Rotation Values Research Articles

Influence of design parameters on beam-to-column connections of steel storage rack systems

Storage rack systems are the products of cold-formed steel material. Increase in the volume of distant sale in recent years has also increased the importance of logistics and storage industry. In steel storage racks, plug-in beam-end connectors are used to produce boltless and semi-rigid beam-to-column connections. Variability of tab designs for beam-end connector makes it heavily difficult to develop a generalized analytical model. For some typical connectors, several analytical models are available to evaluate the performance of connections. In this study, sixteen beam-to-column connection tests were conducted on a commercially available pallet rack assembly by varying the most effective parameters such as the wall-thickness of the column section, height of the beam, vertical beam position on the connector, and installation of the bolts at connector level among the opening of the column. Being the main goals of this study, failure mechanisms and moment-rotation effects of changing vertical position of the beam on the connector and placing bolts among the opening of the column at the horizontal alignments of the connector, were investigated. These experimental results have shed light on how the ultimate moment capacity, rotational stiffness and rotational ductility values ​​vary by changing these design parameters. In the light of these results, an analytical model has been proposed in order to predict the structural behavior of beam-to-column connections with an acceptable accuracy.

Poster 195: Retrospective Outcomes of Primary Rotator Cuff Repairs Involving Two or More Tendons

Poster 195: Retrospective Outcomes of Primary Rotator Cuff Repairs Involving Two or More Tendons

Range of Motion Measurements of the Hip Joint Are Useful in Screening for Acetabular Dysplasia in Healthy Young Japanese Women.

The purpose of this study is to clarify whether a hip range of motion (ROM) measurement is useful in screening for early hip osteoarthritis with acetabular dysplasia (AD). Subjects were 58 healthy Japanese women volunteers (21.1 ± 0.7 (20 - 22)). We evaluated a total of 116 hip joints in these 58 cases. Sharp angle and centeredge angle were 44.1° ± 3.1° (37.0° - 51.5°) and 30.7°± 6.2° (19.5° - 47.0°), respectively. AD was present in 47.4%, but there were no severe cases. First, we compared the ROM of the hip joints with AD (AD group) and without AD (control group) according to the Mann-Whitney U test. Extension angles and external rotation angles in the AD group were significantly smaller than in the control group (18.9°± 6.1° VS. 22.1°± 4.2°, p= 0.01636, 26.3°± 8.9° VS. 34.1°± 8.8°, p= 0.001362, respectively). Next, we evaluated the following factors associated with AD by logistic regression analysis after adjustment for age: flexion, extension and internal and external rotation angles of the hip joint. As a result, internal rotation and external rotation were extracted as related factors. The area under the ROC curve was determined to have a moderate accuracy (0.72996). Cut off values of internal rotation and external rotation angles were 50 degrees and 35 degrees, respectively. Our findings suggest that ROM measurement of the internal and external rotation angles would be useful as a screening for AD in healthy young Japanese women without symptoms.

Specified pretension values and installation parameters for 2205 and 17–4 PH condition H1150 stainless steel fastener assemblies

In many areas of the United States, corrosion is a common cause of steel bridge deterioration. This has caused some state agencies to use stainless steel for bridges in very corrosive environments. However, most steel bridges in the United States contain numerous slip-critical bolted connections, and stainless steel bolts have not historically been used in slip-critical connections. Therefore, there is limited or no guidance on the specified pretension to which stainless steel bolts can be installed. There is also limited or no guidance on the installation parameters, such as the nut rotation for the turn-of-nut method or initial torque and nut rotation for the combined method of installation. In this project, torqued tension tests were conducted on 128 ASTM A1082 UNS S32205 (2205) and 128 ASTM A1082 UNS S17400 Type 630 Condition H1150 (17–4-H1150) stainless steel fastener assemblies. All bolts tests were 7/8 in. in diameter and ranged from 2 to 5.5 in. in length. Multiple types of lubricants were used in the testing to evaluate their effectiveness. Test results were used to improve upon an existing method to determine the specified pretension and installation parameters of each fastener assembly type, depending on strength, ductility, and lubricant criteria. Analysis determined that 2205 fastener assemblies can be installed to a specified pretension of 80% of their ultimate strength while 17–4-H1150 fastener assemblies can be installed at their yield strength. Nut rotation values from snug for the turn-of-nut installation method and initial torque range and nut rotation values for the combined installation method are also provided in the paper.

