Value Of Wetlands Research Articles

Assessment of ecosystem services value in Linghekou wetland based on landscape change

Analyzing and evaluating ecosystem services value of coastal wetland can provide theoretical basis and technical support for ecological environment protection, local economic development and relevant policy formulation. Based on social economy characteristics and ecological environment factors, the ecosystem services value of the Linghekou wetland in 2019 was evaluated by the functional value approach and the equivalent factor approach, the results were 3.17 × 10 8 dollars and 1.87 × 10 8 dollars. By analyzing and comparing the results, the equivalence factor approach is more suitable for assessing the ecosystem services value of the Linghekou wetland. Equivalent factor approach was applied to evaluate ecosystem services value of the Linghekou wetland in 2005, 2009, 2015, 2019 for a better understanding of changes for ecosystem services value with respective value was 2.06 × 10 8 dollars, 2.12 × 10 8 dollars, 1.41 × 10 8 dollars and 1.87 × 10 8 dollars, overall tendency is upward then downward later, followed by a slow increase. Regulation services took the highest proportion among all functions, respective percentage was 35.92%, 35.85%, 34.04% and 34.76% in 2005, 2009, 2015 and 2019 with an average percentage was 35.14%, which is the leading function of the Linghekou wetland. • Investigated the landscape pattern evolution characteristics based on landscape area change and ecology index. • Compared and analyzed the assessment results by the functional value approach and the equivalent factor approach. • The dominant services function of Linghekou wetland is the regulation service.

Wise Management or Mismatch? Lessons from Japan

As a precious resource, wetlands support human life in various profound ways, either explicitly or implicitly. However, the values of wetlands have not been sufficiently recognized and greatly appreciated. Their management approaches are often sectoral, and wise use of wetlands is still more of a catchphrase than a well-used management practice. This paper presents a cross-sectoral case study for the evaluation of the primary management practices in a Ramsar-registered wetland in Japan. It employed a literature review, field and laboratory experiments, and a questionnaire survey as well for assessing the wetland conditions and identifying management problems. It revealed that the management of the wetland is still flood regulation–oriented, without sufficient consideration of bird habitats, and the water level drawdown operation for Lake Yanaka inside the wetland may lead to mass fish deaths. Furthermore, the reed burning practice is effective in maintaining the plant structure in the wetland but controversial from different perspectives. Moreover, the questionnaire survey results indicated that the public were not well informed of the wetland conditions and not convinced of the appropriateness of reed burning. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the registration under the Ramsar Convention did not lead to new strategies for the conservation and wise use of the wetland.

Air, land, and water variables associated with the first appearance and current spatial distribution of toxic Prymnesium parvum blooms in reservoirs of the Southern Great Plains, USA.

This study examined the association of air, land, and water variables with the first historical occurrence and current distribution of toxic Prymnesium parvum blooms in reservoirs of the Brazos River and Colorado River, Texas (USA). One impacted and one reference reservoir were selected per basin. Land cover and use variables were estimated for the whole watershed (WW) and a 0.5-km zone on either side of streams (near field, NF). Variables were expressed in annual values. Principal component and trend analyses were used to determine (1) differences in environmental conditions before and after the 2001 onset of toxic blooms in impacted reservoirs (study period, 1992-2017), and (2) traits that uniquely discriminate impacted from reference reservoirs (2001-2017). Of thirty-three variables examined, two positively aligned with the reoccurring appearance of blooms in impacted reservoirs (air CO2 and herbicide Glyphosate) and another two negatively aligned (insecticides Terbufos and Malathion). Glyphosate use was observed throughout the study period but a turning point for an upward trend occurred near the year of first bloom occurrence. While the relevance of the decreased use of insecticides is uncertain, prior experimental studies reported that increasing concentrations of air CO2 and water Glyphosate can enhance P. parvum growth. Consistent with prior findings, impacted reservoirs were of higher salinity than reference reservoirs. In addition, their watersheds had far lower wetland cover at NF and WW scales. The value of wetlands in reducing harmful algal bloom incidence by reducing nutrient inputs has been previously recognized, but wetlands can also capture pesticides. Therefore, a diminished wetland cover could magnify Glyphosate loads flowing into impacted reservoirs. These observations are consistent with a scenario where rising levels of air CO2 and Glyphosate use contributed to the establishment of P. parvum blooms in reservoirs of relatively high salinity and minimal wetland cover over their watersheds.

