Moderate Values Research Articles

Application of Religious Harmony Values to Students of State Integrated Junior High School of Balaesang Tanjung

The aim of study is to discussed the application of religious harmony values to students of State Integrated Junior High School of Balaesang Tanjung. This research adopts a qualitative approach. Qualitative research is characterized by collecting descriptive data, including the informants' words, actions, and feelings, who serve as the needed data sources. This study found that In implementing the values ​​of religious moderation at State Integrated Junior High School Balaesang Tanjung, namely through the principal’s policy followed by all teachers, especially Islamic religious education teachers at State Integrated Junior High School Balaesang Tanjung implementing the principles of religious moderation in every lesson, which includes the attitude of taking the middle path (tawassuth), straight and firm (i’tidāl), balance (tawāzun), tolerance (tasāmuh), egalitarian (musāwah), deliberation (syurā). The impact of implementing the values ​​of religious moderation at State Integrated Junior High School Balaesang Tanjung is that it has a positive effect on students, including growing an attitude of mutual understanding towards each other regardless of religion, being able to show an attitude of awareness and honesty, and not worrying about differences

District-wise evaluation of meteorological factors and outdoor thermal comfort in India using UTCI – Insight into future climatic scenario

The study aims to comprehensively analyze outdoor meteorological conditions and thermal comfort across 592 districts in India, addressing the critical issues of thermal comfort which significantly impacts health, well-being and productivity. Given the anticipated global warming, understanding these factors becomes crucial, particularly for low-income populations who spend considerable time outdoors. While most previous studies in India have focused on indoor environments or on broad climatic regions, our research provides a granular analysis at the district level, incorporating future climate scenarios from 2050 to 2080. Using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), our findings reveal that the northwestern part of India experiences ‘Strong’ to ‘Extreme’ heat stress, with temperatures exceeding 50 °C, while the Himalayan regions face ‘Strong’ cold stress, with temperatures dropping below -20 °C. The geographical distribution of UTCI classes shows that the western and central regions suffer from high thermal stress during summer afternoons, whereas coastal areas, benefiting from higher relative humidity and wind speeds, exhibit moderate UTCI values. The Himalayan regions consistently present lower UTCI values, indicating colder conditions. We have developed a district-wise climate atlas of India, mapping key environmental parameters and the outdoor thermal stress of UTCI values. The main objective of this study is to provide localized insights into how climate change will affect outdoor thermal comfort, facilitating informed decision-making for public health planning, energy infrastructure, and climate adaptation strategies across India.

Exploring Genetic Variability, Trait Associations and Path Coefficient Analysis in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) to Advance Breeding Strategies

The experiment was conducted at seed breeding farm, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India during the rabi season (November, 2019–April, 2020) to estimate the parameters of genetic variability, assess the correlation among traits, and estimate direct and indirect effects. The ANOVA revealed that the mean sum of squares due to genotypes was highly significant for all the traits. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters. High values of phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation were observed for most of the traits, while moderate values of phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation were recorded for 100 seed weight, pod length, days to 50% flowering and days to first flower opening. High heritability with high genetic advance as a % of mean was recorded for most of the traits. Moderate heritability and high genetic advance were recorded for the number of primary branches plant-1, secondary branches plant-1 and pod length, indicating the control of additive gene action. Meanwhile, high heritability with moderate genetic advance for days to maturity showed non-additive gene action. Correlation coefficients and path analysis for phenological and quantitative traits indicated that the most important traits are number of seeds plant-1, number of effective pods plant-1, biological yield plant-1 and harvest index. Hence, directional selection through these traits may effectively improve seed yield and its attributes.

