Commodity Value Research Articles

A comparative study of grain quality and physicochemical properties of premium japonica rice from three typical production regions.

Grain quality indicates rice commodity value. This research compared grain quality and physicochemical properties of premium japonica rice from three production regions, Yangtze River downstream of China (YRDCN), Northeast region of China (NECN) and Japan. Results showed that there were distinct quality and physicochemical characteristics variance among the three groups of japonica rice, while CVs of most quality parameters from low to high was Japan, YRDCN and NECN. YRDCN rice presented obvious lower apparent amylose content (AAC) and ratio of each chain-length sections of amylopectin, and showed higher protein contents especially glutelin and ratio in short and intermediate amylopectin molecules. Among three rice groups, YRDCN rice presented weaker appearance, whereas did not show inferior cooking and eating properties, which was primarily linked to lower AAC. Rice AAC and starch fine structure significantly correlated with pasting parameters, swelling power and solubility, while protein content had close relation with taste analyzer parameters. Results of this study indicated improvement direction for japonica rice of YRDCN, and also provided reference for consumers' rice purchasing selection in accordance with individual taste preference.

Spice Production, Marketing, and Value Chain in Ethiopia.

The purpose of this paper was to document and organize spice production, marketing, and value chain in Ethiopia. Spice is the most essential farming product. Several native and exotic spices are grown by smallholder farmers across the country because Ethiopia has diverse agroecology and favorable climate conditions. The spice subsector has great potential for the country's economic development and poverty alleviation, cultivation, preparation, transport, and merchandising of spices and herbs. Spice market indicates the commodity value of spices. The major problems regarding the marketing system of spices were lack of communication between farmers and users, lack of linkage between sellers and buyers, and lack of postharvest management, storage facilities, regulated and cooperative markets, transportation, and knowledge of market news. The escalating value of spices is superficially envisioned, extending from smallholder production to partial handling, which seems to be the everyday value chain.

Scrutiny of a Bi-evaporator poly-generation system includes distilled water production unit: Comparative study and Bi-objective optimization

While geothermal energy is typically associated with beneficial environmental effects, it is crucial to acknowledge that it can lead to greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the implementation of geothermal systems should include an environmental assessment. This study presents and evaluates an innovative geothermal-powered bi-evaporator poly-generation system from seven perspectives: thermodynamic, extended-environmental, exergoenvironmental, exergoeconomic, net present value, and bi-objective optimization. The designed ploy-generation system comprises a desalination unit, a unit for extracting hydrogen, and a modified organic flash cycle, all integrated with a single geothermal flash cycle. These subsystems work in unison to create a comprehensive and integrated system for simultaneously generating purified water, green hydrogen, electricity, and meeting refrigeration load requirements. Regarding the findings at the base mode, the designed system is able to generate net power, refrigeration load, distilled water, and H2 production rates of 244.9 kW, 741.4 kW, 0.4443 kg/s, and 1.062 kg/h, respectively. By employing NSGA-II optimization, the values of commodities are substantially increased, which enhanced the poly-generation system product cost and energetic efficiency by 7.13 % and 30.48 %. Also, the net electricity selling price significantly affects NPV, so the payback period reduces to 8.56 years.

Utilization of Shrimp Shells Waste and Golden Snails to Increase the Yield of Shallots

Shallots are high economic value commodities. The chemical fertilizers alone in onion cultivation can treat to agricultural sustainability. Environmentally friendly alternative fertilizers are urgently needed. One of them is Local Microorganism (LMO) which is developed from waste/natural materials, such as shrimp shells and golden snails which are available in nature. Shrimp shell contains nutrients N, P, K, C, Mg, and Fe. Golden snail is dangerous pest for rice plants, but it can be used as organic fertilizer. This study aims to determine effect of giving LMO of shrimp shells and golden snail for shallots growth and yield. The experiment used randomized block design with eight treatments, four replications, namely without LMO, 1.2 g plant-1 NPK fertilizer; 250 mL, 300 mL, and 350 mL shrimp shell LMO; LMO golden snail 250 mL, 300 mL, and 350 mL. The results showed that the provision of local microorganisms of shrimp shells and golden snails was able to increase shallot growth and yield, which was indicated by an increase in plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, and dry weight of tubers per plant. The increase in tuber dry weight ranged from 130 % to 239 % (2.3 times to 3.4 times higher than control).

