Retention Values Research Articles

78 - Urodynamics predictive value of postoperative urinary retention after female stress urinary incontinence surgery

78 - Urodynamics predictive value of postoperative urinary retention after female stress urinary incontinence surgery

Characterizing lignin-containing microfibrillated cellulose based on water interactions, fibril properties, and imaging

Morphological characterization of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) is critically important to process control in production and product specification for trade and product development yet is extremely difficult. This study evaluated several indirect methods for relative comparison of the morphology of lignin-free and lignin-containing ((L)MFCs). The (L)MFCs studied were produced using a commercial grinder through different passes from a dry lap bleached kraft eucalyptus pulp, a virgin mixed (maple and birch) unbleached kraft hardwood pulp, and two virgin-unbleached kraft softwood (loblolly pine) pulps with one bleachable grade (low lignin content) and one liner grade (high lignin content). The (L)MFCs were indirectly characterized using techniques based on water interactions, i.e., water retention value (WRV) and fibril suspension stability, as well as fibril properties, i.e., cellulose crystallinity and fine content. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were also applied to directly visualize the (L)MFCs to provide some objective measure of the morphology of the (L)MFCs. The results indicate that most measures such as WRV, cellulose crystallinity, fine content cannot be used to compare (L)MFCs from different pulp fibers. Measures based on water interactions such as (L)MFC WRV and suspension stability appeared can provide some degree of indirect assessment. This study provided the utilities and limits of these indirect methods for relative comparison of the morphologies of (L)MFCs.

Defect regulation of Co2+ substituting V3+ in Na3V2(PO4)3 for superior sodium storage performance: Experimental and theoretical study

Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP), possessing stabilized framework and high voltage platform, has attracted extensive attentions in the field of energy storage. However, the low conductivity restricts its further development. Herein, a novel strategy of defect regulation by Co2+ substitution is proposed. Co2+ doping not only generates beneficial hole carries resulting from the p-type doping to accelerate the electronic conductivity, but also favors to expand the interplanar spacing in the internal bulk of NVP system to enhance the ionic transportation. Moreover, theoretical calculation indicates the beneficial Co2+ substitution modifies the electronic structure of NVP to reduce the band gap, as well as decline the energy barrier. Distinctively, the Co0.07-NVP/C composite delivers a high value of 114.4 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C, almost close to its theoretical value (117.6 mA h g−1). It submits a reversible capacity of 104.6 mA h g−1 at 1 C and keeps 100.1 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles with a retention value of 95.70%. Even at 10 C, it also can reveal a capacity of 101.6 mA h g−1 and remains 81.8 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT ON THE RETENTION OF MAXILLARY DENTURE BASE BY USING TWO DIFFERENT BORDER MOLDING TECHNIQUES AND TWO DIFFERENT MATERIALS- AN IN VIVO STUDY

Purpose: This study was undertaken to compare the retention between sectional border molding using low fusing greenstick compound and single step border molding using condensation silicone (putty) impression material in two stages- A. After final impression and B. With the temporary denture base. Materials & Methods: In this study evaluation of retentive values of sectional border molding (Group I) (custom impression trays border molded with green stick compound ) and single step border molding (Group II) ( border molding with condensation silicone (putty) impression material ). In both techniques definitive wash impression were made with light body condensation silicone and denture base with auto- polymerization resin. Results: Group 1B was significantly higher (mean- 2.176) than Group 1A (mean- 1.798) in test-1. The t-value (6.023) infers that there was significant difference between Group 1A and Group 1B (p =0.001). Group 2B was significantly higher (mean- 2.344) than Group 2A (mean-2.111) in test -2. The t-value (2.852) infers that there was significant difference between Group 2A and Group 2B (p=0.001). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this clinical study border molding using custom tray with low fusing green stick compound provided significant difference for retention as compared to condensation silicone at border moulding and denture base stage.

