SGPT Values Research Articles

Effects of Black Turmeric Ethanol Extract (Curcuma Caesia Roxb) on Blood Glucose Levels, SGOT, SGPT, Histopathology Pancreas: A Preliminary Study

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition that causes hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. It can be caused by insulin deficiency, impaired insulin effectiveness, or both. Treatment of diabetes mellitus is long-term and certainly has unwanted side effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of black turmeric extract on blood glucose, SGOT, SGPT values and pancreatic beta cell histopathology. This study used a Randomized Control Group Design on 30 white rats by giving a high-fat diet and induced streptozotocin 35 mg/kgbw intraperitoneally. Experimental animals were divided into 6 treatment groups, namely negative control, positive control, black turmeric extract doses of 250 mg/kgbw, 500 mg/kgbw, and 750 mg/kgbw. Assessment of the decrease in blood glucose levels is seen from the percentage of blood sugar reduction for 21 days, the value of SGOT, SGPT and histopathology of pancreatic beta cells. Data were analyzed using ANOVA test to see differences between groups. Based on the results obtained, that there is a significant difference in the administration of 750 mg/kgbw dose extract reduces blood sugar levels best by 57.71% compared to the negative control group where there is an increase in blood sugar by 9.94%. Based on the value of SGOT and SGPT levels, it was found that the 750 mg/kgbw dose of extract gave the best value compared to other treatment groups. Based on the parameters of the histopathological picture of pancreatic beta cells, it was found that the administration of black turmeric extract at a dose of 250 mg/kgbw experienced the mildest degeneration compared to other treatment groups. Ethanol extract of black turmeric (Curcuma caesia Roxb) is able to reduce blood sugar levels, SGOT, SGPT values and repair damage to pancreatic beta cells.

Semi-commercial scale fermentation of prawn waste by Exiguobacterium sp. GM010 for bioactive pigment production: Safety and efficacy assessment in Wistar rats

Pigment producing Exiguobacterium sp. GM010 demonstrates utilization of prawn carapace hydrolysate. Accordingly, our investigation was focused to produce cost effective bioactive pigment in 15 L semi-commercial scale. Further acute and subacute toxicities were evaluated as per OECD guidelines for application as nutraceutical. The biomass and pigment extract yield were 28.76 ± 1.78 and 0.82 ± 0.04 g/L, respectively, at 1.5 L of aeration. The UV–visible spectrum of pigment showed absorption peaks at 357, 466, and 491 nm indicating carotenoid like pigment. This was correlated with colour distribution in yellowish-orange region of CIE Lab spectrum. The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pigment were similar between lab-scale and bioreactor production. The acute toxic dose (2000 mg/kg bw) exhibited the toxicity as determined by haematological analysis. While subacute toxic dose (250, 500, 1000 mg/kg bw) demonstrated no adverse effects on parameters such as food intake, body weight gain, vital organ weight, haematological and histopathological examination. Serum biochemistry results showed significant increase in HDL and decrease in SGPT values in treated groups compared to control. The results revealed that, Exiguobacterium sp. GM010 has efficiently utilised prawn waste to produce bioactive pigment. The dose of Exiguobacterium sp. GM010 pigment lower than 1000 mg/kg bw can be regarded as safe.

SGPT and SGOT analysis in the wistar rats force feeding white turmeric (Curcuma mangga Val.)