Evaluation of dissimilar 7075 aluminum/AISI 304 stainless steel joints using friction stir welding

Friction stir welding of dissimilar 7075 aluminum/AISI 304 stainless steel joints was done using different tool rotational speed values. The weld was mainly formed in the aluminum part due to the offset value, and stainless steel particles were surrounded with the stirred fine-grained Al matrix. Intermetallic compounds consisting of FeAl3, Fe3Si, FeAl, Fe4Al13 and Fe3Al2Si4 were found in the weld bead. The thickness of the intermetallic compound layers was increased up to 6 µm by increasing the tool rotational speed. Moreover, the stir zone was mainly characterized by a composite-like structure. The weld strength was increased significantly by decreasing the tool’s rotational speed. The maximum strength of joints was about 72% of 7075 aluminum strength. The formation of extensive intermetallic compound layers could be the reason for the reduced joint strength. In specimens with higher tool rotational speeds, fracture occurred within the stir zone.

Praseodymium-dopant effect on bismuth-substituted yttrium iron garnet films on fused silica glass substrate at the 1310 and 1550-nm wavelengths

The optical and magneto-optic (MO) properties of the praseodymium (Pr)-dopant effect on bismuth-substituted yttrium iron garnet (Bi:YIG) films coated on fused silica glass substrates by using the metal-organic-decomposition (MOD) method with chemical solutions were investigated at the 1310 and 1550-nm wavelength regions. The maximum Faraday rotation angle of the Pr-codoped Bi:YIG (Pr,By:YIG) film was observed to be 0.09 and 0.046 deg/μm at the wavelengths of 1310 and 1550 nm, respectively, when the film was annealed at a temperature of 750 °C, while those of the plain Bi:YIG film were 0.059 and 0.039 deg/μm. More than 50% improvement in the Faraday rotation value of the Pr,Bi:YIG film was observed compared to that of the Bi:YIG film at the 1310 nm wavelength. The absorption coefficient of the Pr,Bi:YIG film was comparable to that of the Bi:YIG film. Therefore, the Pr,Bi:YIG film prepared with the MOD method is potentially useful for MO applications such as optical isolators and circulators.

Modification of the Vertical Axis with Variations in the Number of Blades of the Savonius Wind Turbine

The potential wind speed in Indonesia is generally low at 3 m/s to 7 m/s so that this type of vertical axis turbine is considered very suitable for use in wind conditions in Indonesia. There are several types of vertical axis wind turbines. One type of vertical axis wind turbine is the Savonius wind turbine. Many advantages that this type of wind turbine has, such as being able to receive wind from all directions, easy and cheap to manufacture, and can rotate at a fairly low angular speed. This test was carried out to determine the performance of conventional and modified savonius turbines with 2 and 3 blades variables in each turbine blade shape. The form of modification made is by changing the shape of the blade twisting by 45o. The turbine is carried out on a laboratory scale with a wind source using a fan that is directly opposite the turbine. The results showed that the highest turbine power occurred in a modified 2-blade turbine, namely 1.88 Watt with a torque value of 0.04 Nm and a shaft rotation of 450 rpm. The highest rotation value is also obtained by 2 modified blades at a wind speed of 6 m/s producing 896 rpm. However, the highest torque value is obtained by a conventional 2-blade turbine with a value of 0.136 Nm. The highest turbine efficiency in each turbine is obtained by a modified 2 blade turbine with an efficiency value of 36.92% while the highest turbine efficiency for a modified 3 blade turbine reaches 11.69% which is considered less efficient than other turbines.

