Prestige Value Research Articles

Relationships between work values, communication satisfaction, and employee job performance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between work values (cognitive, instrumental, social, and prestige), communication satisfaction (informational and relational), and employee job performance (task and contextual) in the context of international joint ventures (IJVs) in Iran. Design/methodology/approach – Validated measurement items for study variables were adopted from previous studies. Data were collected through surveys using a random sample of employees and their direct supervisors from the two largest IJVs in Iran’s automobile industry. Findings – According to the results, cognitive, instrumental, and prestige work values had significant effects on informational communication satisfaction. All dimensions of work values (cognitive, instrumental, social, and prestige) were significantly related to relational communication satisfaction. Both dimensions of communication satisfaction (informational and relational) were significantly related to both dimensions of employee job performance (contextual and task). Research limitations/implications – Data were collected from two IJVs in Iran, which may limit the generalization of results to non-IJVs in Iran. The results have important implications for IJV managers by providing valuable insights into adopting various effective tools in the workplace. Originality/value – Previous studies have generally considered work values as a two-dimensional construct. This study extends the literature by conceptualizing work values based on four dimensions (cognitive, instrumental, social, and prestige). No study has taken into consideration social and prestige values in an Asian context. In addition, few studies have investigated the relationships between work values and communication satisfaction.

Psychological subjectivity as an optical metaphor in discursive psychology

The paper explores the metatheoretical level of assessing the limits of application of clinical and psychotherapeutic methods, using three central philosophical approaches to humans and subjectivity – philosophical anthropology, phenomenology, and existentialism. The current project conceptualizes the modern type of person, explicitly oriented towards the values of consumption, power and prestige. The latter grounds recurrent references to social and cultural phenomena, even when methodological bases of clinicist analysis are considered. A special stress is made on the importance of speech acts in the process of psychotherapeutic interactions, which is subject to the discourse analysis. The main hypothesis concerns a correspondence of the levels of intrusion and of the studies of human psychics, to the models of medicine and to the general level of the society development and its culture.

Masstige Marketing Redefined and Mapped: Introducing a Pyramid Model and an MMS Measure

Purpose – “Masstige marketing” is considered as a market penetration strategy for medium and large enterprises, particularly in foreign markets. The author redefine “masstige marketing” strategy in this paper and map the concept as a new model for brand building. Second, the author examine the effectiveness of “masstige marketing” strategy with reference to marketing mix theory (Four Ps=product, price, place and promotion). The purpose of this paper is to introduce a theoretical model to help the companies to implement “masstige marketing” strategy. Design/methodology/approach – The author introduce a scale, called “Masstige Mean Score Scale” to measure the mass prestige value of brands. Both secondary and primary data used in this study. The author collected data from 590 young women consumers living in Japan and France to measure the “masstige” value using the new scale developed. The marketing strategy of European luxury sector multinational brand LV, has also been discussed as a method.Findings – Masstige value is the best indicator of long-term brand value. In other words, higher the masstige value (MMS) of a brand, the higher the likelihood to succeed. The author also found that a brand can create mass prestige with “masstige marketing” strategy by appropriately mixing the four Ps in marketing – Product, Price, Promotion and Place in a distinct and culturally different market. Originality/value – The author develop a pyramid model and measurement scale for “masstige marketing” as a theoretical framework to stimulate further research and as a tool for practitioners for better decision making. Besides, the author posit that higher the Masstige Mean Score (MMS) of a brand, higher the likelihood that potential customers recall that as a “top of mind” brand. Lower MMS implies that the firm has to go long way in their efforts to build the brand.