Rhizome plants, such as white turmeric, are trusted by people to improve body immunity. Steam blanching is a preliminary treatment using water steam. This study aims to determine the effect of steam blanching on antioxidation properties, SGPT, and SGOT levels of white turmeric. This study was conducted with several variations, namely the type of white turmeric rhizomes (main and branch) and steam blanching time (0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; and 10 minutes). Analysis of the antioxidant properties of white turmeric includes the antioxidant activity of the FRAP method, flavonoid levels, and tannins. White turmeric powder is also analyzed SGPT and SGOT in vivo on Wistar rats infected with Staphylococcus aureus. The data obtained were tested by statistics using ANOVA, and if there was a significant difference, the Duncan Multiple Range Test was carried out. The results of the selected white turmeric (main rhizome with a 5-minute steam blanching time) antioxidation properties are the antioxidant activity of the FRAP method, which is 8.12 mg Ferro E/g, Flavonoid levels 2.84 mg QE/g, and Tannin 0.19 mg CE/g. The results showed that Wistar rats given white turmeric had the value of SGPT 22.17 U/I, and SGOT 38.60 U/I approached the normal rats with SGPT 18.61 U/I and SGOT 38.19 U/I. This study concludes that white turmeric can reduce levels of SGPT and SGOT rats.

Subchronic Toxicity of Salak Seed Extract (Salacca Zalacca) on Liver Function in White Mice


 Salak seeds (Salacca zalacca) contain several secondary metabolites like as 0.059% flavonoids, 0.082% tannins and 0.063% alkaloids. Salak is a potential plant as a medicinal ingredient, so it is necessary to conduct a drug safety study. Subchronic toxicity test needs to be done in traditional drug therapy because it is given continuously. This study objective was to examine the subchronic toxicity of salak seed extract on liver function in male Swiss strain mice.
 
 
 This type of research is an experimental study with a completely randomized design with a one-way pattern with one treatment factor. There are four treatment groups with a total of 7 mice replications. Variations in the dose of salak seed extract administration were 91 mg/20 gBW of mice, 114 mg/20 gBW of mice, and 137 mg/20 gBW of mice. The toxicity test were SGPT and SGOT values on days 0 and 14. The data tested with one-way ANOVA followed by a t-test.
 
 
 The Salak Seed Extract (EBS) is a viscous extract with a dark brown colour, a distinctive smell of salak, and a chelate taste. The amount of the extraction result was 12.26%. Positive EBS contains flavonoids with a reddish-orange colour. The treatment of Salak Seed Extract ( 91 mg/20 g BW and 137 mg/20 g BW) was not increased significantly the SGPT and SGOT levels for 14 days (p-value 0.896 and 0.072). Although the second dose (114 mg/20 g BW) was increased the SGPT and SGOT levels (p-value 0.002), this enhancement was less than twice

Effect of Pirdot Leaf Extract (Saurauia Vulcani Korth ) on SGPT and SGOT Value in Wistar Strain Rats Induced by Salmonella Typhimurium.

Typhoid fever is an acute disease caused by Salmonella typhimurium that can invade the liver and cause symptoms of hepatomegaly,jaundice.Biochemically, these symptoms can be assessed by seeing the SGPT and SGOT levels increase. Pirdot Leaf is an herbal plant found in the Toba area of North Sumatra which has a lot of bioactive potential,namely flavonoids,steroids, saponins. Flavonoids are active substances that can overcome the inflammatory process, it is expected that the administration of Pirdot leaf extract can reduce levels of SGOT and SGPT in mice induced Salmonella Typhimurium. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ethanol extract of pirdot leaves on SGPT and SGOT values in rat models induced by Salmonella typhimurium. Methods: This study used 32 samples divided into four groups namely: Normal group, Negative group, Positive group and Treatment group. Results: The results were obtained for normal control SGPT (27,85) negative control (37,80) positive control (27,30) and for Dick treatment (26,21). The results of the study for SGPT obtained normal control (73,18), negative control (120,23), positive control (92,89), and treatment control (78,68). Giving ethanol extract of pirdot leaves effect on reducing SGPT and SGOT levels in wistar strain mice induced Salmonella typhimurium.

