Values Of Russian Society Research Articles

«КОКТЕЙЛЬНЫЙ» ЧЕБУРАШКА: МЕДИЙНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ СОЗДАНИЯ И ПРОДВИЖЕНИЯ ОБРАЗА В РОССИЙСКОМ МАССОВОМ КИНЕМАТОГРАФЕ

The Russian family comedy Cheburashka became not only an example of a successful commercial project, but also demonstrated an example of professional adaptation of Hollywood technologies in the modern domestic socio-cultural space. Against the background of a steady and continuously increasing nostalgia for the Soviet past, a creative product was created in which the audience’s illusions about the Soviet Cheburashka and new Western-oriented, ideologized cultural values were strangely combined, which turned out to be encoded in the characters, subject environment andplot twists of the film. The image of Cheburashka in Soviet culture evolved from an amorphous animal with an unspecified species to a common Soviet symbol of childhood with an appropriate set of existential meanings. According to the authors of the Russian Cheburashka, they created a new story of this character, at the same time, the retroatmosphere of the picture and the set of characters invariably refer viewers to the Soviet Cheburashka. But the new image can only formally be attributed to its visual prototype, since it was intentionally created as a visual and semantic structure appealing to the prevailing industrial thematism and consumer values in Russian society. That is why the new Cheburashka becomes an “Easter egg”, implicitly indicating the presence in one film of several dozen purposefully borrowed elements of images of popular characters from commercially successful Western, Soviet and Russian media projects of the past decades. Such technology makes it possible to fix the prevailing ideological trend associated with the comprehensive assimilation of Western values in the space of Russian culture.

CULTURAL TRANSFORMATION AND VALUE DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA

Since the first stages of society’s development, such phenomena as “culture” and “value” have been of particular importance, since value development necessarily leads to a change in culture, and a renewed culture forms new values in society. And currently, these phenomena are of research interest for many theoretical and applied developments of philosophers, cultural scientists, sociologists.
 At the end of the 20th century, the rapid development of digital technologies and their introduction into the daily lives of millions of people brought about global changes in culture and values. At a certain period of time, after the collapse of the USSR in the 1990s and early 2000s, Russia was guided by Western values, but since the late 2000s the situation has changed, legislative acts regulating cultural policy in the Russian Federation, including in the field of spiritual and moral values, have been adopted.
 Purpose. The article attempts to analyze the transformation of values in Russian society, summarize the state experience in regulating the sphere of culture and identify additional possible measures to preserve cultural and moral identity.
 Methods. The cultural philosophical approach has made it possible to trace the transformation of values in society in recent years. General logical research methods were used in the work. The legislative acts of the Russian Federation regulating the policy in the field of culture are considered.
 Results. Consideration of the philosophical and cultural approaches of various researchers to the renewal of culture and the transformation of values made it possible to clarify these processes and their interrelationship. Through the analysis of legislative acts and the results of opinion polls, the measures taken by the state to transform culture are evaluated.
 As a result of the consideration of the relationship between culture and values and the study of legislative acts, it has been revealed that in recent years the authorities have realized the need at the state level to review cultural policy and position the revival of national traditions and foundations. But the measures taken are still insufficient.
 Practical implications. The results of the research can be applied in any cultural, philosophical, social, humanitarian research, in the framework of educational and cognitive transformations, analysis of cross-cultural interactions.

‘People Don’t Live There, on the Streets—They Are Surviving’: Gender Specifics of Homelessness Coping Strategies in St. Petersburg, Russia

Homelessness is a significant and increasing problem in modern Russia, which is admitted mostly by NGOs. In addition, in academic, media and state discourses, homelessness is traditionally viewed as a male phenomenon, and there is a lack of research focused on the gender aspects of homelessness in Russia. Therefore, the underrepresentation of homeless women’s experiences and their comparison to homeless men’s experiences, in academic and policy research in Russia, influence the diversity and quality of services provided to homeless people. Based on an analysis of 60 in-depth qualitative interviews conducted with homeless men and women in Saint Petersburg, this article compares men’s and women’s coping strategies in the situation of homelessness. Research shows that the homeless experience is gender-specific. When lacking resources, women use a special gendered form of capital—‘feminine’ capital—while men utilise more masculine coping strategies. The patriarchal traditions and values of Russian society also play a significant role in the paths of people experiencing homelessness.

