Work Values Research Articles

Salesperson intra-career mobility perceptions: Exploring the role of professional versus organizational identities

Salesperson career paths have evolved from traditional to boundaryless models, as salespeople are moving between sales organizations with greater frequency. In this new landscape, it is crucial to consider how salespeople’s perceptions of their employers and the sales profession impact their mobility. While previous research has focused on salesperson identification with their organization, identification with the profession remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, the authors conducted semi-structured interviews with 57 sales professionals to better understand their work identities. They offer a theoretical model illustrating how professional and organizational identities become more or less salient, influencing intra-career mobility (i.e., job movement within the sales profession). When salespeople experienced a mismatch between their work realities and desired identities, they redefined their sales roles around a core work value. This process shifted their focus towards their professional identity over their organizational identity, affecting their perceptions of mobility within the sales profession.

Knowledge and Anguish at Work: the Clinical Case of a Telephone Operator

Objective: The objective of this study was to understand the meaning of mental symptoms manifested at work by articulating their material basis present in the work context and the subject's historical singularity. Theoretical Framework: Psychoanalytic theory is used in this case study as a basis for understanding the relationship between knowledge and anguish at work. On the other hand, it is in ergology that we find the necessary theorizations for a reading of what affects the subject in tele-service work. Method: This is a clinical case study based on the psychoanalytically oriented notes of a telemarketer with work-related symptoms. Results and Discussion: As the main result, we read symptomatic production both as a response on a level of direct material causality to the inconsistency of the assumption of knowledge attributed to the trade and the value of work, and as a way out that the subject finds for their symptomatic position. Implications of the research: We conclude that the orientation of the treatment must seek to preserve the assumption of knowledge in the subject and in their work and enable subjective and material accountability. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by combining psychoanalysis and ergology in the search for an understanding of illness at work. The relevance and value of this research is evidenced by the fact that it presents an original clinical case that seeks to highlight the relationship between the place reserved for knowledge in contemporary work and the symptoms produced by it.

Devaluation of Work and Its Linkage With Worker Risks in the Recent Transformation of the Work Sphere

ABSTRACTOver the last decades, sociologists of work have paid increasing attention to the critical phenomena in the labor market, among them the devaluation of work and its factors. Based on an analysis of publications in the field, this paper outlines problems of transforming work meanings and values, including their linkage with new worker risks and job security caused by the rapid work changes, precarization, social inequality, growing population gap between the advanced and developing countries, global pandemics, climate crisis and the like. These phenomena reflect social, economic, political, and legal changes and their impact on the sphere of work. Current work challenges have initiated research discussions in the work sphere that have helped spotlight the ongoing transformation of work meanings/values. The article reviews the diversity of theoretical approaches and practical implications of work values transformation from the perspective of factors determining long‐lasting shifts in work values, ranging from recognizing the intrinsic meanings of work to the predominance of pragmatic, instrumental work attitudes. The authors identified three main types of transforming work values based on a systematic mapping of publications. First, the prevalence of material, pragmatic values almost does not leave space for the social value of work. Second, it is the perception of work as a meaningless activity that cannot contribute to work satisfaction. Third, it is a vision of a society without work. When describing these types, the authors outline the transformation of work into an ordinary market product that has lost its intrinsic value and become a source of frustration, alienation, and psychological stress for workers. Diversity of work values reflects the controversial processes related to the global transformation of labor from the growth of innovative potential of some professions to the fear of technological unemployment and new risks for others.

On the importance of congruence between personal and work values – How value incongruence affects job satisfaction: A multiple mediation model

This study proposes a novel conceptualization of work values designed to quantify the degree of incongruity between personal values and workplace demands. We define work values as the priorities individuals wish to be recognized for in their workplace, while personalvalues are those the individual personally identifies with. By contrasting personal and work values, we provide evidence for value incongruence among employees and showed that this measurement of value incongruence effectively predicts key job-related metrics. Value incongruence directly reduces job satisfaction, but its primary impact is indirect. Our multiple mediation analysis reveals that it mainly affects job satisfaction through perceived job meaningfulness, relationships with supervisors, and opportunities for career advancement. We discuss the implications of our findings for various stakeholders and suggest potential improvements for individual and societal well-being linked to the future of work.