Evaluating the development and use of a rapid wetland assessment tool (ABWRET-A) in policy implementation in Alberta, Canada

The Alberta wetland policy aims to protect the most valuable wetlands and maintain wetland functions despite unavoidable wetland loss. The Alberta Wetland Rapid Evaluation Tool-Actual (ABWRET-A) was developed to quantify wetland functions in support of policy implementation. We evaluated > 200 wetlands used to calibrate ABWRET-A and > 2000 wetlands targeted for loss under the policy to understand potential biases in the system. We compared the functional value of wetlands targeted for loss to the pool of wetlands used to calibrate ABWRET-A and to the general population of wetlands in Alberta’s settled region. We evaluated ABWRET-A calibration and scoring and found that wetlands used in tool calibration were over 8 times larger (median size = 2.07 ha, n = 207 vs. 0.245 ha, n = 1,782,001), more permanently ponded and distributed approximately 2.5 times closer to roads (median distance = 162.1 m, n = 207 vs. 399.7 m, n = 1,782,001) than the general wetland population. Calibration wetlands also underrepresented bogs and overrepresented fens. This influenced scores, as larger wetlands and wetlands classified as fens receive higher ABWRET-A scores, whereas wetlands close to roads received lower scores. We conclude that scores may underestimate functional value. Wetlands targeted for permitted loss were larger (median size = 0.290 ha, n = 2087) and more road-proximate (median distance = 237.0 m, n = 2087) than the average wetland from the inventory. Crucially, permitted wetland loss is significantly clustered around major cities (using Getis-Ord Gi statistic; p < 0.01), implying permanent loss of wetland functions in peri-urban areas.

The Ecological Environment Art Design of Urban Wetland Park: Taking the Landscape Design of Muye Lake Park in Xinxiang City as an Example

As an important carrier of human production and life, the quality of the urban ecological environment has the most direct impact on the living conditions of the urban population. The prominence of urban problems has undoubtedly increased people’s desire and pursuit of natural ecology. As a complex with multiple functions and benefits, urban wetlands play a pivotal role in improving the ecological environment of the city. Therefore, this paper starts from the perspective of urban wetland parks and conducts in-depth research on the landscape design of this type of park, which is conducive to the improvement of park landscapes. From the perspective of expert cognition, the evaluation index system of landscape aesthetics of the wetland park around the city is established, the weight of each index is calculated, and then the AHP attribute hierarchy model method is used to construct the evaluation model. Combined with the expert scores of various indicators, we quantitatively evaluate the landscape aesthetics of three representative surrounding wetland parks and draw conclusions. Using the analytic hierarchy process comprehensive index method to calculate the landscape evaluation index layer data, the index score of wetland ecosystem is 84.51, the index layer of wetland landscape quality is 79.17, and the score of wetland aesthetic index layer is 76.97. Based on the analysis and evaluation results, it is concluded that the comprehensive evaluation score of Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City is 81.62, which is excellent in the evaluation of water network urban wetland park landscape. The quality of wetland landscape can give full play to the ecological value of wetland and reflect the beauty of wetland.

