Retention Values Research Articles

The oxygen electrode bifunctionality studies: La2FeNiO6 double perovskite nanoparticles

Double perovskites oxides (DPOs)-based bi-functional catalysts (oxygen reduction reaction, ORR, and oxygen evolution reaction, OER) have gained great importance due to their low oxygen electrode overpotential (η) performance. We demonstrate a nickel-based DPO material, La2FeNiO6 (LFNO), prepared via the sol-gel polymer method and a controlled synthesis approach, and the resultant product displays a reduced nanoparticle size of ~41.5 ± 5 nm and a surface area of 27.52 m2 g−1. The LFNO sample with a well-controlled textural property influences the electrochemical characteristics in all aspects, like OER/ ORR onset and Tafel slope values under 0.1 M KOH. Moreover, the LFNO exhibits exceptional bifunctionality characteristics: an ORR η value of 518 mV at −3 mA cm−2 and an OER η value of 311 mV at 10 mA cm−2; thus, the LFNO DPOs delivered a bifunctionality index value of ~0.82 V. In addition, a long-term stability test of the best LFNO catalyst achieved high retention values of 91.4% (ORR) and 72.2% (OER) after 10 h continuous working operation.

테크놀로지 활용을 위한 예비 유아특수교사의 교육요구도 분석

This study was carried out to find out the educational needs of pre-service primary special education teachers to enhance their technology competency. To this purpose, an online survey was conducted for 108 pre-service early childhood special education teachers regarding technology content teaching knowledge(TPACK). For the survey data, the education needs were calculated by the paired sample t-test and Borich analysis methods, and Locus for Focus analysis was performed to find out the priority of the education needs. As a result, the values of retention and necessity in all TPACK questions showed a statistically significant difference. The highest level of the items required by pre-service early childhood special education teachers was technology knowledge(TK), and the next priority was the ability to use technology in an integrated way(TPCK). The detailed results of the study suggest the composition and direction of programs for nurturing the ability to use technology in teacher training institutions.

Framework for Energy-Averaged Emission Mitigation Technique Adopting Gasoline-Methanol Blend Replacement and Piston Design Exchange

Measurement to mitigate automotive emission varies from energy content modification of fuel to waste energy recovery through energy system upgradation. The proposed energy-averaged emission mitigation technique involves interfacing piston design exchange and gasoline–methanol blend replacement with traditional gasoline for low carbon high energy content creation. Here, we interlinked the CO, CO2, NOx, O2, and HC to different design exchanges of coated pistons through the available brake power and speed of the engine. We assessed the relative effectiveness of various designs and coating thicknesses for different gasoline–methanol blends (0%,5%,10%, and 15%). The analysis shows the replacement of 5%, 10%, and 15% by volume of gasoline with methanol reduces the fuel carbon by 4.167%, 8.34%, and 12.5%, respectively. The fuel characteristics of blends are comparable to gasoline, hence there is no energy infrastructure modification required to develop the same amount of power. The CO and HC reduced significantly, while CO2 and NOx emissions are comparable. Increasing the coating thickness enhances the surface temperature retention and reduces heat transfer. The Type_C design of the steel piston and type_A design of the AlSi piston show temperature retention values of 582 °C and 598 °C, respectively. Type_A and type_B pistons are better compared to type_C and the type_D piston design for emission mitigation due to decarbonization of fuel through gasoline-methanol blend replacement. Surface response methodology predicts Delastic, σvon Mises, and Tsurface with percentage errors of 0.0042,0.35, and 0.9, respectively.

