Value Of Economic Efficiency Research Articles

Efisiensi Pemasaran Kapulaga di Desa Sunyalangu Kecamatan Karanglewas Kabupaten Banyumas

Sunyalangu Village is the only village in Karanglewas District that produces cardamom. This potential production needs to be balanced with efficient marketing to create high profits. The involvement of marketing institutions affects marketing costs on cardamom marketing channels and the difference in cardamom prices at the farm level and at the end consumer level. This study aims to: 1) Analyze the price, cost, and profit of cardamom marketing channels in Sunyalangu Village, Karanglewas Subdistrict, Banyumas Regency, 2) Knowing the most efficient cardamom marketing channels in Sunyalangu Village, Karanglewas District, Banyumas District. The research location was determined purposively in Sunyalangu Village, Karanglewas District, Banyumas Regency. Determination of the sample carried out on farmers is simple random sampling with the results of 65 sample farmers and determination of samples made at marketing institutions is snowball sampling. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The analytical methods used are descriptive, marketing margins, farmer's share, cost and profit share, as well as technical and economic efficiency. The results showed: 1) channel III is the cardamom marketing channel with the smallest marketing margin of Rp. 150,000, 2) channel III is the marketing channel with the largest percentage of farmers share percentage of 56.5%, 3) channel III is the channel that has the smallest share of marketing costs with a percentage of 17.8% or as much as Rp. 26,662 per kilogram and the biggest share of profits with a percentage of 87.9% or Rp. 133,314 / kg, 4) Channel III is the marketing channel of the merchant with the smallest technical efficiency value of Rp. 50.4 / Kg / Km and the largest economic efficiency value is Rp. 5 / kg.

Growth performance, Carcass Characteristics , Economic Efficiency and blood Biochemical of broiler chicks fed different levels of Wild Mint (Mentha longifolia) and Sage (Salvia officinalis) plants

This study was conducted to determine the performance of broilers fed diets supplemented with dry wild mint (Mentha longifolia) and sage (Salvia officinalis) leaves and which are among the alternative growth promoters. A total number of 315 unsexed broilers seven-day old (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to seven treatments with three replicates. The dietary treatments consisted of the basal diet as control (T1), 10 (T2), 20 (T3) and 30 (T4) g/kg wild mint, 10 (T5), 20 (T6) and 30 (T7) g/kg sage added to the basal diet. The results showed birds fed on diet with 20 g/kg wild mint leaf powder significantly had (P≤0.05) the best body weight and FCR as compared to the group fed on 20 and 30 g/kg of sage without any significant effects compared with the other groups. Birds fed on control groups consumed higher (P≤0.05) feed intake compared with the other treatments. Supplemented broiler diets with 20 g/kg wild mint significantly increased slaughter, carcass, gizzard, liver, leg, giblet and total giblet weight compared with chicks fed on diet supplemented with either 20 or 30 g/kg sage without any significant with the rest group. Not significant affected were observed on heart, head, gut and lung weight due to the treatments. Birds fed in diet supplemented with 20 g/kg wild mint had the highest values of net revenue and economic efficiency compared with the control group . Blood biochemical parameters including serum protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, and glucose concentrations were not statistically (P>0.05) influenced among all treatments.

Analisi Efisiensi Teknis, Alokatif dan Ekonomi Produksi Kubis di Kabupaten Karo

The productivity level of cabbage farming in North Sumatra Province is low compared to other provinces on the island of Sumatra, where Karo Regency represents the general condition in North Sumatra Province. This study aims to estimate the level of technical, allocative, economic efficiency and the factors that affect the technical inefficiency of cabbage farming. The production function uses the Cobb-Douglas production function. Data analysis used the stochastic frontier method with a total sample of 116 farmers. The results of the analysis showed that cabbage farming in Karo District had not achieved technical, allocative and economic efficiency. The average technical, allocative and economic efficiency values of the respondent farmers were 0,697, 0,374 and 0,215. These results indicate that low efficiency is a contributing factor to the low productivity of farmer respondents' cabbage in Karo District. Factors that have a significant effect on efficiency are farming experience, labor ratio, land ownership status and cabbage harvest age. Based on the estimation results, the research policy suggestions include; increase farmer activeness to be involved in farmer groups, build and facilitate the growth and development of agricultural institutions and provide good seeding training so that farmers have good skills, thus improving the technical efficiency of cabbage farming in Karo District.