Settling of two rigidly connected spheres

Laboratory experiments and particle-resolved simulations are employed to investigate the settling dynamics of a pair of rigidly connected spherical particles of unequal size. They yield a detailed picture of the transient evolution and the terminal values of the aggregate's orientation angle and its settling and drift velocities as functions of the aspect ratio and the Galileo number $Ga$ , which denotes the ratio of buoyancy and viscous forces acting on the aggregate. At low to moderate values of $Ga$ , the aggregate's orientation and velocity converge to their terminal values monotonically, whereas for higher $Ga$ -values the aggregate tends to undergo a more complex motion. If the aggregate assumes an asymmetric terminal orientation, it displays a non-zero terminal drift velocity. For diameter ratios much larger than one and small $Ga$ , the terminal orientation of the aggregate becomes approximately vertical, whereas when $Ga$ is sufficiently large for flow separation to occur, the aggregate orients itself such that the smaller sphere is located at the separation line. Empirical scaling laws are obtained for the terminal settling velocity and orientation angle as functions of the aspect ratio and $Ga$ for diameter ratios from 1 to 4 and particle-to-fluid density ratios from 1.3 to 5. An analysis of the accompanying flow field shows the formation of vortical structures exhibiting complex topologies in the aggregate's wake, and indicates the formation of a horizontal pressure gradient across the larger sphere, which represents the main reason for the emergence of the drift velocity.

Genetic diversity of salmonid fishes in the eastern part of the Onega Peninsula, Northern European Russia

The Onega Peninsula in the White Sea, north-western Russia, is a habitat for ecologically and economically significant salmonid species, i.e. Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758 and brown trout S. trutta Linnaeus, 1758 (Salmoninae). However, these populations are currently understudied in terms of molecular approach. In this work, we assessed the genetic diversity and differentiation of S. salar and S. trutta from the eastern part of the Onega Peninsula based on mitochondrial (COI and cytb) and nuclear (RAG1) markers. We also traced a phylogeographic pattern of these species. Populations of brown trout in the studied watercourses mainly share low haplotype and nucleotide diversity, with the exception of the moderate values in the Gosdarea River. In turn, Atlantic salmon in the Ust’-Yaren’ga River has higher genetic diversity than brown trout. Our study reveals great importance of conservation measures and monitoring, as well as parasite pressure control, especially for brown trout, in the eastern part of the Onega Peninsula.

Multidimensional Curriculum Development and Management Model for Pesantren: A Strategic Approach to Counteract Radicalism

Amid the threat of radicalism and terrorism in Indonesia, Islamic boarding schools are often viewed as breeding grounds for radical groups. This study examines the multidimensional approach in the curriculum of Pondok Pesantren Darul Ishlah Tulang Bawang, Indonesia, to counter radicalism. A case study design involving in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation was employed for this study. The results of this study indicate the need for the integration of moderate values in the pesantren curriculum and activities. This included the enrichment of materials related to life skills. This study also underlines the importance of professionalism in the development of pesantren management through public involvement and technology integration. In addition, regulatory strengthening, government supervision, and cooperation between pesantrens and related institutions are other substantial findings of the study. This multidimensional approach is relevant to prevent pesantrens from becoming hotbeds of radicalism. This encourages the generation of peace agents. A detailed elaboration of efforts to prevent radicalism and terrorism in Indonesia through the pesantren curriculum and management is provided in the study.

Estimating Chlorophyll-a and Phycocyanin Concentrations in Inland Temperate Lakes across New York State Using Sentinel-2 Images: Application of Google Earth Engine for Efficient Satellite Image Processing

Harmful algae blooms (HABs) have been reported with greater frequency in lakes across New York State (NYS) in recent years. In situ sampling is used to assess water quality, but such observations are time intensive and therefore practically limited in their spatial extent. Previous research has used remote sensing imagery to estimate phytoplankton pigments (typically chlorophyll-a or phycocyanin) as HAB indicators. The primary goal of this study was to validate a remote sensing-based method to estimate cyanobacteria concentrations at high temporal (5 days) and spatial (10–20 m) resolution, to allow identification of lakes across NYS at a significant risk of algal blooms, thereby facilitating targeted field investigations. We used Google Earth Engine (GEE) as a cloud computing platform to develop an efficient methodology to process Sentinel-2 image collections at a large spatial and temporal scale. Our research used linear regression to model the correlation between in situ observations of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and phycocyanin and indices derived from Sentinel-2 data to evaluate the potential of remote sensing-derived inputs for estimating cyanobacteria concentrations. We tested the performance of empirical models based on seven remote-sensing-derived indices, two in situ measurements, two cloud mitigation approaches, and three temporal sampling windows across NYS lakes for 2019 and 2020. Our best base model (R2 of 0.63), using concurrent sampling data and the ESA cloud masking—i.e., the QA60 bitmask—approach, related the maximum peak height (MPH) index to phycocyanin concentrations. Expanding the temporal match using a one-day time window increased the available training dataset size and improved the fit of the linear regression model (R2 of 0.71), highlighting the positive impact of increasing the training dataset on model fit. Applying the Cloud Score+ method for filtering cloud and cloud shadows further improved the fit of the phycocyanin estimation model, with an R2 of 0.84, but did not result in substantial improvements in the model’s application. The fit of the Chl-a models was generally poorer, but these models still had good accuracy in detecting moderate and high Chl-a values. Future work will focus on exploring alternative algorithms that can incorporate diverse data sources and lake characteristics, contributing to a deeper understanding of the relationship between remote sensing data and water quality parameters. This research provides a valuable tool for cyanobacteria parameter estimation with confidence quantification to identify lakes at risk of algal blooms.