Copper-Cobalt-Based Sulfides: Strategy To Boost Energy Storage Performance Utilizing the Synergistic Effect of a Double Metal Ion

The copper cobaltite chalcogenides were designed and developed via a simple and economically effective electrochemical route followed by the hydrothermal anion-exchange process without altering the morphological features. The systematic synthetic approach provided spinel crystalline-structured copper cobalt sulfide (CuCo2S4) through in situ co-deposition and copper sulfide/cobalt sulfide composite (CuS/CoS) via layer-by-layer deposition. Obtained high-resolution scanning electron microscopy explains the unique dendrite morphology of copper cobalt sulfide (CuCo2S4) with a primary midrib followed by secondary and tertiary trunks, whereas CuS/CoS governs a distinct CuS dendrite covered with thin CoS sheets homogeneously. Furthermore, the CuCo2S4 electrode material governed a superior charge storage property in supercapacitor application with a capacitive value of 966–676.8 C g–1 at a current density ranging from 10 to 40 A g–1 with a 70.15% retention value, whereas CuS/CoS delivered only 455.3–278.8 C g–1 at current densities with 61.23% retention. The promising faradaic behavior of the as-prepared material was attributed by the stable charge-discharge profile at different applied current densities as 10, 20, 30, 40, and 10 A g–1 for 5000 cycles for CuCo2S4 and CuS/CoS electrodes, respectively. To evaluate real-time charge storage behavior, an asymmetric device was assembled by coupling the CuCo2S4 electrode with activated carbon electrode using a 3 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. The fabricated device delivered 126.8 and 81.45 C g–1 at 10 and 50 A g–1, respectively. Moreover, the device demonstrated excellent cycling stability up to 5000 cycles at 50 A g–1 with 96.70% capacitive retention. Thus, the present work demonstrates the most effective strategy to exploit the synergistic effect of bimetal ions to boost the charge storage properties of a ternary chalcogenide electrode.

Silk peptide-hyaluronic acid based nanogels for the enhancement of the topical administration of curcumin.

The present study focused on the development of Cur-loaded SOHA nanogels (Cur-SHNGs) to enhance the topical administration of Cur. The physiochemical properties of Cur-SHNGs were characterized. Results showed that the morphology of the Cur-SHNGs was spherical, the average size was 171.37 nm with a zeta potential of −13.23 mV. Skin permeation experiments were carried out using the diffusion cell systems. It was found that the skin retention of Cur-SHNGs was significantly improved since it showed the best retention value (0.66 ± 0.17 μg/cm2). In addition, the hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that the Cur-SHNGs improved transdermal drug delivery by altering the skin microstructure. Fluorescence imaging indicated that Cur-SHNGs could effectively deliver the drug to the deeper layers of the skin. Additionally, Cur-SHNGs showed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity with no skin irritation. Taken together, Cur-SHNGs could be effectively used for the topical delivery of therapeutic drugs.

The influence of electrostatic interactions in polyelectrolyte complexes on water retention values of cellulose nanofiber slurries

The influence of electrostatic interactions in polyelectrolyte complexes on water retention values of cellulose nanofiber slurries

Increasing the interaction of calcium carbonate with cellulosic fibers

Çalışmada, selülozik liflerin çok fazla tüketildiği kâğıt endüstrisinde dolgu maddesinin kullanım miktarını artırarak lifsel kaynakların tüketiminin azaltılması araştırılmıştır. Nişasta/stearik asit ile kalsiyum karbonat yüzeyinin modifiyesi partikül yüzeylerinin lif yüzeyindeki hidroksil gruplarıyla uyumluluğunun artırılması için kullanılmıştır. Nişasta moleküllerindeki hidroksil gruplarına ilaveten katyonik gruplara sahip olması modifiye edilmiş kalsiyum karbonat partiküllerinin selülozik liflere ve kâğıt üretiminde kullanılacak iyonik diğer kimyasallarla etkileşimini kolaylaştırmıştır. Böylece, inorganik partiküllerin lif/lif ara yüzeyinde meydana gelen bağ sayısındaki düşmelerin önüne geçilerek kalsiyum karbonat kullanımı ile ortaya çıkacak direnç kayıpları azaltılması hedeflenmiştir. Dolgu maddesi tutunumu, dolgu maddesinin iyonitesindeki değişim, boyut ve üretilen kâğıtların kopma mukavemetindeki değişimler incelenmiştir. Retansiyon değerleri incelendiğinde modifikasyondan sonra kalsiyum karbonat partiküllerinin liflere tutunumunun artığı ve ilave edilen retansiyon kimyasalları ile bu değerlerin daha ileriye çekildiği görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, modifikasyon işleminden sonra kalsiyum karbonat kullanımının kâğıt kopma mukavemetine pozitif etkisi belirlenmiştir.