Pengaruh Ekstrak Metanol Buah Lakum (Cayratia trifolia L. Domin) terhadap Nilai SGOT dan SGPT Tikus Putih Diinduksi Parasetamol

Lakum fruit (Cayratia trifolia L. (Domin)) has secondary metabolite compounds that are beneficial to health, one of which is a hepatoprotector. This study was conducted to prove the potential of hepatoprotective activity of lakum fruit methanol extract based on the value of SGPT and SGOT enzyme. The research method used a pre-posttest randomized control group design with a sample of 35 male rats divided into five treatment groups: solvent control group (CMC 0.5%); positive control group (HEPA-Q®); treatment group extract (0,575; 1,15; 1,725 mg/g BW). The treatment of induction of paracetamol and methanol extract of Cayratia trifolia fruit was carried out for 7 days respectively. The results showed that the dose of 1,15 mg/g BW of Cayratia trifolia fruit methanol extract had the most effective deterioration of SGOT and SGPT values with a percentage reduction of SGOT of 49.3% and SGPT of 51.8% (p <0.05) which approached control positive (HEPA-Q®). Based on the research conducted, methanol extract of Cayratia trifolia fruit has the potential to be hepatoprotective.

Distribution and Determinants of Suspected Adverse Events among COVID like Illness (CLI) Patients with Different Comorbidities

Background: Several drugs were administered to patients with COVID-19, focusing on their antiviral, immunomodulatory, or anti-inflammatory actions, which could potentially present risk since most of these medicines have the potential to cause numerous adverse effects. Objective: This study aimed to observe the incidence of suspected adverse events of selected medicines among COVID-like ill (CLI) patients. Methodology: A prospective analysis was performed from February 15, 2021, to June 15, 2021, upon 223 CLI patients. CLI patients were enrolled from the National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital. The incidence of suspected adverse events were assessed among CLI patients, the laboratory investigations values of SGPT, RBS, serum electrolytes, and serum creatinine of day one and day five and interpreted the 12-lead ECG tracing paper of the same days assessed hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and metabolic disorders. Results: The result showed the incidence of adverse events was 21.5% in CLI patients. Only the incidence of hepatotoxicity was more (12.55%) among CLI patients but statistically not significant (p > 0.05). In CLI patients who had co-morbidities, the incidence of adverse events was relatively less and only a significant difference was seen among diabetes mellitus patients (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that the rate of adverse events was present in CLI patients when treated with the same specific drug of interest in addition to other medicines they received. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2023;9(1):35-41

Incidence and haematobiochemical study of amphistomosis in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Mhow, Madhya Pradesh

In the present study, samples from 100 buffaloes of either sex were collected from slaughterhouse located at Cantonment Board Mhow for the detection of ruminal amphistomosis. Blood samples with or without anticoagulant were collected to study the haematobiochemical changes in buffaloes suffered from amphistomosis. Amphistomes were also collected for morphological identification of amphistome species in slaughtered animals. The prevalence of ruminal amphistomes was found to be 8%. The infected buffaloes in this study showed a reduction in the mean values of Hb, TEC and PCV. There was an increase in TLC and neutrophil count. Lymphocytes showed a slight decrease in their mean values and no significant changes were seen in values of basophil and eosinophil count. The infected buffaloes in this study showed a reduction in the mean values of total protein. The mean values of SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase showed an increment in the infected buffalo.

The Nursing Assessment of Work History in Agricultural Areas with Liver and Kidney Functions in Farmers

The demand to increase the productivity of agricultural products greatly drives the use of pesticides in agricultural areas. Uncontrolled use of pesticides by farmers and non-compliance with the use of personalprotective equipment leads to long-term poisoning that can affect liver and kidney function. However, the relationship between them is poor research. This study aimed to find the relationship between the history of work in agricultural areas with liver and kidney function in farmers. The design of this study was cross-sectional.Respondents for this survey were 36 persons, drawn by purposive sampling. For data, collection questionnaires and interviews are of work history in the agricultural area and observation of laboratory data in the medicalrecords of patients. Data analysis was bivariate analysis with linear regression with p-value <0.05. The normality test with the KolmogorovSmirnov test shows all variables are abnormal distributions (p>0.05). In the analysis with linear regression methods there is a correlation between many pesticides with the value of SGOT (p=0.001) and SGPT (p=0.034), use of PPE with a level of creatinine (p=0.019) and SGOT (p=0.008). Urea has a fairly weak relationship with a work history in the agricultural areas (R=0.157), creatinine has a moderate relationship (R=0.471), SGOT has a weak relationship (R=0.362), and SGPT has a weak relationship (R=0.320). Farmers' local knowledge and wisdom can assist in recognizing and early handling threats due to hazardous materials in the agricultural environment. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to minimize the risk of exposure to pesticides, including through the use of personal protective equipment.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SIDE EFFECTS OF TUBERCULOSIS DRUG USE AND SGOT/SGPT VALUE OF INTENSIVE PHASE PATIENTS

