Loss Values Research Articles

An outlier identification method based on parallel clustering and the Adaboost algorithm for power multi-source heterogeneous data

Abstract Influenced by the diversity of data scheduling and the multi-level differentiation of data distribution, the multi-source heterogeneous data of electric power have serious deviations in space and time scheduling, which makes it difficult to identify outliers. Therefore, a method for identifying outliers of multi-source heterogeneous data of electric power based on parallel clustering and the Adaboost algorithm is proposed. A sampling node model of heterogeneous data is constructed, and random numbers that obey Gaussian distribution are generated according to the mean value of data, and their mean square loss values are optimized to form an objective function of abnormal values of multi-source heterogeneous data of electric power. According to parallel clustering and the Adaboost algorithm, a unified format is created to obtain the load control results of abnormal values of multi-source heterogeneous data of electric power, so as to realize the identification of abnormal values of multi-source heterogeneous data of electric power. The experimental results show that at the time point of 18 s, the data identification quality of this method has reached 80, and with the increase of time, its data identification quality remains stable. It is demonstrated that the method has good recognition results.

Value of lost leisure among sandwich generation women performing caregiving duties for older parents

This study evaluates the extent of leisure time loss experienced by middle-aged women in South Korea who care for their aging parents and quantifies the monetary value of this lost leisure time. By employing an open-ended direct question, we derived respondents' willingness to pay and willingness to accept compensation for leisure time lost due to caregiving duties. Our findings reveal that middle-aged women engaged in regular caregiving are willing to pay an average of 9313 KRW (US$7.74) per hour for leisure time and would require 13,539 KRW (US$11.40) per hour as compensation for their lost leisure. The annual total monetary value of leisure time loss for consistent caregivers was estimated to range between 7403.4 billion KRW (US$6232 million) and 10,127.5 billion KRW (US$8525 million). The study highlights the significant challenges faced by caregivers, particularly middle-aged women, emphasizing the need for social awareness and discussions on gender role distribution to promote gender equality. It underscores the importance of developing effective support policies, including financial compensation and mental health resources, to alleviate caregivers' dual burden of work and home responsibilities. Understanding the economic impact of leisure time loss can help address long-term socioeconomic issues associated with an aging society, crucial for improving the efficiency and sustainability of care services for the older generation. The economic value estimated in this study will provide essential information for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of public services, supporting the economic feasibility of policies and programs, especially because respite services involve significant government expenditure.

A novel dual-band defected ground structure wearable microstrip patch antenna for breast tumor detection in biomedical applications

This paper presents a dual-band, low-profile wearable antenna for detecting breast tumors in biomedical applications. The antenna is designed on the FR4 substrate with an optimized dimension of 32 × 27.5 × 0.61 mm3. The compact rectangular patch is miniaturized by cutting the rectangular slots on the front side. The partial ground structure is used for moving the resonance frequency in the ISM band region and for giving the tripping result of the return loss. A breast phantom is created between the transmitter and receiver for detecting the tumor in the phantom model. The different sizes and positions of the tumor in the breast phantom provide different values of the return loss. The final optimized design of the antenna is operated at 2.43 GHz and 3.32 GHz with −35 and −24 return losses respectively. It has been observed from the simulated and measured results that the antenna has a negligible difference between the reflected coefficient, radiation pattern and gain. Afterward, the antenna is also checked for biocompatibility, which represents its good performance. The on-body analysis of the antenna represents a minor variation in the results. The Specific Absorption Ratio (SAR) value of the antenna is in the acceptable range as defined for the wearable device. It is a promising compact wearable antenna that can be used in biomedical applications.

Enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption performance of Ta₄C₃Tx MXenes with optimized interlayer spacing via hydrofluoric acid etching

Ta4C3Tx MXene, a novel two-dimensional material, shows significant application potential for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption because of its unique layered structure and high conductivity. In this study, hydrofluoric acid etching was used to obtain Ta4C3Tx MXenes with varying interlayer spaces by adjusting the etching duration, which enhanced the EMW absorption performance. The impact of interlayer spacing on the EMW absorption performance of Ta4C3Tx MXene was systematically evaluated for the first time. The results show that the sample etched with hydrofluoric acid for 48 h (S2-48 h) exhibited the best EMW absorption performance. For S2-48 h, the optimal reflection loss (RL) value was −33.53 dB at a frequency of 9.74 GHz and a thickness of 1.4 mm. In addition, the widest effective absorption bandwidth was 2.97 GHz (10.73–13.7 GHz), which was achieved at a frequency of 11.72 GHz and a thickness of 1.2 mm. This outstanding performance is mainly attributed to good impedance matching and multiple loss mechanisms induced by the etching process, including conduction loss, dipolar polarization, interfacial polarization, and multiple RLs. Furthermore, this research expands the application potential of two-dimensional MXene materials in EMW absorption.

Увеличение продолжительности работы установки электроцентробежного насоса для повышения безопасности и сокращения рисков при спускоподъемных операциях

The study analyzes basic complications associated with generating mechanical impurities; numeric modeling to optimize the electrical submersible pump operation has been performed. Modeling the fluid flow in combination with erosion models has been used to determine the key factors facilitating the erosion of the electrical submersible pump action wheel impeller during oil production. In order to obtain a complete view of the flow and erosion properties, modeling has been performed for the entire fluid flow route. Modeling of the flow and the action wheel component erosion has been performed to determine the impact of the flow imbalance as well as to ensure the boundary conditions at the input for the modeling. The modeling results have shown: the rotational flow introduced in the mixing point at the action wheel input significantly impacts the strength properties of the modeled object; the area most exposed to erosion is the area of the action wheel impeller. The values of loss of material have been determined via the time sequence of geometry changes in the compounds in combination with the actual hydraulic operational parameters. The flow trajectories proposed for modeling show that the recirculating flow is the dominant. It is widely adopted that recirculation is one of the main causes of increased erosion in the compounds of the electrical submersible pump as it leads to the high frequency of high-speed impacts by sand particles. In order to reduce the erosion risk, the analysis aiming to identify the impeller geometrical parameters has revealed that the erosion rate in the compound can be reduced by decreasing the inclination of the action wheel impeller. The study has demonstrated that numerical modeling can provide a detailed and precise evaluation of erosion potential in cases associated with the high velocity of fluid flow with particles of mechanical impurities.

Numerical simulation of dynamic loss and total loss in the REBCO tapes under perpendicular AC magnetic fields up to 8 T at 20 K and 50 K

REBCO tapes carry DC current under AC magnetic fields in proposed HTS fusion applications. AC loss will be generated in the process and it is important to understand the AC loss behaviour for safe operation of the fusion magnets. In this work, magnetisation loss (Qm), dynamic resistance (Rdyn), and total loss (Qtotal) in four different REBCO tapes are numerically studied, using the measured JcB,θ and nB,θ, for the magnetic field amplitude applied perpendicularly up to 8 T at 20 K and 50 K, where JcB,θ represents the magnetic field and field angle (θ) dependent critical current density. The peak of Theva JcB,θ data is different from that of other tapes. We artificially shifted the ab-plane peak of Theva JcB,θ to the left by 25° to match the peak value. The newly shifted data is named as Theva-shift, which was also investigated to study the influence of the Theva peak shift on AC loss. The normalised DC transport current level (i = It/Ic0) ranges from 0.05 to 0.9, where the DC current amplitude and the self-critical current of the tape are represented by It and Ic0, respectively. The simulation results show that the AC losses deviate significantly from the Brandt-Indenbom (BI) equation at high magnetic fields. Jc and instantaneous loss curves for different tapes show correlation at high magnetic fields. The simulation results also show how different JcB,θ characteristics for different tapes influence AC losses. When AC loss values are scaled by the self-field critical current, Qm without current and Qtotal with current in the different tapes show a good agreement. It implies that the temperature dependence of the two types of loss can be calculated from a known loss at one temperature and the self-field critical current.