Soil carbon storage and its economic values of inland wetlands in Korea

Due to the importance of wetlands as a global carbon pool, explicit research on and management of the carbon storage of wetlands have drawn much attention. Within a single climatic zone, South Korea has various types of inland wetlands such as tidal salt marshes, freshwater lakes, rivers and peatlands, thereby providing an excellent platform for scientific investigation to identify patterns and key controlling factors of carbon budget in different inland wetlands. We estimated the amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) of 2444 inland wetlands in South Korea by cluster analysis and Monte-Carlo simulation using data from South Korea's National Wetland Inventory and their economic values by literature review. In addition, we identified key controlling factors that are closely related to SOC of 34 inland wetlands by correlation analysis and ANOVA test. We found that the total SOC stock of inland wetlands in South Korea is 16.3 ± 0.4 TgC (22.3 ± 0.6 kgC m−2), which is 5.3–5.5% of the total SOC stock of the country, and the annual carbon sequestration rate is 60.7 ± 9.8 gC m−2 yr−1. The economic value of the total SOC stock is 2.0 ± 0.1 billion USD (2.8 ± 0.1 USD m−2), and that of the annual sequestration rate is 5.5 ± 0.9 million USD yr−1 (7.5 ± 1.2 10−3 USD m−2 yr−1). The mean atmospheric temperature and soil characteristics including water content, total nitrogen and electrical conductivity showed positive correlations with SOC, suggesting the importance of hydrology and water chemistry as key determinants of SOC. In addition, inland wetlands with different dominant plant species showed significantly different SOC, probably because primary production and chemical composition of vegetation are strongly associated with carbon input into wetlands. However, annual precipitation and soil pH showed no correlation with SOC. Our results demonstrate that the carbon budget of inland wetlands in South Korea is considerable, and its economic value is closely related to characteristics of soil and vegetation.

The Economic Value of Wetlands in Urban Areas: The Benefits in a Developing Country

Urban growth has impacted natural ecosystems such as wetlands. This situation destabilizes the beneficial contributions of nature, generating a socioeconomic effect. There is a need to quantify the benefits of wetlands in developing countries and urban areas, where the growth of cities is fastest. This is the first valuation study of urban and peri-urban wetlands in Colombia. The methodology includes a benefit transfer (BT) method with a geographical information system (GIS) and an exploratory governance analysis. Because there are few studies on the economic valuation of urban wetlands in Latin America, we present a methodology of interest, which can be easily replicated in other cities of this subcontinent. Based on an economic approach, our results find that 76% of the total value of wetlands is provided by ecosystem services (ES) of existence and legacy value, followed by maintenance of the life cycle of migratory species and water supply. Urban areas are identified where users benefit more than areas where the population exerts greater pressure on wetlands. Weak governance is due to the disarticulation between regulation, land-use planning, and the social-ecological system. This research contributes to urban wetland management policies, as well as to sustainable solutions in cities.

Comprehensive Assessment of Meta-Analysis and Contingent Valuation Technique for Sustainable Management of Wetland of Middle Ganga Plain

Abstract In this study, the functions and threats of Suraha Tal Wetland are identified by the stated preference method and weightage is given according to their rank. The objective of the study is to determine the total economic value of Suraha Tal Wetland. The direct value can be drawn from the market price and from a survey of the stakeholders. Suraha Tal Wetland is also famous for the presence of the Jai Prakash Narayan Birds Sanctuary, which makes it a biodiversity-enriched area. The indirect value has been drawn from a review of the literature on Suraha Tal Wetland and the relevance of this literature is justified through the comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software. The total valuation of the wetland has been calculated. The paper concludes with suggestions for a few management strategies for better wetland management.