The “Opportunity Cost”: Care Work Compensation from a Gender Perspective in China

Asserting the value of care work within a family is not only a significant issue that affects the quality of marital life, but it also lays the groundwork for supporting the sustainable development of society and, ultimately, the country. Constantly, the theory of surplus value is employed to help understand the value of care work. However, it still lacks a macro-construction from a gender perspective. This article analyzes 15 judicial cases after introducing the Civil Code and compares the condition of application, the amount, and the factor considered in recognition of care work compensation under Chinese law. It concludes that in practice, the amount of compensation for care work remains relatively modest, with the division of the community property division heavily influencing it. At the macro level, the recognition of the economic value of the care work compensation must be emphasized from a gender construction. In contrast, at the micro level, a balance must be struck between the possibility of the other spouse benefiting from “the opportunity cost.”

Supplementary information for: On the importance of congruence between personal and work values–How value incongruence affects job satisfaction: A multiple mediation model

Supplementary information for: On the importance of congruence between personal and work values–How value incongruence affects job satisfaction: A multiple mediation model

Resisting the spiral of silence: reflections on Thomas Mathiesen’s contributions to surveillance studies, social silencing and abolitionism

In late 2021, some six months after his death, the University of Oslo held a commemoration of the work of Professor Thomas Mathiesen. As this issue of Justice, Power and Resistance will attest, Mathiesen cut across definitions of theorist, scholar, pedagogue and archetypal academic activist. In this short intervention, I pay tribute to the influence Thomas’ work has had not only on my own, but on so many interventions around injustice and ever-expanding aspects of surveillant social controls which proliferate contemporarily. In doing so, this short article will highlight an overview of his most recognised work, before delving into a perspective that I consider to be more relevant than ever: Mathiesen’s conceptualisation of ‘silent silencing’ (Mathiesen, 2004). Overall, this contribution seeks to remind those new to studies of harm and social control of the value of critical work which came before us, and the need to engage, reflect and rebuild perspectives such as Mathiesen’s in ways which are meaningful to contemporary problems and optimal (abolitionist) solutions.

The clinical value of noninvasive left ventricular myocardial work in the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease: a comparative study with coronary flow reserve fraction.

The prompt and precise identification of hemodynamically significant coronary artery lesions remains an ongoing challenge. This study investigated the diagnostic value of non-invasive global left ventricular myocardial work indices by echocardiography in functional status of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with myocardial ischemia using fractional flow reserve (FFR) as the gold standard. A total of 77 consecutive patients with clinically suspected CAD were prospectively enrolled. All participants sequentially underwent echocardiography, invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and FFR measurement. According to the results of ICA, patients were divided into myocardial ischemia group (FFR ≤ 0.8, n = 27) and non-myocardial ischemia group (FFR > 0.8, n = 50). Myocardial work indices including global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work (GWW), global work efficiency (GWE), global positive work (GPW), global negative work (GNW), global systolic constructive work (GSCW) and global systolic wasted work (GSWW) were obtained by using the non-invasive left ventricular pressure strain loop (PSL) technique. Compared with the non-myocardial ischemia group, GWI, GCW, GPW and GSCW were significantly decreased in the myocardial ischemia group at either the 18-segment level or the 12-segment level (P < 0.001). At the 18-segment level, GWI < 1783.6 mmHg%, GCW < 1945.4 mmHg%, GPW < 1788.7 mmHg% and GSCW < 1916.5 mmHg% were optimal cut-off value to detect myocardial ischemia with an FFR ≤ 0.8. Global left ventricular myocardial work indices by echocardiography exhibited a good diagnostic value in patients with CAD and may have a good clinical significance for the screening of suspected myocardial ischemia.

Fracturing a Female Identity

As a white woman raised in a rural community in a heteropatriarchal, evangelical Christian family whose tradition is hard work and family values, the author lived within the boundaries of those archetypal, stereotypical roles until tragedy struck, shaking the foundation of her self-concept as mother, wife, woman. This crisis invited a deterritorialization of self-concepts that imprisoned her, exposing her gendered existence, which she chronicled in journals over the period of this reimagining of self. Reflection on this personal writing reveals its role in developing not only the identity of a writer but the identity of a woman in the shattering and reimagining of facets of her “self” when a spouse’s moral undoing threatens her sense of being. In this autoethnographic study, the author’s Deleuzian approach to reflecting on identity through journal dipping into her own writing in a time of trauma and self-examination explores the possibilities for applying hermeneutics to personal texts to free the potential for rhizomatic expansion of feminine becoming born when the cultural expectations of feminine being in the United States South are fractured.