Thermal properties and anti-corrosion behavior of multicomponent (Dy1/5Er1/5Tm1/5Yb1/5Y1/5)2SiO5 monosilicate against water vapor attack at high temperature

Materials with a thermal expansion coefficient compatible with silicon carbide based ceramic matrix composites and low thermal conductivity at higher temperatures are crucial for developing environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) for aero-engines. Lately, high entropy silicate engineering has been a promising approach to develop optimized EBC materials. The solid solution reaction method was adopted for the fabrication of high entropy multicomponent (Dy1/5Er1/5Tm1/5Yb1/5Y1/5)2SiO5 or (5RE1/5)2SiO5 monosilicate. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction show the homogenous distribution and a single-phase solution of (5RE1/5)2SiO5 monosilicate. Differential scanning calorimetry testing was done at 1450 °C which shows no exo/endothermic reaction has occurred. The value of the coefficient of thermal expansion (6 ppm/°C) up to temperature 1500 °C and low thermal conductivity values for (5RE1/5)2SiO5 monosilicate were observed (1.1–1.4 W/m°C) in the temperature range between 25 and 1500 °C. The water vapor corrosion resistance of (5RE1/5)2SiO5 monosilicate further confirms that the material is suitable for EBC applications due to the synergistic effect of different rare earth radii and stable crystal structure with a negligible weight loss value of 0.0005 mg/cm2 after 150 h corrosion time under 90 % H2O and 10 % O2 at 1300 °C. The results of this work suggest that (5RE1/5)2SiO5 monosilicate can be used as a promising candidate for environmental barrier coatings.

Design and performance analysis of compact quad‐band two‐port sickle‐shaped MIMO antenna for wireless applications

AbstractIn this research, a quad‐band sickle‐shaped MIMO antenna of compact size 32 × 32 mm2 (0.28λ0 × 0.28λ0 at lower resonant frequency 2.6 GHz) has been proposed using partial ground and tilted isolation stub at an angle of 45°. It covers 2.40 to 2.80 GHz frequency range with bandwidth (BW) of 15.38% (0.40 GHz) which is applicable for Wi‐Fi application in first band and in second band it covers from 4.48 to 5.75 GHz frequency range with BW of 24.83% (1.27 GHz) for WLAN application. In addition, the third band starts from 9.75 to 10.43 GHz frequency range with BW of 6.74% (0.68 GHz) for the X‐band whereas in fourth band it covers from 13.07 to 15.87 GHz frequency range with BW of 19.38% (2.8 GHz) frequency, which is applicable on Ku‐band application. Moreover, the isolation is < −15 dB in the entire resonating frequency band which is an acceptable limit for reduction of mutual coupling. ECC value is <0.5 in the entire operating band of frequency. The diversity gain of the proposed MIMO antenna is approximately 9.96 dB that shows the antenna exhibits good diversity property. The channel capacity loss value is <0.4 bps/s/Hz in the entire resonating band. In view of all the diversity parameters, the proposed MIMO structure fulfills all the requirements of the MIMO antenna.

Rapidly synthesizing magneto-thermal adjustable high entropy alloy nanoparticles on carbon fiber surface for enhancing electromagnetic wave absorption, thermal conductivity and interface compatibility of composites