Evaluating the contribution of wetlands to food security and livelihoods improvement in the Savelugu Municipality, Ghana

The study was conducted on three wetlands and four fringe communities in the Savelugu Municipality in Ghana’s Northern Region. The study evaluated the importance of wetlands to food security and livelihoods in the Savelugu Municipality using primary and secondary data sources. The contingent valuation method was used to determine respondents’ value of wetlands, whereas Kendall’s Coefficient was used to identify the factors influencing the reliance or utilisation of wetlands. The study results showed that wetlands were critical resources in study communities and contributed to people's livelihoods and food security and determined the kinds of livelihoods that existed in these communities. Out of the 79% of respondents (that is, 237 out of 300 respondents) who considered their households to be food secured, 73% of them attributed their food secured households to their reliance and use of wetland resources. Fertile soil for agriculture and tree nursery development, fish for consumption and income generation from the sales of wetland related products were the key contributions of wetlands to respondents’ food security. Furthermore, the study established that despite the potential contributions of these ecosystems to the people’s overall development, the wetlands are yet to be accorded the needed recognition as valuable resources by policymakers at the community and district levels. The disregard of wetland ecosystems by authorities, and as a consequence, the lack of attention/clear-cut regulations on their use, lead to overexploitation and degradation. It was observed in Bunglung and Nabogu wetlands that siltation is adversely affecting the capacity of the wetlands to provide their functions and services. The situation requires the attention of the Savelugu Municipal Assembly to dredge the silted wetlands. Key among the factors influencing wetland dependence and utilisation were climate change, soil fertility of wetlands and household income levels. Inhabitants’ activities such as obsolete fishing tools and farming practices, channelisation and indiscriminate waste disposal were identified to be detrimental to the wetlands’ sustainability.

CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM AND CARBON CYCLING OF SEWAGE WASTE BY CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS

Wetlands, either constructed or natural, offer a cheaper and low-cost alternative technology for wastewater treatment. A constructed wetland system that is specifically engineered for water quality improvement as a primary purpose is termed as a ‘Constructed Wetland Treatment System’ (CWTS). In the past, many such systems were constructed to treat low volumes of wastewater loaded with easily degradable organic matter for isolated populations in urban areas. However, widespread demand for improve in water quality, and water reclamation and reuse, is currently the driving force for the implementation of CWTS all over the world. Recent concerns over wetland losses have generated a need for the creation of manmade wetlands, which are intended to emulate the functions and values of natural wetlands that have been destroyed. Natural characteristics are applied to CWTS with emergent macrophyte stands that duplicate the physical, chemical and biological processes of natural wetland systems. The number of CWTS in use has very much increased in the past 50 years. The use of constructed wetlands is gaining rapid interest. Most of these systems cater for tertiary treatment from towns and cities. They are larger in size, usually using surface-flow system to remove low concentration of nutrient (N and P) and suspended solids. However, in some countries, these constructed wetland treatment systems are usually used to provide secondary treatment of domestic sewage for village populations. These constructed wetland systems have been seen as an economically attractive, energy-efficient way of providing high standards of wastewater treatment.&#x0D; Typically, wetlands are constructed for one or more of four primary purposes: creation of habitat to compensate for natural wetlands converted for agriculture and urban development, water quality improvement, flood control, and production of food and fiber (constructed aquaculture wetlands). In present research the sewage water is treated by constructing Horizontal sub – surface flow constructed wetland, and reed grass is used as vegetation to treat waste and make the sewage waste water clean.

Wetlands, Flooding, and the Clean Water Act

In 2020 the Environmental Protection Agency narrowed the definition of “waters of the United States,” significantly limiting wetland protection under the Clean Water Act. Current policy debates center on the uncertainty around wetland benefits. We estimate the value of wet-lands for flood mitigation across the United States using detailed flood claims and land use data. We find the average hectare of wetland lost between 2001 and 2016 cost society $1,840 annually, and over $8,000 in developed areas. We document significant spatial heterogeneity in wetland benefits, with implications for flood insurance policy and the 50 percent of “isolated ” wetlands at risk of losing federal protection. (JEL K32, Q24, Q25, Q53, Q58)

Atmospheric River Storm Flooding Influences Tidal Marsh Elevation Building Processes

