Dry Weight Values Research Articles

CHORELATION ANALYSIS OF SOME WHEAT GENOTYPS IN THE SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT PERIOD

Bu çalışmada, 1 Gernik buğdayı (Triticum dicoccum L), 1 ekmeklik buğday yerel genotipi (Triticum aestivum L.) ve 1 ekmeklik buğday tescilli çeşidi (Triticum aestivum L.) olmak üzere 3 buğday genotipinde çimlenme ve fide gelişimi dönemlerine ait çimlenme oranı (ÇO), sürgün uzunluğu (SU), kök uzunluğu (KU), sürgün kök oranı (SKO), kök yaş ağırlığı (KYA), sürgün yaş ağırlığı (SYA), sürgün kuru ağırlığı (SKA), kök kuru ağırlığı (KKA) ve protein oranı (PO) özellikleri incelenmiştir. İn vitro ortamda yürütülen çalışmada gözlemler arasındaki korelasyon katsayıları belirlenmiştir. ÇO, SU, KU, SKO, KYA, SYA, SKA, KKA ve PO özelliklerine ait ortalamalar sırasıyla %79.76, 19.28 cm, 11.86 cm, 1.86, 73.8 mg, 128.4 mg, 18.7 mg, 11.8 mg ve %22.09 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda korelasyon analizi sonucunda kök uzunluğu ile kök yaş ağırlığı, sürgün yaş ağırlığı ile sürgün kuru ağırlığı, kök yaş ağırlığı ile sürgün yaş ağırlığı ve sürgün kuru ağırlığı ile kök kuru ağırlığı arasında olumlu (pozitif korelasyon) ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca sürgün yaş ağırlığı ile sürgün kuru ağırlığı ve kök kuru ağırlığı değerleri arasında da pozitif korelasyon olduğu görülmüştür.

EFFECT OF ADDING SOME CONDITIONERS and IRRIGATION LEVELS IN WAER USE EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTION OF MAYZE CROP

Field Experiment was carried out during the autumn season of 2018 to determine the effect of some soil enhancers on the productivity and growth of maize-fajir-1 in western Iraq (Anbar-Khaldiya) and the study of some indicators of soil enhancers. The experiment included five coefficients to add enhancers: without addition of material A0, as well as coefficients containing different concentrations of polymer (0.2%P1, 0.4%P2) and (2%O1,24%O2) of ceratophyllum powder, respectively, and three levels (Eta I1, 125% of Eta I2, 150% of Eta I3) during one of the main plant growth stages, The distribution of the split plot disign RCPD and three replicates were statistically analyzed and the averages were compared at a lower test Significant difference (LSD) at 5% using the Genistate . Positive results were obtained under the effect of the addition of conditioners mixed with the soil with the highest yield of 8.44-ton h-1and 8.39-ton h-1 for treatment of polymer P2 and P1, respectively, compared with the treatment of comparison A0 where It reached 8.09 tons h-1. The efficiency values of field and crop water increased by increasing the percentage of enhancers, with the highest value for field water use efficiency of 1.44 Kg.m-3 for P1 compared to the minimum efficiency of 1.33 Kg.m-3for O1, while the highest value for crop water use was 1.31 Kg m-3 for P2 compared with the lowest efficiency of O1 treatment at 1.29 Kg m-3. The plant height and dry weight values increased with the increase of the improvement rate. The highest value of plant height was 201.6 cm for the P2 treatment and 8.98 ton h-1 as dry weight for the same treatment compared to the lowest height of 181.7 cm for the treatment O1. The dry weight for the same treatment was 8.73 ton h-1, while the highest value of irrigation treatments was 192 cm for treatment I1. The dry weight of the same treatment was 8.87 ton h-1, compared to the lowest plant height for treatment I3 with 186 cm and the lowest dry weight for the same treatment was 8.7 ton h-1

Comparison of Reduced Modified Proctor vs Modified Proctor

The compaction characteristics between reduced modified Proctor and modified Proctor tests have been compared. The results show that maximum dry unit weight values are comparable for both the tests but optimum moisture content values differ slightly more. For both the tests: optimum moisture content was found to correlate best with liquid limit, and the relationship for maximum dry unit weight with optimum moisture content was found to be almost the same. Since reduced modified Proctor requires less time and 40% less compaction energy as compared to modified Proctor test, it can be considered as a suitable alternative to the modified Proctor test.