Construction of self-supported hierarchical CuCo2O4 dendrites as faradaic electrode material for redox-based supercapacitor applications

The hierarchical CuCo2O4 dendrites electrode was directly constructed by a rapid and facile electrochemical route followed by thermal treatment. The engineered dendrites illustrate vertically aligned architecture with primary midrib connected with ceaseless secondary trunks subdivided to tertiary trunks in an ordered arrangement. CuCo2O4 exhibited superior capacitive property (938.4 C g−1), compared to the corresponding mono metal oxides (CuO = 341.6 and Co3O4 = 65.04 C g−1) at applied current density of 12 A g−1. Owing to the constructive features of uninterrupted conductive pathways, multivalent redox species, and structural advantages of CuCo2O4 dendrites, the rationally developed faradaic electrode offers improved capacity of 597.12 C g−1 for 5000 cycles with retention of 83.5% at higher current density value of 30 A g−1. A faradaic supercapacitor was fabricated with CuCo2O4 and activated carbon as cathode and anode, delivered capacity value of 223.65 C g−1 at 8 A g−1 with 93.91% retention value upto 5000 cycles at current density of 30 A g−1. The assembled device exhibited a high energy density of 87.465 W h kg−1 at 4.9 kW kg−1 and still maintained to deliver 30.741 W h kg−1 at 50.99 kW kg−1 upon high applied current density of 30 A g−1. Thus these perspectives pronounce the binder free, fast and scalable synthetic route for the preparation of hierarchical nanostructures for high performance energy storage devices also provides a platform for improvising energy crisis and storage demands.

Physico-mechanical characteristics of bast fibres of Sesamum indicum and Sesamum radiatum for bioprospecting

Natural fibres are renewable, inexpensive and biodegradable sources of sustainable materials from plants or animals. Bast fibres, as the notable natural fibres, are gathered from the outer cell layers of the stem of plant. Mature and young bast fibres from two species of Sesamum, namely Sesamum indicum L. and S. radiatum Schumach. & Thonn. were extracted through traditional water retting technique and analyzed for their physical, mechanical and chemical attributes. Anatomical studies revealed polygon shaped phloem (bast fibre) cells with small lumen were similar to jute, in terms of architecture, and bagasse, in terms of lumen size. Upon extraction and subsequent drying, the young stems of S. radiatum were found to yield more bast fibres by mass compared with the rest of the Sesamum samples, that was, 0.59 g (dry weight) of bast fibres from 100 g (fresh weight) of stem. According to stereo microscopic images, the mature S. radiatum fibres had rougher edges than the rest. Both S. indicum and S. radiatum fibre surfaces also seemed to have pores, according to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The porosity appeared to get more pronounced as the plants got older. The Sesamum bast fibres were also found to be extremely hydrophilic with a high-water retention value. The fibres obtained from S. radiatum were determined to be suitable for the textile industry due to their light colour, ideal diameter and length, and water-holding capacity that matched the requirements of fabric manufacturing. Even in the absence of a mordant, the mature fibres showed a significant degree and evenness of Alizarin dye attachment, which might be correlated to the increase in fibre surface roughness with fibre maturity. These fibres were also discovered to be comparable with jute in terms of phloem cell shape (polygonal), diameter (13–15 m), tenacity (12.86–32.54 gf/(g·km–1)), and linear density (2.5–3.3 g/km). It suggested that they might find industrial applications if further research were to be done.

Influence of Pre-Treatment and Artificial Aging on the Retention of 3D-Printed Permanent Composite Crowns.