Analisis efisiensi produksi bokar dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya (studi kasus di Desa Muhajirin Kecamatan Jambi Luar Kota Kabupaten Muaro Jambi)

This study aims to: 1) analyze the production factors that affect the production of bokar, 2) analyze the level of technical, allocative and economic efficiency of bokar production factors in Muhajirin Village, Jambi Luar Kota District, Muaro Jambi Regency. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The model used in this study was a multiple linear regression model. The result showed that labor and the amount of use superior seeds had no significant effect on bokar production in Muhajirin Village, while the plant age and land area variables had a significant effect on bokar production in Muhajirin Village. The average value of technical efficiency was 0,754, which means that the bokar production bussines in Muhajirin Village was technically efficient, the value of allocative efficiency was -1,65 and the economic efficiency was -1,25. This shows that the bokar production business in Muhajirin Village has not reached the value of economic efficiency. Keywords : Bokar production, The labor, Plant age, Land area, The amount of use of superior seeds

EFFECT OF USING FENUGREEK SEEDS POWDER AS A FEED ADDITIVE IN BROILER CHICKS DIET ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND SOME METABOLIC RESPONSES

This work was carried out to research the impact on growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, some blood constituents and economic efficiency of the use of different levels of fenugreek seed powder (FSP) in growing Sasso chicks diet as a natural feed additive. A total of 120 unsexed Sasso broiler chicks, aged one day were divided into four care groups. There were three replicas of 10 birds each in each group. The 1st group was fed a control diet, while the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups were fed a control diet plus 0.5 %, 1.0 % and 1.5% powder of fenugreek seeds. In order to estimate certain biochemical parameters, a digestibility trail was carried out and blood samples were taken. Economic efficiency was measured for the different levels of fenugreek seeds used in the diet of Sasso broiler chicks. The obtained results showed that the use of 1% fenugreek seed powder in the diet of Sasso broiler chicks significantly enhanced live body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion, crude protein digestibility, dressing percentage, blood serum total protein and cholesterol. Moreover, birds fed a diet supplemented by 1.0% fenugreek seed powder, the highest values of economic efficiency and relative economic efficiency were reported.

PERBANDINGAN EFISIENSI PADA INDUSTRI ASURANSI JIWA SYARIAH DAN KONVENSIONAL DENGAN DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS (DEA)

This study aims to anlyze and comparing the efficiency of Islamic Life Insurance and Conventional Life Insurance in Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative non-parametric approach with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with the assumption of Constant Return to Scale (CRS) and Variable Return to Scale (VRS) with input and output orientation. The samples are 3 Islamic Life Insurance (full fledge) and 3 Conventional Life Insurance that comply with the specified sample criteria during 2012-2019. The input variables used ared cost of commissive, operational cost, total equity, while the output variables is the premi income, and investment revenue. The results of the study indicate that the average result of DEA analysis for the entire DMU (Decision Making Unit) has not been efficient. In Conventional Life Insurance, the value of economic efficiency by 64,82 percent, technically efficiency for72,22 percent, and scale efficiency 81,4 percent, while in Islamic Life Insurance, the value of economic efficiency by 17,26 percent, technically efficiency for 53,71 persen, and scale efficiency 47,41 percent. Source of inefficiency Conventional and Islamic Life Insurance company is the sacle of operations and management of input to output is not optimal.

EFFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHATANI KEDELAI PADA LAHAN SAWAH DAN DARAT DI KECAMATAN JATIWARAS

Fulfilling the needs of 67.99 percent of soybeans must be imported from abroad. To overcome the deficit in soybean production, the Indonesian government has pursued various soybean development programs. The research was carried out with the aim of: (1) Analyzing the effect of using production factors both simultaneously and partially on soybean farming in Jatiwaras District, Tasikmalaya Regency, (2) Analyzing the technical efficiency of soybean farming in paddy fields and land land in Jatiwaras District, Tasikmalaya Regency. The research method used in this study is an explanatory survey method by taking cases on soybean farming in Jatiwaras District, Tasikmalaya Regency. Samples were taken using Multistage Cluster Random Sampling, then a sample of 127 people was obtained from a population of 185 soybean farmers from two randomly selected villages (Jatiwaras and Papayan Villages), from 11 soybean center villages that planted in rice fields and land agro-ecosystems (Kaputihan, Neglasari). , Sukakerta, Setiawangi, Papayan, Jatiwaras, Ciwarak, Kersagalih, Kertarahayu, Mandalamekar, Mandalahurip). The analysis used for technical efficiency and determining the production factors that directly affect the resulting production output is the Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function. The results of this study indicate that there is one variable that significantly influences the level of soybean production, namely fertilizer, Meanwhile, the variables of land area, seeds, pesticides and labor, meanwhile there are two variables that significantly influence the level of soybean production, namely land area and labor, seeds, fertilizers, and insignificant pesticides. Soybean farmers both on land and rice fields are in stage III (Irrational Stage). The average value of Technical Efficiency (TE) Allocative Efficiency (AE) and Economic Efficiency (EE) in paddy fields is 99.97 TE, 62.68 AE and 62.68 EE while the average values of Technical Efficiency, Allocative Efficiency and Efficiency The economists in rice fields are 21.35 TE, 19.42 AE and 19.42 EE. This value shows that soybean farming on land is more efficient in terms of TE, AE and EE tilapia

Conservation agriculture, a selective model based on emergy analysis for sustainable production of shallot as a medicinal-industrial plant

In addition to achieving of food security in the long-run, the identification and introduction of sustainable ecosystems is associated with the protection of natural resources and the provision of environmental services that flow from those resources. A paradigm for the production of shallots has arisen in the agroecosystems of Iran to prevent the extinction of the shallot plant, on one hand, and to meet the market demand for this valuable medicinal-industrial product, on the other. This study aimed to identify the most sustainable shallot production system by comparing mechanized, traditional, and conservation shallot production systems with the growth of this plant in its natural habitat in Selseleh County, Iran, during 2018–2019. The analysis was done by calculating net emergy of each system and by reviewing 14 different emergy indices. Soil conservation is very important in the sustainability of agroecosystems. In this regard, a positive evaluation of the energy input structures in a conservation system is based on the soil stability of that system. The results showed that the status of a protected system is optimal based on the values of the Unit Emergy Value (UEV = 6.62E+05 sej J −1 ), Specific emergy (SE = 7.05E+09 sej g −1 ), Inverse emergy exchange ratio (IEER = 0.942), and Emergy index of product safety (EIPS = 1) indices and, to some extent, on Renewable emergy ratio (R%), Modified version of the environmental sustainability index (ESI∗), Modified version of the environmental loading ratio (ELR∗), and Emergy invested per $ net profit (EINPR). As a result, the most optimal system was found by increasing the amount of the free environmental renewable input flow (R). The optimal EINPR, Economic emergy efficiency (EEE) and IEER values of the natural habitat indicate the risk of overharvesting shallots from this system, which necessitates paying more attention to protecting the ecosystem and preventing overharvesting. Although a number of indices showed the advantage of the mechanized shallot production system over the other two agroecosystems. However, since an important part of the desirability of a mode of production implied by these indices is related to the share of free environmental inputs that are used in a renewable manner, modes of production that rely heavily on the non-renewable use of free environmental flows and result in soil instability are not preferred, thus a mechanized system is not recommended as the first choice for shallot production. The equality of the EIPS index both in conservation and in natural systems showed the high quality of the crop in the conservation system among the studied crop systems.

IMPACT OF GARLIC, LEMONGRASS, PEEPERMINT AND ROSEMARY AS FEED ADDITIVES ON PERFORMANCE OF GROWING BARKI LAMBS

The present study was carried out to study the impact of using some medicinal herbs (0.3gm Garlic / kg LBW/ day ( R2), 0.2 gm Lemongrass / kg LBW/ day ( R3), 0.5 gm Peppermint/ kg LBW/ day ( R4) ,0.2gm Rosemary / kg LBW/ day ( R5) versus an supplemented ration ( R1 – control ration which consists of 70% concentrate and 30% hay without any additives ) on growth performance , some rumen and blood parameters of twenty five growing Barki lambs. The animals averaged 5 - 6 months old and weighed on average 26 kg. Animals were randomly divided into five similar groups (five animals each) for 120 days growth trial. The economic efficiency values were calculated. The Results could be summarized as follows: Feeding herbs improved all nutrients digestibility (DM, OM, CP, CF, EE and NFE) and nutritive values as TDN, DCP compared with control ration.Medicinal herbs decreased total lipids and cholesterol .Also, increased total plasma protein and globulin significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Feed efficiency ( gm gain / gm DM or TDN ) was enhanced in all supplemented groups compared with the control ration. It could be recommended to use 0.3 gm Garlic or 0.2gm Lemongrass or 0.5 gm Peppermint or 0.2gm Rosemary / kg LBW/ day to enhance growth and improve economic efficiency of production and to decrease plasma cholesterol and total lipids in lambs blood