무형 문화자원의 관광 정책적 활용을 위한 경제적 가치평가

Purpose - This study aims to develop a valid and appropriate method for measuring the economic value of intangible cultural resources.
 Design/methodology/approach - Building upon the concepts explored in many studies on the total value regulation of public goods or environmental goods, which are non-market value commodities, with a focus on the intangible cultural property Arirang, this study aims to formulate a new economic value concept for cultural resources that contributes to the overall economic total value, including non-use value. Based on this foundation, the study aim to identify and apply the most efficient model(CVM) among economic value measurement methods, as suggested by Tietenberg (2003).
 Findings - This involves estimating economic value through consumer behavior, encompassing the use or experience of cultural resources, as well as utilizing statements to estimate economic methods through consumer surveys. Only by presenting individual resource economic values of cultural resources in objective figures can a foundation be established for creating budgets and organizational structures to promote projects and policies.
 Research implications or Originality - Appropriate decisions can then be made by comparing these values with the expected costs in the management and planning process.

Eighteen Years of Chrysanthemum Cultivation Technology Innovation as High Economic Value Commodity in the Special Region of Yogyakarta

Abstract. Eighteen years ago, the application of innovative Chrysanthemum cultivation technology was implemented in the Hargobinangun Village area, Pakem District, Sleman Regency and was the location for PRIMA TANI activities, which has an altitude of 600 to 1325 meters above sea level. Chrysanthemum cultivation was first applied to farmers in 2005 by BPTP Yogyakarta in collaboration with BALITHI Cipanas. Although it requires more complicated handling, chrysanthemum cultivation in a controlled environment can provide relatively high additional income in rural areas. Based on data on narrow land ownership in North Sleman Regency, it is necessary to look for alternative commodities with high economic value to make it easier to increase the welfare of farmers. The basic method in this research is descriptive analysis, based on solving actual problems that exist in the present. The research was carried out to conduct an assessment and collect data from several studies on cooperator farmers since 2005 until now. From the results of this study it can be seen that commodity diversification has been created; additional income/income that indirectly increases the welfare of farmers; creating attractive job opportunities for young people (millennials) in rural areas; a higher sense of self-confidence for millennial farmers in rural areas so as to create a mindset worthy of living as farmers in rural areas; as well as the initiation of agro-industry in rural areas through various other farming activities as a multiplier effect from chrysanthemum cut flower farming activities.

Machine learning-assisted near-infrared spectroscopy for rapid discrimination of apricot kernels in ground almond

Almonds are one of the most widely consumed seeds in the world, both for their taste and for their high nutritional value. A rapid and non-destructive method to detect adulteration of ground almond with apricot kernels is a necessity in the food industry because of almond's high commodity value and being one of the most consumed tree nuts. Almonds are a target for economically motivated adulteration, and apricot kernel is the most seen adulterant in ground almond. NIR spectroscopy is simple, non-destructive, and cheaper alternatives to traditional methods including chromatography for the detection of almond adulteration. A total of 120 almond samples were purchased in Türkiye. NIR spectra were collected using a portable and benchtop spectrometer and analyzed by Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) and Conditional Entropy (CE) with machine learning algorithms to generate a classification model to authenticate ground almonds. Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) and CE with machine learning algorithms were used to predict the levels of apricot kernel in ground almonds. Ground almonds were adulterated with apricot kernels at different level (0–50%) with 2% intervals. Both SIMCA and CE algorithms combined with spectral data obtained from the spectrometers provided very distinct clusters for pure and adulterated samples (100% accuracy). Both units also showed superior performance in predicting apricot kernels using PLSR with rval>0.96 with a standard error prediction (SEP) 3.98%. Besides, CE with machine learning algorithms reveal similar performance using benchtop NIR spectrometer (SEP>4.49). Based on the SIMCA, PLSR, and CE-based models, NIR spectroscopy can be used as an alternative methods and showed great potential for real-time surveillance to detect apricot kernel adulteration in ground almond.