Fluid flow between two parallel active plates

This paper investigates the fluid flow phenomenon arising from the combined action of two parallel plates, which can expand/squeeze, absorb/inject, and stretch/shrink at different rates. These physical mechanisms are incorporated into the governing unsteady Navier–Stokes equations, which are then reduced to a fourth-order nonlinear differential equation with boundary conditions reflecting the imposed wall constraints. By letting the permeable Reynolds number (controlling the nonlinear convective terms) limit to zero, we demonstrate the existence of exact solutions expressed in terms of advanced mathematical functions. Additionally, in the absence of wall expansion/contraction, elementary exponential solutions are obtained under particular relationships between the stretching/shrinking and permeability parameters. A shear-like exact solution with broader applicability across various physical parameters is also identified. For moderate values of the expansion/squeezing parameters and permeable Reynolds numbers, we propose an efficient double-expansion perturbation analysis to approximate the flow behavior. Otherwise, for general physical parameters, a comprehensive mathematical analysis is provided and numerical simulations are employed to extract insights into the complex fluid motion between the parallel plates.

Two-Step Chirality Transfer to Twisted Assemblies: Synergistic Interplay of Chiral and Aggregation Interactions.

Chirality plays a pivotal role in both the origin of life and the self-assembly of materials. However, the governing principles behind chirality transfer in hierarchical self-assembly across multiple length scales remain elusive. Here, we propose a concise and versatile simulation strategy using the patchy particle chain model to investigate the self-assembly of rods interacting through chiral and aggregation interactions. We reveal that chiral interaction possessing an entropic nature, amplifies the fluctuations and twists in the alignment of rods, while aggregation interaction serves as a foundational platform for aggregation and assembly. When both interactions exhibit moderate absolute and relative values, their synergistic interplay facilitates the chirality transfer from rods to assemblies, resulting in the formation of chiral mesoscale ordered structures. Furthermore, we observe a two-step chirality transfer process by monitoring the formation kinetics of the twisted assemblies. This work not only provides a comprehensive insight into chirality transfer mechanisms, but also introduces a versatile mesoscale simulation framework for exploring the role of chirality in hierarchical self-assembly.

Dynamics of Thrombogenicity and Platelet Function and Correlation with Bleeding Risk in Patients Undergoing M-TEER Using the PASCAL System.

Transcatheter mitral valve repair is performed in a patient population at risk for thrombotic and bleeding events. The effects on platelet function and reactivity and their association with bleeding events after mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge therapy (M-TEER) have not been systematically examined. We sought to investigate the association of different parameters of platelet function and thrombogenicity with bleeding events post M-TEER. In this single-center study, 100 consecutive patients with mitral regurgitation receiving TEER were analyzed. Blood was taken directly from the guide-catheter in the left atrium before and after placing the device. Blood samples were analyzed using impedance aggregometry (Multiplate) and TEG6s. The results were compared pre- and postprocedural. The primary outcome was any bleeding complication according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium classification within 6 months. A total of 41 patients experienced bleeding events. TEG analysis showed a significant decrease in ADP aggregation and increase in ADP inhibition. In ROC-analysis, TEG ADP aggregation and inhibition and Multiplate ADP aggregation showed moderate predictive values for bleeding events. The delta-ADP-Test (Multiplate) showed the strongest prediction of bleeding (area under the curve: 0.69). Adding platelet function and TEG markers to a model of clinical bleeding risk factors improved the prediction for bleeding events. This study indicates that thrombogenicity might be affected immediately after M-TEER probably due to changes in flow conditions. In particular, platelet aggregation involving the ADP receptor pathway significantly correlated with postprocedural bleeding events. Whether these results could guide peri-interventional antithrombotic therapy and improve peri- and postprocedural outcome requires further investigation.