It is a significant challenge to develop a fast carbon fiber (CF) surface modification method that could generate a simple multifunctional CF surface, especially in the field of electromagnetic wave (EMW) and thermal regulation. Herein, the FeCoNiAlMn high-entropy alloy (HEA) nanoparticles modified CF (HEA-CF) was successfully prepared by microwave induced carbon thermal shock (MCTS) in a few seconds. The HEA-CF possessed magneto-thermal adjustability by controlling the elemental composition and crystal structures of HEA nanoparticles. It exhibited outstanding dielectric-magnetic loss and phonon heat transfer capability. Moreover, HEA nanoparticles and cellulose nanofibers on CF surface also formed multiscale interfacial reinforced structure. Consequently, HEA-CF/Polyamide 6 (PA6) composites demonstrated extraordinary versatility. MCTS5s-CF/PA6 exhibited the strongest absorption with minimum reflection loss value of −63.6 dB at 2.4 mm thickness. The maximum effective absorption bandwidth reached 6.67 GHz with thickness of only 1.9 mm. Compared with that of untreated-CF/PA6 composite, the thermal conductivities of MCTS4s-CF and MCTS5s-CF/PA6 composites increased by 45.2 % and 19.1 %. Simultaneously, the tensile strength of MCTS4s-CF/PA6 and MCTS5s-CF/PA6 composites increased by 19.5 % and 16.1 %. This new approach provided an effective way to realize multifunctional composites. Its low-cost, efficient and environmentally friendly process had great potential for large-scale production.

Coconut shell waste-based ZnFe2O4/PANI/rGO nanohybrid composites as excellent radar-absorbing material

In this work, we developed ZnFe2O4/PANI/rGO nanocomposites based on coconut shell waste through in situ polymerization as excellent radar-absorbing material (RAM). This research mainly focused on adjusting the ZnFe2O4 content to obtain optimal absorption of radar waves, especially in the X-band. The results showed that the diffraction pattern of the ZnFe2O4/PANI/rGO nanocomposites showed multiple phases (crystalline and amorphous), which increased the ZnFe2O4 content and affected the increasing diffraction intensity. The functional group of the ZnFe2O4/PANI/rGO nanocomposites was identified with the presence of the M–O group originating from ZnFe2O4 at wavenumbers 517 and 419 cm−1 of Zn–O and Fe–O groups, respectively. Meanwhile, quinoid and benzenoid rings from PANI and CO from rGO were identified at wavenumbers 1580, 1504, and 1710 cm−1, respectively. The morphology of the ZnFe2O4/PANI/rGO nanocomposites showed PANI was distributed on the ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles, which were subsequently deposited on the rGO. The ZnFe2O4/PANI/rGO nanocomposites exhibited superparamagnetic properties, as confirmed by their coercivity values ranging from 9.2 to 124.4 Oe. Interestingly, the ZnFe2O4/PANI/rGO nanocomposites with the P3 sample showed optimal RAM performance with a minimum reflection loss value of −39.8 dB at 7.6-GHz frequency with an effective absorption bandwidth of 1.1 GHz.

Polypyrrole nanoclips-coated Co/C nanostructures with enhanced microwave absorption

There is a challenge to boost the electromagnetic wave absorption performance of magnetic carbon-based materials by rationally adjusting the structure of MOF. In this paper, nanoclip-shaped polypyrrole (PPy) was wrapped on the surface of the Co/C nanoparticle derived from Co-MOF via in-situ polymerization of pyrrole with the help of cetylammonium bromide. The electromagnetic parameters of prepared Co/C@PPy can be easily tuned by adjusting the feed ratio of PPy to Co/C. The optimum value of reflection loss (RL) for Co/C@PPy is −45.49 dB at 2.4 mm and 15.12 GHz when the feed ratio of pyrrole to Co/C is 200 μL to 80 mg, and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL ≤ −10 dB) reaches 5.97 GHz (11.76–17.73 GHz) at the matching thickness of 2.5 mm. This study paves the way for further design and preparation of the nanocomposites based on MOF-derived nanostructures with excellent EMW absorption performance.

