Value Depreciation Research Articles

Post-Prime Football Player Valuations: Depreciation Difference Between the English Premier League and the Top European Leagues

This study explores market value depreciation among soccer players across the top five European leagues, addressing a critical gap in the sports finance literature by focusing on post-prime valuation dynamics. Leveraging a dataset from the 2023/2024 season, player market values and attributes sourced from Transfermarkt and Sportmonks were analyzed using league-specific multilinear regression models. The findings reveal a consistent decline in market values beginning at age 27, with notable variation across leagues. The German Bundesliga demonstrates the steepest depreciation rates, suggesting shorter career peaks or distinct market dynamics. In contrast, the Italian Serie A and Spanish La Liga exhibit the slowest depreciation rates, preserving player value for older athletes longer than other leagues. The English Premier League and French Ligue 1 show moderate depreciation, with the Premier League’s decline closely aligning with Ligue 1 and diverging less from other leagues than traditionally assumed. These results challenge preconceived narratives about league-specific player valuations and offer empirical insights into the transfer market. By providing a nuanced understanding of depreciation trends, this study can inform strategic decisions for agents, managers, and clubs, particularly in optimizing contract negotiations, transfer strategies, and long-term asset management in professional football.

Unveiling the perspectives of Swedish homeowners on embracing space sufficiency within the context of energy renovation

Buildings have a significant impact on environmental sustainability and resource consumption, highlighting the urgent need for holistic and sustainable approaches within the built environment. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining focus groups and online surveys to examine the willingness of Single-Family Housing (SFH) owners in Sweden’s Kronoberg Region to adopt space sufficiency interventions during energy renovations and using the Attitude-Behavior-Context (ABC) theoretical framework to identify the factors influencing these decisions. The interventions studied include downsizing, optimizing space use, and converting underutilized areas into smaller living units, aiming to reduce per-capita energy consumption, and decrease both operational and embodied carbon emissions.The findings reveal a low interest among SFH owners in adopting these measures, primarily due to concerns about lifestyle changes, reduced comfort, privacy, status, and property value depreciation. While personal and psychological factors affect adoption, external factors—such as regulatory policies, economic incentives, social norms, and technical solutions—create the broader landscape that can either facilitate or hinder the implementation of sufficiency measures. The study also highlights that homeowners with larger, child-free properties are more receptive to sufficiency interventions, suggesting that life stage significantly influences readiness for change.The study calls for a systemic approach that promotes behavioral, normative, and cultural shifts through comprehensive regulations, policies, and incentives, creating the necessary conditions for broad adoption. Tailored design proposals and support structures, such as One-Stop Shop (OSS) models, are crucial in guiding homeowners through the transition. Government involvement is essential in establishing the frameworks needed to drive sufficiency, transforming homes from static to dynamic structures that evolve with changing household needs. Promoting flexible design, innovative policies, and financial incentives is vital for increasing adoption, with early adopters playing a pivotal role in accelerating market acceptance.

Next-Generation Performance Measures for Pavement Management Decision Support

Since 2012, federal legislation has promoted the use of performance-based decisions for managing the nation’s highway system. The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act established seven national goal areas and required establishment of national performance measures for pavements. Fulfillment of these requirements has strengthened highway agencies’ data-driven investment decisions, maximizing returns on public investment and maintaining highway infrastructure assets in a state of good repair. While condition-based performance measures meet the current legislative requirement, there is a need to identify “next-generation” measures that can be integrated into pavement investment decisions to drive sustainable, long-term performance management of pavements. This paper discusses lifecycle and financial performance measures that can be used in concert with existing condition-based measures to better inform pavement management decision-making. Lifecycle performance measures characterize and monetize the long-term investment strategies associated with providing the desired level of service for a highway asset. These measures proactively encourage activities that reduce the long-term cost of managing the system. Financial performance measures indicate whether an adequate level of investment is being made to offset the asset value depreciation or satisfy treatment needs to not only meet condition targets today, but to sustain those into the future. The performance measures were validated through pilot implementations at three state highway agencies and the lessons learned from the validation efforts are documented in this paper. The paper also highlights considerations for implementing next-generation pavement performance measures, as well as the potential benefits to agencies from their implementation.