On the Origins of Administrative and Judicial Discretion in Russian Administrative and Jurisdictional Activities

The article continues the discussion organized by the journal with the participation of professors Yuri P. Solovey and Petr P. Serkov on the problem of administrative discretion. The Author proposes to look at the difference between the internal content of administrative discretion and judicial discretion, which is evolutionarily incorporated in the proceedings on administrative offenses. The reader is invited to the conclusion that administrative responsibility has historically been imposed by government bodies for disobedience to the current management order. The authorized body acts on behalf of the public authority, and the responsibility imposed by it means the responsibility of a person to the government for disobedience to its internal policy. In Russia, it arose in the 1920s, when V. I. Lenin considered the people's courts weak in resolving issues of the application of public law penalties to persons who do not comply with the norms established by the Soviet government. The judicial order arose and evolved as a people's revision of the public authorities' initiative for administrative prosecution. Such a reform of administrative responsibility was carried out after the death of I.V. Stalin N. S. Khrushchev, who, trying to restore the lost trust of society in the authorities, believed that administratively punishable acts should cause condemnation not only of the authorities, but also of society. Some categories of cases of administrative offenses were assigned to the competence of the people's court. The court acts on behalf not of the public authority, but of the country as a whole. When imposing a punishment, the court declares the person guilty before the country not of an anti-government, but of an anti-social act. Administrative responsibility is evolutionarily connected with the discretion of the jurisdictional body. Its content is various social rules and values, including principles, as well as political considerations. Administrative discretion is dominated by managerial values: general prevention, ensuring public order, controllability of the masses, tax collection, implementation of state policy, etc. Judicial discretion, being realized on behalf of the country, reproduces the social norms and values of Russian society as a whole. Both legislative norms and managerial values are preserved, but become part of the general range of social norms and values, which is dominated by the universal principles of justice, reasonableness, proportionality and an adequate balance of private and public interests.

The problem of classism and equality in criminal law: socio-legal analysis

The author problematizes the issue of equality of citizens before Criminal Code, as well as the question of classist nature of the criminal delinquency and, accordingly, criminal law. This debate has existed so far in the circle of jurists, different points of view are expressed, arguments are given. Meanwhile, the very understanding of the term “class” as applied to crime or criminal law has changed over time. The paper describes how the discourse on classism has changed, the positions of the Constitutional Court of Russia on equality are presented. Based on the data of judicial statistics, the author points to stable patterns when less severe penalties are imposed for crimes considered to be more serious in law. This phenomenon, which may seem paradoxical in terms of the doctrine of criminal law, has a criminological explanation. In all such cases, the courts respond to the social characteristics of the criminals: the defendants for more serious crimes are those who have used their official position, but these same persons have positive characteristics, they are socialized to the maximum extent possible. And on the contrary, those who committed less serious crimes did not have a someone official position and in general, for the most part, are representatives of lower social strata. The author substantiates the thesis that the theoretical and methodological features of the current criminal law, in particular the mechanisms for differentiating criminal liability and the system of criminal penalties, do not adequately take into account the social characteristics of crime, the actual system of social values in Russian society, and the features of social stratification. The entire system of criminal punishments and the vast majority of sanctions in the articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Russia are based on a certain model of the hierarchy of the system of social values. At the same time, sociological studies make it possible to find that the indicated hierarchy model is divorced from reality, and therefore the criminal law is not an adequate reflection of real social relations. The author proposes to change the methodology of building a system of criminal penalties and sanctions in the articles of the Special part of the Criminal code. At the same time, it recognizes as a utopia the hope of ensuring equality of citizens before the law by establishing common and identical scales for all with a universal gradation of the severity of criminal penalties, since they contradict social reality.