ЗБІЛЬШЕННЯ ПРОПУСКНОЇ СПРОМОЖНОСТІ МАГІСТРАЛЬНИХ МЕРЕЖ УКРАЇНИ

In connection with the projected significant increase in electricity demand by 2030, as well as for the purpose of devel-oping the electricity system and effective interaction of the IPS of Ukraine with the energy systems of the European Un-ion, the article considers the need and feasibility of converting the Ukrainian power grids from 330 kV to 400 kV, com-paring the technical characteristics of grids of different voltage classes in terms of reliability, stability and efficiency of such grids. The paper provides an applied analysis of the efficiency of switching 330 kV rated voltage networks to 400 kV voltage class by the criterion of increasing the capacity of electrical equipment and reducing total power losses in the network. On the example of the Dnipro region of the IPS of Ukraine, the complex of computer programs designed for the design of power grids of power systems " Thesaurus" was used to model and analyze the modes of operation of the power grid at 330 kV and 400 kV. As a result, it was found that an increase in the voltage level will lead to a de-crease in the load of certain line sections by 17 %, while the value of total network losses will decrease by 10.8 %. Ref. 4, fig. 3.

Interleukin-6, -17, and -35 levels in association with clinical status in stage III and stage IV periodontitis: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThis study compared the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, and IL-35 in the gingival crevicular fluid of periodontally healthy participants with individuals who had stage III and IV periodontitis.MethodsIn total, 60 participants with stage III grade B-C (n = 12)—stage IV grade C (n = 18) periodontitis and 30 healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional study. Full-mouth clinical periodontal measurements were performed. Concentrations of IL-6, IL-17, and IL-35 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Parametric/nonparametric methods, Pearson’s/Spearman’s correlation, and logistic regression methods were used for data analyses.ResultsThe periodontitis group exhibited significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-17, and IL-35 compared with the healthy group (p < 0.001). IL-17 levels had a positive correlation with pocket depth (PD) (r = 0.395; p = 0.031) in the periodontitis group. IL-6, IL-17, and IL-35 levels were associated with periodontitis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.344, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.159–1.56; OR = 1.063, 95% CI = 1.025–1.102; OR = 1.261, 95% CI = 1.110–1.434, respectively) (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Full-mouth and sampling sites PD and clinical attachment loss (CAL) values were significantly higher in the periodontitis group than in the healthy group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study revealed upregulated levels of IL-6, IL-17, and IL-35 in periodontitis patients compared to healthy individuals. IL-17 shows a correlation with increased PD. These findings suggest a potential association between these cytokines and severe and advanced periodontitis.Trial registrationThe trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with this identifier NCT05306860 on 24/01/2022.

Shrinkage evolution and mechanism of self-curing concrete cooperatively cured with superabsorbent polymers and waterborne epoxy coatings

Shrinkage-induced cracking is a common phenomenon in concrete structures. To reduce concrete shrinkage, herein, a novel curing approach involving the concurrent application of internal superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) and external waterborne epoxy coatings (WECs) was adopted. Subsequently, the combined effects of the SAPs and WECs on the internal temperature, water retention behavior, relative humidity, and shrinkage performance of concrete were investigated. Furthermore, their underlying shrinkage-mitigation mechanisms were clarified and verified through mercury intrusion porosimetry tests. Results revealed that increasing the WEC application rates and number of spraying turns increased the relative humidities and reduced the shrinkage strains of the concrete specimens. The combined use of SAPs and WECs led to considerable reductions in the specimens’ humidity drop, water loss, and shrinkage values. The water losses of the concrete specimens exerted more considerable impacts on their relative humidity and shrinkage compared to their cumulative temperatures. Furthermore, the combination effects of the SAPs and WECs reduced the median pore diameters and increased the fractal dimensions of gel pores, thus triggered a reduce in capillary tension, and further mitigated the development of shrinkage strains. Overall, this study underscores the critical roles of evaporation, temperature, relative humidity, and pore-structure parameters on the shrinkage behavior of concrete. Additionally, it highlights the effectiveness of the combined application of SAP-based internal curing and WEC-based external curing, offering a feasible approach and technical support for reducing shrinkage in concrete structures.