Urban Disparities in Energy Performance Premium Prices: Towards an Unjust Transition?

In recent years, numerous studies have explored how energy and environmental performance impact property values. Superior energy efficiency is the basis for value disparities in real estate markets. However, measurements of these variations vary significantly. This research aims to investigate the relationship between market size and vitality and market value differences. This has significant implications for the nature of the energy transition, potentially determining fairness or inequality. The study considers the real estate market in six Italian cities: three metropolitan (Milan, Turin, and Florence) and three medium-sized cities (Padua, Mestre, and Bergamo). The sample includes 2935 properties. In metropolitan cities, hedonic pricing models confirm the relevance of energy performance in market value formation, highlighting a potential depreciation in property values by up to 30% between properties belonging to the highest energy class (A) compared to the lowest (G), and 14% between class D and G. Such premium gaps are halved in medium-sized cities. Conclusions foresee a scenario of socially and economically unjust transition that must be considered in policies aimed at improving the energy efficiency of existing buildings, with a specific concern for the nature and characteristics of the real estate markets involved.

Inflation-Driven Derivative Investment Strategies: A Comparative Analysis of Chinese and US Enterprises in 2022

Affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, the Russia-Ukraine conflict, climate change and other reasons, the global economy has shown an inflationary trend. In the context of inflation, governments and companies will bear different levels of risk. As a hedging tool, derivatives have become an important tool for all asset owners to fight against inflation risk. Through the comparative analysis of the derivative investment strategies of multiple enterprises in China and the United States in 2022, this paper tries to obtain the types of investment strategies of enterprises using derivative investment to combat inflation risk under the inflation. It has been observed that in 2022, enterprises primarily face inflation risks related to exchange rates, interest rates, and depreciation of enterprise value. In order to mitigate these risks, the formulation of the enterprise's derivative investment strategy takes into account various factors such as the enterprise's production and operation strategy, regional standard systems, and currency settlement types. Finally, based on comparative analysis, it is posited that enterprises exhibit a greater inclination towards employing interest rate and exchange rate derivatives as a means to mitigate inflation risk. In contrast, general investors can derive enhanced hedging functionality by utilizing commodity options and futures. However, when employing financial derivatives for investment purposes, one must consider the integrity of the derivatives market as well as the positioning within the industrial chain.

Nexus between the Exchange Rate Spill-Over Movement and Macroeconomic Variables in South Asian Countries

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the Exchange Rate spill-over and Macro Economic Determinants in selected South Asian Countries (Afghanistan, India and Pakistan). The study employed 10 years of data from 2011 to 2021 of macroeconomic variables such as TIN- Total Investment, INF - Inflation, IMP - Imports, EXP - Exports, GTE - Government Total Expenditure, GNL - Government Net Lending, ER – Exchange Rate. The result evidenced that selected macroeconomic variables changes doesn’t have any connection in the changes of ER of India, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The ER changes are highly autocorrelated and act highly independence in the last ten years. Moreover, the depreciation of currency values replicates economic instability and drastically straight fall. Asian countries operating their currency based on a managed floating ER regime. It’s marking a market-determined ER regime of the currency with provision for timely intervention by the central bank. Managed float regime is an international financial environment in which ERs fluctuates from day to day, but central banks attempt to influence their countries’ ERs by buying and selling currencies to maintain a certain range. This study would be useful to the retail investors to speculate and arbitrage and (economic policy) policymakers to monitor, Forecasting and Simulation the ER movements.

Efekti pandemije COVID-19 na ljudski kapital i finansijske performanse - slučaj bankarskog sektora Srbije

Human capital holds significant importance for banks, as it includes specific knowledge and skills. It serves as a crucial determinant of financial performance. However, human capital is susceptible to various factors that can exert negative effects. The COVID-19 stands as one such factor, necessitating bank restructuring and potentially resulting in a depreciation of human capital value and subsequent performance decline. The objective of the research is to investigate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the human capital of banks in the Republic of Serbia and evaluate its implications on financial performance. The research spanned across all banks operating in the Republic of Serbia throughout the period of 2019 to 2021. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was employed to assess the difference in human capital value over the observed period. Furthermore, the regression analysis was implemented to investigate the impact of human capital on ROA, ROE, and NPM. Results showed that COVID-19 pandemic has led to a decrease in the value of human capital in banks in the Republic of Serbia. The financial performance of banks is positively influenced by human capital in the short term. However, over the long term, the value of human capital depreciates, resulting in a diminishing impact on financial performance.