Analysis of nuclear microreactor efficacy with hydrogen production methods

A major issue with the economic validity of nuclear power technologies is their rate of return on investment. Since these systems have high expected initial capital costs, it is difficult to instill investment confidence against the backdrop of untested construction and operation. Nonetheless, emerging nuclear technologies such as microreactors remain promising as their output is carbon-free and the high outlet temperature associated with many microreactor concepts enables them to generate process heat that can power industrial processes, thereby widening their versatility beyond electricity generation. The pairing of these systems with higher value commodities, such as hydrogen, could potentially improve the economic viability of microreactors. Hydrogen production has become a subject of great interest in recent years for numerous applications such as for transportation, metal refining, and fertilizers. With a profitable microreactor-powered hydrogen production system, the price dependency of these applications and downstream commodities on the volatile natural gas prices can be reduced. In this work, the pairing of a microreactor with natural gas reforming (NGR) and high-temperature electrolysis (HTE) was modeled and it was found that a 10 MWth to 20 MWth microreactor could become economically viable through revenue from hydrogen production. The technology-agnostic microreactor energy source paired with the NGR and HTE plants was able to generate achievable principal loan values that were above $4.5 M/MWth for a 15 MWth reactor over a 20-year period. The cost of a first-of-a-kind microreactor according to available estimates exceeded the average achievable loan values for the HTE system while the NGR system was able to achieve these estimates within 21 years. The pairing of HTE with autothermal reforming was also investigated and it was found to be uncompetitive as compared with NGR and HTE.

Current and potential pest threats for canola in the Canadian Prairies.

Canola/oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) production in Canada has increased to become a foundational crop in the Canadian Prairies and an important economic driver of this region. The increase in seeded area, and by association its reduction in-crop rotation frequency, has made it easier for pests to overcome current recommended agronomic management practices. The Canola Council of Canada has been successful in involving the entire commodity value chain in promoting and strengthening the Canadian canola industry; however, because of this production increase it is critically important to understand, evaluate and mitigate the potential risks of canola yield losses to current and potential pests. This Perspective provides an overview of what are currently the most damaging insects, pathogens and weeds to canola in the Canadian Prairies, potential future threats and opportunities farmers, agronomists and researchers can take to minimize these risks. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Evaluation of pulsed vacuum drying efficiency and quality of garlic sprout based on infrared radiation heating and electronic panel conduction heating

In view of the problems of short storage periods, high cost, and high energy consumption in low-temperature storage and controlled atmospheric storage of garlic sprouts, pulsed vacuum drying (PVD) technology was applied in this study for improving the commodity value and reducing the storage cost of garlic sprouts. The drying characteristics and quality attributes of garlic sprouts at different temperatures (65, 70, and 75 °C) and pulsing ratios (2:4, 3:4, 4:4, 3:2, and 3:6) based on the different heating techniques of infrared radiation (FIR-PVD) and electronic panel conduction (EPC-PVD) were investigated. The results showed that EPC-PVD shortened drying time by 11.45–24.94% compared with FIR-PVD, while FIR-PVD achieved better quality in terms of color and allicin retention as compared with EPC-PVD. Prolonging the vacuum duration and reducing the atmospheric pressure duration were helpful in the formation of porous structures, thus obtaining a faster drying rate and better product quality. The Weibull model could precisely describe the drying kinetics of garlic sprouts. FIR-PVD at 75 °C and 3:4 was recommended as the most suitable drying condition due to the highest comprehensive score (0.7856) considering drying time and product quality. The findings provide a new idea for low carbon high-quality storage of garlic sprouts.