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium Tuberculosis which has a rod shape and is acid-resistant. The prolonged consumption of anti-tuberculosis drugs can cause serious side effects. Side effects from the consumption of anti-tuberculosis drugs, namely the risk of hepatotoxicity, which is marked by an increase in the SGOT / SGPT value. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the duration of use, dosage and side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs in tuberculosis patients, which had an effect on the SGOT / SGPT value at RSI Sultan Agung Semarang. This research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sample was 96 patients, and data collection was carried out in January-November 2020 at RSI Semarang. The instrument used in this study was patient medic record data. This study uses the Chi-Square test. The Chi-Square test results in 0.000 (p <0.05) so that it could be stated that there was a relationship between the use and side effects on the SGOT / SGPT value.

Evaluation of Remdesivir in Liver Functions Covid-19 Patients At Bhayangkara H.S Samsoeri Mertojoso Hospital Surabaya

Remdesivir is one of the effective anti-viral drugs used as a Covid-19 therapy at moderate, severe and critical degrees. Side effects that need to be considered in the use of remdesivir is hepatotoxicity. The active metabolite of remdesivir (GS-44152) is thought to play a role in mitochondrial damage in liver cells, inhibiting bile acid transport, and inducing oxidative stress. This study was conducted to evaluate the use of remdesivir associated with changes in liver function SGOT and SGPT. This study was retrospective observation of moderate, severe and critical COVID-19 patients receiving remdesivir with inclusion criteria of all inpatient medical records at Bhayangkara Hospital Surabaya for the period of August 2020-July 2021. The results showed that significant increase of liver enzymes occurred in SGPT (Pre 29 .50; Post 33.50) while in SGOT (Pre 33.00; Post 26.00), enzymes were significantly decreased. The decrease was greater in the SGPT (Pre 69.00; Post 47.00) and SGOT (Pre 56.00; Post 32.00) hepatoprotector groups. The use of remdesivir had no effect on liver function as indicated by an increase in SGPT value and a decrease in SGOT value, both of which were still in the normal range.

Hepatoprotector Effect of Banana Peel (Musa paradisiaca Sapientum) on Paracetamol Induced Rats

Background: Liver disease is generally still a high prevalence in Indonesia. One of drug-induced liver injury is paracetamol. Banana peel (Musa paradisiaca Sapientum) has flavonoid compounds that could increasing the production of glutathione enzymes in the liver. Objectives: This research aims to determine the activity of banana peel induced by paracetamol. This research is an experimental with pre and post test control group design method. Material and Methods: This research is an experimental with pre and post test control group design method. Group I was given 0.05% Na CMC as negative control, group II was given paracetamol 180 mg/kgBB as induction control group, group III was given banana peel extract at dose 700 mg / kgBB, group IV was given banana peel extract at dose 1400 mg/kgBB, and group V was given banana peel extract at dose 2100 mg/kgBW. Results: The liver damage can be measured by SGOT/SGPT serum levels of rats. SPSS data analysis with Paired sample T test obtained the value of p = 0.003 for SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and p = 0.000 for SGPT. Conclusions: Both SGOT and SGPT values have p <0.05 which indicates that banana peel (Musa paradisiaca Sapientum) methanol extract has hepatoprotector effect on paracetamol-induced rats.