Influence of Denture Cleansers on the Retention Loss of Attachment Systems Retained Implant Overdenture.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different denture cleansing solutions (DCSs) on the retention of Locator and Locator R-Tx attachment systems of implant retained overdentures (IRO). Two part acrylic resin blocks were fabricated, upper part contained metal housing and plastic inserts and lower part contained implant analogs and abutments. Eighty pink plastic inserts (40/attachment, 10/solution) were immersed in Corega, Fittydent, sodium hypochlorite, and water for a time simulating upto 1-year of clinical usage. Acrylic blocks were held on a universal testing machine for a pull-out test to record the dislodgement force. Measurements were conducted after 6 months (T1) and 12 months (T2). One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test was used to analyze the results (α = 0.05). For both attachments, retention significantly decreased after immersion in different solutions at T2 (P < 0.001). Locator R-Tx attachment in NaOCl showed a significant decrease in retention compared with other solutions at T1. At T2, there was a significant decrease in retention for all DCS compared with water (P < 0.001). Locator R-TX showed higher retention values per solution compared to Locator attachment (P < 0.001). In terms of retention loss %, NaOCl recorded the highest (61.87%) loss, followed by Corega (55.54%) and Fittydent (43.13%), whereas water demonstrated the best retention (16.13%) in both groups. Locator R-TX has better retention with different DCS immersion. The loss of retention varied with different types of DCS and NaOCl recorded the highest retention loss. Therefore, denture cleanser selection must be guided by the type of IRO attachment.

An In-vitro Evaluation of Retention Force of All PEEK, All Zirconia and Zirconia-PEEK Telescopic Attachment for Mandibular Overdentures.

The objective of this study is to compare retention capacity of mandibular implant-supported overdenture with all zirconia, zirconia-PEEK, and all PEEK telescopic attachments. Sixty acrylic resin models of mandible were used. Telescopic attachment system was made up of all zirconia, all PEEK, and zirconia-PEEK. Evaluation of retention force was done using universal testing machine. Obtained data were statistically evaluated. Highest initial force value was obtained with zirconia-PEEK group. All PEEK and zirconia-PEEK groups showed significantly decreased final retention values in comparison to their initial values. Zirconia can be regarded as the material of choice for telescopic crown, whereas polyetheretherketone and zirconia-PEEK telescopic crowns showed retention loss over a period of time.

Looking Employee Retention through the Lens of Employer Branding

The study intends to investigate the interplay between Organizational Branding and Employee Retention in Commercial Banks. Data for the study was collected through simple random sampling technique from 209 employees of commercial bank on five points likert scale through a self administrative questionnaire. Among 209 questionnaires distributed 198 questionnaires were filled completely and remaining was incomplete having response rate95 percent. Descriptive and casual comparative research design was used to conduct the research study using the Mean, Standard deviation, Correlation and Regression approaches. The findings revealed that standardized beta coefficients of that Social Value, Development Value, Work-life Balance and Economic Value is on higher side which implies that employee retention is more influenced by these factors. Development value is a necessary and crucial value for retention of employees. Manager’s should prioritize recognition and appreciation among the employees for better performance and retention. Likewise, manager’s should focus more on establishing healthy relationship among supervisors and subordinates for encouraging all employees. Moreover, today’s workers expects balance between work and personal life, thus employers should provide flexible work culture in favor of employees to motivate and retain them successfully, Furthermore, employers should formulate policies of paying competitive pay and benefits for employee motivation and retention. Two new variables i.e. Work life Balance and Management Value have been added under the roof of Employer Branding to test its effect on Employee Retention.

Effects of Dietary Protein Content and Using Sugar Beet Pulp or Benzoic Acid Supplementations on the Nitrogen Excretion of Fattening Pigs and its Composition

In this trial, the effects of different nutritional treatments on the N balance parameters of fattening pigs in the 55–65 kg live weight category were evaluated. The following diets were used: control diet (C) and low-protein (LP) diet with 2% crude protein reduction, with and without 10% sugar beet pulp (S) or 0.5% benzoic acid supplementation. Six pigs per treatment with similar live weight were used, and in the context of the balance trial, the daily N intake, fecal and urinary N excretion and the pH of urine were measured. From the data N digestibility, the TAN % and N retention were calculated. Feeding LP diets reduced the fecal, urinary and total N excretion and also the pH of urine significantly compared with the control diet. Sugar beet pulp significantly increased the fecal N excretion and urinary pH, and it also reduced significantly N digestibility and the TAN ratio. Benzoic acid failed to reduce urinary pH. The measured N excretion, retention and TAN excretion values were more favorable than those that can be found in the different guidelines or those used in the Hungarian ammonia emission inventory.