A combined experimental and computational chiroptical approach to establish the biosynthesis and absolute configuration of licochalcone L

Often, chiral natural products exist as single stereoisomers; however, simultaneous occurrences of both enantiomers can exist in nature, resulting in scalemic or racemic mixtures. Ascertaining theabsolute configuration (AC) of natural products is pivotal for attributing their specific biological signature. Specific rotation data commonly characterize chiral non-racemic natural products; however, measurement conditions, viz., solvent and concentration, can influence the sign of specific rotation values, especially when characterizing natural products possessing small values. For example, licochalcone L, a minor constituent of Glycyrrhiza inflata, was reported with a specific rotation of [α]D22= +13 (c 0.1, CHCl3); however, not establishing the AC and the reported zero specific rotation for an identical compound, licochalcone AF1, resulted in debatable chirality and its biogenesis. In this study, a combined experimental and computational chiroptical approach involving specific rotation and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data, supported by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), were effectively utilized to establish the AC of licochalcone L as the (E, 2″S)-isomer. Establishing the 2″S absolute configuration permitted the conception of a reasonable biosynthetic pathway involving intramolecular ‘5-exo-tet’ ring opening of a chiral oxirane to form chiral licochalcone L in G. inflata.

Analyzing the S-characteristic of pump-turbine under the same head condition from the perspective of flow energy dissipation

The S region on the full characteristic curve of pump-turbine is one of the important key features that affect its operation stability. In S region, one specific rotational speed value ( n11) corresponds to three specific flow rate values ( Q11), which causes the unit to fluctuate between different operation conditions. In this paper, focusing on the special region of pump-turbine, based on the combination of model experiment and numerical simulation, the S-region dynamic model of pump-turbine is established. The internal flow mechanism of pump-turbine is analyzed in detail from the perspective of Flow Energy Dissipation (FED). The results show that the high FED component is different at different operating points, but the flow energy maintain balance in the pump-turbine unit. High FED area displayed in near-wall or inter-channel of different components under different flow conditions. Besides, the generation of S region is related to the dynamic balance of energy especially in the no-load region. The analysis results of this paper provide theoretical basis for scientific and stable operation of pump-turbine.

Upper Airway Surgery or Weight Control? Modified Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

To identify the value of head rotation in the supine position and oral appliance (OA) use in drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE). Eighty-three sleep apnea adults undergoing target-controlled infusion-DISE (TCI-DISE) were recruited from a tertiary academic medical center. During DISE, 4 positions were utilized: supine position (position 1), head rotation (position 2), mandibular advancement using an OA (position 3), and head rotation with an OA (position 4). Polysomnography (PSG) data and anthropometric variables during DISE were analyzed. Eighty-three patients (65 men and 18 women; mean [standard deviation, SD], 48.5 [11.0] years) who underwent PSG and TCI-DISE were included. The mean (SD) apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 35.5 (22.4) events/h. Twenty-three patients had persistent complete concentric velopharyngeal collapse in the supine position, even with concurrent head rotation and OA (position 4). Their mean (SD) AHI was 54.7 (24.6) events/h, significantly higher than that of the 60 patients without such collapse in position 4 (p < .001). Their mean (SD) body mass index (BMI) was 29.0 (4.1) kg/m2 , also significantly higher (p = .005). After adjustment for age, BMI, tonsil size, and tongue position, the degree of velum and tongue base obstruction was significantly associated with sleep apnea severity in positions 2, 3, and 4. We showed the feasibility, safety, and usefulness of using simple edge-to-edge, reusable OA in DISE. Patients who are not responsive to head rotation and OA during TCI-DISE may need upper airway surgery and/or weight control.

New secondary metabolites produced by Paraphoma radicina FB55 as potential antifungal agents.

Microorganisms in specific environments are rich sources of bioactive natural products as they produce compounds that can aid their survival in harsh environments. In an effort to investigate antifungal compounds produced by microorganisms, the fungal strain Paraphoma radicia FB55, isolated from a marine sediment of the Beaufort Sea, north of Alaska, was subjected to chemical investigation. Chromatography of the culture extracts yielded two new compounds (1 and 2) and eight known compounds (3-10). Their structures were determined using spectroscopic and chemical methods. Compound 1 was a new analog of the known compound (3) with an isobenzofuranone skeleton. The absolute configuration of the chiral center in 1 was established by comparison of its ECD and specific rotation values with those for a known analogue. Compound 2 is a polyketide-amino acid hybrid. Comprehensive Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis indicated that 2 consisted of two substructures:5-methyl-6-oxo-2,4-heptadienoic acid and isoleucinol. The absolute configuration of the isoleucinol moiety in 2 was determined to be D using Marfey's method. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for antifungal activities. Although the antifungal activity of the isolated compounds was not potent, co-treatment of compounds 7 and 8 with a clinically available amphotericin B (AmB) lowered the IC50 values of AmB by synergism against human pathogenic yeast.