Feasibility Analysis of Investing in Additional Vehicles at An Egg Distributor

Business or investment feasibility analysis is research into a business plan that will analyze whether the investment to be made is feasible or not. Amalia Bintang Telur is located in the Cibitung area, Bekasi, West Java and has a branch located in Kalibata, South Jakarta which is the object of this research. This distributor has vehicles in the form of Grandmax type pick-up cars. The car's carrying capacity is 1800 kg. The problem faced by this distributor is that there are frequent delays due to a lack of vehicles for distribution, while there is high demand to be met. Usually, in dealing with these delays, distributors negotiate first with customers. If not addressed, the level of customer satisfaction with this distributor will decrease. There are several methods used to analyze the feasibility of an investment, namely, NPV, PP, Interest Rate (IRR) and Sum off Years Depreciation. It is concluded that the investment in adding a pick up car is worth doing, seen from the resulting positive NPV value of Rp. 942,260,893.38, based on the payback method this investment period is worth doing because the return occurs in the 1st year which produces a cumulative value of positive, the IRR investment method is worth investing in because the IRR value obtained is greater than the MARR used, namely 399% > 15%. For depreciation value, car prices tend to decrease every year. In the first year, the book value decreases by 19.44%, but after that, the depreciation in value will slow down with the depreciation percentage continuing to decrease by 2.34% until the eighth year.

MAIN TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN MEDICAL EDUCATION

Under modern conditions, the world is developing globally. Analyzing the main directions, it is worth noting that in the economy, this notion is expressed by the transition of most peoples and cultures to market relations; in politics – to democracy; in the system of social communications – to tolerance; in the field of the general organization of the life process – to the model of an open society and sustainable human development. Education and science are no exception. They prepare people for independent living and form their perspective on the civilizational future of humanity.
 This article examines the main trends of modern education, in particular, medical education, which include priority development in the strategy of newest state-building; ensuring its quality; anthropocentrism, development and equal access to quality education as an open holistic system, its informatization; modernization of content and educational technologies; innovative development of education as a response to the challenges of innovative progress; organic connection with science and culture; complementation of diverse knowledge modern education system; formation of scientific and inclusive education; its practical orientation.
 The countries that have succeeded are those where education has been established as a priority area of life.
 A relevant area of the world-class education level is its functioning and development as a democratic system.
 The next area is the social role of education in social cohesion development. In this case, working with internally displaced persons and students is a particular challenge. The difficulty in the political and socio-economic situation in Ukraine requires an immediate solution to this problem to unite our society as quickly and effectively as possible, namely through the development of educational communities.
 Social cohesion is complex but important to study. Therefore, it is necessary to understand its elements: mutual assistance, trust, otherness acceptance, justice perception, and civic engagement.
 The level of social cohesion in Ukrainian society is low and, according to some reports, tends to decline. This decline is a consequence of growing social inequality, low levels of public trust in government and other institutions, massive social disintegration, and depreciation of social solidarity and work values. The interests in increasing social cohesion require the implementation of a set of scientific, practical, and institutional measures. The development of social cohesion in the educational environment is a priority for Ukraine and the EU. It is necessary to overcome obstacles and take certain steps to implement this priority area of social and educational policy.
 Education in any country is a national product developed considering national traditions, lifestyle features, and national character. Therefore, a reasonable combination of traditions and innovations opens the door to the future and ensures the development of a person as a citizen of a country and a human being capable of living in the European and global space. These trends appear as the main guidelines for the improvement of education today.

Jignesh Shah vs. Union of India

India is a fast-developing economy, to sustain such growth a healthy cash flow is required. This cash flow is brought in by businesses and companies. But when a company or business begins to default on its loans, it is referred to as becoming insolvent. This causes credit to become trapped in the system or to convert into bad loans. It is crucial that creditors and banks are able to recover as much as possible from the defaulter in order to prevent this. Therefore, a number of regulations were enacted to allow credit to enter the system and to minimize the depreciation of assets' value.