Changing Pattern of Prices and Arrivals of Agricultural Commodities Through e-NAM: A Case Study of Sirsa Apmc in Haryana

Abstract Subject and purpose of work The study examined the market profile and status of Electronic National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) in Sirsa Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) The study also analysed the arrival and price pattern of major agricultural commodities before and after the implementation of e-NAM in the study area. Materials and methods For the present study, both primary and secondary data were used. The study was conducted between the years 2011-2012 to 2020-2021. The Compound Growth Rate (CGR) was computed for both the period before and after the implementation of e-NAM (2016-2017 to 2020-2021) to examine the growth of total arrivals, lots, traded quantity and value of commodities. Results The study shows incremental growth in the total number of arrived, quantity and traded value except for traded lots of commodities. The study observed that almost all required facilities for implementing e-NAM were available at the APMC yard. Conclusion The present study concluded that the overall impact of e-NAM has been positive on the arrivals and prices of major agricultural commodities in Sirsa APMC.

Inventory management at the enterprise in conditions of uncertainty

Methods. Research and analysis of the enterprise's activities were carried out using the methods of formal and dialectical logic on the basis of a critical analysis of the data of the relevant structural units of the enterprise. Results. It has been proven that the defined approach to the inventory management system, with flexible maneuvering due to the reduction of planning cycles, the minimization of stock volumes and a significant increase in the intensity of purchases, enabled the enterprise to adapt to difficulties and continue work in the conditions of military operations on the territory of Ukraine in close proximity to its location. Novelty consists in a defined approach to the inventory management system to enable an industrial enterprise to continue production activities in difficult conditions of uncertainty. Practical value. Management of commodity and material stocks is necessary to ensure uninterrupted production of products in the required quantity and at the set time and, on the basis of this, to achieve full realization of the released products with minimal costs for maintaining stocks. On the example of the researched industrial enterprise, the difficulties in working in conditions of uncertainty were considered and it was proved that the focus of employees on further work and development made it possible to avoid significant shutdowns of the enterprise and restore the functioning of production. A defined approach to the commodity values stock management system enabled the company to adapt to difficulties and continue work in conditions of uncertainty.

Melatonin enhances the synthesis of volatile esters and lactones in apricot during low temperature storage

Low temperature storage often leads to chilling injury in apricots, causing a loss of aroma and a decrease in its commodity value. In this study, melatonin (MT, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mmol L−1) dipping treatment was used to improve the aroma quality of apricot (‘Jintaiyang’ and ‘Pingdingxiang’) at low temperature (4 °C). Results demonstrated that the application of 0.2 mmol L−1 MT treatment effectively maintained firmness and soluble solids content (SSC), and inhibit the ethylene production and respiration rate of apricots. Additional observations revealed that MT was capable of inhibiting the activities of LOX (lipoxygenase), HPL (hydroperoxidelyase), and ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase) enzymes, thereby reducing the levels of alcohols and aldehydes in apricots. Conversely, MT upregulated the activities of LOX, HPL, ADH, ACX (acyl-CoA oxidase) and AAT (alcohol acyltransfera) enzymes, promoting the biosynthesis of lactones and esters in apricots. Thus, melatonin might be an effective method for low temperature storage of apricot by promoting the recovery of aroma substances.

Mapping of Coconut Leading Commodity Value Chain in Awer Village, Sahu District, West Halmahera Regency, North Maluku Province

One of the main sectors to increase a country's income is the agricultural sector. The agricultural sector is a source of community income, it is necessary to strive for handling it to achieve this goal. Coconut is a strategic agricultural commodity that can be developed by the community, especially in Sahu District, West Halmahera Regency. Derivatives of coconut commodities can be copra, coconut oil, and sugar, coconut milk. While the derivative products that are widely exported include copra, Coconut Oil, Desiccated Coconut, Coconut Charcoal, and sugar, Cocopeat and coconut milk, and other products. The condition of agriculture in Sahu District in general is still traditional. The most widely cultivated commodity is coconut which has been planted for generations. The purpose of this service is to map the coconut value chain in Sahu District, West Halmahera Regency, North Maluku Province.