Pediatric Resident Confidence in Assessing Neurological Cases: A Nationwide Survey

BackgroundA relative shortage of pediatric neurologists in proportion to estimated neurological disorders often results in general pediatricians evaluating and treating children with complex neurological conditions. Dedicated rotations in pediatric neurology are not mandated during medical school or pediatric residency. We evaluated the perceptions of a large cohort of pediatric residents and program directors (PDs) regarding child neurology training. MethodsUsing an online tool, surveys were sent to pediatric residents and pediatric and pediatric neurology PDs. ResultsResponse rates were 41% from pediatric residency programs, yielding 538 resident responses; 31% from pediatric PDs; and 62% from pediatric neurology PDs. Only 27% of the surveyed residents reported completing a neurology rotation during residency, 89% of whom expressed a subjective improvement in confidence with neurological assessments. Factors affecting comfort with eliciting a neurological history included exposure to a neurology rotation during residency, year of training, duration of neurology rotation in medical school, and inpatient exposure to neurological patients, whereas those associated with examination additionally included program size and postresidency plans. Overall, 80% of surveyed residents, 78% of pediatric PDs, and 96% of pediatric neurology PDs acknowledged the potential value of a mandatory pediatric neurology rotation during residency. ConclusionWe suggest that a mandatory pediatric neurology rotation will boost the confidence of current and future pediatric trainees in assessing common neurological conditions of childhood.

Postoperative hip center position is associated with gait symmetry in range of axial rotation in dysplasia patients after THA.

This study aimed to explore whether pre- or postoperative hip structures or surgical changes significantly influence hip range of motion (ROM) symmetry in patients with hip dysplasia during gait after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and provide possible surgical suggestions. Fourteen patients with unilateral hip dysplasia underwent computed tomography before and after surgery to create three-dimensional hip models. Pre- and postoperative acetabular and femoral orientations, hip rotation centers (HRC), and femoral lengths were measured. Bilateral hip ROM during level walking after THA was quantified using dual fluoroscopy. The ROM symmetry in flexion-extension, adduction-abduction, and axial rotation was calculated using the symmetry index (SI). The relationship between SI and the above anatomical parameters and demographic characteristics was tested using Pearson's correlation and linear regression. The average SI values for flexion-extension, adduction-abduction, and axial rotation during gait were -0.29, -0.30, and -0.10, respectively. Significant correlations were detected mainly in the postoperative HRC position. A distally placed HRC was associated with increased SI values for adduction-abduction (R = -0.47, p = 0.045), while a medially placed HRC was associated with decreased SI values for axial rotation (R = 0.63, p = 0.007). A regression analysis indicated that horizontal HRC positions significantly determined axial rotational symmetry (R2 = 0.40, p = 0.015). Normal axial rotation SI values were achieved with HRC between 17 mm medially and 16 mm laterally. Postoperative HRC position was significantly correlated with gait symmetry in the frontal and transverse planes in patients with unilateral hip dysplasia after THA. Surgical reconstruction of the HRC to between 17 mm medially and 16 mm laterally may contribute to gait symmetry.

Synthesis and characterisation of novel aromatic ester swallow-tailed cholesteric liquid crystal polymers

ABSTRACT In this paper, two novel aromatic ester swallow-tailed liquid crystal monomers M1 and M2 and a straight chain cholesteric liquid crystal monomer M3 were designed and synthesised. Two series of liquid crystal polymers, P1 series and P2 series, were graft-copolymerised with M and polymethylhydrosiloxane (PHMS). All the synthesised liquid crystal monomers and polymers were characterised by IR and 1H NMR and confirmed to the predicted molecular structure. The liquid crystal and thermal properties of the synthesised compounds were tested by DSC, POM, TGA and optical rotation. The results show that the monomer M1 is a monotropic nematic liquid crystal, and the Schlieren texture appears during the cooling process. M2 is an enantiotropic nematic liquid crystal with filamentous and schlieren texture. M3 is a thermotropic enantiotropic cholesteric phase with oily streak and focal cone texture. Both polymers P1 and P2 show typical Grand-Jean texture, and with the increase of monomer M3 content, the polymer clearing point temperature Ti increases continuously, the liquid crystal mesophase range widens, and the specific rotation value increases.