References to the Russan Society’s Values in the Presidential Addresses to the Federal Assembly

The digital transformation intensifies a devaluation of traditional institutions and the need to search for new integrating factors which are called upon to be the values shared by the society. We purpose to identify the value connotations in the discursive practices of the Presidential Addresses to the Federal Assembly from 1994-2021. We use such methods as the identification and classification of values by cross-cultural research; content analysis; clustering and mapping; analysis of secondary sociological data from representative public opinion polls conducted in the analyzed years; analysis of macroeconomic statistics; correlation analysis, etc. We revealed the strengthening of the materialistic component of public discourse (Ronald Inglehart) during periods of economic crisis. We also confirmed the Geert Hofstede thesis of the dominance of collectivist values in Russian society, but not the high power distance. Russian political discourse gravitates towards both egalitarian values (Shalom Schwartz) and liberal values (Milton Rokeach). Persistent negative connotations between the public voicing of values and their perception by respondents indicate the existence of a latent value conflict between the elite and society, manifesting itself in an increase in the demand for change. We interpret the increase in the frequency of mentioning political values during periods of economic recession as attempts by the elite to rally around the flag, and also as a consequence of the gradual filling of values with new meanings in the mass consciousness. Persistent negative connotations between the the public voicing of political values and their perception by respondents indicate the existence of a latent value conflict between the elite and society, manifesting itself in an increase in the demand for change. The article both complements existing empirical studies of public policy and adapts well-known theories of political axiology to Russian practice.

Verification of Value Dominants in the Regional Media Discourse: а Traumatic-Phobic Segment of the Information Field

The relevance of the research is due to the fact that under the influence of the relativistic axiological paradigm, traditional humanistic values are “tested” in mass media discourse, and the irrelevance for the modern mass consciousness is constantly verified. Such tendencies are manifested in the existence of a specific agenda, in which fears and phobias are accumulated in relation to the existing type of culture and moral and ethical norms. The paper presents a modern and unique empirical material the discourse of regional media, which represents the mechanisms of verification of values and the impossible transformation in the conditions of a pandemic, which determines the novelty of the study. The problem of studying the value picture is related to the role of the media in the formation of phobias and fears, or, on the contrary, in the elimination. Thus, the mass media are forced to report traumatic events, that is, events that violate the social norm, as a result, a traumatic-phobic segment of the information picture is constructed, which allows us to establish the demanded value dominants. The purpose of the work is to identify the regularities of the construction of the traumatic-phobic discourse of the regional mass media, which presents threats to the norm, the basic values of Russian society. The following methods are used in the work: discourse analysis, concept analysis and narrative analysis of journalistic publication sat the regional level that verbalize the concept of “phobia”. The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis put forward: in the regional mass media discourse, the object of which is traumatic events, there are fears and phobias associated with the loss, loss of key humanistic values that should streamline social reality, harmonize social relations, determine a positive scenario of social life.

Leading components of ethnic mentality in Mari verbal charms

Introduction. The relevance of the article is determined by the need for a systematic description of the national-cultural characteristics of individual peoples (in particular, Mari) and fixing the composition of the identified ethno-differentiating components of mentality, which demonstrate the identity of ethnic cultures. The article presents new data on the systemic nature of the Mari mentality, which core is a subsystem of images, symbols and values, summarizing the results of the mental functions of perception and thinking, reflected in folklore texts and are actively used in the daily life of Mari society. Materials and Methods. 600 conspiracy-spell texts, extracted from various sources, are considered in the framework of system theory using a combination of linguistic, traditional folkloristic approaches and quantitative methods. The algorithm for studying ethnic mentality, shown in the article, makes it possible to use the theoretical basis and methodological base in the study of the texts of other folklore genres belonging to other cultures. Results and Discussion. As a result of the work, a description of some national and cultural characteristics of the Mari ethnos is presented. It contributes to the preservation and enhancement of the traditional spiritual and moral values of Russian society. Conclusion. The research novelty, relevance and significance of this work are determined by the set of tasks, which results in new data on the systemic nature and components of the Mari national mentality obtained using the innovative methodology of the interdisciplinary approach applied to the study of unique folklore texts. Academic and applied significance lies in the development of a methodological base, the choice of which can be considered as a certain contribution to the creation of methods for studying ethnic mentality on the basis of folklore texts.