Analysis of Capital Values of Duplex Residential Properties in Benin Property Market Segments

Duplexes are types of residential properties built and designed on two floors to accommodate a single family unit and these have become a trending form of residential accommodation in recent times. An investor would be interested in observing the trend of capital value of such investment to be able to appreciate his venture. The aim of this study is to analyze the capital value of duplex residential properties in Benin property market, having the objectives of determining the trend and significance of variation of capital values in the identified market segments of Benin City. The survey research design was used as the research methodology. Estate surveying and valuation firms active in property management in Benin provided responses through questionnaires, interviews and observed documented records. Tables, graphs, trend analysis, and one-way ANOVA were used to examine the data collected. The study revealed that the trend of capital values of Duplexes has been steadily increasing over time, and indicated significant variation in the respective property market segments except in Siluko. As a result, it was concluded that the trends and variations could be attributed to the level of accessibility of the property, cost of building materials, trends in the property market, cost of land, and other factors, and that prospective investors should consider these factors before investing in Duplex residential property in Benin City in order to hedge over loss or depreciation of capital value of investment.

Value creation in the 4IR

Value creation in the 4IR is customer-centric, interactive and hyper-personalised. Real-time consumer brand experiences, interactions and relations can be transformed into quantifiable data that can be monitored and tracked (‘datafication’). This study theorises that platform ecosystems, including millennials, converge on digital multisided platforms (MSPs), which are sociotechnical constructs that foment and generate significant value for platform owners and users. As value creation has risen as a digital economy business imperative, and a subject for academic research, the importance of millennials to brands warrants further investigation. This study aims to show how the interplay of social relations between millennials and brands, along with technology, are used to create value from the millennials’ perspective. To this end, it uses a consumer-dominant logic to explain and predict novel connections between key value creation constructs by millennial prosumers, including sole-creation, co-creation, collaboration, value destruction, value depreciation and value co-destruction. It presents three propositions that reimagine fit-for-purpose brands as interoperable constructs which exhibit complementarity, as well as the social dynamics of millennial interaction on digital MSPs. Findings indicate a cyclical value-interdependent relational system between millennials and brands, where millennial interaction leads to the creation or destruction of value. It also demonstrates how brands and platform owners can collaborate with millennials as an important and technologically savvy generation to co-create, capture and communicate value on digital MSPs.

Economic analysis of dairy production in Uganda, a case study on the performance of dairy cattle enterprises in Southwestern Uganda

Abstract. Waiswa D, Günlü A. 2022. Economic analysis of dairy production in Uganda, a case study on the performance of dairy cattle enterprises in Southwestern Uganda. Asian J Agric 6: 61-67. The economic performance of dairy cattle enterprises in Southwestern Uganda was analyzed in this study. A survey was conducted on 100 dairy cattle enterprises in Mbarara, Kiruhura, Lyantonde, Ibanda, and Isingiro Districts using data compilation forms covering the 2019/20 production year. The unit production cost of milk was determined as US$0.19L-1. Veterinary expenses had the largest share of the production costs at 24.94%, followed by labor costs, depreciation of the inventory value, other expenses, and feed costs, which contributed 14.11%, 12.46%, 11.96%, and 11.41%, respectively. Additional costs included the depreciation of animals, electricity and water, buildings, equipment and machinery, maintenance-repair, and general administrative expenses, which contributed 9.95%, 7.86%, 2.54%, 2.29%, and 2.48% to the total production costs, respectively. As a result, while the net profit of the enterprises was determined as US$1435.29, their financial profitability was 0.59, the profitability factor was 12.20, and the output-input ratio was 1.06. The overall profitability of the enterprises was affected mainly by the high veterinary expenses due to the high prevalence rates of tick-borne infections and the irrational distribution of capital elements. Therefore, measures to reduce the occurrence of tick-borne diseases are considered vital in lowering milk production costs, thereby increasing the profitability of enterprises.