The Dignity of Nonworking Men*

AbstractStudies have demonstrated the centrality of work and dignity in men's understanding of themselves and their place in society, especially in rural areas. However, previous studies of work and identity among men have generally drawn from the perspectives of the employed. From interviews with nonmetro prime‐age men (25–54 years old) who were out of the formal labor force (N = 61), we find that men present themselves as deserving of dignified treatment. They do so by drawing on the values of work—describing themselves as skilled, hard workers with a strong sense of personal responsibility. Ironically, this sense of self‐worth can conflict with them remaining in the formal labor force because of how they are treated and how others conduct themselves on the job. In this rural setting, hegemonic market‐based values guide men even when outside the institution of work, yet some men find they can only resolve tension between these values and the realities of employment outside the formal labor market.

TEACHER’S WORK VALUES: A KEY TO ENHANCING WORK ENGAGEMENT

The school is the cornerstone of the global education system, and educators are essential to providing learners with a high-quality education. Outstanding service from teachers can result in enduringly positive experiences for students. Therefore, achieving high satisfaction among stakeholders depends critically on the unique motivational constructions of educators. The study's key findings indicate that both full-time and part-time faculty members rated the overall level of teacher’s work engagement as "Engaged," specifically in areas such as work-life balance, opportunities for growth and development, health and safety, autonomy, and feedback. A significant difference was found in work-life balance engagement between full-time and part-time faculty, leading to the rejection of the hypothesis, whereas no significant difference was observed in the other areas of engagement. Regarding teacher’s work values, both full-time and part-time faculty rated them as "Observed" across aspects like economic returns, achievement, prestige, ways of life, security, supervisory relations, associates, variety, and surroundings, with no significant difference found between the two groups, thus accepting the hypothesis. Additionally, a significant relationship exists between teacher’s work engagement and teacher’s work values, resulting in the rejection of the hypothesis.

The Influence of Elite Race Walkers’ Year-Long Training on Changes in Total Energy and Energy Cost While Walking at Different Speeds

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of year-long training of race walkers on physiological cost and total energy center of mass (CoM). The assessment performed was based on indicating the differences between the resulting energy cost in a group of elite race walkers walking at technical, threshold, and racing speeds calculated by physiological and biomechanical methods before beginning and after finishing a year-long training cycle. The study involved 12 competitive race walkers who had achieved champion or international champion level. Their aerobic endurance was determined by means of a direct method, applying an incremental exercise test on the treadmill. The gait of the participants was recorded using the 3D Vicon analysis system. Changes in mechanical energy amounted to the value of the total external work of the muscles needed to accelerate and lift the center of mass during a normalized gait cycle. The highest influence on the total external work increase for increasing speeds of gait in both examinations was attributed to the changes in the kinetic energy resulting from the center of mass movement. A statistically significant decrease of the mean value of total external work for racing speed was observed in the second examination (p &lt; 0.001). An approx. 8% decrease (NS) of EE energy cost, standardized by body mass and distance covered, was found between the first and second examinations. The energy cost and total external work were significantly differentiated by the walkers’ gait speeds (p &lt; 0.05–0.001). The energy cost significantly differed from the total external work at p &lt; 0.001.

미취업 청년 캥거루족의 부모 경제적 의존 유형화 및 결정요인

The primary objective of this study is to categorize the different forms of economic reliance that unemployed young adults have on their parents and identify the factors contributing to this dependency. The study utilized data from the Youth Panel Survey (YP) conducted by the Korea Employment Information Service and performed a latent class analysis on unemployed young adults receiving financial support from their parents. Based on the reasons for and levels of parental financial support, four distinct types of economic dependency were identified: 'Moderate Living Expense Dependency,' 'High Housing Expense Dependency,' 'Minimal Living Expense Dependency,' and 'Unconditional Dependency.' Each type is differentiated by the specific reasons young adults rely on their parents and the level of financial support they receive. The study further analyzed how sociodemographic characteristics, career maturity, job search preparation, and work values influence these types of economic dependency. The results indicated that the 'High Housing Expense Dependency' type was more common among young adults living in metropolitan areas and those with a university degree or higher. This group tended to receive higher amounts of financial support from their parents for housing costs. On the other hand, the 'Unconditional Dependency' type was prevalent among students and those whose parents had greater wealth. This group exhibited lower levels of career maturity and placed more importance on economic rewards and job security in their work values. Additionally, the study demonstrated that economic dependency among unemployed young adults is closely linked not only to financial factors but also to their career maturity and job search preparation. For example, those categorized under 'Moderate Living Expense Dependency' and 'High Housing Expense Dependency' exhibited lower career maturity but higher levels of job search preparation. This research aims to provide important policy insights by offering an in-depth understanding of the complex reasons behind young adults' financial dependence on their parents and the types of support they receive. The findings will contribute to developing policies that promote the economic independence of young adults and support a smoother transition into the workforce. Furthermore, the study provides foundational data to help reduce the challenges these young adults face during their transition into employment.