The aim of this in vitro study is to investigate the bonding properties of a 3D-printable permanent composite material in comparison to milled composite materials. The tested materials are 3D-printed BEGO VarseoSmile Crown plus (VA1_ab, VA1_nt, VA2_ab, VA2_nt), Vita Enamic (EN1, EN2), and 3M Lava Ultimate (UL1, UL2) (N = 64; n = 8). For this purpose, all crowns are luted to polymer tooth stumps #46 (FDI) using dual-curing luting composite, strictly according to the manufacturer’s instructions. VA1_ab and VA2_ab are additionally airborne-particle abraded. 4 groups (VA2_ab, VA2_nt, EN2, UL2) are artificially aged (1,200,000 cycles, 50 N, 10,000 thermocycles), whereby no specimen has failed. All 64 specimens undergo pull-off testing until retention loss. The mean forces of retention-loss is 786.6 ± 137.6 N (VA1_nt, *), 988.6 ± 212.1 N (VA2_nt, *, Ɨ), 1223.8 ± 119.2 N (VA1_ab, Ɨ, ǂ), 1051.9 ± 107.2 N (VA2_ab, *, Ɨ), 1185.9 ± 211.8 N (EN1, Ɨ, ǂ), 1485.0 ± 198.2 N EN2, ǂ), 1533.8 ± 42.4 N (UL1, ǂ), and 1521.8 ± 343.4 N (UL2, ǂ) (one-way ANOVA (Scheffé method); p < 0.05; *, Ɨ, ǂ: group distribution). No characteristic failure modes can be detected. In conclusion, all of the pull-off forces reflect retention values that seem to be sufficiently high for clinical use. Additional airborne-particle abrasion of VA does not result in significantly better retention but can be recommended.

Influence of Sm and Cd co-substitutions on physical, magnetic, Mössbauer, electric, and dielectric properties of Co2X hexagonal ferrites in presence of a hematite phase

X-type samarium-cadmium co-substituted hexaferrite with compositions Ba2-xSmxCo2CdyFe28-yO46 (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.08, and 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.4) were prepared at 1340 °C using a simple heat treatment technique. All heated samples were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, VSM, Mӧssbauer, and low-frequency dielectric measurements. XRD analysis of prepared samples shows the formation of X as a major phase along with hematite. The MS value varied from 67.01 Am2/kg to 50.43 Am2/kg; whereas the Hc value changed from 2.95 kA/m to 6.17 kA/m, A high value of MS (67.01 Am2/kg) is observed in the pure sample, and a very low value of Hc (2.95 kA/m) is observed for x = 0.06, y = 0.3 compositions, but Mr/Ms < 0.5 confirm the multi-domain nature of prepared hexaferrites. Hysteresis loops of all samples are narrow, and confirmed that formed samples belong to magnetically soft. Mössbauer spectra of the three samples (S1, S3, and S5) show the existence of doublets. Significantly low values of coercivity, retentivity, and loss tangent in Sm–Cd substituted samples signified those prepared materials can be used to design electromagnets, transformer cores, electric motors, and maybe a potential candidate for lossless low-frequency applications.

Synthesis of Mn2V2O7 nanopebbles via hydrothermal method and its high-efficiency energy storage for supercapacitors

For its improved electrochemical features, such as a longer life cycle, higher specific capacitance, and higher specific power, the supercapacitor has acquired increased attention. Between the battery and the conventional capacitor, the supercapacitor fills the energy and power gaps. The supercapacitor has been suggested as an energy storage device for higher-power uses in the future. MnOOH nanorods and Mn2V2O7 nanopebbles were synthesised through a hydrothermal method, and those materials were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal graviometric analysis (TGA), Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The XRD results revealed the creation of a monoclinic phase of synthesised MnOOH nanorods and Mn2V2O7 nanopebbles. The supercapacitance behaviour of crystalline MnOOH nanorods and Mn2V2O7 nanopebbles was examined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) techniques. The Mn2V2O7 nanopebbles achieved a high specific capacitance value of 1310 F/g at 0.25 A/g. The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor of Mn2V2O7@NF//AC@NF has a good capacitance retention value of 98 % and matches a coulombic efficiency of 95.5 % over 5000 cycles. In an alkaline medium, the energy density and power density of Mn2V2O7@NF//AC@NF are 53.9 Wh k/g and 1564 W k/g, respectively.