ЗДОРОВЬЕ В СУБЪЕКТИВНЫХ ОЦЕНКАХ СОСТОЯЩИХ В БРАКЕ ГОРОДСКИХ ЖИТЕЛЕЙ

Significance. The self-assessment of the health of Russians, as well as the real indicators of health, is lower than in the developed countries of the world. Studies of this indicator can serve as a scientific basis for the development and implementation of preventive programs in the field of health and a healthy lifestyle. Purpose: determining the place of health in the hierarchy of values, establishing the level of satisfaction with health, and the characteristics of health self-assessments among married urban residents. Material and Methods. Research of the Family Sociology and Demography Department of the Sociological Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University (2018-2019) “Interregional sociological and demographic study of the family-child lifestyle values” (SeDOJ-2019), supplemented by data from the European Social Survey (8th and 9th waves, 2016, 2018-2019) and Rosstat data. Results. The analysis shows that health occupies a leading position among life values. The value of health is higher for the elderly, as well as for those who are in a registered marriage and have children. Self-assessments of health and marital status are not unambiguously related, at younger ages there is practically no dependence on status, with increasing age it becomes positive, especially for men. An increase in the number of children in a family has practically no effect on the subjective assessments of women's health and has a positive effect on men's self-assessments. Satisfaction with the children's health grows with the growth of the number of children among respondents of both sexes. Higher levels of education and income have a positive effect on self-reported health and satisfaction. There is an inverse relationship between age and self-assessments of health, as in the whole world, but in Russia, the fall in self-assessments with age is deeper and occurs at younger ages than in Western Europe. Scope of application. The data presented in the article can serve as the basis for a differentiated policy aimed at increasing the value of health, improving the degree of its implementation in the practices of self-preserving behavior, as well as strengthening the intrafamily transmission of healthy lifestyle values in Russian society.

Некоторые аспекты переоценки духовно-нравственных ценностей в российском обществе

Некоторые аспекты переоценки духовно-нравственных ценностей в российском обществе

Digitization of the Population in Russia: Technologies and Levels of Interaction

The article deals with the review of digitalization trends and the subsequent possible transformation of the value consciousness of Russians. The authors analyze the process and probable consequences of the implementation of the programs "Digital economy of the Russian Federation" and "National security strategy of the Russian Federation until 2020". Replacing traditional socio-cultural and moral values of Russians with instinctive ones is what can happen as a result of active digitalization in the most negative development of events. The article focuses on the fact of the formation of new digital (information) values of Russian society in the context of traditional cultural values. The authors note the fact of the modeling of a number of up-to-date values of modern Russian society. The article deals with innovations and social consequences of digitalization for the population of Russia, as well as the digital technologies implementation dynamics in the life of Russian social medium. The main problems associated with the inclusion of digitalization in everyday life of Russians are designated.

Women’s Charities in Russia in the Late 19 Century~Early 20 Century

19세기 후반 이래 활발히 진행된 러시아 여성자선단체들의 활동은 당시 러시아 여성들이 처한 어려운 사회경제적 환경을 배경으로 그들에게 물질적 지원과 사회활동의 기회를 제공해 주는 것을 일차적인 목표로 설정하고, 우선 어려움에 처한 여성들을 구제하는데 적극 나섰다. 이들은 도시 여성 빈곤층에게 음식과 주거 등 생활필수품을 제공하고, 어린 아이들을 돌보았으며, 질병 예방 및 치료 등 시급한 의료 서비스 제공에도 나섰다. 또한 反알콜, 매춘척결, 순결운동 등 다양 한 사회계몽 운동도 벌였다. 나아가 이들 여성자선단체들은 교육지원 활동을 통 해 빈곤층 여성들에게 지식과 새로운 관념을 심어주고, 직업적 선택권의 폭을 넓혀 안정적 생활수준을 유지하게 하며, 그들에게 격하된 도덕ㆍ윤리적 수준을 높이려 하였다. 이러한 여성자선단체를 설립하고 주도적 역할을 한 것은 황후를 비롯 귀부인, 기업가 내지 대상인들의 부인들이었다. 19세기 후반 ‘여성자선활동’을 고무시킨 요인 중에 하나는 새로운 입법개혁을 통해 자선활동에 대한 법률적 제한이 완화되어 여성들도 합법적으로 여성자선단체를 조직하고 활동할 수 있는 법적 근거가 마련된 것이다. 여성자선단체들의 다양한 활동에도 불구하고, 황실가의 후원을 받는 일부 단체들을 제외하고는 대부분의 단체들은 기금의 부족과 체계적인 조직 그리고 운영의 미숙 등으로 어려움을 겪었다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 19세기 후반~20세기 초 여성 자선단체들의 활동은 사회 엘리트 상류계층의 사회적ㆍ도덕적 의무가 어떻게 현실 사회에 구현되었는가를 보여준 선례로서 충분히 가치가 있다 하겠다.The activities of Russian women charities, which have been active since the late 19th century, set the primary goal of providing them with material support and opportunities for social activities considering the difficult socioeconomic environment faced by Russian women at that time, and actively sought to save women in need. They provided necessities such as food and housing to the poor women in urban areas, took care of their young children, and provided urgent medical services such as disease prevention and treatment. They also launched various social enlightenment campaigns, such as ‘temperance movement,’ ‘prostitution eradication’ and ‘chastity movement’. In addition, these women’s charities tried to instill knowledge and new ideas to poor women, expand the scope of career options to maintain a stable living standard, and raise the moral and ethical standards lowered by them through educational support activities. It was the empress, ladies, businessmen and the wives of wealthy merchants who founded and played a leading role in the organizations. They tried to actively implement the traditional emotional or religious beliefs that emphasized the social responsibility of individuals or the rich as universal values in Russian society. One of the factors that inspired “female charity” in the late 19th century was the legal basis for women to legally organize and operate women’s charities through new legislative reforms. Despite the various activities of women’s charities, with the exception of some organizations sponsored by the imperial family, most organizations have suffered from a lack of funds, systematic organization and operation. There was also a limit that their activities were not extended to rural areas where the majority of Russian women lived. Nevertheless, the activities of women’s charities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries are valuable as a precedent of how social and moral obligations of the social elite were embodied in society.