AbstractDisturbances are a key component of ecological processes in coastal ecosystems. Investigating factors that affect tidal marsh accretion and elevation change is important, largely due to accelerating sea‐level rise and the ecological and economic value of wetlands. Sediment accumulation rates, elevation change, and flooding were examined at five marshes along a riverine‐tidal gradient in the northern San Francisco Bay‐Delta, California, USA during an Atmospheric River storm event in 2017 using Surface Elevation Tables (SETs), feldspar marker horizons (MH), and continuous water‐level sensors. Our results showed that localized marsh flooding increased during the storm event, but not evenly across sites. Marsh surface elevation increased the most at the tidal freshwater marsh site in response to the storms, with an average surface elevation gain of 45.6 ± 13.1 mm, and the least at a tidal saline marsh with an average surface elevation gain of 4.0 ± 1.2 mm. A marsh located on the large embayment did not exhibit an immediate response to the storm but had a surface elevation gain of 21.5 ± 13.7 mm 6 months after the storm. During the storm period, marsh distance to the bay was the strongest predictor of elevation change, followed by SET‐MH elevations. Conversely, during non‐storm periods, SET‐MH elevation was a relatively strong predictor of elevation change. Atmospheric Rivers appear to be a major factor affecting short‐term spatial and temporal variability in flooding and sedimentation rates in tidal marsh systems. Incorporating information about storms into monitoring could increase our understanding of how episodic storms can impact marshes.

Studies on water quality and sustainable livelihood role of wetland, Maran Chaur, Darbhanga

Darbhanga district is reach in wetlands, which play a significant role in livelihood resources due to highly productive flora and fauna. Maran chaur is an important wetland in the Darbhanga district. This water body is not used for fisheries only, but makhana (Euryale ferox) and singhara (Trapa bispinosa) are also cultivated. The abundant water resource is used for irrigation and another purpose, thus provide the basis of livelihood for human beings. The main objective of the current study was to analyze water Physico-chemical parameters and highlight the value of wetlands and their products in sustaining livelihood in Darbhanga. The surveys were conducted on a micro-area approach for assessing wetland product-based economy and their role in sustaining livelihood. All the physico-chemical parameters were found within the permissible limit. The result of sample survey data analysis and empirical assessment becomes the basis of this study. The paper takes into account some important facets of Maran chaur, Darbhanga in relation to socio-economic sustainable regional development.

Coastal marshes provide valuable protection for coastal communities from storm-induced wave, flood, and structural loss in a changing climate

Wetlands such as tidal marshes and mangroves are known to buffer coastal communities from wave, flood, and structural loss during storms. Coastal communities and resource managers seek to understand the ecosystem service value of coastal wetlands for reducing storm-induced flood loss in a changing climate. A recent modeling study found that a tall and dense Phragmites-dominated Piermont Marsh reduced the flood loss in the Village of Piermont, New York, U.S.A. during Superstorm Sandy and the 1% annual chance flood and wave event by 8% and 11%, respectively. Here we used the same modeling approach to examine the marsh’s buffering capacity in a changing climate (from 2020 to 2100), considering a potential marsh restoration plan (from 2020 to 2025) and potential marsh loss due to sea-level rise. Results showed that from 2020 to 2100, the 1% annual chance flood, wave, and structural loss would increase due to sea-level rise, storms, and marsh loss. However, the marsh will buffer ~ 11–12% of structural loss until 2050. Under the extreme SLR scenario of 2.89 m and a low accretion rate, Piermont Marsh is expected to lose its buffering capacity by 2080–2100 but will retain some buffering capacity with a high accretion rate of 10 mm/year and marsh growth. The marsh’s buffering capacity will remain during extra-tropical storms during winter and spring unless the wind has a significant northerly component. Lessons learned from this study can be used by coastal communities and marsh managers to develop coastal resiliency and marsh restoration plan.

Reclamation and Ecological Service Value Evaluation of Coastal Wetlands Using Multispectral Satellite Imagery.