Work engagement among post-millennial generation in Jakarta: Examining work-life balance and work values dynamics

Employers must increase work engagement to keep workers actively involved, committed, and making the greatest contributions to the business. Encouraging employee well-being through work-life balance and work values is one way to increase work engagement. This research aims to examine the influence of work-life balance and work value on work engagement among Generation of post-millennial in Jakarta city. The research method used to analyze this study is quantitative with a descriptive format aimed at explaining and summarizing various conditions and situations. The research method employed partial hypothesis testing using the SmartPLS program. The sample size for this study is 150 respondents and data collection are done through questionnaires. The data analysis techniques and tools used in this study include descriptive statistics, inner model testing, and outer model testing. The population of this study is the post-millennial generation workers, and they also serve as the sample for the study. The research results indicate that work-life balance has a positive and significant impact on work engagement, work value has a positive and significant impact on work engagement, and both work-life balance and work value have a positive and significant influence on work engagement among the post-millennial generation in Jakarta city. Perusahaan harus berupaya untuk terus meningkatkan keterlibatan kerja agar pekerja tetap aktif, berkomitmen, dan memberikan kontribusi terbesar bagi bisnis. Mendorong kesejahteraan karyawan melalui keseimbangan kehidupan kerja dan nilai-nilai kerja merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh work-life balance dan work value terhadap work engagement pada generasi pasca milenial atau generasi Z di kota Jakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan merangkum berbagai kondisi dan situasi. Selain itu, dilakukan pengujian hipotesis secara parsial dengan menggunakan program SmartPLS. Besar sampel penelitian ini adalah 150 responden, dan pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui distribusi kuesioner. Teknik dan alat analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi statistik deskriptif, pengujian inner model, dan pengujian outer model. Populasi penelitian ini adalah pekerja yang termasuk dalam kategori generasi pos-milenial dan mereka juga dijadikan sebagai sampel penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa work-life balance berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap work engagement, nilai kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap work engagement, serta work-life balance dan work value mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap work engagement generasi pasca milenial di kota Jakarta.

The Role of Intergenerational Differences in Influencing Perceptions of Salary and Benefits: A Review Study

There are at least four generations represented in the modern labor force, each with their own perspectives on work values. The impact of Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z on the workplace has been significant, posing challenges for organizations in developing a competitive compensation strategy that caters to each generation. The objective of this research review is to examine generational characteristics, conduct a thorough analysis of cross-generational perspectives and preferences, explore influences on compensation and benefits trends, and address the challenges of managing different generations, along with potential solutions. The underlying assumption is that there are shared similarities or differences in these determinants across generations. We conducted a comprehensive review of recent literature on generational cohorts and compensation and benefits to summarize findings from the past five years. This review will also serve as a foundation for future longitudinal research, aiming to uncover the latest insights into trends among organizational cohorts and other related factors, particularly in the realm of compensation and benefits, and how they intersect with other organizational contexts, potentially influenced by socioeconomic events. Researchers suggest that qualitative research or mixed methods, with their more robust methodologies and theoretical study objectives, are the most appropriate approaches to explore generation as an influencing variable in research.

Secure messaging telehealth billing in the digital age: moving beyond time-based metrics.

We proposed adopting billing models for secure messaging (SM) telehealth services that move beyond time-based metrics, focusing on the complexity and clinical expertise involved in patient care. We trained 8 classification machine learning (ML) models using providers' electronic health record (EHR) audit log data for patient-initiated non-urgent messages. Mixed effect modeling (MEM) analyzed significance. Accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve scores generally exceeded 0.85, demonstrating robust performance. MEM showed that knowledge domains significantly influenced SM billing, explaining nearly 40% of the variance. This study demonstrates that ML models using EHR audit log data can improve and predict billing in SM telehealth services, supporting billing models that reflect clinical complexity and expertise rather than time-based metrics. Our research highlights the need for SM billing models beyond time-based metrics, using EHR audit log data to capture the true value of clinical work.