Повседневная жизнь светской дамы в провинции (по материалам писем 1840—1850-х гг. жены уральского заводовладельца Е. А. Соломирской)

On the basis of archival materials - letters of a metropolitan fine lady, wife of co-owner of Sysertsky plants (Perm province) Yekaterina Aleksandrovna Solomirskaya, written in the middle of the 19 th century from the province (Sysertsky plant or Yekaterinburg) to her father in Moscow, the Moscow postal director A. Ya. Bulgakov, - daily life of a noblewoman, who grew up and shined in society, and subsequently trapped in the Ural province, is reconstructed. The process of adaptation of metropolitan lady to provincial life, the change of her value orientations, lifestyle, everyday matters, circle of friends and interests is discussed. The relevance of the work is due to the turn of world humanitarian knowledge to the anthropological paradigm of research, the desire to rethink approaches to the reconstruction of the past, close attention to the life and work of certain members of the upper class as carriers of cultural values of Russian society, as well as the unexplored daily life of the provincial nobility. Analysis of the Ural archival materials in these aspects refutes the well-established opinion that the nobles did not live in the Urals.

Modern Western Historiography and Russian Legal and Judicial Practices of the 18–20th Centuries: Main Research Trends

The article is devoted to the current trend of modern Western historiography: the study of the Russian Empire juridical relations. The analysis is made on the materials of the French historical periodicals. Historians try to identify the key principles feeding law practice in the context of a more general change in values of Russian society, overcoming the traditional dichotomy between the theory and practice of law. Key topics and priorities of this research direction show the close relationship between law principles and practices, because the logic of administration often provoke legislative changes, the officials of the Russian / Soviet Empire combine administrative and legal prerogatives and the historical specifics shows a close relationship between institutionally separated political, administrative and legal branches of authorities. Historical researches have also focused on the study of the interaction between institutions and their representatives, various groups of the population who have different objectives, mutual perception and communication.

Power and Ideology: Vladimir Putin and the Russian Political System

This paper explores the ideas that have been offered by the Putin leadership in Russia to justify the concentration of power achieved since 2000. Though Vladimir Putin has said that Russia does not need a state ideology, since early 2006 some officials associated with Putin, including Vladislav Surkov, have called for an ideology for the dominant United Russia Party, and have asserted that Putin’s speeches provide the core of that ideology. This essay discusses Putin’s position on Russia’s commitment to democracy, the relationship between Russia and Europe, and the nature of the international system in which Russia fi nds itself. The author sees the concept of “sovereign democracy” that has been offered by Surkov and endorsed by United Russia as summarizing ideas that already had been articulated by Putin. Putin’s words strongly emphasize the importance of a consensus of values in Russian society and politics. That theme has important implications for the relationship between the state and civil society in Russia. Evans argues that the ideological pronouncements of the Putin leadership refl ect tension between apparently inconsistent principles resulting from a combination of inherently contradictory themes. Putin identifi es the main danger facing Russia in the contemporary period as disintegration rather than stagnation.