Effect of foliar fertilization on the yield, sugar contents and improving resistance of cercospora leaf spot on sugar beet

In this study six mineral elements; Copper sulfate (Cu SO₄), Potassium sulfate (K2 SO₄), Micron Sulfure (S), Boric acid (H3 BO3), Copper sulfate + Micron Sulfure (Cu SO₄ + S) and Potassium sulfate + Boric acid (K2 SO₄ + H3 BO3) as well as fungicide; Montoro 30% were used as foliar spraying. These elements were evaluated against Cercospora, leaf spot disease on sugar beet under field conditions during two season; 2017/18 and 2018/19. All foliar applications were significantly reduced the disease severity % compared to untreated treatment during the two seasons. Potassium and combined application of Potassium and Boron treatments recorded the high value of sugar beet leaf dry weight over the control. Sulfure application led to an increase the fresh weight of sugar beet root, while Boron application increased the total soluble solid (TSS), sucrose % and purity %. Results obtained showed significant increasing (%) in catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and polyphenolosxidase (PPO) activities in the case of mineral application and Montoro 30% fungicide compare with untreated treatment. However, the present study showed that foliar application of mineral elements tested in increased yield components of sugar beet, and thus is recommended to increase root yield and quality as well as can reduce disease severity.

Evaluation of Biofertilization on Growth and Quality of Moringa oleifera Grown on Sandy Soil

Moringa oleifera plants were treated with four microorganisms (Azotobacter sp, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescence and Trichoderma. harzianum. They used as bio-fertilizers in individual or in combinations inoculations to determine the growth and quality of such plant. The obtained results showed that treatment by microorganisms in combination is the best choice in improving of Moringa plant growth and its quality after 60 days of seeds planting, followed by Pseudomonas . fluorescence, T.S (fertilizer) and Azotobacter since they were 91.92, 86.00, 85.58 and 80.50 cm/plant respectively, whereas T. harzianum and B. subtilis, showed moderate effect in increasing of plant growth compared with the control. Treatments by bio-fertilizing microorganisms in combination exhibited highest values for both fresh and dry weights, N, P and K minerals percentage since they were (18.21 for fresh weight, 5.03 for dry weight, 4.50 N% 0.27 P% and 2.57 K%) compared with the individual treatments and control (untreated plants).

RESPONSE OF TUBEROSE (POLIANTHES TUBEROSA L.) PLANTS TO CHITOSAN AND SEAWEED FOLIAR APPLICATION

Chitosan and seaweed extract are natural stimulants that are used to improve plant growth and flowering. Therefore, two pot experiments on tuberose plants were conducted during the two consecutive seasons of 2017 and 2018 at Horticulture Research Station at Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. The aim of the study was to evaluate the response of tuberose plant (single flowers known as Balady variety) to different concentrations of chitosan (CHT) and seaweed extract (SWE) rates on growth, flowering, bulb production and some chemical constituents. Tuberose plant was sprayed six times per season with different concentrations and rates of natural stimulants under study i.e. T1 (control), T2 (20 ppm CHT), T3 (40 ppm CHT), T4 (60 ppm CHT), T5 (0.5 cm3/l SWE), T6 (1.0 cm3/l SWE), T7 (1.5 cm3/l SWE), T8 (20 ppm CHT + 0.5 cm3/l SWE), T9 (40 ppm CHT + 1.0 cm3/l SWE) and T10 (60 ppm CHT + 1.5 cm3/l SWE). These ten treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Generally, chitosan or/and seaweed extract treated tuberose showed significant increase (p<0.05) in plant growth, flowering and bulb production. Chitosan at higher concentration plus the higher rate of seaweed extract T10 (60 ppm CHT + 1.5 cm3/l SWE) increased the plant height, leaf number per plant and leaf width as well as number of florets/spike, spike length, rachis length and spike fresh weight. In confirmation of this, the same treatment (T10) resulted in higher values of bulb diameter and dry weight of bulb compared to the other treatments under study and unsprayed plants. In most cases, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and potassium percentages in the leaves and bulbs as well as total chlorophyll in the leaves were significantly increased by using T10 followed by T4 and T9 compared to the other ones under study. Moreover, natural stimulants (chitosan and seaweed extract) should be frequently applied in the farms to get the best growth and flowering of the tuberose plants.