Risk Factor Evaluation of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Lean Individual

Background : Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is epidemic around the world. Bangladesh is also experiencing an increasing trend of NAFLD. Obesity is a common clinical phenotype associated with NAFLD, which is linked to metabolic syndrome and related comorbidities, including type II diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Clearly, not all obese subjects develop NAFLD and NAFLD also can be found in non-obese patients. This subset of individuals, known to have ‘lean NAFLD’ or ‘non-obese NAFLD’, is growing increasingly prevalent. NAFLD in lean patients appears to be more common among Asians. So it is important to look for risk factors for NAFLD in lean patients for prevention of advanced liver disease. The objective of our study was to find out the risk factors of NAFLD in lean (Nonobese) individual.
 Materials and methods: It was prospective observational study done on 100 patients attending in the Gastroenterology Department and OPD of Chittagong Medical College Hospital after approval of Ethical and Review Committee of CMC and grant from DGHS. Total 100 patients having 18 to 65 years of age, were taken as study subjects who met inclusion criteria. Informed written consent was obtained from the patients or attendant after full explanation of the purpose of the study. Fasting Blood Glucose (FBS) Fasting lipid profile, SGPT, SGOT, Ultrasonography of hepatobiliary system and Fibrosan were done. All necessary data was included in the data collection sheet and was analyzed by Microsoft excel and SPSS-23.
 Results: 100 patients were included in this study. Mean age of this study with age was in between 18 years to 65 years.Male to female ratio was 3:1 in the studied population.The majority of the lean patient with NAFLD (31%) was in the age group 40-49 years. The majority of the lean patient with NAFLD (83%) was in normal BMI range 18.5-22.99 kg/m2 and 13% had BMI <18.50 kg/m. Out of 100patients diabetes and hypertension were found 22% and 17% of patients respectively. 22% and 17% patients. 65% and 37% patients had raised SGPT and SGOT respectively. Out of 100 subjects, 50% had raised triglyceride level (50%) and 18% had raised LDL cholesterol (18%) level.According to Ultrasonography findings 68% were in Grade I, 11% in Grade II and only 1 patient was in Grade III fatty liver. Fibroscan of 100 subjects, Significant fibrosis ( ³2 F) was observed in 9%, while advanced fibrosis (F4) was seen in 4% of patients. As per steatosis score 36% was in S2 and 34% were in S3 grade. Median fibrosis score and steatosis score was significantly higher in patients with high SGPT compared to patients with normal SGPT (p <0.005) whereas median fibrosis score and steatosis score was higher in patients with high SGOT compared to patients with normal SGOT, but only the difference in steatosis score reached statistical significance (p<.042). AUC of SGPT for discriminating fibrosis grade F0-F1 from Grade F2-F4 was 0.565 (95% CI: 0.404-0.726, p=0.519). AUC of SGOT for discriminating fibrosis grade F0-F1 from Grade F2-F4 was 0.573 (95% CI: 0.342-0.803, p=0.474). This indicated that there was no significant role of SGPT or SGOT values for prediction of significant fibrosis ( ³2F).AUC of SGPT for discriminating steatosis grade S0-S2 from Grade S3-S4 was 0.565 (95% CI: 0.404-0.726; p=0.519). AUC of SGOT for discriminating steatosis grade S0-S2 from Grade S3-S4 was 0.573 (95% CI: 0.342-0.803, p=0.474). This indicated that both SGPT and SGOT had significant role for prediction of significant steatosis ( ³3S).Higher age (p <0.028) and female sex (p<0.013) were revealed as independent predictive factors for significant fibrosis ( ³F2) in non-obese NAFLD patients on performing multivariate binary logistic regression.
 Conclusion Lean NAFLD is now frequently recognized in day-to-day clinical practice, however, the data on epidemiology, risk factors, physiopathology, distinctive histologic changes, natural history and treatment of this entity are still scanty. From a biological point of view, lean NAFLD be haves much like obese NAFLD. Our study may help to find out risk factors in nonobese NAFLD which may help prevention of advance liver disease by early intervention.
 JCMCTA 2022 ; 33 (1) : 56-65