Masstige marketing redefined and mapped

Purpose – “Masstige marketing” is considered as a market penetration strategy for medium and large enterprises, particularly in foreign markets. The author redefine “masstige marketing” strategy in this paper and map the concept as a new model for brand building. Second, the author examine the effectiveness of “masstige marketing” strategy with reference to marketing mix theory (Four Ps=product, price, place and promotion). The purpose of this paper is to introduce a theoretical model to help the companies to implement “masstige marketing” strategy. Design/methodology/approach – The author introduce a scale, called “Masstige Mean Score Scale” to measure the mass prestige value of brands. Both secondary and primary data used in this study. The author collected data from 590 young women consumers living in Japan and France to measure the “masstige” value using the new scale developed. The marketing strategy of European luxury sector multinational brand LV, has also been discussed as a method. Findings – Masstige value is the best indicator of long-term brand value. In other words, higher the masstige value (MMS) of a brand, the higher the likelihood to succeed. The author also found that a brand can create mass prestige with “masstige marketing” strategy by appropriately mixing the four Ps in marketing – Product, Price, Promotion and Place in a distinct and culturally different market. Originality/value – The author develop a pyramid model and measurement scale for “masstige marketing” as a theoretical framework to stimulate further research and as a tool for practitioners for better decision making. Besides, the author posit that higher the Masstige Mean Score (MMS) of a brand, higher the likelihood that potential customers recall that as a “top of mind” brand. Lower MMS implies that the firm has to go long way in their efforts to build the brand.

Выбор профессии студентами туристского вуза: мотивационный анализ

Today the educational system is characterized by multiplication
 of poly-cultural processes as well as by updating of crosscultural
 dialogue. An educational model answering to new social
 and economic inquiries is only starting its self-development. Tourism
 sphere professional formation is beginning from the moment of this
 profession choice. Symbiosis, a direct dynamic interrelation of
 professional socialization and system of professional knowledge
 and skills is important. The motivation for profession choice by
 students of tourist higher education institution has been studied
 during sociological research, conducted by questionnaire method
 on the basis of Russian International Academy for Tourism and its
 Moscow branch. A sample volume was 564 respondents: 250 students
 of 1 course and 314 students of 4 course participated in comparative
 research (continuous sampling). Conclusions: the motivation
 of person’s professional self-determination has multi-vector structure.
 Considerable determination by internal motives is supplemented
 among the students with influence of external motivation
 both of positive and negative value. At the existing high rates of
 separate types motivation influence there is some decreasing of
 indicators for such motives as "Prestige value ", "Opportunity to
 bring benefit to people", "Possibility for use of professional abilities
 out of work" among the 4 course students against the 1 course ones.
 Results promote understanding of essence for tourism manager’s
 professional motivation as a set of steady motives including: professional
 motives; motives of professional development; pragmatic
 motives; informative motives; motives of person’s self-realization;
 social motives.

Social inequalities in the Neolithic of southern Europe: The grave goods of the Campo de Hockey necropolis (San Fernando, Cádiz, Spain)

The archaeological excavations carried out between August 2007 and July 2008 in the necropolis of Campo de Hockey (transit Vth–IVth millennium BC) documented levels and structures of interest. We report the first data on the grave goods study, with a special focus on the “funerary” as social work investment. The correlations between the “grave goods” (such as social prestige values) and funerary structures can be established. The individual, double or triple characters of these burials imply social effort and sometimes involve an investment of community work. In the study of the necropolis, it has been observed that very few tombs have grave goods elements; this finding is of great interest because it confirms that incipient hierarchisation processes occurred in these Neolithic societies of South Iberia. We emphasise the analysis of so-called exotic products (amber, turquoise, variscite, sillimanite, etc.) as indicators of inequality, focusing on the correspondence between them and the most monumental or complex structures. We also note the importance of the exploitation of marine resources, which is obvious given the insular nature of the settlement, not only for food but also for ornamental purposes.

