Philosophical Classification of the Concepts of Modernization of Society and Moral Values

An animal’s behavioral phenotype comprises several traits, which are hierarchically structured in functional units. This is manifested in measured behaviors often being correlated, partly reflecting the need of a coordinated functional response. Unfortunately, we still have limited understanding whether consistent differences in animal behaviors are due to underlying physiological constraints or a result of plastic adaptation to their current environment. Therefore, characterizing the spatial distribution of behaviors can provide important insights into causes and consequences of behavioral variation. In the present study, we quantified behaviors in a wild, free-ranging population of the Neotropical frog Allobates femoralis. We investigated how these behaviors were linked to the frogs’ natural and social environment and quantified the extent to which these behaviors consistently differed among individuals (i.e., animal personality). We assessed levels of aggressiveness, exploration, and boldness by measuring several underlying behaviors expressed in a set of experimental assays, and found evidence for consistent among-individual differences along these axes. Contrary to our expectation, there was no relationship between individual behaviors and their natural environment, but we found a plastic response of males to changes in female density, which might reflect how individuals cope with their socio-ecological environment.Significance statementHow are behavioral phenotypes distributed across space? Here, we studied an entire free-ranging population of poison frogs, and investigated if the personality traits aggressiveness, exploration, and boldness are linked to the frogs’ natural or social environment. We found that behavioral traits were non-randomly distributed across the population, suggesting that the spatial arrangement of behavioral traits reflects how individuals cope with their complex natural and social environment.

Getting involved in research activities in nature lessons, pupils investigate natural environment, are able to present detailed and logical information. While applying experiment, observation in teaching/learning process, all group members have the best opportunity to reveal themselves, their motivation to achieve better results increases, the sense of personal responsibility is being developed. Research activities in nature lessons help pupils to recognise and understand the closest social and natural environment, to find out how these environments influence people’s lifestyles. The pupils develop the wish to preserve and cherish living and inanimate nature, cultural values and natural heritage. Keywords: research activities, experiments, nature lessons.

The proposed scientific work represents the main research results concerning the development of a person’s environmental consciousness at adolescence in the context of the studied system of adolescents’ attitudes to the World. Ecological consciousness is considered as a subjective reflection of the personal, social and natural environment, as a single indivisible human World, which manifests itself in ecologically directed (eco-centric) human behaviour. An individual’s attitudes are understood as active, conscious, integral, selective and based on experience relations of the individual with different aspects of reality, which exist in the form of a single system.The World basic elements are revealed through the development of environmental consciousness at the level of the personal, social and natural spheres of a personality and reflect the system of relations, respectively, to oneself, to others and to the nature. Moreover, the World itself is indivisible and united.Environmental consciousness is described as a complex system, having two subsystems: the structural components of ecological consciousness and an individual’s attitudes to the World. The main structural components of environmental consciousness are cognitive, emotive, value-semantic, consumer-motivational and conative. The elements of an adolescent’s single indivisible World are its personal, social and natural spheres. Within the framework of the personal world, environmental consciousness is determined as attitudes towards oneself, social consciousness means attitudes towards others, and natural consciousness means attitudes towards the nature.Adolescents’ personal sphere is determined by their attitudes to Self, to thoughts, emotions, values ​​and needs, formed in their families and internalized into their inner picture of the World. The development of the environmental consciousness components at the level of the personal sphere is based on the development of reflection, critical thinking, as well as a reassessment of values.Adolescents’ social sphere is expressed through a system of relations and interpersonal interactions. The development of the environmental consciousness components at the social level is based on the formation of their sense of maturity and self-affirmation in a group of peers. Adolescents’ natural sphere of the World is determined by the pragmatism of relations to the animate and inanimate nature, and the development of the environmental consciousness components is based on socially significant activities in relation to the nature.The empirical study of adolescents’ attitudes to people, the nature and themselves has revealed the declining hierarchical sequence of adolescents’ attitudes to the World. In particular, the social world — the world of others and interactions with them — is the most significant for adolescents. The least significant for adolescents is the nature. Adolescents’ attitudes to themselves – their personal world – create intermediate link of the significance hierarchy.

The article analyzes the peculiarities of professional training of future teachers for the organization of proenvironmental education of preschool children in modern preschool education institutions. It was emphasized that the content of such training should be based on the provisions of regulatory documents, taking into account the requirements of the Basic Component of Preschool Education (State Standard of Preschool Education), which contains the content and key requirements for the formation of preschool children's natural and ecological competence and skills focused on sustainable development. It has been established that the ecological education of children in the process of their familiarization with the natural environment should be aimed at raising a conscious, responsible and caring attitude towards the natural environment and all possible forms of existence of its objects. The ultimate goal of environmental education is the formation of environmental awareness and ecological culture. Operational goals of pro-ecological education of preschool children are presented in separate blocks: creation of conditions for children to search for information of natural and ecological content; acquainting children with adults' views on nature; formation of children's ability to observe changes in the natural environment, skills of careful attitude to the natural environment, economical consumption of resources and nature conservation; forming in adults a sense of moral responsibility for the state of the natural and social environment and a careful attitude towards the nature of the native land in general. In the context of the effective training of masters in preschool education for environmental activities with preschool children, the characteristics of the foundations of pro-ekological consciousness of preschool children were revealed, namely: the ability to learn about the phenomena of the social and natural environment; interest in learning about the world around and the phenomena that occur in it; awareness and understanding of the rules that exist in nature; responsibility for various forms of life on Earth; activity and awareness of the feeling of mutual indivisibility between nature and people; the need to protect and respect the natural environment.