Influence of Fly Ash Addition on Behavior of Soft Clayey Soil

This paper investigates the impact of the fly Ash addition on the Geotechnical properties of soft soil as well as chooses the optimum percentage added of fly ash. To understand the behavior of fly ash mixed with soil, a number of laboratory experiments testing conducted on clayey soil-fly ash mixture in several percentages (5,10,15,20,25, and 30%) as Atterberg test, Specific gravity test, compaction test, California Bearing Ratio (C.B.R) Test, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) Test, Consolidation Test. Test results indicate rising in plastic limit and liquid limit as fly ash adding. Specific gravity decreased essentially by adding fly ash. Whereas there was falling on the Dry unit weight value with the contract to the decreasing in the water content. The CBR and UCS values were increased with increasing fly ash content. 20% was the optimum fly Ash content. This study also benefits the effective use of fly ash and thus a cost-effective method for improving the soil properties.

Foliar Glycine Betaine or Hydrogen Peroxide Sprays Ameliorate Waterlogging Stress in Cape Gooseberry.

Exogenous glycine betaine (GB) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) application has not been explored to mitigate waterlogging stress in Andean fruit trees. The objective of this study was to evaluate foliar GB or H2O2 application on the physiological behavior of Cape gooseberry plants under waterlogging. Two separate experiments were carried out. In the first trial, the treatment groups were: (1) plants without waterlogging and with no foliar applications, (2) plants with waterlogging and without foliar applications, and (3) waterlogged plants with 25, 50, or 100 mM of H2O2 or GB, respectively. The treatments in the second trial were: (1) plants without waterlogging and with no foliar applications, (2) plants with waterlogging and without foliar applications, and (3) waterlogged plants with 100 mM of H2O2 or GB, respectively. In the first experiment, plants with waterlogging and with exogenous GB or H2O2 applications at a dose of 100 mM showed higher leaf water potential (−0.5 Mpa), dry weight (1.0 g), and stomatal conductance (95 mmol·m−2·s−1) values. In the second experiment, exogenously supplied GB or H2O2 also increased the relative growth rate, and leaf photosynthesis mitigating waterlogging stress. These results show that short-term GB or H2O2 supply can be a tool in managing waterlogging in Cape gooseberry.

Salicylic acid foliar application increases biomass, nutrient assimilation, primary metabolites and essential oil content in Achillea millefolium L

Salicylic acid (SA) is a phenolic phytohormone that acts in different physiological plant processes and is considered an efficient elicitor in the production of secondary metabolites, including essential oils. The effects of SA on biomass production, primary metabolites contents and nutrients in leaves of Achillea millefolium L. plants were evaluated. Additionally, the effect of SA on the quantity and quality of essential oil was evaluated. The experiments were carried out under field conditions in two consecutive seasons (2016 and 2017), with SA foliar applications at a dose of 1.0 mmol L-1 in different periods (20, 60 and 100 days after planting - DAP and at 100 DAP for three consecutive days) with water treated plants as control. Plants treated with SA showed higher dry weight values (leaf, root and total) and photosynthetic pigment contents. The positive effects of SA on the primary plant metabolism were evidenced by the higher concentrations of total sugars, proteins and amino acids in both application periods and years of cultivation. The levels of macronutrients in the leaves were also increased compared to the controls. SA applications resulted in higher content and yield of essential oil. The qualitative analysis of the essential oil showed the predominant presence of volatile compound chamazulene. Our results have demonstrated that the application of 1.0 mmol L-1 of SA at 100 DAP induced a series of coordinated metabolic changes that resulted in increases in yield and essential oil content in A. millefolium, which makes the aerial application of this elicitor a promising approach for its use in plants grown under field conditions.

Evaluation of accord plus and Lanfida for control of Chenopodium spp. in wheat

(Triticum aestivum L.) is the world’s most widely cultivated and leading staple food. But their production is continuously decreased due to infestation of grassy and broadleaf weeds. Chenopodium album is most dominant broadleaf weed of wheat and other Rabi crops. Which limit the production of Rabi crops. Therefore, there is need to know about the current status of herbicide resistance/poor efficacy of different herbicides against C. album. The present investigation was conducted during the Rabi season of 2017-18 in the screen house of Department of Agronomy Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana). Pot experiment was conducted in completely randomized design, replicated thrice using different herbicides namely Accord Plus and Lanfida applied at three doses (0.5X, X and 2.0X) in the experiment as post-emergence. Untreated pots were maintained as control for comparison. The results in general indicated that Chenopodium populations have poor efficacy was observed with Lanfida; however application of Accord Plus recorded complete control. Higher value of plant height, chlorophyll fluorescence, fresh weight and dry weight and lower value of EC was observed in the herbicidal treatments showing poor efficacy against the test populations. Accord Plus post-emergence (POE) application of other herbicides has already been recommended and promoted for the management of Chenopodium populations.