A comparative analysis of the work values of Greece's ‘Millennial’ generation

This study adds to the growing body of international evidence concerning the millennial generation (i.e. those born after 1980), by documenting the work values of millennial-aged undergraduate students (N = 649) in Greece, using an adapted version of the Lyons Work Value Survey. Our results show that millennial-aged Greeks place most importance on intrinsic and social aspects of work, and less importance on extrinsic and prestige values. We statistically compare our results to those of published studies of millennial-aged respondents from other countries and find that Greek respondents hold a unique work value profile, although they demonstrate some similarities to counterparts in other countries. Our findings do not clearly support the notion of a ‘global youth generation’, as young people in various countries hold different work value priorities. This suggests that employers seeking to recruit, engage and retain young workers internationally must tailor their offerings to the specific cultural context.

Occupation, Prestige, and Voluntary Work in Retirement: Empirical Evidence from Germany

The paper examines the extent to which the prestige value of a retiree’s former occupation increases the likelihood that they will make a transition into volunteering after retirement. Following social production function theory, we assume that when a person retires, the prestige value attached to their former occupation fades. The fact that volunteering has the character of a collective good provides the opportunity to gain social prestige to offset the loss of occupational prestige. However, the extent of the incentive to volunteer will be distributed unequally across occupations: the higher the former occupational prestige value, the higher the perceived loss of prestige after retirement. Thus, doing a job with high prestige value increases the incentive to volunteer in retirement. This assumption is tested, using data taken from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 1992-2013. The sample contains 1,631 workers and 589 retirees, 278 of whom transitioned into volunteering during the observation window. Based on Kaplan-Meier-Failure-Estimates and complementary log-log hazard models, findings show a positive effect of occupational prestige on the transition into volunteering. Thus, the loss of high occupational prestige can be compensated by the social prestige associated with volunteering. Formal volunteering in retirement follows, albeit to a lesser extent, the logic of the occupational social strata.

The role of visual art in enhancing perceived prestige of luxury brands

Does visual art enhance the prestige of luxury brands? To test the integration effect of luxury brands and art, we conduct two studies using the Louis Vuitton (LV) brand. This paper shows that visual art enhances consumers’ perceived prestige value, including perceived conspicuous value, perceived unique value, perceived quality value, and perceived hedonic value, but that it has no effect on perceived extended self. Further, this effect is strengthened when the price of the product is between 25 and 50 % higher than the price of a comparable product.

An Exploratory Non‐Destructive Provenance Analysis of Two Middle Archaic Greenstone Pendants from Little Salt Spring, Florida, USA

Test excavations in 2005 and 2006 of the Little Salt Spring mortuary pond in Southwest Florida (USA) yielded two exotic stone pendants indirectly dated to the Middle Archaic (7000–5000 14C year B.P.). Hand‐specimen petrographic observation, combined with non‐destructive environmental scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and whole‐rock X‐ray diffraction, identified the pendants as (1) a mica‐plagioclase‐edenite amphibolite or schist and (2) an intermediate pyroxene‐ and/or amphibole‐bearing granitoid. Provenance was broadly constrained to a number of potential sources in the southern Appalachian Piedmont of the United States (at a minimum distance of 650 km from the archaeological findspot) utilizing the United States Geological Survey's National Geologic Map Database lithologic search tool (GEOLEX) and Mineral Resources On‐Line Spatial Data GIS database. Due to the absence of lithologic matches within the state of Florida, we propose that the two artifacts most likely arrived at Little Salt Spring through down‐the‐line exchange of materials of prestige value with geologic origins in the southern Appalachian Piedmont, arguing for the existence of small‐scale long‐distance lithic exchange networks reaching into Archaic Florida. From a methodological standpoint, this study illustrates the potential utility of data collected under nonideal, non‐destructive analytical conditions for deriving meaningful archaeological interpretations.