Hornification in commercial chemical pulps: Dependence on water removal and hornification mechanisms

Understanding cellulose hornification provides crucial information regarding drying of pulp, paper, and other cellulosic materials as well as recycling them. By measuring drainage, fiber width, and water retention value of hardwood and softwood pulps before and after sheet forming and after different drying procedures at different achieved levels of solids, the hornification was evaluated. The water retention value was also measured for the pulps when dried from acetone to observe what happens when hydrogen bonds are not available in the liquid phase. The drainage and fiber width decreased with increasing solids content; the fibers became increasingly stiff with increased water removal. Water retention measurements indicated that hornification is a stepwise process with large drops in fiber flexibility as soon as the fibers are being processed and later after a certain amount of water has been removed. In sum, the fibers must achieve a certain solids content to show hornification, and hydrogen bonds in water draw the cellulose surfaces together to create hornification. The mechanism of hornification is believed to be driven by hydrogen bonds and related to the distance between cellulose chains inside the fiber wall. Other types of bonds are probably also present and help with the irreversibility of hornification.

Investigation of Different Pre-Treatment Techniques and 3D Printed Turbulence Promoter to Mitigate Membrane Fouling in Dairy Wastewater Module.

This study investigates the enhancement of dairy wastewater treatment using chemical and physical pre-treatments coupled with membrane separation techniques to reduce membrane fouling. Two mathematical models, namely the Hermia and resistance-in-series module, were utilized to comprehend the mechanisms of ultrafiltration (UF) membrane fouling. The predominant fouling mechanism was identified by fitting experimental data into four models. The study calculated and compared permeate flux, membrane rejection, and membrane reversible and irreversible resistance values. The gas formation was also evaluated as a post-treatment. The results showed that the pre-treatments improved UF efficiency for flux, retention, and resistance values compared to the control. Chemical pre-treatment was identified as the most effective approach to improve filtration efficiency. Physical treatments after microfiltration (MF) and UF showed better fluxes, retention, and resistance results than ultrasonic pre-treatment followed by UF. The efficacy of a three-dimensionally printed (3DP) turbulence promoter was also examined to mitigate membrane fouling. The integration of the 3DP turbulence promoter enhanced hydrodynamic conditions and increased the shear rate on the membrane surface, shortening filtration time and increasing permeate flux values. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing dairy wastewater treatment and membrane separation techniques, which can have significant implications for sustainable water resource management. The present outcomes clearly recommend the application of hybrid pre-, main- and post-treatments coupled with module-integrated turbulence promoters in dairy wastewater ultrafiltration membrane modules to increase membrane separation efficiencies.

A novel clean bio-pulping process for rice straw based on aerobic fermentation coupled with mechanical refining

In this study, the effect of aerobic fermentation pretreatment on bio-mechanical pulping of rice straw was investigated with compound bacterial agents (2 geobacillus sp, 1 parageobacillus sp and 4 thermos sp). The microbial community, chemical composition, surface morphology, crystal index and other parameters were monitored at various time intervals during the aerobic fermentation process. The chemical constituents of rice straw (mainly cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) were partly degraded and dissolved in the fermentation process, leading to increased surface roughness and crystallinity index. The bio-mechanical pulping process was optimized in terms of Canadian freeness standard (CSF), specific energy consumption (SEC), water retention value (WRV), pulping yield, and physical properties of the resultant pulp. Under the optimal process conditions, the fermentation pre-treatment resulted in about 54% energy saving, 13% WRV improvement, and 81% increase in tensile strength at a given pulp freeness.

Effects of discharge characteristics and evaluation of pressure of shock wave on underwater discharge as pretreatment for enzymatic saccharification

Cellulosic bioethanol produced from wood is a candidate for alternative fuel to fossil fuels. In the cellulosic ethanol production process, pretreatment before enzymatic saccharification should be introduced for acceleration of the process. We proposed a new pretreatment technique for the cleavage of inter-cellulose hydrogen bonds by underwater discharge shock waves. In this study, we quantitatively analyzed the relationship among discharge conditions, shock wave properties, and treatment efficiency to estimate the optimal treatment conditions. The shock wave pressure was measured at several MPa, and optical microscopy results suggested wood flour fragmentation. The relationship between the discharge characteristics and the treatment effect was investigated by measuring the water retention value as an indicator of hydrogen bond cleavage and the amount of glucose as bioethanol intermediate products. The discharge energy of 0.85–1.16 J/pulse did not affect the treatment effect, while an increased discharge frequency in the range of 3.3–7.3 Hz did. The independence of treatment effect on the discharge energy was investigated to arise from the saturation in the discharge-current rising rate and shock-wave pressure.