Clinical profile of atypical manifestations of dengue fever in children

Objectives: The objective of the study is to study the clinical profile and outcome of atypical manifestations of dengue fever in children. Methods: A case series study design was conducted in S.Nijalingappa Medical College & H.S.K Hospital, Bagalkot. A detailed history was compiled, as well as the current complaints. The study subjects clinical progress was tracked until they were discharged. In all of the cases, basic tests such as a full Haemogram, Dengue serology and Daily Platelet count and Hematocrit were performed. Other tests such as LFT, USG Abdomen, Chest X-ray, ECG, 2D-ECHO and MRI brain are performed as needed in cases of Severe Dengue / Atypical symptoms. Results: The study covered 100 instances, with males accounting for 52 percent and females for 48 percent. Dengue fever, dengue fever without warning signs, and severe dengue were found in 29 percent, 43 percent, and 28 percent of the cases, respectively, in this study. Atypical signs were seen in more than half of the cases (59%) out of 100. We had 8 cases of severe dengue with SGPT/SGOT above 1000 IU in our study and two of them had Fulminant Hepatic Failure with the highest SGPT value of 6500 IU.

Anti-Dislipidemia Effectiveness Test of Turmeric Ethanol Extract (Curcuma Longa) in Male Wistar Mice Given a High-Fat Diet

Dyslipidemia is a condition of increasing levels of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol in the blood, or triglycerides in the blood that can be accompanied by a decrease in levels of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Herbal products have been used since long ago in the medical world, one of which is curcuma longa root. The main compound of turmeric is curcumin which can lower cholesterol levels due to inhibiting cholesterol reabsorbtion from the outside and increase the enzyme HmgCoA reductase inhibitor so that fat synthesis can run properly. The purpose of this study was to find out the effectiveness of turmeric ethanol extract (Curcuma Longa) as an anti-dyslipidemia in male wistar rats given a high-fat diet. This experimental study with the pre-test and post-test group only control design approach was conducted in January 2021, at the Herbarium Medanese FMIPA USU. The size of the sample was calculated by Federer's formula, with at least 4 mice in each treatment group. The results and conclusions of turmeric ethanol (Curcuma Longa) III (150.20 ± 0.90 mg/dl) significantly decreased total cholesterol compared to the control group (177.50 ± 6.02mg/dl) (P value < 0.05). Turmeric ethanol extract (Curcuma Longa) III (110.00 (109-112) mg/dl) may significantly lower triglyceride levels compared to the control group (166.50 (160-175) mg/dl), (value P = 0.024). Turmeric ethanol extract (Curcuma Longa) III (66.50 ± 1.25 mg/dl) significantly lowered LDL levels compared to the control group (106.20 ± 3.50 mg/dl), (P value < 0.05). Turmeric ethanol extract (Curcuma Longa) III, (60.00 (59-61) mg/dl) can significantly increase HDL levels compared to the control group (27.00 (33-39) mg/dl), (Value P = 0.024). Turmeric ethanol extract (Curcuma Longa) III significantly lowered SGOT (Value = 0.024) and SGPT (Value P < 0.05) compared to the control group.

Hepatoprotective Activity of Pirdot Leaves (Saurauia vulcani Korth) Ethanol Extract in Laboratory Rats (Rattus norvegicus) and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds Using a Molecular Docking Approach