Barattiere: An Italian Local Variety of Cucumis melo L. with Quality Traits between Melon and Cucumber.

Barattiere, belonging to the Cucumis melo L. species, is a local variety of Puglia (Southern Italy), which is consumed as a vegetable at the immature stage, like cucumber. In this study, three Barattiere populations (‘Monopoli’, ‘Carovigno’ and ‘Fasano’) were evaluated for the main quality traits. All genotypes showed a very light green-yellow colour of flesh, without any difference regarding chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Carovigno’s Barattiere showed the highest values of dry weight (6.8 g 100 g−1 fresh weight - FW), sugars (45 g kg−1 FW), and sweetness index (7.3), while Monopoli’s Barattiere showed the lowest total phenols content (21 mg kg−1 FW). Fasano’s Barattiere showed the highest content of Zn and Cu (2.3 and 0.3 mg kg−1 FW, respectively), while ‘Monopoli’ showed the highest Ba content (0.3 mg kg−1 FW) and the lowest Mg content (94 mg kg−1 FW). No differences between populations were found concerning the content of Ca, K, Na, B, Mn, and Fe. In conclusion, the quality profile of Barattiere makes this local genotype interesting for its traits, and also suggests its consumption by people with specific dietary requirements.

A study on the growth of Gorontalo local upland rice Ponda merah accession against drouhgt and shade stresses

The aim of this study was to determine the vegetative growth response of Gorontalo local upland rice Ponda Merah accession against drought and shade stresses. The study was conducted in Sipatana Village, West Bulotadaa Subdistrict, Gorontalo City, from May to October 2017, examined using randomized block design with 4 replications. The first factor observed was the drought treatment which consisted of two levels; irrigation until the inundation height of 1.5 cm and irrigation carried out if the potential of groundwater reaches - 30 to -35.9 kPa. The second factor was shades which consisted of 3 levels; 0% shade, 25% shade, and 50% shade. The results showed that Gorontalo local upland rice Ponda merah accession was able to adapt well to drought stress, shade stress, and combination of both which were characterized by high values of plant dry weight 49,88 g under drought stress condition, 84,08 g under 50% shade condition and 44,61 g in drought + 50% shade condition and chlorophyll content 0.148 mg.g−1 under drought stress condition, 0,168 mg.g−1 under 50% shade condition and 0,202 mg.g−1 in drought +50% shade condition.

Su Tutucu Polimer (SAP) Uygulamalarının Anadolu Sığla Ağacı (Liquidambar orientalis MİLL.) ve Biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Türlerinde Bitki Gelişimi Üzerine Etkisi

Küresel ısınmadan kaynaklanan iklim değişimi ve hızlı nüfus artışına bağlı olarak tüketimin yükselmesi doğal kaynaklardan suyun azalmasına neden olarak varlığını tehdit etmektedir. Dünyada kullanılabilir suyun büyük bir bölümü tarımda değerlendirildiğinden bitkilerin su ihtiyacının en doğru ve ekonomik şeklide karşılanması gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda da suyun verimli ve ekonomik kullanılmasını sağlayan yöntemlerden biri olarak su tutucu polimer (SAP) uygulaması karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Araştırmada, su tutucu polimer SAP A200‘ün farklı dozları [% 0 (kontrol), % 0,2, % 0,4 ve % 0,6 v/v] geleneksel (toprak) ve topraksız tarım yetiştirme ortamlarına [torf, perlit ve torf:perlit (1:1) v/v] uygulanmıştır. SAP A200 dozlarının Anadolu Sığla Ağacı (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.) ve Biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) türlerinin bitki gelişimine etkisinin belirlemesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Bitki gelişim özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla bitki boyu, gövde çapı, kök uzunluğu, kök kalınlığı, kök ile sürgün yaş ve kuru ağırlıkları belirlenmiştir. Araştırmadaki iki tür için, tüm SAP dozlarının bitki gelişim parametrelerini olumlu yönde etkilediği ve en yüksek değerlerin % 0,6 SAP A200 uygulamasında tespit edildiği gözlemlenmiştir. Toprak dışındaki tüm yetiştirme ortamlarında bitki gelişim değerlerinin daha yüksek olduğu ve en iyi sonuçların torf:perlit ortamında gerçekleştiği saptanmıştır.