Pengabdian Masyarakat Berbasis Moderasi Beragama: Upaya Pencegahan Perundungan di SMP Negeri 1 Wonotunggal

The socialization program "Stop Bullying: Stop the Hate and Let's Spread the Love" is part of the Real Work Lecture (KKN) activities carried out at SMP Negeri 1 Wonotunggal, Wonotunggal Village, Wonotunggal District, Batang Regency. This program aims to increase students' awareness of the dangers of bullying and promote a harmonious friendship environment without violence. Through lecture methods, discussions and interactive activities such as positive affirmation and express yourself sessions, students are encouraged to understand the impact of bullying and how to prevent it. The implementation of the values of religious moderation in this program emphasizes the importance of respecting differences, rejecting violence, and building solidarity among students. The results of this program show active participation from students and support from the school in efforts to prevent bullying, with the hope of creating a safe and comfortable school environment for all students.

Spatiotemporal distribution of air quality dynamics and health risks study during 2019–2021 lockdown in urban and industrial cities of West Bengal, India

Globally, air pollution is the second most common cause of mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs), after tobacco smoking. Breathing polluted air has potential to cause a diverse array of health problems. This study comprehensively investigates the health risk of different areas of the population mainly industrial and urban belt by using AIRQ + health risk assessment model. This study also analyzes the spatiotemporal distribution of air quality in industrial and urban areas and correlation study was conducted between air pollutants and meteorological factors with episodic influences mainly lockdown phases. In Kolkata, Howrah, Asansol and Siliguri, the average Air quality index (AQI) varied from satisfactory (51–100) to moderate (101–200) values. The poor (201−300) to very poor (301−400) air quality observed in January, February, November and December month of the year. The higher AQI observed in the study area in winter season as compared to summer season. In the lockdown period overall air quality was improved. The meteorological factors, including rainfall and temperature played a crucial role in influencing air quality in this area. The regression analysis indicates a significant negative association between temperature and the following pollutants: PM2.5 (β = − 4.91, p < 0.01), PM10 (β = − 8.27, p < 0.01), NO2 (β = − 2.10, p < 0.01), NOx (β = − 4.05, p < 0.01), CO (β = − 0.04, p < 0.01), and SO2 (β = − 0.45, p < 0.01). The number of attributable cases of long-term PM2.5 exposure mortality due to lung cancer, stroke, IHD and COPD in four cities were 1132, 3969, 4381 and 974 in Kolkata; 1454, 4913, 5327 and 1221 in Howrah; 154, 531, 581 and 131 for Asansol; 137, 474, 520 and 117 in Siliguri respectively. IHD is the leading cause for mortality in the study area. The long-term effects of PM10 such as chronic bronchitis in adults and post-neonatal infant mortality were 30,860 and 738,450 in Kolkata, 53,961 and 898,920 in Howrah, 3782 and 89,460 in Asansol, and 3293 and 76,331 in Siliguri respectively. These study findings help policymakers, stakeholders and governments to take early action to reduce the effects of air pollution and implement interventions for the well-being of the population.

Exploring the validity of perceived velocity in lower-limb resistance exercises with a cluster-set configuration