The Value of Work since the 18th Century: Custom, Conflict, Measurement, and Theory ed. by Massimo Asta and Pedro Ramos Pinto

<i>The Value of Work since the 18th Century: Custom, Conflict, Measurement, and Theory</i> ed. by Massimo Asta and Pedro Ramos Pinto

Hospitality in the age of Gen Z: a critical reflection on evolving customer and workforce expectations

PurposeGen Z, the largest and fastest-growing consumer generation, is transforming the hospitality industry as both customers and employees. By critically synthesizing empirical literature, this study aims to explore how this generation’s distinct behaviors are reshaping customer expectations and workforce trends within the sector.Design/methodology/approachA critical synthesis of empirical studies was used to examine current research on Gen Z as customers and employees in the hospitality industry.FindingsGen Z exhibits distinct preferences and expectations in their dual roles as customers and employees, prompting substantial shifts in hospitality industry standards and practices. They rely heavily on digital channels and peer recommendations when making travel decisions and expect highly personalized, tech-enabled experiences. This young cohort of travelers values unique, authentic and sustainable offerings. As employees, Gen Z prioritizes flexible work arrangements, career growth and workplaces aligned with sustainability, diversity and social responsibility. Hospitality providers must adapt their customer experience, marketing and HR strategies to meet these evolving demands.Practical implicationsTo engage Gen Z customers and employees in the hospitality industry effectively, businesses must prioritize personalized experiences, leverage technology and adopt sustainable practices aligned with Gen Z’s social and environmental values. Moreover, offering adaptable work environments with remote opportunities and investing in professional development enhances appeal for Gen Z employees. Understanding Gen Z’s values and behaviors can help businesses improve customer satisfaction, attract top talent and remain competitive in a rapidly evolving market.Originality/valueThis study represents a preliminary endeavor to provide a critical assessment of Gen Z in the hospitality and tourism sector, offering novel insights into their travel behaviors, preferences and work values. It explores their expectations, attitudes toward work and career choices, offering guidance on how businesses can meet the evolving demands of this key demographic.

Research on the thermal energy environment and process parameters of milling process in ceramic art design

In ceramic art design, milling technology is the key processing technology, which directly affects the quality and artistic expression of ceramic products. However, the thermal energy environment generated in the milling process has a significant impact on the material characteristics and machining results. This study aims to explore the influence of the thermal energy environment on the ceramic art design during the milling process, optimize the process parameters, and improve the processing efficiency and product quality. Experiments with different milling speed, feed rate and cutting depth were designed to compare and analyze the change of thermal environment by combining experiment and simulation. The influence of thermal energy on ceramic machining quality was evaluated by monitoring the temperature distribution in the cutting process with thermal imaging technology and combining with the experimental data of material properties. The experimental results show that the temperature increase in milling process is closely related to the cutting speed and feed rate, and proper control of the thermal energy environment can significantly reduce the crack generation rate and improve the surface finish of ceramic materials. The optimized process parameters make the temperature control in the milling process within the ideal range, thus realizing the processing of high quality ceramic products. Through reasonable optimization of process parameters, the heat energy in the processing process can be effectively controlled, which helps to improve the overall quality and artistic value of ceramic works.

Self-fulfillment and Work in the Light of "The Acting Person" of Karol Wojtyla

This study focused on the philosophy of Karol Wojtyla in his book entitled “The Acting Person” about one of the activities of a human person, i.e. work itself. Although he did not dedicate any topic to human work, his very explanation of the action of the person as both subjective and personal is what human work is. Work, as lived experience, is one of the many actions a human person is capable of doing. On one side, despite the toilsome or burdensome character of human work, there exists a uniqueness in the person apart from beings. On the other, despite the uniqueness and value of work, there still exists a dehumanization from work, that of being replaced by faster and seemingly more reliable machinery or technology. However, work, as one of the many voluntary human actions, actually reveals the person and goes beyond his cosmological situatedness as simply a man. It is in the transcendence in action that changes these negative connotations of work putting the person as the subject and never the object of work. Work is a true manifestation of, first and foremost, our consciousness. The human person is not only conscious of his actions but even conscious of his conscious acting. Since the person is conscious of what he is doing, he is the efficient cause, that is, the active agent that brings about a series of effects. This conscious and efficacious acting brings about what Wojtyla would call self-determination, self-possession and self-governance. Lastly, work as one of the conscious and efficacious actions of a human person brings about self-fulfilment or in other words “felicity,” knowing that it is the same person who creates and contributes, in and through his work how and what it is to be human.