Factors influencing retention of resin-based luting systems on implants: A systematic review

The large variety in materials makes it difficult for dentists to select the right material for appropriate retention of single crowns on implants. An assessment of the retentive force and influencing parameters is lacking. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the retention values of resin-based luting materials of single tooth crowns on implants. Influencing factors, such as the abutment geometry, different pretreatment options, or the application of resin-based systems, are taken into account. A Pubmed-Medline library search was conducted, supported by manual searching, to collect available studies between the years 2005 to 2020. The following MeSH terms were used: “dental AND implant AND crown AND cementation AND retention”, as well as other combinations to identify as many studies as possible. After setting the filters and deleting the duplicates, 269 studies were identified. Finally, 23 studies were considered eligible for this review. Resin-based adhesive luting materials in combination with a primer showed the highest retention values. The retention is significantly influenced by a small cement gap, high loading during cementation, and pretreatment of the abutment. A low bias risk was shown for all included studies. The large number of available resin-based luting materials offer dentists the possibility to influence the individual retention of single-tooth crowns on implants. According to the present study, retentive strength can be clinically influenced not only by the choice of luting material. A pretreatment using sandblasting and an appropriate primer influences retention positively. Exerting pressure on the restoration after cementation also leads to increased retention. However, clinical studies would be desirable for the future to further investigate the results of this review.

Effect of additional types of different probiotics on feed on the consumption rate, feed conversion ratio, protein, and fat retention Cyprinus carpio

Cyprinus carpio is a freshwater fish that is in great demand by the public because of several advantages, including its high protein content and affordable price. Carp (C. carpio) cultivation requires artificial feed as nutrients to support its growth. One aspect of stunted growth is low feed utilization, this is related to feed protein digestibility that is not optimal. One way to increase the digestibility of feed is by adding probiotics. The purpose of this study was to examine the addition of probiotics to artificial feed on the level of feed consumption, the value of the feed conversion ratio, the retention of protein in meat and retention of fat in the fish of Cyprinus carpio.&#x0D; This research was conducted in May-June 2022 at the Laboratory of the School of Health and Natural Sciences. The results found that the addition of different types of probiotics to the feed can affect the level of consumption, feed conversion ratio, protein retention and fat retention of Cyprinus carpio fish. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Observations on each treatment showed different results. The results showed that probiotics had an effect (p&lt;0.05) on TKP, RKP, RP, and RL. The best use of probiotics is found in P4 with the content of probiotic bacteria, namely Lactobacillus sp. Acetobacter sp. and yeast. The results obtained in the P4 treatment with a total value of 105.93 grams of feed consumption, 1.40 feed conversion ratio value, 65.68% meat protein retention value, and 187.59% meat fat retention value

Utilization of feed resources in the production of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Norway in 2020

The utilization of feed resources in Norwegian farming of Atlantic salmon has been reported for 2010, 2012, 2016 and 2020. The present paper is a corresponding documentation for farming of rainbow trout in Norway in 2020. 89,667 tonnes of rainbow trout were produced, which is 6 % of the amount of salmon produced. The 116,990 tonnes of ingredients used for feed sold as trout feed were produced from 13.4 % marine protein sources, 10.8 marine oils, 39.7 % vegetable protein sources, 19.9 % vegetable oils, 12.1 % carbohydrate sources and 3.9 % micro ingredients, which include vitamin and mineral premixes, crystalline amino acids and astaxanthin. In addition, was 0.2 %, or 257 tonnes, of single cell protein, insect meal, fermented products and microalgae used in trout feed. Norwegian fish meal and fish oil constituted 8.8 % of the ingredients, and the remaining 91.2 % were imported ingredients. The economic feed conversion factor (FCR) was 1.30, 1.21 or 1.44 if calculated from feed ingredients ‘as is’, feed ingredients on dry matter basis, or from registered traded feed, respectively. The trout retained 37 %, 43 %, 33 %, 63 % and 63 % of the feed’s dry matter, energy, protein, fat and EPA+DHA, respectively, in the whole body. In fillet, the corresponding retention values were 21 %, 25 %, 23 %, 34 % and 35 %, respectively. The feed utilization in trout was slightly overestimated because of some salmon feed used in the trout production. The feed ingredients used and the feed utilization in trout farming in 2020 were similar to the data for salmon farming, but trout is produced in a smaller quantity.