Safe and Healthy Food Preservation: Efficacy of Guava Leaves and Lemon Juice Extract on Fruits and Vegetables

Background: Fruits and vegetables are naturally perishable and have a relatively limited shelf life. This study was designed to prolong the shelf life and remain nutritional value of various fruits and vegetables by using guava leaves extract and lemon juice extract (natural preservatives). Methods: Fruits and vegetables samples (amla, banana, grapes, bean, eggplant and tomato) were treated with three types of natural preservatives: guava leaves and lemon juice extract (GLE) 0.5% (boiled), lemon extract (LE) 15%, GLE 40% + LE 15%. Results: The study revealed that the moisture content varied from 18.03% to 95.41%. During the 10 days of experiment, samples treated with 0.5% GLE (boiled) preservatives exhibited better result than other two types of preservatives regarding the moisture content. Titratable acidity content varied from 0.05% to 2.25%. The pH value varied in the range of 2.47-6.01. The percentage of weight loss value ranged from 3.67 to 85.71. During the experiment period, weight loss was minimum almost in all samples treated with GLE 40%+LE 15% preservative. The vitamin C content in fruits and vegetables ranged from 1.60 mg/100mL to 68.46mg/100mL. The highest viable count was found in banana (46×104 CFU/ml) and the lowest was in Bean (9×104 CFU/ml). Conclusion: Among three types of preservatives, samples treated with 0.5% GLE (boiled) showed better result and minimum microbial growth.

Implementation of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in An Emotion Detection System for Measuring Learning Concentration Levels

Technological advancements have had a significant impact on the education sector, including the application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for facial image analysis. This research aims to implement CNN to measure students' learning concentration levels. The FER2013 dataset, which includes seven emotion classifications and comprises 28,709 images for training data, is used as the database. The data is processed through rescaling and augmentation to prepare the CNN model. The model consists of several convolutional layers, pooling layers, and fully connected layers designed to extract crucial features from facial images. Evaluation results demonstrate a very high accuracy of 94.95% on training data, indicating that the model effectively recognizes complex patterns within the data. Although there is a higher loss value of 157% and a decreased accuracy of 62.75% on validation data, this suggests that the model possesses a strong foundational capability and can still be improved through further adjustments. With high accuracy in training and promising validation results, the model shows substantial potential for real-world application, where it can assist teachers in understanding students' emotional responses in real-time. The implementation of CNN aids educators in comprehending students' emotional responses and adapting their teaching methods more effectively, thereby creating a more conducive learning environment and enhancing students' academic and social development. These findings also open opportunities for further research to improve the performance and generalization of the model on unseen data, making this technology an increasingly reliable tool in education

Stable and efficient microwave absorption performances: Design from polydopamine/polyethyleneimine encapsulated FeSiAl flaky composites to frustum of a cone array

The typical microwave absorber usually exhibits the large variations in absorption behavior with absorbing thickness (>10 % for a change in absorber thickness by 10 %). How to obtain broad, strong and stable microwave absorption performances still remains a challenge. In this work, a vertical ball milling technique followed by a co-deposition method in alkaline solution is developed to prepare polydopamine (PDA)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) coated flaky FeSiAl composites, which display broad, strong and stable absorption performances at 2–14 GHz. The obtained PDA/PEI covered FeSiAl flakes exhibited minimal reflection loss (RL) values exceeding −20 dB at 2.5–8.9 mm. When the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, 4.4–4.88 GHz) and absorption efficiency (RE, 12.11–13.24 dB·GHz/mm) change by 10 %, the corresponding change in absorption thickness can be achieved 28.57 % (2.5–3.5 mm) for EAB and 15.63 % (2.7–3.2 mm) for RE. Phase cancellation and electromagnetic loss contribute to large and stable RL peak intensity and the large loss factor over a wide frequency range lead to broad and stable EAB. Integrated with a macroscale structural design, frustum of a cone structure established by computer simulation technology is beneficial for integrating quarter-wavelength resonance, dielectric loss and magnetic loss, resulting in wide EAB of 12 GHz (covering from 2 to 14 GHz) and strong RL of −62.27 dB at 7.1 GHz.