Preparation of Optically Active Polyimides Based on 2,2´-diamino-1,1´-binaphthalene

Linear polyimides based on both of the 2,2´-diamino-1,1´-binaphthalene enantiomers and their racemic mixture were synthesized and characterized. A two-step synthetic route, consisting of the preparation of the polyimide precursor followed by its thermal imidization at temperatures not exceeding 200°C, was employed. The products were analyzed by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. All of the tested materials were nearly fully imidized after 25 h. The final polyimides possess high glass transition temperatures, are thermo-oxidatively stable and are soluble in common organic solvents as 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran and chloroform; additionally, those prepared from the enantiomers show optical activity. The values of specific optical rotations for the polymers were higher than those for the corresponding monomers. However, the directions of their optical rotations were identical. Due to their rather low molar masses, the final polyimides form brittle self-standing films. Thin layers of these products on porous polyimide substrates were made under forming composite membranes.

Research on flexural performance of glulam spliced joints connected by self-tapping screws in different arrangements

Tests were conducted to determine the flexural bearing capacities of glulam spliced joints connected by self-tapping screws (STSs) in five different configurations. The flexural performances and failure modes of these joints were analyzed and an extended finite element method was utilized to establish numerical models of the STS-connected glulam spliced joints while considering crack propagation. The simulation results were in excellent agreement with the test. Moreover, theoretical formulas for the flexural bearing capacity and a flexural stiffness model of STS-connected glulam spliced joints were developed. The research findings indicated that the vertical STSs were more effective in enhancing the bending capacity of the joints than the angled STSs in the vertical plane. Specifically, when using full 90° STSs, the bending capacity increased by 35.57% compared to when using full 60° STSs. The elastic rotational stiffness values of the joints were also improved by using a mixed-angle arrangement of STSs. Specifically, when utilizing a mixed arrangement of 90° and 60°, the elastic stiffness values increased by 33.44% and 63.20% compared to when using full 90° and full 60°, respectively. However, while using STSs in the horizontal plane at the vertical gap significantly enhanced the flexural bearing capacities of the spliced joints, it also led to a significant reduction in the ductility of the joints.

Chiral separation of sesquineolignans from the stems and leaves of Neoshirakia japonica

Twelve pairs of sesquineolignan enantiomers (1a/1b−6a/6b and 1c/1d−6c/6d), including twenty one undescribed and three known (2b, 3b, and 4b) sesquineolignans were isolated from an ethanol extract of the stems and leaves of Neoshirakia japonica (Euphorbiaceae). The successful separation of twelve pairs of enantiomers with mirror image-like electronic circular dichroism (ECD) curves and opposite specific rotation values, as one of the most important steps in compound isolation, was carried out by chiral HPLC columns. The absolute configurations of all undescribed sesquineolignans were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of their experimental ECD spectra. The effects of all the isolates on antineuroinflammatory and radical scavenging activity were evaluated. Compared with the positive control minocycline (IC50 = 1.2 μM), compounds 1a/1b/1c/1d−6a/6b/6c/6d with IC50 values being greater than 50 μM displayed almost no effect on the inhibition of NO production in LPS-induced BV-2 microglial cells. The results of DPPH-radical scavenging activity for them showed that compound 3c had moderate radical scavenging ability (EC50 = 48.47 μM), while the EC50 value of positive control vitamin C was 18.21 μM.

Are 4D Motion Sensors Valid and Reliable for Studying Baseball Pitching?