Preparation of double-network hydrogel consisting of chitosan, cellulose and polyacrylamide for enrichment of tetracyclines

A double-network hydrogel was prepared with the chitosan-cellulose composite as the rigid network and polyacrylamide as the flexible network (abbreviated as CCP hydrogel). A deep eutectic solvent synthesized by choline chloride and malic acid was used as the assistant solvent to dissolve cellulose for preparation of the CCP hydrogel. The obtained CCP hydrogel was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, and stress-strain test. The properties of the CCP hydrogel are obviously better than those of the single network hydrogel. The compressive strength of CCP hydrogel is 2.8 times that of the chitosan-cellulose single network hydrogel. The CCP hydrogel exhibits the favorable swelling performance (swelling ratio of 955 %–1377 %), water-locking ability (water retention value of 40 %), and stability in aqueous system. Moreover, the CCP hydrogel performs the excellent adsorption capacity, fast adsorption efficiency, and good selective towards tetracyclines. The effects of temperature and solution pH on the adsorption properties of CCP hydrogel were assessed. The Langmuir, Freundlich, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and thermodynamic models were applied to explore the adsorption characteristics of CCP hydrogel. After multiple adsorption/desorption cycles, the CCP hydrogel still maintains 84.3 %–93.4 % of adsorption capacity. Finally, the CCP hydrogel combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to analyze tetracyclines in food samples. The tetracycline (0.14 μg/mL) and minocycline (0.080 μg/mL) in milk, tetracycline (0.082 μg/mL) and minocycline (0.089 μg/mL) in fish, and tetracycline (0.078 μg/mL) and demeclocycline (0.10 μg/mL) in chicken were detected by CCP-hydrogel method with a high accuracy (recoveries of 75.82 %–108.8 %). Furthermore, for comparison with the CCP-hydrogel method, the traditional precipitation method was also applied to detect the tetracyclines in foods. The CCP-hydrogel method possesses a higher accuracy than traditional method, and can more accurately and satisfactorily detect tetracyclines in foods.

Ecosystem service trade-offs and identification of eco-optimal regions in urban agglomerations in arid regions of China

Ecosystems play an essential role in maintaining biodiversity, regulating climate, and promoting functional biodiversity in arid urban agglomerations. Accurately assessing the characteristics of ecosystem services and identifying eco-optimal regions in urban agglomerations in arid regions are important for ecological security and the sustainable development of regional ecological systems. In this study, the ecosystem service functions of Urban Agglomeration on the Northern Slope of the Tianshan Mountains (UANSTM) were evaluated using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model based on the Geographic Information System (GIS) platform coupled with multi-source data. Moreover, the eco-optimal regions were identified by the Ordered Weighted Average (OWA). The findings demonstrate that the development and ecological construction of the UANSTM lead to the conversion of a large amount of unused land to grassland, cultivated land, and construction land. Analyzing the relationship between ecosystem services and land types shows that the high value ecosystem services are mainly distributed in forest land and grassland. In terms of changes in ecosystem services, the net primary productivity (NPP) and habitat quality (HQ) values increased, while the value of soil retention (SR) and water yield (WY) decreased. The relationship between ecosystem services is mainly pairwise synergy, except for HQ-WY and NPP-WY. Regarding spatial distribution, the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services demonstrated different geospatial heterogeneity. The OWA model was employed to establish different risk values and weights to simulate different risk scenarios. The area of coverage of risk scenario 5, with the highest trade-off values, was selected as the eco-optimal region. The eco-optimal regions were mainly located in the urban agglomeration's central and southwestern high-altitude areas, where a safety barrier was established for the ecological region. The results of this study can serve as a reference for the ecological construction, land planning, and management of urban agglomerations in arid regions.