Engineering multifunctionality graphene-based nanocomposites with epoxy-silane functionalized cardanol for next-generation microwave absorber

As technology advances, the demand for effective microwave-absorbing materials (MAM) to mitigate electromagnetic wave interference is growing. Two-dimensional (2D) materials are increasingly favored across various fields for their high specific surface area, electrical conductivity, low density, and dielectric loss properties. This study presents lightweight nanocomposites composed of graphene nanoplatelets blended with epoxy resin (ER) and cardanol with silane-functionalized (SFC) as a toughening agent. The resulting nanocomposites exhibit a high surface roughness of 130 nm and an enhanced hydrophobicity, as evidenced by a high contact angle. Notably, the ER/SFC/GNP sample at 3 wt% (0.075 g) achieves a minimum reflection loss value of −18 dB at a thickness of 10 mm, indicating improved impedance matching and enhanced dielectric loss capability. The increasing damping factor ratio to approximately 0.95 further augments the reflection loss performance. The research aims to develop cost-effective, efficient, lightweight graphene-based nanocomposite absorbers.

Kirkendall Effect-Induced Ternary Heterointerfaces Engineering for High Polarization Loss MOF-LDH-MXene Absorbers.

Heterogeneous interfacial engineering has garnered widespread attention for optimizing polarization loss and enhancing the performance of electromagnetic wave absorption. A novel Kirkendall effect-assisted electrostatic self-assembly method is employed to construct a metal-organic framework (MOF, MIL-88A) decorated with Ni-Fe layered double hydroxide (LDH), forming a multilayer nano-cage coated with Ti3C2Tx. By modulating the surface adsorption of Ti3C2Tx on LDH, the heterointerfaces in MOF-LDH-MXene ternary composites exhibit excellent interfacial polarization loss. Additionally, the Ni-Fe LDH@Ti3C2Tx nano-cage exhibits a large specific surface area, abundant defects, and a large number of heterojunction structures, resulting in excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance. The MIL-88A@Ni-Fe LDH@Ti3C2Tx-1.0 nano-cage achieves a reflection loss value of -46.7 dB at a thickness of 1.4mm and an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.12 GHz at a thickness of 1.8mm. The heterojunction interface composed of Ni-Fe LDH and Ti3C2Tx helps to enhance polarization loss. Additionally, Ti3C2Tx forms a conductive network on the surface, while the cavity between the MIL-88A core and the Ni-Fe LDH shell facilitates multiple attenuations by increasing the transmission path of internal incident waves. This work may reveal a new structural design of multi-component composites by heterointerfaces engineering for electromagnetic wave absorption.

M[formula omitted]ixup: A multi-modal data augmentation approach for image captioning

Despite the great success, most models in image captioning (IC) are still stuck in the dilemma of generating simple and non-discriminative captions. In this paper, we study this problem from the perspective of data augmentation and propose a novel method called Multi-modal Mixup (M3ixup). Compared with the original Mixup strategy designed for image classification, the proposed M3ixup has three novel designs to mix IC samples from the aspects of visual features, sentence embeddings and loss values, respectively. In practice, M3ixup can not only enrich the diversity of IC training data, but also enforce the model to focus more on visual information for captioning, thereby alleviating the negative effect of dataset bias and addressing the issue of simple captioning. To validate M3ixup, we apply it to three baseline models and conduct extensive experiments on MS COCO. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed M3ixup can not only improve the discriminability and quality of generated captions, but also help the baseline models obtain obvious performance gains, i.e., improving the CIDEr scores of the state-of-the-art model from 133.8 to 135.3 on off-line testing and 135.4 to 137.1 on online testing.