Customer relationship management systems for customer retention in a life insurance organisation in South Africa

By examining the role and value of customer retention (CR) in the life insurance sector of the South African insurance industry, this paper seeks to uncover the level of clientele receptiveness and willingness to adopt Information Technology (IT)-based Customer Relationship Management (CRM). Arguably, there are changing client needs, and market erosion requires innovative processes and particularly a readiness to accommodate the swift changes in technology. This volatile environment has, over the past decade, created increased competition and uncertain economic futures, which has placed life insurers under pressure and facing a steady increase in policy lapses. The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the role and value of IT-based CRM potential on customer retention in the life insurance industry in South Africa. It is argued, that with technological advances, increased competition, tough economic conditions, and clients becoming more financially conscious, insurers need to seek further and newer methods to retain their clientele.&#x0D; The study applied a quantitative research methodology by administering existing structured questionnaires to 100 clients at a Walk-in-Centre of a major life insurance company in South Africa to examine the causal link between IT-based CRM and customer retention. The survey concluded that probing unchartered terrain is required in fluctuating times for insurers to be competitive. The implication of the findings is that the speed, at which technology is evolving, is compelling insurers to evaluate new and alternative means of managing client relationships, as clients now drive the economy, not businesses. The very essence of a good CRM programme is its reliance on an IT system innovation, which is advanced enough to analyse the captured client data, transform that data into usable knowledge, which is then used to drive client retention. Explain who will be interested in the findings and why they should care about them. This paper contributes to the understanding, and implementation, of a successful IT-based CRM tool within the life insurance industry

Preparation and rheological properties of acrylamide-based penta-polymer for ultra-high temperature fracturing fluid

In this study, a penta-polymer PADAAN is prepared with acrylamide (AM) as the main chain material, acrylic acid (AA) as the carboxyl monomer, N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) as the temperature resistant monomer, N, N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAM) as the cross-linking monomer and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) as the salt resistant monomer. Firstly, the best proportions of the monomers are determined, and then the rheological properties and microstructure of the polymer solution itself are studied. The 0.6 wt% PADAAN solution has a wide linear elastic region and it has good viscoelasticity and has good research value in its use as a fracturing fluid-based solution; The time required for restructuring the system structure is short and the spatial structure recovery ability is strong; The temperature resistance experiment of the fracturing fluid system (0.6 wt% PADAAN thickener base solution, 1 wt% cross-linking agent FAC-24,0.5 wt% pH regulator HAC20, 0.8 wt% FAT composited ratio deoxidizer, 0.2 wt% methanol)formulated by thickener found that the viscosity retention values of PADAAN are greater than 50mPa·s at 255 ℃, 265 ℃ and 275 ℃ respectively. In general, the new penta-polymer studied in this study can be used as a thickener for ultra-high temperature fracturing fluid with temperature resistance above 275 °C, which not only provides a reference for subsequent rheological studies of temperature-resistant polymers, but also has broad application potential in the field of hydraulic fracturing in oil and gas fields.

Retention Evaluation of Implant-Supported Palateless Maxillary Overdentures Retained by PEEK Telescopic Attachment