There are special locational value and natural resources in coastal wetlands. Studying their changes and evaluating their ecosystem service value (ESV) is beneficial for protecting the ecology of coastal wetlands and for maintaining sustainable human development. In this paper, the coastal wetland of Jiaozhou Bay is selected as the research area, an object-oriented method is used to extract shoreline and wetland information, and the coastal wetland reclamation process in Jiaozhou Bay is evaluated. The value equivalent method and market value method are used to evaluate the service value of wetland ecosystems from the perspective of ecological economics. The results show that the reclamation area of Jiaozhou Bay reached 75.2 km2 in 40 years, with nearly 23% of the bay area eroding. Reclamation engineering, estuary engineering, policy implementation and urbanization are the main factors affecting the changes in the Jiaozhou Bay wetland, and the main direction of wetland succession is natural wetlands→artificial wetlands→nonwetlands. Wetland reclamation in Jiaozhou Bay has led to the continuous extension of the coastline to the sea, especially during the 2005–2020 period, and the wetland area has declined in area by 116 km2. The changes in the wetland in the past 40 years have affected the changes in the ESV of Jiaozhou Bay, and there have been different synergistic/trade-off relationships in different periods. This research provides data to support the comprehensive ecological management of coastal areas, which is conducive to maximizing the utilization value of wetlands and promoting wetland protection.

Evaluation and analysis of ecosystem service value based on land use/cover change in Dongting Lake wetland

Wetland vegetation has experienced significant loss and degradation over the last few decades. Although volumes of studies involve wetlands, limited attention has been paid to the long-term changes and ecological values of inland lake wetlands in China. In this paper, land use/cover data of Dongting Lake wetland from 1995 to 2020 was generated based on Google Earth engine using Stacking algorithm. Subsequently, the spatial and temporal variation of wetland types was explored using dynamic analysis and correlation indices of land change. The main factors influencing the distribution of wetland vegetation were identified by Geodetector. Finally, the degree of impact of wetland changes on ecosystem service value was quantified based on the equivalence factor method. The results show that, in the past 25 years, wetland land use types had switched with each other more frequently, and a total of 294.94 km2 of wetland area had been lost, mainly due to the shrinkage of water, reeds and sedge. The main factors affecting wetland distribution are population density, GDP, elevation and sunshine duration, and the interaction of the drivers is mostly linearly enhanced with no weakening effect. In addition, the ecosystem service value of wetlands showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, with a total loss of ¥87,000.99 million in wetland ESV. The results of the study can provide basic information and data for the preliminary work of planning and design, and demonstrate the importance of ecosystems in different regions. Based on the assessment results, it can provide an important basis for the construction of ecological security patterns and policy formulation for ecological civilization construction.

Evaluating ecosystem services for agricultural wetlands: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Globally, the extent of inland wetlands has declined by approximately 70% since the start of the twentieth century, resulting in the loss of important wetland-associated ecosystem services. We evaluate the drivers of wetland values in agricultural landscapes to increase the effectiveness and reliability of benefit transfer tools to assign values to local wetland services. We reviewed 668 studies that analyzed wetland ecosystem services within agricultural environments and identified 45 studies across 22 countries that provided sufficient economic information to be included in a quantitative meta-analysis. We developed meta-regression models to represent provisioning and regulating wetland ecosystem services and identify the main drivers of these ecosystem service categories. Provisioning wetland ecosystem service values were best explained (direction of effects in parenthesis) by high-income variable (+), peer-reviewed journal publications (+), agricultural total factor productivity index (−) and population density (+), while agricultural total factor productivity index (−), income level ( +) and wetland area (−) had significant effects on regulating wetland ecosystem service values. Our models can help estimate wetland values more reliably across similar regions because they have significantly lower transfer errors (66 and 185% absolute percentage error for the provisioning and regulating models, respectively) than the errors from unit value transfers. Model predicted wetland values ($/Ha/Year) range from $0.62 to $11,216 for regulating services and $0.95 to $2,122 for provisioning services and vary based on the differences in the levels of the variables (in the wetland locations) that best explained the estimated models.