AIM: The hepatoprotective activities of bioactive compounds Pirdot were investigated in vivo and in silico.
 METHODS: In this study, the completely randomized design non-factorial was experimentally to assess the value of SGPT and SGOT and twenty four adult male rats were divided into four groups : group G0, control group; group G1, a treated group received 0.1 ml sheep red blood cell; group G2, a treated group received 500 mg ethanol extract Pirdot; group G3, a group treated received 500 mg ethanol extract Pirdot and 0,1 ml sheep red blood cell. On thirty one days of treatment, the blood of all rats group were taken to value SGPT and SGOT using DiaLab kit. Furthermore, the molecular docking study was done to analyse molecular interaction that COX-2 and TNF-α were the primary target protein of bioactive compounds of Pirdot associated with hepatoprotective activities. In addition, it tends to be the target of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Ibuprofen.
 RESULTS: The results show SGOT and SGPT value significantly [p<0.05] decreased on Group G2 and G3. Moreover, the bioactive compounds of Pirdot, such as Pomolic acid and Ursolic acid tend to be the potential compound on liver protection. Moreover, Pomolic acid has a good binding affinity -14.6 kcal mol-1 with COX-2 Protein and the binding affinity of cis-3-O-p-hydroxycinnamoyl Ursolic acid was -15.1 kcal mol-1 associated with TNF-α Protein.
 CONLUSION: Pirdot Leaves (Saurauia vulcani Korth.) Ethanol Extract showed Hepatoprotective activity in rats (Rattus norvegicus). Molecular docking approach showed that pomolic acid has a good binding affinity with COX-2 Protein and TNF-α Protein.

Anti-Dislipidemia Effectiveness Test of Turmeric Ethanol Extract (Curcuma Longa) in Male Wistar Mice Given Propylthiouracil (PTU)

Dyslipidemia is a lipid metabolic disorder that is a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). According to the American Heart Association, data from 2013 to 2016, as many as 92.8 million adults in America have total cholesterol of more than 200 mg / dL. Curcumin, the main compound in turmeric, can lower cholesterol levels due to inhibiting the reabsorption of cholesterol derived from the outside (exogenous) and increasing the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor so that fat synthesis can run well. The purpose of this study was to find out the effectiveness of mangosteen peel ethanol extract as an anti-dyslipidemia in male Wistar rats given Propylthiouracil (PTU). This study is an experimental study with a Pre-test and Post-test group only control design approach that uses male Wistar rats as test animals and turmeric extract. The study was conducted in March 2021, at the Herbarium Medanese FMIPA USU, the Pharmacognosy Laboratory of the FACULTY of Pharmacy USU, and the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology USU. Descriptive data analysis (Central tendency and Dyspersi) in the form of lipid profiles (LDL, HDL, Total Cholesterol, and Triglycerides), color, texture, weights. Then analyzed with One-Way Anova if the distributed data is normal, if the distributed data is not normal, then the Kruskal-Wallis test is used. The results and conclusions, turmeric ethanol extract (Curcuma Longa) III (151.70 ± 0.95 mg/dl) can significantly decrease total cholesterol compared to the control group (178.50 ± 6.05mg/dl) (P-value < 0.05). Turmeric ethanol extract (Curcuma Longa) III (110.00 ± (109-112) mg/dl) may significantly lower triglyceride levels compared to the control group (167.00 (162-179) mg/dl). (Value P = 0.027). Turmeric ethanol extract (Curcuma Longa) III (68.50 ± 1.28 mg/dl) significantly lowered LDL levels compared to the control group (107.20 ± 3.60 mg/dl). (P-value < 0.05). Turmeric ethanol extract (Curcuma Longa) III, (61.00 (60-62) mg/dl) may significantly increase HDL levels compared to the control group (28.50 (37-45) mg/dl). (Value P = 0.027). Turmeric ethanol extract (Curcuma Longa) III significantly lowered SGOT (Value = 0.027) and SGPT (Value P < 0.05) compared to the control group.