Background: Retention and stabilization of implant-supported overdenture is associated with more patient satisfaction, chewing capability, and oral health-related quality of life. There are a variety of implant retention systems which can be utilized to retain an implant overdenture. Telescopic attachments provide excellent retention resulting from friction. Objective: This study evaluates the retention force and fatigue resistance of ready-made polyether ether ketone (PEEK) telescopic attachment in different numbers and positions of dental implants in palateless maxillary overdenture. Method: Five edentulous maxillary models were fabricated from cold-cure poly methyl methacrylate resin. The study models were divided into two groups; the first group (3-implant supported overdenture) and the second group (4-implant supported overdenture). Each group is subdivided into subgroups according to the different implant positions. One palateless maxillary denture was constructed over each model. Ready-made PEEK telescope attachments correspond to implant abutments embedded in the inner surface of these overdentures. Initial anterior, posterior, and central retention values of overdentures were estimated and compared with the retention after 540 cycles of insertion and removal using a digital force gauge. One-way ANOVA testing was used to compare the means of the models of group one, an Independent sample t-test was used to compare the means of the models of group two, and a comparison of retention value between the groups and Paired sample t-test was applied for determining the difference between initial and secondary retention value (p&lt;0.05). Results: The anterior retention value was significantly decreased when the dental implants were placed distally while the posterior and central retention values were significantly increased. Also, retention value increased as implant number increased; the lowest mean retention values were recorded with Group one and the highest values were with Group two. The final retention value was significantly decreased after 540 times insertion and removal. However, the values of secondary retention are still larger than the minimum retention value that was reported (5–7 N) to achieve sufficient patient satisfaction. Conclusion: The implant location and number affect the retention value of palateless maxillary overdenture. Continuous insertion and removal of the prosthesis for daily hygiene practice lead to decreases in retention values.

Holey Graphene/Ferroelectric/Sulfur Composite Cathodes for High-Capacity Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have attracted considerable interest as next-generation high-density energy storage devices. However, their practical applications are limited by rapid capacity fading when cycling cells with high mass loading levels. This could be largely attributed to the inferior electron/ion conduction and the severe shuttling effect of soluble polysulfide species. To address these issues, composites of sulfur/ferroelectric nanoparticles/ho ley graphene (S/FNPs/hG) cathodes were fabricated for high-mass-loading S cathodes. The solvent-free and binder-free procedure is enabled using holey graphene as a unique dry-pressable electrode for Li-S batteries. The unique structure of the holey graphene framework ensures fast electron and ion transport within the electrode and affords enough space to mitigate the electrode's volume expansion. Moreover, ferroelectric polarization due to FNPs within S/hG composites induces an internal electric field, which effectively reduces the undesired shuttling effect. With these advantages, the S/FNPs/hG composite cathodes exhibit sustainable and ultrahigh specific capacity up to 1409 mAh/gs for the S/BTO/hG cathode. A capacity retention value of 90% was obtained for the S/BNTFN/hG battery up to cycle 18. The high mass loading of sulfur ranging from 5.72 to 7.01 mgs/cm2 allows maximum high areal capacity up to ∼10 mAh/cm2 for the S/BTO/hG battery and superior rate capability at 0.2 and 0.5 mA/cm2. These results suggest sustainable and high-yielding Li-S batteries can be obtained for potential commercial applications.

Microwave-assisted separation hemicellulose from hemp stalk: Extracting performance, extracting mechanism and mass transfer model

Herein, a novel microwave-assisted alkali extraction process was proposed for further high-efficiency extraction of hemicellulose from hemp stalk. The hemicellulose extraction yield of the peeled hemp stalk surpasses 60% under mild conditions (4% alkali content, 80 °C, 30 min). Meanwhile, the hemicellulose presented a high weight-average and number-average molecular weight of 25331, 6067 g/mol. The improved efficiency could be thanks to the looser structure created by microwave expansion pretreatment via breaking the intricate structure and shielding of the hemp stalk cell wall, detailed as the specific surface area, total pore volume, and average pore size of the hemp stalk increased from 1.30 m²/g, 0.003 cm3/g, 10.66 nm to 1.85 m²/g, 0.006 cm3/g and 13.08 nm after the microwave expansion pretreatment. Furthermore, the higher expansion rate (36.74%) and water retention value (265%) of the hemp stalk also demonstrated the effective disrupting effect on the fiber structure. Finally, the empirical mass transfer model of extraction hemicellulose from hemp stalk was established. The predicted value and the experimental data showed a good correlation (R2 = 0.9998) and the model displayed excellent stability (relative deviation within 5%). Therefore, microwave-assisted alkali extraction has great potential application in the hemicellulose separation industry.