PERFORMANCE OF GOATS FED DRIED ORANGE AND CITRUS PULPS AS ENERRGY SOURCE. 1– IMPACT OF FEEDING DRIED ORANGE OR CITRUS PULPS ON MILK PRODUCTION AND COMPOSITION

The present study was carried out to find out if their any deferent impact of using dried orange and citrus pulps as energy source on the performance, milk production, some rumen and blood parameters ofZaraibi does. The animals averaged 4 years old and weighed on average 45 kg. Fifteen animals were randomly divided into three similar groups (five animals each). The experiment was started at the last 8 weeks of gestation until three months after suckling period. The experimental rations were: R1(control ration ) consists of 50 % hay and 50 % concentrate which contain yellow corn grain . Does in the experimental rations were fed 50 % of DOP( R2) and 50 % of DCP( R3) as partial replacement to yellow corn grains in the ration. At the end of the experiment the economic efficiency value was calculated. The Results could be summarized as follows: Feeding dried orange and citrus pulps increased nutrients digestibility (CP, CF, EE and NFE) and nutritive values as TDN, DCP compared to control ration.Dried orange and citrus pulp decreased total lipids and cholesterol .Also, increased total plasma protein and globulin significantly( p < 0.05) compared to the control group .Also,using dried citrus or orange pulps improved total milk yield and feed efficiency in all supplemented groups. It could be recommended that dried orange and citrus pulps( Oranges, tangerines, lemons) can safely replace a part of the energy sources included in rations at 50 % in goats ration to reduce the feed cost and improve the performance and milk production of goats.

Research of technological processes of manufacture of legs of dining tables of various designs

A technical description of the legs of dining tables of various designs with the texture of oak wood with the following dimensions of 750 × 52 × 52 mm. A method for studying the production processes of production of dining table legs of various designs with the texture of oak wood. Necessary materials have been calculated to make three types of dining table legs with oak wood texture. The necessary equipment has been calculated and the routes of technological processes have been developed and the planning of the shops has been presented in order to make three varieties of modern dining table legs with oak wood texture. The comparison of technological processes of making dining table legs with the texture of oak wood is made. You have determined the rational technological process of making the legs of dining tables. It is estimated that the third option for making dining table legs with a wood texture of square cross-section is optimal, where the cost of equipment is 817.25 thousand UAH, the number of employees 10 people, total power is 34.8 kW. It should also be noted that the third option generates the least wood waste and residues, in particular in the amount of 103.37 m3, and the cost of materials for a set of legs in the amount of 4 pieces is the lowest, amounting to UAH 312, which is much less than other options. The highest value of economic efficiency is the third option of investment, which is 0.208. The payback period for this option is 4.8 years. Therefore, the technology of making dining table legs is recommended, in which the base is made of three laminated rails with chipboard with a thickness of 16 mm with a square cross section of 48 (16 × 3) × 48 mm, and the shank with a cross section of legs made of planed oak veneer with a thickness of 2 mm.

Macroeconomic Electric Energy Production Efficiency of Photovoltaic Panels in Single-Family Homes in Poland

An increase in energy demand that is caused by fast economic development, a limited and constantly decreasing supply of traditional energy sources, as well as excessive environmental pollution that is caused by an increasing concentration of dust and gases in the atmosphere constitute the main factors that contribute to the ever-increasing interest in renewable sources of energy. The most important and promising renewable source of energy is thought to be solar energy. The aim of the paper is to assess the macroeconomic investment efficiency of photovoltaic installations in order to meet the demand for electric energy in single-family homes in Polish conditions. The conducted analysis comprises market characteristics and legal regulations concerning the sale of electric energy in Poland. Calculations were made for 320 variants that differed with regard to investment location, building orientation, and roof inclination. The results indicate that the most beneficial region for photovoltaic micro-installations, from a social perspective, is the south-east of and central Poland. The highest values of economic efficiency were achieved in the case of a southern roof inclination as well as a south-eastern and south-western building orientation. No big differences were observed in the economic investment efficiency for the panel inclinations. The calculated Discounted Payback Period, depending on the calculation method, equals 5.4 to 10 years. The results of the study confirm that the implemented support instruments for investments in photovoltaic installations producing energy for single-family house demand is economically viable.