Designing a graph-based framework to support a multi-modal approach for music information retrieval

In this paper, we propose a graph-based framework to organize low-level and high-level features of music objects in a unified way. The featured graph, called the power graph, is associated with operators to support a variety of music information retrieval applications, such as auto-tagging, link analysis, similarity measurement, and clustering. Among these operators, we have identified the node ranking by computing prestige value as one of the essential fundamental link analysis operators. For this particular operator, we propose two methods of computing prestige; they are the power method and the algebraic method. Although the algebraic method is originated from the symmetric graph, the algebraic method can be applied as an approximate but efficient alternative to the power method. To demonstrate the feasibility of our framework, we have carried out an auto-tagging experiment and a music object clustering experiment. According to the auto-tagging experimental results, we have observed that the algebraic method has achieved almost the same results as the power method with only a one-fifth elapsed time. In the experiments we have conducted, we have achieved accuracy levels up to 75 %.

International Affairsand ‘the nuclear age’, 1946-2013

The article reflects on the distinguished record of publication, in around 130 articles over nearly seventy years, on nuclear politics in International Affairs. Although constituting a small drop in the torrent of writings on nuclear matters since 1945, it can fairly be regarded as the most significant contribution to nuclear discourse by any journal outside the United States. The articles published in International Affairs have covered a wide range of issues including nuclear deterrence and strategy, arms control, non-proliferation and disarmament, and the policies—and drivers of policy—of countries, in particular the UK and US. Authors have included P. M. S. Blackett, Wyn Bowen, Alastair Buchan, Hedley Bull, Pierre Hassner, Michael Howard, Rebecca Johnson, Michael MccGwire, Michael Quinlan, Nick Ritchie, John Simpson and David Yost. The discussion concludes with Ian Smart's article of 1975 in which he contemplates the nature of the ‘nuclear age’ and its persistence or passing, and comments on governments’ ‘fatuous’ attachment of prestige value to nuclear weapons.

Arsenical copper and bronze in Middle Bronze Age burial sites of southern Portugal: the first bronzes in Southwestern Iberia

Middle Bronze Age was a transition period in Iberia, characterised by the emergence of bronzes after more than a millennium of a conservative metallurgy of copper with arsenic. Despite its importance there are no relevant studies on MBA metallurgy in Southwestern Iberia due to the absence, until recently, of known settlements and the scarcity of metals. However, recent archaeological excavations have brought to light important finds dated to the SW Iberian Bronze Age such as new burial monuments and open settlements. About 50 artefacts from hypogea, cists and domestic contexts (pits) from Torre Velha 3 (Serpa) and Monte da Cabida 3 (Évora) were analysed by micro-EDXRF, reflected light microscopy, SEM–EDS and Vickers microhardness testing. Radiocarbon dating of their archaeological contexts established a chronology of ∼1900–1300 cal BC. Despite presenting different burial practices both sites share the almost exclusive use of arsenical coppers (4.1 ± 1.0 and 4.2 ± 1.5 wt.% As, respectively). However, few awls and a dagger from Torre Velha 3 are among the earliest evidence of bronze in SW Iberia, being dated to the second quarter of the 2nd Millennium BC. These bronzes are similar (9.6 ± 1.2 wt.% Sn) to LBA alloys suggesting trade with a region with a developed bronze metallurgy. The emergence of bronze in SW Iberia during the first half of the 2nd Millennium BC points to an earlier introduction or a more rapid expansion than initially assumed. Nevertheless, these arsenical coppers and bronzes display a similar manufacture involving hammering and annealing cycles. A final hammering increased the hardness, which could be higher for bronzes. Arsenical coppers display variable operational conditions often with poorer thermomechanical work as expected from a prehistoric technology. A bronze dagger with silver rivets evidences the prestige value of early bronzes to MBA communities. Similarly, an arsenical copper dagger with silver coloured rivets shows the ability of MBA metallurgists to replicate prestige objects with indigenous knowledge.