DlMYB113 mutation affects anthocyanin accumulation in red pericarp longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.)

Fruit color influences fruit quality and commodity value. Most longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) varieties have a yellowish-brown or grayish-yellow pericarp, and the discovery of red pericarp (RP) longan expanded the color varieties of longan fruit. Our previous research showed that the red pericarp of RP fruit was mainly caused by anthocyanin accumulation; however, its underlying regulatory mechanism remains unknown. Herein, DlMYB113, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, was discovered by examining differentially expressed genes in two longan cultivars. Dimocarpus longan MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral) 113 (DlMYB113) expression was significantly higher in the pericarp and leaves of RP longan than in ‘Shixia’ longan. Sequence alignment analysis revealed two amino acid substitutions in the R3 domain between DlMYB113rp in RP longan and DlMYB113sx in ‘Shixia’ longan. Transient expression of DlMYB113rp significantly increased anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco leaves, whereas DlMYB113sx had negligible effect. Meanwhile, DlMYB113 overexpression promotes anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis and longan calli. Site-directed mutation detection revealed divergence in DlMYB113 function when the R3 repeat 197-position base T was replaced with G, and the 317- and 318-position AT bases were replaced with GA. Our findings indicate that DlMYB113 can regulate anthocyanin production in RP longan, and three mutations in its nucleic acid sequence lead to anthocyanin accumulation, thereby developing molecular markers associated with the anthocyanin accumulation trait in RP longan. This study will facilitate early screening of longan hybrids with desirable fruit color and be significant for breeding new characteristic varieties.

Status of Ginger (Gingiber officinale), Large Cardamom (Amomum subulatum) and Tea (Camellia sinensis) In Koshi Province, Nepal

The study was conducted in Koshi Province in Nepal to review the status of ginger, large cardamom and tea through trend analysis and Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis techniques. The area contribution of ginger in Koshi Province to the nation was found 34.32%, where the contribution on national production was found 36.61%. Productivity of ginger was found in the increasing trend until 2006/07, slightly decreased in 2007/08 and 2008/09, lowered in 2014/15 A.D. The area contribution of Large Cardamom in Koshi Province to the nation was found 90.9%, where the contribution on national production was found 90.8%. Productivity of Large cardamom was in the increasing trend until 2008/09, slightly decreased in 2009/10 and 2010/11, lowered in 2014/15 A.D. The area contribution of Tea in Koshi Province to the nation was found 90.26%, where the contribution on national production was found 96.73%. In 2003/04 productivity of Tea was in the increasing trend until 2013/14, slightly decreased for five consecutive years (2014/15 to 2018/19), lowered in 2016/17 A.D. All the parameters of production status (area, production, and productivity) of these commodities were found increasing in the national context. Results from study clearly revealed that, collection and auction market point establishment, fixation of minimum ceiling/ floor price, value chain alliance and financing strategy and plan development, effective insurance scheme and access to loan mechanism, post-harvest handling practices at the farm level need to be developed to increase the area, production and productivity of these high value commodities in Koshi Province of Nepal which have great prospects and significance in the global markets.