Measuring Inadequacy in Compensation for the Compulsory Acquisition of Land: Evidence from Bengaluru, India

Taking inspiration from the longstanding problem of inadequate compensation for the compulsory acquisition of private land for a public purpose, this research estimates the economic value of (i) future development potential of land or ‘hope value’; and (ii) depreciation in property value due to acquisition notification or ‘blight’. Using empirical data on property transactions conducted in the Bengaluru Mysore Infrastructure Corridor (BMIC) project area and registered with sub-registrar offices in Bengaluru India during 2007–14, this research innovatively combines the duration model and hedonic price model to estimate the above. Results indicate that the current mechanisms for compensation are inadequately compensating for the land. The loss of the hope value ranges between 2.39 to 8.35 times the market value of agricultural land in 2006 and loss due to blight is approximately 31 percent. Compensating for these losses ex-ante should induce fairness in the compulsory acquisition process and reduce arbitrariness in the valuation of essential components of a compensation package, thus unburdening the valuation responsibilities of the legal institutions. These findings empirically support the argument of payment of additional monetary compensation to the market value of land and provide a rational measure of the same.

Sustainability transitions of contaminated sites: A global meta‐analysis on economic effects of remediation behaviour

AbstractThe worldwide diversity of contaminated sites, coupled with a scarcity of available land presents a challenge for urban spatial planning and, has led to an increasing political significance for brownfield conservation and reuse to achieve land resource sustainability. In this study, economic or the so‐called ‘rebound effects’ of land regeneration are studied via a global meta‐analysis on value fluctuation of surrounding property. To this end, a total of 91 observations from 28 HPM (hedonic pricing model) studies were synthesized to conduct a meta‐analysis following a conditional random effects procedure. The empirical results indicate that, in line with expectations, the conservation and recycling of land resource indeed generate significant rebound in the implicit price of residential houses, especially for those located within 2 km of contaminated sites. Before land remediation and reuse, dwellings closest in distance to contaminated sites experience the greatest value loss. On average, the depreciation in property values within the first 1 km distance from a contaminated site is about 8.18%, significantly at the 1% level, while the corresponding adverse impact from 1 to 2 km distance is a 4.8% price premium significantly at the 5% level. The significance of the stigma or rebound effects depends on 12 attributes, in which, house age, location, floor area ratio (FAR), and central business district (CBD) variables have the largest impact of −37.38% to 37.5%. From a practical perspective, the findings of this meta‐analysis: (1) help refine contributing parameters in HPM studies to evaluate environmental economics; and (2) provide meaningful decision‐making support for cost‐effective remediation and benefit maximization.

Philosophical Classification of the Concepts of Modernization of Society and Moral Values

All his life a person lives in a world of countless values. The creature that surrounds humanity, the natural and social environment - the values that represent the most important aspects of an important, living and inanimate nature - are universal. Such values were eternal, absolute and sacred values that never lost their significance for society. The article describes values, their classification, depreciation of values and its reasons.

Отложенные налоги в российской и зарубежной практике: проблемы и предложения по их решению

Modern accounting theory and practice and analysis of deferred taxes should be more focused on value depreciation procedure, evaluation of tax behavior, and calculation of economic coefficients. In this regard, deferred taxation theory development turns out to be a relevant issue by outlining unresolved controversial issues with their appropriate remedies. The study is aimed at identifying the key issues in accounting and analysis of deferred taxes and justifying the proposals to improve the registration and interpretation of tax effects. The paper specifies the nature of deferred taxes in a broad and narrow sense. The essence of tax assets, criteria of their recognition and ability to transfer the cost as expenses vs. income are disclosed. The concepts of temporary and timing differences are theoretically formalized in the case study of emerging taxable differences. Two methodologies are developed for the deferred tax assets depreciation procedure, and a methodological mechanism of creation and restoration of valuation allowance is explained in the context of international experience. The informational significance and importance of deferred taxes in economic (investment) decision making are characterized, and company’s tax behavior is described in the context of the changes in the corporate tax rate and the amount of deferred taxes in the balance sheet. The economic analysis reasons the ambiguous influence of deferred taxes elimination due to the indirect “effects” that arise. The results of the work contribute to the development of accounting theory and methodology, which is useful for a wide range of experts, specialized in financial accounting, auditing, taxation, economic analysis, and other areas. Further research is seen to be connected with theoretical substantiation of the deferred taxation theory and its proof of applicability, as well as the development of a methodology for analyzing net deferred tax positions.