Efficiency of compost and vermicompost in supporting the growth and chemical constituents of Salvia officinalis L. Cultivated in Sand Soil

Purpose The effect of using compost and vermicompost or their teas on the growth and biochemical profile of Salvia officinalis cultivated in sand soil were assessed. Methods Plants were subjected to different treatments of compost, vermicompost and their teas. The growth of common sage, Salvia officinalis was monitored as shoot fresh and dry weights (g/plant) and their oil, N, P, and K contents. Results Among the four tested treatments of vermicompost, the treatment no. 1 (prepared from rice straw supplemented by Trichoderma harzianum and Phanerochaete chrysosporium + Cattle dung + Rock phosphate + Feldspar “12 % K2O”), showed the maximal values of shoot fresh and dry weights, oil, N, P, and K %, being in the first cut 820, 200 g/plant, 1.42, 2.80, 1.40 and 1.98 in respective order. The corresponding values in the second cut were 1152, 277 g/plant, 1.55, 3.56, 1.68 and 2.29%, respectively. Also, the maximal values of all previous parameters were recorded in the vermicompost tea treatment no1, treated as soil and foliar amendments being 730, 196 g/plant, 1.47, 2.4, 1.38 and 2.19% in the first cut and 1150, 270 g/plant, 1.64, 3.5, 1.68 and 2.38% in the second cut, respectively. Conclusions The growth of Salvia officinalis was higher in plants treated by different vermicompost treatments, compared to those treated by compost or the control (without any supplementation).

Application of bio-desalinization for reclamation of salt-affected soil under composted cow manure and deficit irrigation with saline water

Application of common leaching and flushing methods is often impractical due to freshwater scarcity, groundwater pollution and a lack of suitable drainage systems. To address these problems, a pot experiment testing the cultivation of Salicornia persica Akhani was conducted in three replicates. Three saline irrigation treatments (EC = 7.2 dS m−1) were used: full irrigation with saline water (SI), deficit irrigation with 75% of SI (DSI75) and deficit irrigation with 55% of SI (DSI55). Two soil conditions also were considered, namely a combination of soil with 10% composted cow manure (CM) and soil without manure (WA). Our results show that the highest values for stem diameter (3.1 mm), height (110.1 mm) and dry weight (0.5 g) were observed in SI–CM. Conversely, the highest values for root length with 16.9 mm and root weight with 0.7 g were obtained for DSI75-CM. The best treatment for water-use efficiency (WUE) was DSI75-CM with 2.6 g l−1, and the lowest WUE of 1.33 g l−1 was observed for DSI55-WA. DSI increased all examined chemical parameters. The use of CM only resulted in increased values of carbohydrate, protein and proline, with no significant effects found for other parameters. Significant reductions in both EC (38.6%) and Na+ (16.8%) occurred in both soil treatments, with reductions under WA higher than reductions under CM. Overall, our results suggest that the proposed methods could be used for decreasing soil salinity levels while simultaneously allowing for the use of saline water for agricultural production.

Evaluation of allelopathic effect of Carthamus Oxyacantha against wheat and maize seed germination

Effect of Carthamusoxyacantha powder aqueous extract on seed germination of Wheat and Maize were studied. Powder extract of 3g, 6g and 9g of concentration were soaked in distilled water for 12 Hrs, 24 Hrs and 36 Hrs of time. The seeds of Wheat and Maize were germinated in Petri dishes. Control was maintained by watering the seeds with distilled water. The highest values for germination percentage, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, seedling length, vigor index and seedling weight vigor index were recorded in control of wheat the above parameter decreased with increasing concentration and timing. While in maize highest values for the above parameters were recorded in treatments as compared to control.

Variability of root traits in sesame genotypes under different irrigation regimes