Classification of integral indicators of EPS operational efficiency

It becomes more and more obvious that focusing solely on economic efficiency is not a good strategy for business development. Moreover, a quantitative assessment of the integral operation indicators, including complex indicators of efficiency, environmental performance and safety, can help to protect a business against possible bankruptcy [1]. In the electric power industry, this is reflected in the modified concept of operational efficiency (OE). OE is not only the usual economic efficiency, but also operational reliability and safety. There is a good reason for such modification of the concept. In electric power systems (EPS), the actual service life of about 60% of the main equipment, devices and installations exceeds the rated value. We shall refer to such equipment as “overage facilities” (OF). The failure of such OF is the main cause of unacceptable system emergencies. During the rated service life of EPS, only a quantitative assessment of operational economic efficiency is performed. Operational reliability and safety (for example, the average monthly values) are not calculated, since they are guaranteed by the manufacturer. However, after the warranty period is over, operators still do not evaluate complex indicators of operational reliability and safety, since there is no methodology for their assessment. Moreover, it is necessary to be able to calculate the integral OE indicators which reflect the actual values of economic efficiency, operational reliability and safety. It can significantly reduce the risk of mistakes when choosing the methods for organizing operation, maintenance and repair. Then, decisions will be made based on comparing these integral indicators. The random nature of changes in technical and economic indicators (TEI) is determined by the random nature of changes in the integral OE indicators. The article presents new methods and algorithms for determining the feasibility of classifying the integral OE indicators of OF.

Efisiensi Ekonomi Pemeliharaan Ayam Kampung Super yang Diberi Fitobiotik dengan Teknologi Nanoenkapsulasi Minyak Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus)

Red fruid as one of Indonesia’s native medicinal plants as a phytobiotic is developed to maintain the health status of livestock. The drawback of using phytobiotics as feed additives is done by making nanoencapsulation so that the products are easily absorbed by the livestock digestive system. This research was conducted to know the value of the economic efficiency using red fruit oil nanoencapsulation in super native chickens. The study used a descriptive method with 5 treatments and 4 replication. P0 (control), P1 (2.5% red fruit oil extract), P2 (2.5% red fruit oil nanoencapsulation), P3 (5% red fruit oil nanoencapsulation), P4 (10% red fruit oil nanoencapsulation). The result showed that the economic efficiency of using feed in each treatment was efficient (EEPP&lt;1) dan the best business efficiency (R/C) in P2 treatment (1,474). The conclusion of this study is that the use of red fruit oil nanoencapsulation in super native chicken can provide a better economic efficiency value than those without nanoencapsulation. The use of 2.5% red fruit oil nanoencapsulation gave the best economic efficiency value compared to other treatments.

ADDITION OF ESSENTIAL OILS AND MEDIUM CHAIN FATTY ACIDS IN THE DIETS AND THEIR EFFECT ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS

A total number of 180 one-day old unsexed Cobb broiler chickens were initially fed a control diet for six days, then were divided into six treatments (30 birds each), each treatment contained three replicates of ten birds, and the objectives were to evaluate the effects of single or combined supplementation of essential oils (EOs) and medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) to broiler diets on productive performance. The experimental treatments were as follows: 1- Chicks were fed the control diet (D1). 2-D1+ 0.1g thyme oil /kg diet. 3-D1+ 0.2g thyme oil /kg diet.4- D1+ 1g aromabiotic /kg diet. 5-D1+ 1g aromabiotic/kg diet + 0.1g thyme oil/kg diet. 6- D1 +1g aromabiotic/kg diet +0.2g thyme oil/kg diet. Results obtained could be summarized in the following: The higher significantly value of live body weight at 38 day and body weight gain during the period from 7 to 38 days were obtained for chicks control diet. Inclusion of single or combined supplementation of EOs and MCFAs in the broiler diets at different levels had insignificant effects on feed intake during all periods studied. Chicks fed combined supplementation of EOs and MCFAs experimental diet (0.1g EOs/kg diet + 0.1% MCFAs) had best significantly feed conversion ratio during the period from 7-38 days of age compared with those fed the control diet and some other treatment. Combined supplementation of EOs and MCFAs to broiler diets caused significantly improves in performance index during the finisher period compared with those fed diets supplemented with MCFAs alone or the control. Chicks fed experimental diet containing 0.2g EOs/kg diet+ 0.1% MCFAs had significantly higher thymus and spleen% compared with those fed MCFAs alone, EOs alone and the control. Chicks fed diets supplemented with 0.2g EOs/kg diet+ 0.1% MCFAs had higher value of lymphocyte (lower values of eosinophiles, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol), Chicks fed diet containing 0.1g EOs/kg diet had higher intestinal pH, while; chicks fed diet containing 0.1% MCFAs resulted in the lower intestinal pH values (higher values of total count). The lower value of E.coli (significantly higher lactobacillus count) was obtained for chicks fed diet containing 0.2g EOs/kg diet+ 0.1% MCFAs. Chicks fed with 0.1g EOs/kg diet + 0.1% MCFAs had the highest economic and relative efficiency values during the period from 7 to 38 days.

An Integrated Framework for Optimal Irrigation Planning Under Uncertainty: Application of Soil, Water, Atmosphere and Plant Modeling

In this paper, an innovative framework is developed for simulating the water distribution in agricultural lands considering existing constraints related to soil, water, atmosphere and plant. Some nonlinear operating rules are formulated for the irrigation planning and groundwater management in Shahrekord plain in Iran. Evapotranspiration values are estimated based on a real-time modeling. Groundwater exploitations are limited for each irrigated area by considering its actual water requirement and soil moisture balance with daily time steps at the root zone. Moreover, this work introduces an approach for taking into account the uncertainty of available water. For this purpose, the membership functions of fuzzy inputs are discretized into five levels and then a multiobjective optimization model is developed to find the extreme values of economic efficiency of irrigation water for different levels. The results show that under limited water conditions, the economic productivity could be further improved when water, soil, atmosphere and crop relationships are simultaneously considered. In the proposed cropping pattern, the net annual return was increased by more than 43% comparing to the existing cropping pattern. Furthermore, different efficiency criteria for crops with higher values of yield production (e.g., potato, maize, sugar beet and alfalfa) are more affected by the existing uncertainties.

Efficiency Analysis of the Marine Economy in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area Based on a DEA Model

Wen, M.; Liu, C.; Galina, P.; Tao, C.; Hou, X.; Bai, F., and Zhao, H., 2020. Efficiency analysis of the marine economy in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area based on a DEA model. In: Gong, D.; Zhang, M., and Liu, R. (eds.), Advances in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 106, pp. 225–228. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.This paper aims to study the marine economic efficiency based on a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. The Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) was taken as the research object, and an input-output index system was established. The research results show that the GBA is developing rapidly, and the spatial layout of the marine economy continues to optimize. In the established input-output index system, the input indicators include the three aspects of marine resources, human resources, and scientific and technological inputs, while the output indicators include marine economic output and environmental output. The marine economic efficiency of the GBA was not high, and the average efficiency values of all regions were less than 1; the average value of Guangdong's marine economic efficiency was the highest, and that of Hong Kong's was the lowest, indicating that they are in an inefficient state. Finally, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for improving the marine economic investment and enhancing the efficiency of marine economic development. The research findings provide useful reference for the sustainable development of the marine economy in the GBA and throughout the country.

Development of improved models for pile load bearing capacity, settlement and reliability analysis

Introduction. Safety of operation and durability of pile foundations and structures as a whole depend on the values of load bearing capacity of piles and reliability in the foundation soils. The key problem of pile analysis consists in reliable determination of its load bearing capacity values according to all performance criteria of the first and second groups of limit states, in revealing of reliable values of reliability (operation safety), economic efficiency and profitability.&#x0D; Materials and methods. One of the difficulties in detecting the value of the load bearing capacity of friction piles is to determine the values of friction and cohesive forces and their distribution over the side surface of the pile in the foundation soil when the loaded pile is immobilized (at rest).&#x0D; Results. Absence of reliable information on actual friction and cohesive force and, consequently, on actual load bearing capacity of a pile in the conditions of immobility does not allow to estimate its quality taking into account assurance of trouble-free operation (reliability) in real operating conditions at the pre-set operating load, it is impossible to predict the durability of a pile, to make a reasonable choice of pile shape and dimensions, etc. Another pile analysis problem is determining the value of pile settlement. The value of pile settlement is in some cases the most important indicator of the facility performance.&#x0D; Conclusions. New approaches to the operation of piles in the foundation soil on the basis of modern methods of reliability calculations with limited statistical information about controlled parameters are proposed. Improvement and development of pile calculation methods can be found in the calculation of deep trencher foundations, in the calculation of open caissons and caissons, the development of new statutory documents on pile foundations; as well as during training process of various universities and as a source for advanced training of specialists.