The Effects of Using Virtual Reality on Thai Word Order Learning

Thai has its own unique spelling system and grammatical rules. Its word order is quite different from that of Mandarin and English, thus making it more difficult for students in Taiwan to learn. Past studies also point out that learning word order is one of the most difficult aspects when learning foreign languages. As science and technology advance, emerging technologies have been widely applied in foreign language learning. This research aims to explore the effect of using a multi-language VR learning assessment system on assisting Thai learners to learn grammatical word order, and to investigate the correlates between Thai self-efficacy, Thai language anxiety, word order learning retention, and task value of VR learning. In order to accomplish this purpose, we invited Thai learners who took Thai courses in the continuing education division of a national university in northern Taiwan to participate in a 5-week teaching experiment, during which the participants were asked to practice Thai word order for 20 min. They were administered a questionnaire to fill out after five weeks of practice and were tested for retention one month after the experiment. A total of 84 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective return rate of 93.3%. Of the respondents, 30 were male (35.7%), and 54 were female (64.3%). The data were subjected to item analysis, reliability and validity analysis, and then underwent PLS-SEM for research model validation. The results revealed that: (1) Thai language self-efficacy was positively related to learning retention and task value; (2) Thai language anxiety was negatively related to learning retention and task value; (3) Learning retention was positively related to the task value of learning and continuous usage intention.

Supplementation of Cereal Proteins with Amino Acids: V. Effect of Supplementing Lime-Treated Corn with Different Levels of Lysine, Tryptophan and Isoleucine on the Nitrogen Retention of Young Children

A lime-treated corn diet was supplemented with two levels each of lysine and of tryptophan, as well as two levels of isoleucine with a constant lysine and tryptophan supplement. Comparison of corn protein with the FAO reference protein indicates tryptophan to be the first limiting amino acid and lysine the second. In 18 3-day balance periods in two children lysine supplementation alone somewhat improved nitrogen balance, but tryptophan addition had no effect. Analysis of 12 3-day balance periods in 4 children indicated that the addition of lysine to give 180 mg/g N in the diet (0.30% l-lysine·HCl) and of tryptophan to a total of 75 mg/ g N (0.28% dl-tryptophan) approximately doubled the percentage of nitrogen retention compared with the results when the basal diet was fed. Increasing the lysine to 270 mg/g N (0.56% l-lysine·HCl) or the tryptophan to 90 mg/g N (0.35% dl-tryptophan) either singly or together, did not improve significantly the nitrogen balance compared with that obtained with these amino acids at the lower levels of supplementation. The addition of isoleucine to 270 mg/g N (0.45% dl-isoleucine) to the 270 mg lysine/g N plus 25 mg tryptophan/g N resulted in a slightly higher nitrogen balance. The addition of isoleucine to a level of 225 mg/g N gave an intermediate value for nitrogen retention. None of the amino acid combinations used to supplement corn-masa resulted in as high nitrogen retention as those obtained from feeding isonitrogenous levels of milk. The variable results with supplementation of different cereals with essential amino acids to the level in the FAO reference protein provide further evidence that reference amino acid patterns should include both upper and lower limits for the amount of each amino acid per gram of nitrogen and specify the range of protein intake over which they apply.

The Effect of Dentine Desensitizing Agents on the Retention of Cemented Fixed Dental Prostheses: A Systematic Review

Background and Objectives: The use of desensitizing agents (DA) after tooth preparation to prevent hypersensitivity is well documented in the literature. A fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) should have good retention to be successful. Inadequate retention may result in microleakage, secondary caries, and, eventually, dislodgement of the FDP. The effect of DAs on the retention of FDPs has been widely studied in the literature, but the results are conflicting. Thus, this study aimed to conduct a systematic review to assess the effect of dentine desensitizing agents, used to prevent post-cementation hypersensitivity, on the retention of cemented FDPs. The null hypothesis framed was that there is no effect of dentine desensitizing agents on the retention of cemented FDPs. The focused PICO question was as follows: "Does the application of dentine desensitizing agents (I) affect the retention (O) of cemented fixed dental prosthesis (P) when compared to non-dentine desensitizing groups (C)"? Materials and Methods: Four electronic databases were systematically searched and, on the basis of the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 articles were included in this systematic review. A modified CONSORT scale for in vitro studies was used to assess the quality of the selected studies, as all included studies were in vitro studies. Results: Most of the studies compared the effect of more than one type of DA on retention. The results of the selected studies varied due to differences in the composition of tested dentine DAs and types of luting cements. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the retention values of FDPs cemented using zinc phosphate cement were reduced with most of the DAs, whereas retention values increased when GIC, resin-modified GIC, and resin cements were used with the majority of DAs. These findings are important, as they can guide dentists in selecting the DA before cementing the crowns with the luting agent of their choice, without compromising the retention of the crowns.