This feasibility study aimed to explore the relationship between mean propulsive velocity (MPV) and a scale of perceived velocity (SPV) in back-squat and deadlift exercises performed with heavy loads during a cluster-sets resistance training (CS-RT). Twelve resistance trained males (24.1[2.94] years; 80.7[9.05] kg; 172[4.7] cm; 19.1[6.17] %BF; 4.71[2.72] years of training experience) participated. Participants visited the laboratory three times, spaced 72 to 96 hours. Load-velocity profiles for each exercise were measured in first visit. During the second and third visits, participants engaged in CS-RT sessions with different intra-set rest period (20 vs 40 seconds, randomly), and consisted of three sets of squat and deadlift exercises at 80%1-RM. Each set concluded upon reaching a 10% velocity loss on two occasions. Bayesian Pearson correlation coefficients (r), 95% credible intervals (95%CrI) and Bayes factors (BF10) were computed to assess the relationship between variables. A low positive correlation was observed between MPV and SPV in deadlift (r=0.368, 95%CrI [0.144, 0.544]), with strong evidence supporting the alternative hypothesis (BF10=20.7). Interestingly, moderate correlation values were observed in the 40-second CS-RT configuration (r=0.47, 95%CrI [0.144, 0.544]) and in the first set of the deadlift (r=0.44, 95%CrI [0.118, 0.654]). Conversely, a negligible Bayesian correlation was identified for squat (r=0.101, 95%CrI [-0.132, 0.319]), with substantial evidence favoring the null hypothesis (BF10=0.208). In conclusion, a positive correlation between MPV and SPV in deadlift during a CS-RT configuration, indicating potential utility for perceived velocity. However, velocity feedback prior SPV use and validity for squatting warrants further investigation. Keywords: Strength training, Perception, Powerlifting, Physical performance, Cluster training.

Mapping the heterogeneous removal landscape of wastewater virome in effluents of different advanced wastewater treatment systems of swine farm

In advanced wastewater treatment plants on pig farms, meticulous design aims to eliminate intrinsic pollutants such as organic matter, heavy metals, and biological contaminants. In our field survey across Southern China, a notable disparity in wastewater treatment procedures among various farming facilities lies in the utilization of terminal chemical oxidation post-sedimentation tank. However, recent focus in wastewater surveillance has predominantly centered on antibiotic resistance genes, leaving the efficacy of virus removal in different effluent systems largely unexplored. To profile virus composition at the effluent, assess the virus elimination efficiency of chemical oxidation at the effluent end, and the potential environmental driver of virus abundance, we deployed a meta-transcriptomics approach to first determine the total virome in effluent specimens of terminal clean water tank system (CWT) and terminal chemical oxidation system (TCO) in Southern China pig farms, respectively. From these data, 172 viruses were identified, with a median reads per million (RPM) of 27,789 in CWT and 19,982 in TCO. Through the integration of analyses encompassing the co-occurrence patterns within viral communities, the ecology of viral diversity, and a comparative assessment of average variation degrees, we have empirically demonstrated that the procedure of TCO may perturb viral communities and diminish their abundance, particularly impacting RNA viral communities. However, despite the diminished abundance, pathogenic viruses such as PEDV and PRRSV persisted in the effluent following chemical deoxidation at a moderate RPM value, indicating a substantial in situ presence at effluent. Our environmental driver modeling, employing GLM and mantel tests, substantiated the intricate nature of virus community variation within the effluent, influenced heterogeneously by diverse factors. Notably, pond temperature emerged as the foremost determinant, while fishing farming exhibited a positive correlation with virus diversity (p < 0.05). This revelation of the cryptic persistence of virus communities in wastewater effluent expands our understanding of the varied responses of different virus categories to oxidation. Such insights transcend mere virus characterization, offering valuable implications for enhancing biosafety measures in farming practices and informing wastewater-based epidemiological surveillance.

(Nd,Sm,La)-Fe-B-based hot-deformed magnets with excellent comprehensive properties for variable flux permanent magnet motors

An emerging motor type, the variable flux permanent magnet (VFPM) motor, has created a demand for permanent magnets with a new set of properties. These magnets must exhibit easily tunable magnetization, demanding for moderate coercivity values, low magnetizing fields, and first-order reversal curves (FORCs) with high flatness. In this work, we report that the doping of Sm and La in Nd-Fe-B-based hot-deformed magnet, followed by the Nd-Cu diffusion process, resulted in desirable magnetic properties, such as, a moderate coercivity (µ0Hc) of 0.55 T, a low magnetizing field (µ0Hmag) of 0.94 T and a high FORC flatness of 0.96, while maintaining a high remanence (µ0Mr) of 1.3 T. The FORC flatness achieved in this work is the highest and the comprehensive properties are superior to the previously reported Nd-Fe-B magnets for VFPM motors. Microscopic investigations revealed that the high flatness achieved in this hot-deformed magnet is attributed to the formation of Fe-lean thick intergranular phases realized by Nd-Cu grain boundary diffusion. The overall combination of the magnetic properties for the diffusion processed (Nd,Sm,La)-Fe-B magnet is excellent, in comparison with a commercially available Sm2Co17-type magnet, showing the promise of the former for use in VFPM motors.