Water and nutrient absorption is closely associated with the root system structure and root characteristics. This study was designed to evaluate root characteristics of six sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes grown under full and deficit irrigation regimes in two-year rhizotube experiments. The results revealed that deficit irrigation regime resulted in higher root depth and root to shoot ratio, but the lower root length compared with that in the full irrigation regime. In addition, all the genotypes respond to deficit irrigation by increasing root depth. Although root depth increased in response to deficit irrigation, Sudan-94 genotype showed the maximum increase (44%), followed by USA-ns-96 genotype (35%). Similarly, root to shoot ratio increased due to deficit irrigation and Oltan and USA-ns-96 genotypes showed the maximum increase. Under deficit irrigation regime, root biomass decreased with increasing soil depth in Naz, Dashtestan-2, Darab-1, Oltan and USA-ns-96 genotypes; however, root biomass increased in Sudan-94 with increasing soil depth until a reduction was found at a depth of 0.6–0.9 m. The maximum values for dry root weight (10.89 g) and root length (25,875 mm) were related to USA-ns-96, but Sudan-94 showed the maximum root depth (114 cm) and root to shoot ratio (0.36) compared with other genotypes. Sudan-94 genotype was the only genotype in which all root traits increased due to deficit irrigation, suggesting that Sudan-94 genotype may be associated with increased tolerance to drought stress and can be considered as a desirable genotype in breeding programs.

Effects of type of biochar and dolomite – coffee compost application on characteristic of soybean germination

This study aimed to determine the effects from biochar types application and dolomite-coffee compost application on characteristic of soybean germination. This study used factorial randomized design with two factors and two replications. The biochar types application that were applied were no biochar, rice husk biochar, rice straw biochar. Second factor was dolomite-coffee compost application such as control, dolomite 500 kg/ha, coffee compost 10 ton/ha, dolomite 500 kg/ha + coffee compost 10 ton/ha. The parameters observed in this research were root length, shoot length, root volume, root and shoot dry weight. Result of study indicated that rice straw biochar had the highest value of soybean germination like shoot length, root volume, root and shoot dry weight compared with other biochar types application. The highest value of root volume and root dry weight were found from dolomite application. Combination rice straw biochar with dolomite application showed the highest value of soybean germination.

Chemical, Mineralogical and Geotechnical Index Properties Characterization of Volcanic Ash Soils

Soils derived from volcanic ash are deposits formed from the weathering of the ejected material during volcanic activity. Volcanic ash is commonly known in geotechnical engineering as a difficult and unwanted material. The difficulties are related to the high-water content, high liquid limits, low unit weights, and high void ratios, which translates into possible engineering problems (e.g. compressibility and collapsibility). The characterization of these materials is important because volcanic soils represent 0.84% of the terrestrial soil surface, 60% of which are located in tropical zones. These percentages represent areas with a high human population and constant demographic and economic growth. This paper presents the chemical, mineralogical and geotechnical index properties characterization of soils derived from volcanic ashes through laboratory testing and compares them with the results found in the literature. The SEM results shows the high void reported in the literature. The index properties obtained coincide with the ranges reported. However, lower values of dry unit weight were observed, which are related to the transportation processes of the particles and with higher index properties values due to mineralogical components such as allophane. Therefore, the study of volcanic ash soils requires a rigorous knowledge and understanding of the soil formation, depositional environment, and mineralogy. The chemical characterization of the volcanic ash plays an important role to understand water retention characteristics and their influence on the different geotechnical properties.

EFFECT OF IRRIGATION WATER QUANTITY AND SOME ANTIOXIDANTS ON YIELD AND SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF SNAP BEAN GROWN UNDER SANDY SOIL CONDITIONS

A field experiment was carried out during the two successive summer seasons of 2017 and 2018 under sandy soil conditions at EL-Khattara Experimental Farm, Fac. Agric., Zagazig University, to study the effect of irrigation water quantity (1000, 1500 and 2000 m3/fed.) and foliar spray with some antioxidants (salicylic cid at 200 ppm, ascorbic acid at 300 ppm beside control treatments ( sprayed with tap water ) on growth, plant water relationship, yield and pod quality of snap bean cv, Bronco. The most important findings could be summarized as follows: The interactions between irrigation of snap bean plants at 2000 m3/fed. and spraying with SA at 200 ppm recorded the highest values of dry weight of branches, leaves and total dry weight/ plant, increasing chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll (a+b) in leaf tissues, average pod weight , yield / plant and total pods yield/fed., and TSS in green pods. However, the interaction between irrigation water quantity at 2000 m3/fed. and spraying with ascorbic acid at 300 ppm recorded the highest values of total and free water (%) in leaf tissues and total carbohydrates and Vit. C in green pods in both seasons, whereas interaction treatment between 1000 m3 water/fed., without antioxidants resulted in the highest values represented bound water and proline amino acid in leaf tissues and total fiber contents in green pods. On the other hand, the interactions between irrigation water quantity at 1000 m3 water/ fed., and spraying with SA at 200 ppm recorded the highest values of water use efficiency (2.692 and 2.731 kg green pods/m3 water) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.