Shampoos as a Mosquito Controller - A Preliminary Toxicity Study on Its Larvicidal Potential

Mosquito Control is important to the community because of the vector potential that exists from mosquitoes in transmitting diseases and the annoyance factor in disrupting outdoor activities. The vector potential of mosquitoes stems from the female's bloodsucking habits. Various mosquito species are capable of transmitting malaria, dengue, yellow fever, filariasis, encephalitis, chikungunya, and Zika viruses and other diseases. Apart from being a nuisance to the public by affecting labor efficiency, depreciation of real estate values, and interference with outdoor activities, they also affect the health of livestock, pets, and wild animal population. Several techniques are used for mosquito control like chemical control, biological control, source reduction, environmental control, genetic control, traps and personal protection. Shampoos being regularly used, the effluent containing the same is being discharged into the open environment. The present study attempts to investigate the larvicidal effects of different shampoos (a means of chemical control) on mosquito larvae. Toxicity studies were carried out using the serial dilution method and LC50 was estimated for each of the shampoo type (Superia, Clinic Plus, Dove, Sunsilk) at 24h interval for five days. A comparison of the lethal effect of these shampoos at specific concentrations (0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3 and 0.4) was also done. The study reveals that Superia shampoo has the best larvicidal properties (0.1mlL1) compared to Dove (0.15ml L-1), Sunsilk (0.15ml L-1) and Clinic Plus (0.2ml L-1). The low LC50 value for a particular shampoo could be attributed to the special combination of ingredients used in its preparation which could be employed for mosquito control. An extensively used cosmetic product could be turned into an effective vector control product with further research in the area.

CHANGES IN REAL ESTATE VALUE DYNAMICS DURING SERVICE CYCLES AS A SOURCE OF NEGATIVE PERIODIC PROPERTY DEPRECIATION

Main methodological principles of mathematically describing the patterns of changes in the asset’s value/depreciation dynamics are studied in cases when economic measurements are performed by independent expert evaluation. The basic hypothesis suggests that for all tangible assets, which are characterized by redeemable depreciation, there is a possibility of negative periodic depreciation during short-term service periods when remedial and repair work to eliminate depreciation signs is carried out. The most influential price-forming factors that determine the asset’s depreciation indexes and indicators of value dynamics over long periods are identified and analysed. It is shown that when this period is comparable to the asset’s service life, most of tangible assets are characterized by both positive and negative periodic depreciation indexes at separate times. It is noted that the models used in accounting documents do not describe the actual changes in the value dynamics, and amortization in particular, since they do not take into account the possibility of increasing asset value and periodic negative depreciation. A new kind of mathematical model is proposed that takes into account the opposite signs of periodic depreciation in the operation and service periods. It is proved that the actual indicators of fair market value and periodic depreciation indexes of these types of assets can be determined by performing periodic independent expert evaluation (revaluation).

Time and the value of data

This paper investigates the effectiveness of time-dependent data in improving the quality of AI-based products and services. Time-dependency means that data loses its relevance to problems over time. This loss causes deterioration in the algorithm's performance and, thereby, a decline in created business value. We model time-dependency as a shift in the probability distribution and derive several counter-intuitive results. We, theoretically, prove that even an infinite amount of data collected over time may have limited substance for predicting the future, and an algorithm that is trained on a current dataset of bounded size can attain a similar performance. Moreover, we prove that increasing data volume by including older datasets may put a company in a disadvantageous position. Having these results, we answer questions on how data volume creates a competitive advantage. We argue that time-dependency weakens the barrier to entry that data volume creates for a business. So much that competing firms equipped with a limited, but sufficient, amount of current data can attain better performance. This result, together with the fact that older datasets may deteriorate algorithms' performance, casts doubt on the significance of first-mover advantage in AI-based markets. We complement our theoretical results with an experiment. In the experiment, we empirically measure the value loss in text data for the next word prediction task. The empirical measurements confirm the significance of time-dependency and value depreciation in AI-based businesses. For example, after seven years, 100MB of text data becomes as useful as 50MB of current data for the next word prediction task.