EFFECT OFINTERACTION BETWEEN FEED RESTRICTION AND DIETARY ENERGY LEVELS ON PRODUCTIVE, PHYSIOLOGICAL, IMMUNOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF TWO STRAINS OF LAYING HENS.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of interaction between feed restriction and dietary energy levels on productive, physiological and immunological performance as well as economic efficiency of Matrouh and Silver Montazah chickens (females and males).A total number of 240 females and 24 males 24 weeks old from each of Matrouh (MAT) and Silver Montazah (SM) layer strains (120 females and 12 males from each strain) were used, Birds of each strain were randomly divided into 4 equal groups with 3 replicates each of 10 females and one male. The first and second groups fed diet contained 2800 and 2600 kcal ME /kg diet, respectively at a rate of 120g/ hen/day. The third and fourth groups fed diet contained 2800 and 2600 kcal ME /kg diet, respectively at a rate of 100g/ hen/day. Theobtained results showed that Silver Montazah hens recorded higher values for egg production%, egg weight,egg mass and feed efficiency, hatchability % and post hatch chick weight as well as T3, LH and FSH hormones as compared with Matrouh (MAT) hens.Reducing the amount of feed provided to hens (100 g/hen/ day) significantly improved feed efficiency and increased blood levels of T3 and LH hormones, fertility and hatchability percentages, chick weight at hatch and weight of abdominal fat were significantly decreased. the best results of egg production%, egg weight and egg mass, as well as chick weight at hatch, fertility and hatchability percentages were recorded for SM hens which received diet containing 2800 kcal ME at a rate of 120g/hen/day, the lowest results were recorded for MAT hens which fed diet contained 2600 kcal ME at a rate of 100g /hen/day. However, the best feed efficiency was recorded for hens of both strains which received diet contained 2800 kcal at rate of 100 g/hen/day. T3 and LH hormones, chick weight at hatch as well as fertility and hatchability percentages were increased for SM hens either those received low or high dietary energy content at a rate of 120 or 100g/hen/day comparing with MAT hens which received the same experimental diets. Semen quality traits were found to be improved for SM cocks under the two levels of energy and feeding.The highest economic efficiency values were exhibited by SM hens fed high or low dietary energy levels at a rate of 100 g / hen / day. It could be concluded that the best feed efficiency and economic efficiency were recorded for hens of both strains which received diet contained 2800 kcal at rate of 100 g / hen/ day.

Analisis Efisiensi Usahatani Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) Di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat

Cayenne pepper is a horticultural crop, which is attracted by consumers. In Kotawaringun Barat Regency in the last 3 (three) years of chilli, production continues to increase, but it is not yet known whether the cultivation is technical, price or economically. The purpose of this research is to know the level of elasticity of production factors to the production of chilli pepper and know the level of technical efficiency, price, and economic farming chilli pepper in West Kotawarwant district. The research was conducted in Kotawaringin Barat District in December 2019 to February 2020. The number of samples used is 100 farmers respondent, with simple random sampling method. Data used by primary data and secondary data. Methods of data analysis using descriptive analysis, analysis of the Cobb-Douglass production function and analysis of technical efficiency, price/allocative, and economic. The results showed that the value of elasticity of the land area (0.501), seedlings (-0.201), fertilizer (0.112) and labour (0.386). The amount of elasticity 0.798 less than one indicates that chilli pepper farming is on a business scale (Decreasing return to scale), which contains the meaning of farming chilli pepper is not in the condition of a constant scale result. The value of technical efficiency (0.199), the value of the efficiency of the price/Alokatif (0.0031), the value of economic efficiency (0.0022), the third value of efficiency less than 1, meaning farming chilli pepper inefficient so that the need to reduce the use of production factors.