STUDY OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF STINGLESS BEE PROPOLIS AGAINTS TOXICITY OF DRUGS

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of stingless bee propolis supplementation as a hepatoprotector on the prevention of DILI and the effect of healing and restoring nutrition for DILI patients due to drug induction.
 Methods: The literature review starts from problem identification, library data collection, reading, taking notes, analyzing, and processing the data obtained and then compiling it into a systematic review
 Results: The results of a literature study conducted show that propolis has a good hepatoprotective ability against drugs that cause DILI cases such as the anti-tuberculosis, antibiotic and antipyretic groups as indicated by the SGPT, SGOT, BT, GSH, and SOD values that are close to normal values. In addition, propolis supplementation can accelerate the healing and restoration of the nutritional status of DILI patients. All active compounds contained in propolis such as phytochemicals and lipopolysaccharides work to protect the liver from the toxic effects of DILI through antioxidant mechanisms.
 Conclusion: Overall, the data from this literature study show that the hepatoprotective activity of propolis has the potential to complement drug therapy to reduce hepatotoxic effects and can conclusively beneficial to accelerate the restoration of nutritional status for DILI patients.

UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KAYU MANIS (Cinnamomum burmanii) PADA FUNGSI HATI TIKUS PUTIH (Mus musculus L.) BETINA

Cinnamon leaves (Cinnamomum burmanii) are plants that have many pharmacological effects including lowering blood sugar levels, inhibition of bacterial growth, antioxidants and mymetic insulin activity. However, acute toxicity testing has not been carried out on cinnamon leaves before. This study aims to determine the level of toxicity and effect of extract administration on SGOT, SGPT as well as changes in the histopathological form of the liver of test animals. This study used The Complete Randomized Design method with 5 treatment groups with na-CMC administration 0.5% as a negative control, P1 dose 250 mg/kgBB, P2 Dose 500 mg/kgBB, P3 dose 1000 mg/kgBB and P4 at a dose of 2000 mg/kgBB. Each treatment consists of 5 mice. The parameters observed in this study are SGPT, SGOT and histopathological examination of mice liver organs. The data was analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test with duncan's advanced test. The results showed that the administration of cinnamon leaf ethanol extract did not cause death in test animals so it was practically not toxic. SGPT and SGOT values in female white mice test animals showed statistically meaningful differences in SGPT and SGOT values (p<0.05) compared to negative controls. However, it is still in the normal range. The result of histopathological observations is that there is a change in hepatocytes of liver organs compared to negative control.

Clinical And Biochemical Outcomes Of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Background: SGLT-2 inhibitors are a group of oral medications that work independently of insulin working as anti-diabetics by enhancing the excretion of glucose. The purpose of our study was to assess the improvement in terms of HbA1c, weight, blood pressure and BMI and the hepatics and renal effect in terms of SGPT and Creatinine in patients already on three oral glucose lowering agents when SGLT-2 inhibitor was added to their medications. Methods: This retrospective, real world, single center study included 99 patients (mean age [Standard Deviation]: 53.8 [9.63] years) with poorly control type 2 diabetes. Data was recorded at three times, before the addition of SGLT-2 inhibitor and then at 3 and 6 month follow up after the drug had been added in patient’s medications. Physical parameters namely weight, BMI and blood pressure were recorded in the clinic while HbA1c, SGPT and Creatinine were checked by laboratory. Results: Improvement was seen in all parameters at both 3 and 6 month follow up interval. The reduction in HbA1c was statistically significant (P-value < 0.001) with (Mean Reduction [Standard Deviation)) 0.81[1.02] % at 3 months and 1.07[1.11] % at 6 months. Weight was also significantly reduced (P-value < 0.001) with (MR [SD]) 1.83[2.32] kg at 3 and 4.02[6.04] kg at 6 months. Statistically significant reduction (P-value < 0.001) in BMI was also seen with 0.69[0.95] kgm-2 at 3 months and 2.13[3.41] kgm-2 at 6 months of follow up. The systolic blood pressure showed significant reduction (P-value < 0.05) of 5.9[15.76] mmHg at 3 months and 6.37[18.33] mmHg at 6 months. The creatinine and SGPT values of the patient showed minimal variation over the course of these 6 months of follow up. Conclusion: Our study showed that SGPT-2 can be reliably used in patients in which diabetes is not being controlled by other glucose lowering agents and is safe for use in patients in which hepatic and renal function needs to be preserved. Keywords: SGLT-2 inhibitors, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Pakistan