively. According to the analysis of significant variables at the 95% confidence level, the density of access points, and the length of adjacent land uses are the most important variables affecting BIA.

Building Acquisition Management Capability to Improve Firm Performance in Acquisitions

In the past two decades, the number of cross-border mergers and acquisitions in ASEAN has progressively expanded as the region has become a desired economic market for trade and investment. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the factors contributing to the success of acquisitions by corporations. It investigates the role of acquisition management capability with strategic integration and acquisition. The non-probability sampling strategy was used to collect information from 51 firms. With a five-point Likert scale, a systematic questionnaire was designed to test the latent variables by employing confirmatory factor analysis. The quantitative method of Structural Equation Modeling was used in the analysis. The results show that the structural model had a Goodness of Fit Index value that indicates all three latent variables and independent variables were valid. The findings indicate that acquisition management capability have a central role in advancing the overall integration of the acquiring firm in the ASEAN context.

Validating brand identification and personality scale within the South African retail-banking context

While marketing experts agree that brand personality is important for brand identification, there is no evidence of a validated brand-identification-and-personality scale in the context of retail banking in South Africa. To address this literature gap, this study’s purpose was to explain the process used to validate brand identification and personality within the retail-banking context of South Africa. A convenience sample of Generation Y banking consumers was selected, and a descriptive and single cross-sectional research design was followed. Self-administered questionnaires were used as a data collection tool and a sample size was chosen (N = 235). Data analysis entailed descriptive and confirmatory factor analysis. The confirmatory factor analysis results validated brand identification and brand personality in retail banking as a five-factor structure that includes bank identification and brand personality dimensions such as successfulness, sophistication, sincerity and ruggedness. Furthermore, the results of the study indicate the internal consistency and composite reliability of the measurement model, as well as construct, convergent, discriminant and nomological validity. In addition, the measurement model revealed no signs of multicollinearity between the factors, and the model fit index values of IFI, TLI, CFI, SRMR and RMSEA showed a good fitting model. This study concluded that this five-factor model is a reliable and valid instrument of brand identification and personality in retail banking and is the first validated brand-identification-and-personality scale within the retail-banking context of South Africa.

Çalışan Koçluk İlişkisinin Algılanan Kalitesinin Türkçe Ölçek Uyarlaması ve Psikolojik Sermayeye Etkisinin Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi ile İncelenmesi(Adaptation of The Perceived Quality of the Employee Coaching Relationship Scale to Turkish and Investigation of the Effect on Psychological Capital By Structural Equation Modeling)

Purpose ‒ The purpose of the study is adaptation of the Perceived Quality of Employee Coaching Relationship (PQERC) developed by Gregory and Levy (2010) into Turkish and to examine the effect of the perceived quality of employee coaching relationship and the psychological capital. Design/methodology/approach ‒ The research was designed with the relational quantitative method. The data collected by the survey study conducted on 190 people working in a production company in Samsun. Perceived Quality of the Employee Coaching Relationship Scale, which was adapted into Turkish with this study and the Capital Scale developed by Luthans et al. (2007) which was adapted by Cetin and Basim (2012) were used as data collection tools. The analysis of the data was carried out by structural equation modeling. Results ‒ Firstly in the study, adaptation of the “Perceived Quality of the Employee Coaching Relationship Scale” into Turkish was carried out, the fit index values of the model for the adapted scale were examined and it was seen that the level of fit was an acceptable level. As a result of the research, it has been determined that the perceived quality of employee coaching relationship has a positive effect on psychological capital. Discussion ­‒ Psychological capital is so important for employees to be able to look at events positively, to be resistant and flexible to changing environmental conditions and to increase their belief in success. The high quality coaching relationship that managers establish with their employees supports the employee in making the right decisions and reaching their goals, by ensuring that they are aware of themselves and their abilities. It is thought that this study, which examines the effect of employee coaching on psychological capital, will contribute to the literature in determining the antecedents of psychological capital. In addition, the number of researches on the subject will increase in the literature by adding the Perceived Quality of Employee Coaching Relationship Scale” to Turkish.