Background: Baseball pitching injuries are on the rise. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) provide immediate feedback to players and coaches, allowing for collection outside of the traditional laboratory setting with real-world application. The 4D Motion system provides kinematics throughout the pitching motion and may be beneficial for individualized programs in the throwing athlete. A systematic analysis of these sensors has not been completed. Purpose: To evaluate the validity of the 4D Motion IMU system for analyzing the baseball pitching motion compared with marker-based motion capture, and evaluate the internal reliability and consistency of the device. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Ten high school pitchers participated in this study (10 male; 9 right-hand dominant; mean age, 16.6 ± 1.3 years; mean body mass index, 24.1 ± 3.9). Participants were simultaneously outfitted with six 4D Motion IMU sensors and retroreflective markers. The pitchers threw fastballs at maximum effort off a mound at the standard height and distance. A comparison was made between the IMUs and corresponding motion capture values for shoulder external rotation, elbow flexion, chest extension, pelvis and chest rotation velocity, and rotation acceleration. Results: Significant differences were found for 5 of 7 metrics analyzed. The IMU overreported most metrics, except for elbow flexion and pelvis rotation angular acceleration, where both positive and negative errors were observed. The root mean square error and percentage errors indicated smaller discrepancies for chest extension (4°± 5°) and pelvis (38 ± 19 deg/s) and chest (96 ± 42 deg/s) rotation velocity, with elbow flexion having the largest variance (21°± 9°). Conclusion: The values of the 4D Motion IMU system should not be considered equivalent when compared with marker-based motion capture studies. The system lacked internal consistency and reliability, with angular velocities being the most consistent. Caution should be used when using the metrics provided by an IMU-based system for individualized monitoring. Clinical Relevance: If found valid and reliable, IMUs could be used for longitudinal workload monitoring, individualized throwing and rehabilitation programs, and ultimately injury prevention. This study demonstrates that the data obtained from a 4D Motion system using Gen 3 sensors are not equivalent to the data obtained from a marker-based motion capture system.

Gap Pattern in Valgus Knee: An Assessment with TKA Navigation

Background: Valgus knee is a challenge of ligament balance in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A lateral release is often recommended to achieve symmetric extension gaps in valgus deformity, due to the traditional requirements of tight lateral gap. However, the gap pattern valgus osteoarthritis knee has not been studied. Materials and Methods: The present study was a retrospective study on navigated TKA with 89 valgus osteoarthritis knees. The gap measurement, bone cut, and component rotation values were collected from navigation and the data were analyzed. Results: Only 6.70% of valgus knees in the present series had a narrower lateral flexion gap than medial flexion gap and 7.90% had narrower lateral extension gap than medial extension gap. Conversely, most of valgus cases were seen in bigger lateral flexion gaps than medial flexion gaps at 76.4%. This was consistent with the extension gap patterns of 80.9%. The degree of valgus deformity positively correlated with all gaps, except for flexion lateral gap. The present study demonstrated a mean external rotation of 2.25±2.09° in the femoral component rotation and the degree of valgus deformity had no significant correlation with femoral rotation. Conclusion: The lateral distal femoral condyle hypoplasia might have more important role in the extension gap than the ligament tension. The lateral ligament might influence the lateral flexion gap more than the lateral femoral condyle deficiency. Lateral structural release for correction of valgus deformity during extension could lead to instability in flexion especially for gap patterns with a lateral flexion gap that is wider than the medial flexion gap. Keywords: Valgus knee; Navigated TKA; Gap pattern

Nutritive value and net return of forage crop rotations in the central Great Plains

AbstractSustainable forage‐based rotations with greater forage nutritive values and efficient resource utilization are needed to increase forage availability in the central Great Plains. The objectives of the study were to quantify nutritive value and net return from individual crops and overall crop rotation sequence of winter triticale, forage sorghum, and spring oat. The study was conducted near Garden City, KS, from 2013–2020. There were six treatments in the study, that is, continuous sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (S‐S) no‐till (NT), triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus [Secale × Triticum])/sorghum‐sorghum‐oat (Avena sativa L.) (T/S‐S‐O) reduced till (RT) and NT, triticale/sorghum‐sorghum‐sorghum‐oat (T/S‐S‐S‐O) RT and NT, and triticale‐sorghum‐oat (T‐S‐O) NT. Crude protein concentration was 23%–31% greater for T‐S‐O and T/S‐S‐O compared with S‐S. The S‐S treatment had greater fiber content and least digestibility, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations compared with the remaining forage rotations. Annualized cost of production was 11%–32% greater for forage sorghum dominated NT systems (T/S‐S‐O, T/S‐S‐S‐O, S‐S [NT]) compared with T‐S‐O or T/S‐S‐S‐O (RT) rotation. T/S‐S‐S‐O (RT) was among the top in net return due to a combination of greater forage biomass production and forage nutrient value. The cost of production for forage sorghum and triticale were more economical compared to purchasing commercial feedstuffs. We concluded forage producers should consider productivity and market value, in addition to nutritive value and cost of production in selecting crops for a profitable forage‐based rotation system.