Valuasi Ekonomi Wilayah Adat Taman Sunsong Kabupaten Sekadau

This article aims to investigate the valuation of the indigenous territory of Taman Sunsong in Sekadau Regency, with a focus on uncovering the cultural, economic, and environmental values inherent in the Taman Sunsong Indigenous Community. The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Field surveys were conducted to gather data on the social, cultural, and economic profiles of the indigenous community. In-depth interviews were carried out with traditional leaders and community members to gain a comprehensive understanding. Economic data was collected through surveys, market price approaches, and benefit transfer methods. The findings reveal that the Taman Sunsong Indigenous Community possesses unique cultural traits and a way of life governed by customary values, rituals, and religious practices. Their social life is rooted in strong communal interactions, while a close relationship with the surrounding environment also plays a significant role. The significance of preserving nature and culture is evident in the high value placed on the indigenous forest. The forest holds cultural significance and profound knowledge about ecosystem balance and sustainable resource utilization. The economy of the Taman Sunsong indigenous region relies on fields, gardens, traditional craftsmanship, and the potential for ecotourism. To assess the economic value of the indigenous territory, market price approaches and benefit transfer methods are employed. Market prices are used to gauge the value of agricultural commodities and forest products. The benefit transfer method is utilized to estimate the value of environmental services such as oxygen production by the forest.

MiMYB10 transcription factor regulates biosynthesis and accumulation of carotenoid involved genes in mango fruit

Carotenoids are essential and beneficial substances for both plant and human health. Identifying the regulatory network of these pigments is necessary for improving fruit quality and commodity value. In this study, we performed integrative analyses of transcriptome data from two different type fruits, ripening peel color at green (‘Neelum’ mango) and red (‘Irwin’ mango). Specifically, we found that MiMYB10 transcription level was highly associated with mango peel color. Further, silencing MiMYB10 homologous gene in tomato fruits resulted in lower carotenoid and anthocyanin content. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and dual-luciferase clarified that MiMYB10 regulates the carotenoid biosynthesis gene MiPDS (phytoene desaturase gene) in a direct manner. On the other hand, MiMYB10 activates the expression of carotenoid biosynthesis genes (PSY, Z-ISO, CRTISO, LCYE) and chlorophyll degradation gene (SGR1), promoting the accumulation of carotenoid, accelerating chlorophyll degradation, and controlling peel color. In summary, this study identified important roles of MiMYB10 in pigment regulatory and provided new options for breeding strategies aiming to improve fruit quality.

Research Progress of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Promoting Citrus Growth

Citrus, the world’s most common fruit, boasts an abundance of resources and varieties and possesses a high commodity value. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and citrus roots can form a symbiotic relationship, promoting citrus growth, improving its disease resistance, and increasing the quality of the fruits. However, the literature lacks a detailed understanding of the symbiotic citrus–AMF relationship in cultivation. In this study, we reviewed the diversity (different citrus species and habitats), stress resistance (disease, drought, saline-alkali, temperature stresses), expression of defense genes, and underlying mechanisms of symbiotic AMF in citrus. Our aim was to provide a robust reference point and offer valuable insights to guide future studies on citrus symbiotic AMF and their applications in citrus planting. This review could help to facilitate AMF applications in citrus biological control (particularly in the citrus Huanglongbing) and sustainable development.

Rantai Nilai, Corporate Farming Dan Nilai Tambah Komoditas Kopi Kabupaten Temanggung

D
 Research aim: To analyze the coffee commodity value chain and (b) to analyze the opportunities and challenges of implementing coffee commodity corporate farming in Temanggung Regency
 Design/Methode/Approach: Data were obtained through interviews with several farmers, direct observations in the field, and FGDs involving the Temanggung Regency government apparatus related to the development of coffee commodities. Data are analyzed in narrative form, value chain analysis, and corporate farming model
 Research Finding: The study results show that the coffee commodity value chain in Temanggung Regency consists of input, production, collection, processing, and marketing or distribution to consumers. Each of these chains has its problems, from the smooth supply of inputs and production prices, ​​land ownership, and picking/harvesting coffee cherries that do not meet quality standards to coffee marketing. From the results of the FGD, it was also revealed that corporate farming has the opportunity to be applied to deal with the problem of coffee commodities so that it is expected to create higher added value which will be enjoyed by the farmers of Temanggung Regency
 Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study integrates value chain analysis with the corporate farming model, which has not been the concern of previous researchers
 Practitioner/Policy implication: This study offers policy proposals to the Temanggung Regional Government regarding the formation of corporate farming so that it can run effectively 
 Research limitation: Not yet analyzed based on a quantitative approach, especially related to feasibility aspects.