Modeling the factors that explain customer loyalty in retail banking

Literature suggests that achieving adequate customer loyalty is a significant determinant of growth and profitability. However, in South Africa, there is no evidence of a validated customer-loyalty-in-retail-banking scale. Thus, this study aimed to contribute to the literature by validating customer loyalty in retail banking as a six-factor structure comprising customer loyalty, service quality, customer commitment, trust, switching cost and customer satisfaction, which practitioners can use as a marketing guide to better understand customer loyalty. Data was collected from one sample only once, and the sample size was selected (N = 400). Descriptive and confirmatory factor analyses were undertaken to achieve the study’s objective. Confirmatory factor analysis results validated customer loyalty in retail banking as a six-factor structure that includes customer loyalty, service quality, customer commitment, trust, switching cost and customer satisfaction. The results show no serious multicollinearity between the latent factors and that acceptable internal-consistency reliability was returned for each factor. Moreover, the measurement model returned acceptable composite reliability together with construct, convergent and discriminant validity. Moreover, IFI, TLI, CFI, SRMR and RMSEA model fit index values suggest a good fitting model. Thus, the results concluded that this six-factor model is a reliable and valid instrument of customer loyalty in retail banking and is the first validated customer loyalty scale within the retail-banking context of South Africa. Retail banks are encouraged to use this instrument as a marketing guide in their quest to provide excellent banking services to their market segments, as well as build solid bank-customer relationships.

Lebanese Waterpipe Dependence Scale (LWDS-11) validation in a sample of Lebanese adolescents

BackgroundSalameh et al. developed the Lebanese Waterpipe Dependence Scale (LWDS-11) that assesses nicotine dependence among adult waterpipe smokers. In view of the high waterpipe use among Lebanese youth and other neighboring countries, it was deemed necessary to check the psychometric properties of the LWDS-11, originally adapted to the Lebanese population, to measure nicotine dependence among adolescents.MethodsTwo cross-sectional investigations were conducted; Study 1 (January and May 2019) enrolled a total of 449 students who were exclusive waterpipe smokers; this sample was used to conduct the exploratory factor analysis. Study 2 enrolled another sample composed of 243 waterpipe smoking adolescents. This sample was independent from the first one and was used to conduct the confirmatory analysis.ResultsThe results also showed that 312 (69.5%) [95% CI 0.652–0.738] had high waterpipe dependence (scores of ≥10). Results of the factor analysis in sample 1 showed that all LWDS-11 items were extracted following the factor analysis. Items converged over a solution of one factor; total variance explained = 70.45%, αCronbach = 0.96). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis were as follows: the Maximum Likelihood Chi-Square = 129.58 and Degrees of Freedom = 45, which gave a χ2/df = 2.88. For non-centrality fit indices, the Steiger-Lind Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) was 0.08 [0.071–0.106]. Moreover, the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) value was 0.77.ConclusionThe preliminary results suggest that the LWDS-11 has good psychometric properties to measure waterpipe dependence among adolescents. We hope this tool would serve the benefit of research and epidemiology.

Teachers’ Perceptions About School Characteristics Supporting Professional Development: A Scale Development Study

The aim of the study is to develop a scale that measures teachers’ perceptions about school characteristics that support professional development (PD). The 40-item pool was created for the scale to be developed by examining similar measurement tools and literature. According to expert opinions, a 32-item trial form was created to conduct. The data were collected from 322 branch teachers. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was carried out using the collected data. A three-factor structure with 19 items, explaining 61.43% of the variance, was obtained in the EFA. The fit index values (χ2 /Df = 1.47, CFI = .96, TLI = .95, RMSEA = .056, RMR = .038, SRMR = .063) calculated in CFA to support the findings of the structure showed good fit. Cronbach Alpha coefficients were calculated as .91 for administrative support, .89 for collaborative structure, .74 for structural support, and .92 for the total scale. The results indicate that the scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can measure teachers’ perceptions of supportive school characteristics that are effective in their participation in professional development.

PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION OF FLOOD DISASTER MANAGEMENT QUESTIONNAIRE: CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS AND ITEM RESPONSE THEORY ANALYSIS

Flood disaster is the commonest natural disaster with huge impact on healthcare services in Malaysia. The FloodDMQ-BM© questionnaire was developed as a tool to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of healthcare providers regarding patient management during a flood disaster. We aim to further validate the FloodDMQ-BM© questionnaire by using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Item Response Theory (IRT).This cross-sectional study involved doctors, nurses and paramedics working in the Emergency Department of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II and Hospital Kuala Krai. Respondents were required to complete the FloodDMQ-BM© questionnaire. The responses were analysed by using CFA and IRT to establish its validity and reliability. A total of 215 respondents participated in this study. CFA analysis with Maximum Likelihood Robust as the estimation method, on the attitude and practice components resulted in good factor loadings (&gt;0.5) in nearly all items and excellent model fit indices values (CFI = 0.96-0.98, TLI = 0.95-0.96, SRMR = 0.04-0.05, RMSEA = 0.07). Meanwhile, IRT analysis on the knowledge section showed a good two-way marginal fit based on S-X2, and a good model fit with RMSEA of 0.08. Based on the 2PL model by using the IRT assessment of the knowledge section, one item in the knowledge section (K3) was removed (chi-squared residual &gt;4) resulting in improved model fit. The included items had well-standardized loadings (&gt;0.3) and marginal reliability of 0. 651.Our results confirmed that the FloodDMQ-BM© questionnaire displayed valid and reliable psychometric properties.

Orthorexia nervosa and disordered eating attitudes among Lebanese adults: Assessing psychometric proprieties of the ORTO-R in a population-based sample

BackgroundPrevious research demonstrated a relationship between ON and disordered eating symptoms (eating concern, restraint, cognitive preoccupations about body shape and weight) and disordered eating attitudes (DEA). Since screening for orthorexia nervosa is now part of clinical practice, the measurement instruments to be used must be clinically significant, reliable, valid and sensitive to our target population. The main objective of the present study was to confirm the factor structure of the Arabic version of the ORTO-R using a first sample of Lebanese adults and confirm those results on another sample. The secondary objective was to assess sex differences in terms of ON and DEA, as well as to examine whether symptoms of ON were related to DEA in Lebanese adults.MethodsA total of 783 Lebanese adults was selected to participate in this cross-sectional study (January-May 2018) using a proportionate random sample from all Lebanese governorates.ResultsThe mean age of the total sample was 27.78 ± 11.60 years (Min. 18 –Max. 84) (33.5% females) and their mean BMI was 24.36 ± 5.31 kg/m2. All items of the ORTO-R were extracted during the factor analysis and yielded a two-factor solution with Eigenvalues > 1 (variance explained = 50.07%; KMO = 0.570; Bartlett’s sphericity test p<0.001; αCronbach = 0.755). This factor structure was confirmed by a confirmatory factor analysis; the Maximum Likelihood Chi-Square = 26.894 and Degrees of Freedom = 8, which gave a χ2/df = 3.36. The Tucker Lewis Index (TLI) value was 0.914, whereas the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) value was 0.032. The root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) value was 0.077 [95% CI 0.046–0.111] (pclose = 0.07) and comparative fit index (CFI) value was 0.967 respectively, indicating a good fit of the model. There was also no measurement invariance between genders. Female gender was significantly associated with lower ORTO-R scores (more orthorexia nervosa) compared to males (B = -0.65; p = 0.026, 95% CI -1.22- -0.08; ɳ2 = 0.006). However, no significant difference was found between genders in terms of EAT-26 scores (B = 0.23; p = 0.813, 95% CI -1.66–2.12; ɳ2 = 0.0001). Higher ORTO-R scores (lower/ less pathological ON tendencies and behaviors) were significantly related to higher EAT-26 total scores (higher levels of DEA) as well as higher dieting, bulimia and oral control scores in both females (from a weak to a moderate positive correlation) and males (a weak positive correlation).ConclusionThis cross-sectional population-based study confirmed the factor structure of the Arabic version of the ORTO-R, demonstrated an association between ON and DEA and revealed more ON among females compared to males.