Valuing wetland conservation: A contingent valuation analysis among Iranian beneficiaries

Wetland ecosystems conservation is a critical environmental policy and practice challenge. Though policy protection mechanisms ostensibly establish a commitment to long-term protection, the level and types of wetland threats are growing. Management of sustainable wetland resources requires community commitments to protection amongst predominantly rural stakeholders that draw upon wetland ecosystem services for their livelihoods and is vital to forming a policy strategy. This empirical study uses contingent valuation methodology with rural residents around four key wetlands areas in the ecologically fragile Khuzestan province in Iran. We find that 65% of the residents are willing to pay an amount of personal income to protect wetland ecosystems. The estimated Logit model with 84% prediction accuracy showed the variables of education and job relationship with the wetland had a positive effect on the probability of price acceptance, and the variables of living costs and marital status had a negative effect on the probability of price acceptance. In total, the conservation value of wetlands is estimated at 103351.52 USD. Finally, we assess the policy-relevance of our findings towards community windfall payments, tax disbursements, community resource management schemes, public participation, and social outreach programs to improve social learning buy-in to long-term conservation practices.

Nutrient Retention and Release in Eroding Chesapeake Bay Tidal Wetlands

AbstractThe worldwide loss of coastal wetlands has traditionally been addressed as the loss of ongoing nutrient retention ecosystem services. However, nutrient remineralization from eroded particles may further exacerbate water quality degradation. Using data on nutrient burial and denitrification from northern Chesapeake Bay, along with estimates of the bioavailability of eroded marsh particulates, the changing role of wetlands as an important sink for nutrients is examined. Although the erosion of wetlands results in the reintroduction of nitrogen and phosphorus into open‐water habitats, the potential for exacerbating eutrophication is highly diminished by the low lability of wetland organic matter. The impact of such erosion on the cycling of Fe‐bound phosphorus from marsh soils is highly dependent on both the amount of inorganic P, its solid phase association with Fe, and its potential remobilization from the estuarine sediments into which it is deposited. Although nutrient sequestration in newly constructed wetlands built from dredged materials suggested a rapid development of nutrient sequestration, a better understanding of nutrient ecosystem services provided by marshes created by transgression into uplands is necessary for understanding the long‐term nutrient retention value of coastal wetlands.

Methane emissions only negligibly reduce the ecosystem service value of wetlands and rice paddies in the mature Ganges Delta.

Wetland provides a wide range of ecosystem services with immense value. However, methane (CH4) emissions adversely affect ecosystem services, and it requires fixation cost. The objective of the present study was to estimate CH4 emissions and ecosystem services value (ESV) and how much the fixation cost of CH4 reduces the ESV. Since rice cultivation is a very common practice here, the paddy fields were also incorporated in this study. CH4 flux and satellite data were employed for estimating the emissions with the help of two-factor (temperature and water availability) model. Global coefficients of ecosystem service value (ESV) that is defined as the monetary valuation of materialistic and non-materialistic services were adapted for estimating the ecosystem service of the CH4 emitting sources. Results show that during the boro season (pre-monsoon summer paddy cultivation season), average monthly emissions of paddy fields are equal to the wetlands which are 0.16 t/km2. During amon season (monsoon paddy cultivation season), this emissions is 0.7 t/km2 and 0.53 t/km2, respectively, from wetlands and paddy fields. Both wetlands and paddy fields emit a greater amount of CH4 during amon season than boro season. Behind this seasonal variation, water availability in terms of precipitation-evaporation ratio plays a more vital role than temperature. Total estimated ESV is 928.51 million US$, and CH4 fixation cost is 6.64 million US$ which is only 0.71% to total ESV. So, considering such huge net ESV, emphasis on wetland conservation and restoration are necessary.