Painter as scribe: artistic identity and the arts of graphē in late Byzantium

The article investigates several instances in which Late Byzantine fresco-painters adopted a strategy of self-presentation associated specifically with scribes. The painter John in the church of Saint Demetrios at Peć, Kosovo (early 1320s), the painter Leontios in the church of the Virgin tou Arakos at Lagoudera, Cyprus (mid-fourteenth century), the painter Makarios in the church of the Dormition at Ljubostinja, Serbia (between 1406 and 1408), and most likely also the painter Michael Astrapas in the church of the Virgin Peribleptos at Ohrid, Macedonia (1294/1295), signed their works in Greek by using formulae of the type commonly found in scribal subscriptions. Through the choice of colophon-like signatures, these painters consciously styled themselves as scribes. The article explores this self-identifying gesture by placing it against the background of Byzantine ideas about painting and writing, the two arts of graphē, and the social prestige and cultural value attached to each of them. It is argued that the assertion of the affinity between painting and pencraft, which underlies the notion of painter-as-scribe, did more than simply rehearse the centuries-old argument about the equivalence of words and pictures. Rather, it proclaimed the authority of the painter’s art and affirmed its elevated status among human pursuits and, more specifically, its participation in the privileged domain of logos.

(In)satisfação dos valores laborais e estresse: análise de um modelo moderacional

O presente estudo objetivou testar um modelo empírico que investiga o poder moderacional da idade e do nível hierárquico sobre a relação entre a (in)satisfação dos valores do trabalho e o estresse psíquico. Para tal, aplicou-se a 220 trabalhadores uma adaptação da Escala de Valores Relativos ao Trabalho e o Questionário de Saúde Geral de Goldberg - dimensão do estresse psíquico. A análise de regressão múltipla apontou relação positiva entre estresse psíquico e a insatisfação do valor realização. Já a relação entre insatisfação do valor prestígio e estresse, moderada pela idade, foi negativa, ou seja, entre os mais jovens, a satisfação da busca por exercer autoridade, obter sucesso profissional e poder de influência no trabalho coincidiu com maior propensão ao estresse. Na discussão são consideradas as contribuições e limitações do presente estudo.

Journals' impact and pecking order: tyranny and tyrannosaurs

Journals' impact and pecking order: tyranny and tyrannosaurs

SCRIPT WITHOUT BUDDHISM: BURMESE INFLUENCE ON THE TAY (SHAN) SCRIPT OF MÄNG2 MAAW2 AS SEEN IN A CHINESE SCROLL PAINTING OF 1407

This article substantiates for the first time that Tay (Shan) script was written on a Ming dynasty scroll dated 1407. In the past, Tay scholars have assumed that early Tay script exhibited uniquely Tay characteristics from the outset, and only gradually acquired Burmese features after the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The data presented here demonstrates beyond doubt that the Tay borrowed heavily from the Burmese script to create their writing system before the fifteenth century. It also shows that the 1407 Tay script resembled the Ahom script more than the lik6 tho3 ngök6 script, and on the basis of this similarity concludes that lik6 tho3 ngök6 was not the progenitor of Tay scripts, as previously thought, and that the Ahom script preceded it.The impact of Burmese script on the Tay writing system from the outset raises the broader issue of borrowing from Burman culture during the Pagan and early Ava periods. The Tay of Mäng2 Maaw2 and surrounding polities turned to Pagan and Ava for a written script, but shunned Theravada Buddhism, the religious apparatus that we assume always accompanied the spread of writing. Their adoption of a writing system stands out as a rare case of script without Buddhism in northern continental Southeast Asia. To the Tay, Pagan and Ava were dominant political powers worthy of emulation, and the adoption of their writing system attests the magnitude of its influence. It is hypothesized that such borrowing arose out of Tay aspirations for self-strengthening their polities, possibly in an endeavour to rival the Burman monarchy. Tay script emerged in an age when the Burman language had just become predominant among the elites of Pagan and early Ava. Two features of this case stand out. First, the Tay borrowed at a time when Burmese script was relatively novel and still the preserve of the Burman elite, a fact which reinforces the notion of borrowing for prestige value as well as practical utility. Second, the Tay gravitated towards the northern parts of Pagan and Ava, rather than the southern areas where Mon language retained predominance in inscriptions.