Moderasi Beragama dan Inovasi Pembelajaran di Pasraman Lombok Tengah

Nonformal Pasraman, as a Hindu religious educational institution, plays a crucial role in enhancing the faith and devotion of Hindu adherents. However, it faces various challenges that impact the quality of learning. This study analyzes the implementation and development of religious moderation values in the curriculum and materials of Pasraman, the role of Pasraman in implementing moderation, and the potential development of Hindu-based learning models. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing data from observations, interviews, and documentation from all Pasraman in Central Lombok. The data were reduced, displayed, and verificated narratively. The findings indicate that religious moderation values in Pasraman are indirectly taught through Hindu teachings such as Dharma, Tat Twam Asi, and Tri Hita Karana, which support the role of Pasraman in moderation. This role is further strengthened through the optimal application of the Tri Kaya Parisudha teachings by the acaryas. Pasraman possesses advantages in terms of demography, foundation licenses, and Hindu teachings that support character formation. However, it also faces weaknesses, such as limited teaching staff, facilities, and management. Potential development includes the provision of teaching materials, learning methods, and the establishment of district-level organizations as discussion forums.

The Enigma of Basilar Artery Dissections Secondary to Vasospasm Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Exploration of the Unknown Effect of Superior Cervical Ganglia: A Preliminary Experimental Study.

Life-threatening basilar artery dissection (BAD) can be seen following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but it is not clear whether SAH causes dissection, or not. This study aims to investigate the relationship between degenerative changes in the superior cervical ganglia and the dissection rate of the basilar artery. In this study, after 3 weeks of experimental SAH, animals were decapitated. Eighteen rabbits were divided into three groups according to their vasospasm indices. The basilar arteries were examined by anatomical and histopathologic methods. Basilar dissection with high vasospasm index (VSI) value (VSI > 3) was detected in six animals (group I); severe basilar edema and moderate VSI value (>2.4) were detected in seven rabbits (group II); and slight VSI value (<1.5) was detected in five subjects (group III). The degenerated neuron densities of the superior cervical ganglia were 12 ± 4 n/mm3 in group I, 41 ± 8 n/mm3 in group II, and 276 ± 78 n/mm3 in group III. The dissected surface values/lumen values were calculated as (42 ± 1)/(64 ± 11) in G-I, (21 ± 6)/(89 ± 17) in group II, and (3 ± 1)/(102 ± 24) in group III. If we look at these ratios as a percentage, it was 62% in group I, 23% in group II, and 5% in group III. Inverse relationship between the degenerated neuron densities of the superior cervical ganglia and the dissected surface values of the basilar artery was observed. Common knowledge is that BAD may lead to SAH; however, this study indicates that SAH is the cause of BAD.

Effects of different rootstocks on the growth and yield characteristics of Papazkarası (Vitis vinifera L.)