Valorization and Development of Acorn Starch as Sustainable and High-Performance Papermaking Additive for Improving Bagasse Pulp and Paper Properties.

Improving bagasse pulp and paper properties using forest-byproduct biomass, native Acorn starch (NAS), was compared with conventional wet-end additive cationic corn starch (CCS). The extracted acorn starch was characterized by SEM, XRD, and GPC. The results clearly showed irregular granular shape (6–12 μm) with rough surfaces, CA-type XRD pattern, and 436.2 kDa molecular weights for NAS. The bagasse pulp retention and drainage as keys of operation performance and runnability were superior by NAS in comparison with CCS, while the lowest dosage of NAS (0.5%) showed superior results than the highest dosages of CCS (1% & 1.5%). The higher NAS adsorption onto the fiber surfaces compared to CCS could be concluded by higher water retention value (WRV) of the pulp together with higher density (up to 20%) and mechanical properties of the produced paper, e.g., tensile (up to 63%), burst (up to 37%) and tear (up to 11%) indices. NAS exploiting naturally as a papermaking additive would provide performance higher than commercial chemically-modified starch.Graphical abstract

Impact of cooking on the content of nutritionally important fatty acids in muscle from lambs raised to have divergent intramuscular fatty acid compositions

The effect of sous vide cooking or grilling longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) on the intramuscular fatty acid concentrations of lambs raised at pasture (Pasture), fed a cereal concentrate-based diet (Concentrate) or fed a cereal concentrate-based diet with a protected linseed oil supplement (Linseed) was assessed using GC-FID. Sous vide and grilling led to significant increases in fatty acid concentrations, particularly in the Pasture group. The apparent retention values were generally higher in the Pasture group. Concentrate, Linseed and Pasture groups had 16.7–19.9 mg, 25.8–28.7 mg, and 38.8–42.9 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in 100 g cooked meat, respectively. The EPA+DHA in the Pasture group met the requirements for a nutrient claim as a “source of n-3 fatty acids” set by the European Commission and as a “good source of n-3 fatty acids” set by the Food Standards Australia and New Zealand.

Standard Adult Gastric Emptying Scintigraphy Criteria Is Applicable for Partial Meal Ingestion.

Gastric emptying scintigraphy is commonly performed to assess for dysmotility. A standardized meal with associated threshold criteria was established in 2000 to enable robust interpretation. However, no guidance is available to interpret results when patients do not ingest the entire meal. The purpose of this study is to determine the continued appropriateness of the threshold criteria in contemporary clinical practice and its relevance for partially ingested meals. This retrospective study analyzed patients (n = 1365 total) who underwent solid-phase gastric emptying scintigraphy at an academic medical center. Patients were stratified based on their completion of the standard meal. Patients were further stratified into normal and delayed gastric emptying cohorts based on the current criteria. Percent gastric retention values at 1, 2, 3, and 4h were compared. Median (95% upper reference) normal gastric retention values for the complete standard meal were 64% (87%) at 1h, 25% (60%) at 2h, 13% (54%) at 3h and 4% (9%) at 4h. Consumption of at least 50% of the standard meal yielded similar retention; 53% (86%) at 1h, 19% (58%) at 2h, 6% (29%) at 3h and 3% (10%) at 4h. There was no significant age- or gender-specific differences using the current criteria, and no differences were observed based on diabetic status. Retention values matched well with the current criteria and validated with data-driven clustering. Adult normative standards for gastric emptying scintigraphy are appropriate for differentiating normal and delayed populations and can be applied to partial meals with at least 50% completion.