Sentiments of Disdain and Practices of Distinction: Boundary-Work, Subjectivity, and Value in the Hindi Film Industry

This article complicates the discussion of commercial mass media production and takes it beyond simplistic assertions of the “bottom-line” by focusing on a specific feature of the everyday life of film production in Mumbai, India, home to the Hindi-language film industry, and more commonly known as “Bollywood.” It examines the inordinate amount of criticism and contempt expressed by Hindi filmmakers about the workings of the industry as well as filmmakers’ efforts to assert their difference from a generic norm—ranging from discourses about behavior to a fetishization of technology. These sentiments and discourses operate as a form of “boundary-work,” which serves to create alternate regimes of value and criteria of prestige that are independent of commercial outcome. The article also demonstrates how it is possible to carry out ethnographic research within large-scale media industries that addresses core anthropological concerns about subjectivity, social life, and social practice. It illustrates how the sites and processes of media production, and not simply the finished outcomes, are invested with social and cultural meaning.

Portraying fitting values in job advertisements

PurposeThis paper aims to use the signaling theory and the person‐organization fit framework as a rationale to study value‐related information prospective applicants receive from employers through the communication in job ads.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyzed the content of 1,768 job advertisements published in two national and two regional Dutch‐speaking magazines in Belgium. Four independent judges coded all information in the offer section and categorized it into five content categories adopted from Lyons and colleagues. Since important sectoral distinctions exist in terms of structural‐operational as well as value‐related characteristics, this study examines how profit and nonprofit organizations portray themselves in the offer section of the job advertisements they send out.FindingsGenerally inconsistent with the authors' assumptions, the results show that intrinsic and prestige values are more intensively reported in job ads from the profit sector, whereas altruistic and extrinsic values are brought up more in job ads from the nonprofit sector. However, because nonprofit organizations print smaller, often non‐colored ads in the national language, additional analyses controlling for these factors confirmed only one of the sectoral differences. Nonprofit organizations seem to compensate for values that are obvious in their sector (i.e. altruistic and intrinsic) by more intensively emphasizing extrinsic values (e.g. insurance and fringe benefits) compared to profit organizations.Originality/valueOnly part of the information provided in the earliest phase of the recruitment process reflects the values one would expect based on organizational theory and empirical evidence. This, obviously, engenders an important threat to the establishment of person‐organization fit.

The Quants’ Impact on Management Education - And What We Might Do About It: A History-Framed Essay Rethinking the MBA Program

“I often say that when you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind; it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely in your thoughts advanced to the state of Science, whatever the matter may be.” Baron William Thomson Kelvin (1824-1907) - From 'Electrical Units of Measurement', a lecture delivered at the Institution of Civil Engineers, London (3 May 1883). “The saying often quoted from Lord Kelvin (though the substance, I believe, is much older) that where you cannot measure your knowledge is meagre and unsatisfactory, as applied in mental and social science, is misleading and pernicious. This is another way of saying that these sciences are not sciences in the sense of physical science, and cannot attempt to be such, without forfeiting their proper nature and function. Insistence on a concretely quantitative economics means the use of statistics of physical magnitudes, whose economic meaning and significance is uncertain and dubious. (Even ‘wheat’ is approximately homogeneous only measured in economic terms.) And a similar statement would apply even more to other social sciences. In this field, the Kelvin dictum very largely means in practice, if you cannot measure, measure anyhow! That is, one either performs some other operation and calls it measurement or measures something else instead of what is ostensibly under discussion, and usually not a social phenomena. To call averaging estimates, or guesses, measurement seems to be merely embezzling a word for its prestige value. And it might be pointed out also that in the field of human interests and relationships much of our most important knowledge is inherently non-quantitative, and could not conceivably be put in quantitative form without being destroyed. Perhaps we do not know that our friends really are our friends; in any case an attempt to measure their friendship would hardly make the knowledge either more certain or more ‘satisfactory’! Knight F. H. 1940. What is Truth in Economics? Journal of Political Economy 48(1):18n