Rootstocks, which are becoming increasingly important in viticulture, influence the growth, yield, and grape quality of the grafted variety. Therefore, understanding the resistance characteristics of rootstocks to phylloxera, nematodes, environmental conditions, and abiotic and biotic stresses is crucial. Selecting a rootstock that is appropriate for the region where the vineyard will be established optimizes grape quality. The aim of this research is to determine the performance of the cv. Papazkarası on different rootstocks. For this purpose, an experiment was established at Irem Çamlica Viticulture and Winery Co. vineyard in Kırklareli province. Ten-year-old Papazkarası vines grafted onto 1103P, 110R, and 420A rootstocks were used as plant material. To determine the growth of the vines, parameters such as shoot elongation rate (cm/week), shoot length changings (cm), pruning wood weight (PW) (kg/vine), vigor (g), puissance, number of buds per square meter (number), balanced pruning buds number (number/vine), vegetative growth (VG), Ravaz Index (RI), Partridge Index (PI), and yield (kg/vine) were examined. Additionally, to determine cluster characteristics, cluster width and length (cm), weight (g), and the volume of gappy and spaceless clusters (cm³) were measured. The results of the research indicated that the 1103P rootstock had the lowest yield, puissance, RI, PI, and VG values; moderate values for PW, vigor, number of shoots, number of berries per cluster, and cluster length; and the highest values for cluster weight, the volume of gappy and spaceless clusters. The 110R rootstock was found to be more balanced compared to other rootstocks, with the highest values for vigor, RI, and PI; average values for yield, puissance, and VG; and the lowest values for PW, number of shoots, number of berries per cluster, cluster length, weight, and the volume of gappy and spaceless clusters. The 420A rootstock had the highest values for yield, PW, VG, number of shoots, number of berries per cluster, and cluster width and length; average values for RI, PI, cluster weight, and the volume of gappy and spaceless clusters; and the lowest value for one-year-old cane weight. In conclusion, based on the characteristics outlined, a selection can be made from these rootstocks according to cultivation purposes, but other rootstocks should also be investigated.

Physical and mechanical characterization of solid waste collected from rural areas of China: Experimental study

To support the landfill design and waste management in rural areas of China, solid waste covering eight provisional regions was collected and tested in the laboratory to characterize its physical properties (composition, moisture content, specific gravity, dry unit weight) and mechanical properties (compressibility and shear strength). The results show that, compared with solid wastes from urban areas (MSW), solid waste from rural areas (RSW) comprised a much lower content of soil-like, gravel, and inert waste and a significantly higher content of combustible waste, thereby yielding a much lower specific gravity and dry unit weight. Similar to MSW, the compression index of RSW correlated well with its physical properties. However, its strength properties displayed divergence. Notably, the friction angle φ' of RSW remained relatively consistent, ranging from 28.4° to 30.9°. This narrow range is attributed to RSW's higher combustible-to-inert (CI) ratio compared to MSW. The cohesion intercept c' of RSW ranged from 13.5 to 24.9 kPa, showing a positive correlation with the fiber content without considering contribution from paper waste. This finding combined with data from the literature further revealed that the trend of increasing cohesion intercept with increasing fiber content became weakened over time. Relationships between φ' and c' versus C/I for RSW observed in this study will serve as an extension to the existing finding reported for MSW in the literature, i.e., for predominately combustible waste with C/I exceeding 10, constant values of strength parameters (i.e., moderate values φ' = 30°, c' = 20 kPa) are recommended. The results of this study are useful for the capacity design and slope stability analysis of landfills as well as waste recycle and reuse, ensuring a sustainable development of environment in China.

CO2 trapping dynamics in tight sandstone: Insights into trapping mechanisms in Mae Moh's reservoir

The reliance on fossil fuels is a major contributor to increased anthropogenic CO2 emissions, driving global challenges such as climate change through the greenhouse effect. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a promising interdisciplinary technology aimed at mitigating these emissions by securely sequestering gigatons of CO2. This study focuses on the feasibility of storing point-source CO2 emissions in saline formations, with a particular emphasis on the Mae Moh coal-fired power plant in Lampang, Thailand, which is located near its associated coal mine. The region presents challenges due to tight sandstone reservoirs buried over 2000 m deep. With reservoir simulation, this study evaluates the impact of various factors on CO2 containment and trapping in these geological settings. Results show that elevated temperatures decrease structural trapping of 43.0%–28.9% and increase solubility trapping of 28.55%–46.5%, at 40 °C and 80 °C respectively. Hysteresis is found to enhance residual trapping by immobilizing up to 31.1% of CO2 within pore spaces at 0.5. Permeability heterogeneity has a minimal impact on overall trapping efficiency due to the less heterogeneity of the tight sandstone. However, the kV/kH ratio significantly influences vertical CO2 migration which resulted in residual trapping at its highest at the ratio of 0.1, while lower ratios support lateral dispersion. Moderate rock compressibility values are identified as optimal for structural and residual trapping, while extreme compressibility enhances solubility trapping by up to 30%. These findings emphasize the complexity of CO2 trapping mechanisms in tight sandstone formations, emphasizing the need for careful consideration of key factors in CCS projects.