Identify strategies to implement change across the Australian healthcare sector to better support social and natural environments. Methods. Qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with Australian healthcare professionals. Interviewees described multiple barriers to implementing change and numerous strategies to overcome these barriers. They argued that action must be taken at the individual and systemic levels to produce substantial and effective change. The strategies recommended fall into four main categories: altering workplace cultures and professional identities, community engagement, political activity, and change from within. The overarching goals of these strategies are to reduce negative impacts on the natural environment, and increase social equity within and across generations. By implementing the strategies described, a more cohesive effort to address sustainability issues across the sector can be made. This may improve local and global health, within current and future generations. WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THE TOPIC? Healthcare has a significant impact on the natural and social environments, which in turn have a significant impact upon health and healthcare. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER ADD? This paper describes strategies to alter healthcare to better support environmental sustainability. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTITIONERS? Collective implementation of the described strategies may allow a more cohesive and effective response across the Australian healthcare sector, to enhance local and global health for current and future generations.

The global burden of breast cancer in women is substantial and increasing. Efforts to address breast cancer have focused on primary prevention, reduction of modifiable risk factors, early detection, timely referral for appropriate treatment, and survivorship. Environmental and lifestyle factors that increase breast cancer risk include ionizing radiation, exogenous hormones, certain female reproductive factors, alcohol and other dietary factors, obesity, and physical inactivity. A variety of chemical exposures are purported to be associated with breast cancer. In this article, we summarize the influence of the natural, social, built, and policy environments on breast cancer incidence and cancer recurrence in women based upon bibliographic searches and relevant search terms. Despite a lack of conclusive evidence from epidemiologic studies, exposures to chemicals with estrogenic or other properties relevant to sex steroid activity could influence breast cancer risk if the exposures occur at critical life stages or in combination with exposure to other similar chemicals. Results from several studies support an association between shift work and disruption of the circadian rhythm with breast cancer risk. The social environment likely influences breast cancer risk through several mechanisms including social norms pertaining to breast feeding, age at first live birth, parity, use of oral contraceptives and replacement estrogens, diet, and consumption of alcohol. Social norms also influence body weight, obesity, and physical activity, which have an effect on risk of breast cancer incidence and recurrence. Obesity, which is influenced by the social, built, and policy environments, is a risk factor for the development of postmenopausal breast cancer and certain other cancer types. The natural, social, built, and policy environments affect breast cancer incidence and survival. Effective health care policies can encourage the provision of high-quality screening and treatment for breast cancer and public education about the value of proper diet, weight control, screening and treatment. Additional research and policy development is needed to determine the value of limiting exposures to potentially carcinogenic chemicals on breast cancer prevention.

Abstract: Ecoagriculture in China began in the late 1970's/early 1980's. This system aims to bring about the most effective coordination of social, economic and ecological factors in agricultural practices. Key approaches include ecological planning at the landscape level, cycling system design at the ecosystem level, and the re—establishment of the importance of biodiversity. The social and economic environment favoured for ecoagriculture is important in order to enable its development. For the social environment, it is important to set up the necessary moral standards involved through educational, legislative and evaluation systems. For the economic environment, efficient government subsidy policies, an effective market system to deal with pollutant discharge, and efficient markets for the sale of ecologically—friendly products.

In the history of special needs education, the distinction between human nature and its social environment has been a controversial matter. The controversy regards whether special needs are primarily caused by the child's psycho-medical body or by cultural concepts of normality and deviance. Settlements of this controversy govern whether the pupil or the educational institution becomes the main point of intervention. In Denmark, the particularities of settlements can be identified by juxtaposing the introduction of intelligence testing in the 1930s with the contemporary policy agenda of inclusion. With intelligence testing, special needs education was to service children whose needs were seen as part of their human nature. Inclusion, in turn, assumes special needs to be stigmatizing cultural labels that need to be abandoned by changing school cultures. Drawing on actor-network theory we can approach such settlements as a product of a modern division between human nature and social environment. Although both these settlements depend on a distinction between human nature and social environment, this distinction generates practical tensions for each settlement.

Both the natural and social environments affect land-use patterns. We analyzed their effects on current landscape structure in Miyazaki Prefecture, southern Japan. A digital land-use map with 8 categories (paddy field, other agricultural field, woodland, devastated field, building, transport filed, golf field and other land-use) provided in the National Land Numerical Information was used for the landscape analysis. Forty-five regions (9 cities, 28 towns, 7 villages and whole prefecture) in Miyazaki Prefecture were classified by the cluster analysis using proportion of each land-use into 3 landscape types : “Urban-farm type”, “Intermediate type”, and “Mountainous forest type”. This classification was well corresponded to the average elevation and slope of the regions. Among the four selected regions for detail analysis, Miyazaki City and Kobayashi City were classified as the Urban-farm type, Aya Town as Intermediate type, and Shiiba Village as Mountainous forest type, indicating correspondence of the social environment with landscape types. Further analysis of these four selected regions, using Jacob's electivity index in relation to the natural environments, revealed clear patterns of land-use habit : high electivity for intensive land-use (buildings, paddy field, and agricultural field) at lower elevation and gentle slope classes, and for less intensive land-use (woodland) at higher elevation and steep slope classes. Influence of slope on electivity was more evident than that of elevation. The analysis also showed slight different patterns of electivity between the regions even for the same land use in the same natural environments. This indicated the possible evidence of varying electivity influenced by different social environments. We concluded these results that the landscape structure and its interaction with the social environment would have been developed under strong constraints of the natural environment represented by topography in the studied area.

The purpose of the Article to identify global features of human development in the day, the Anthropocene, which is characterized by the total impact of man on nature and the world as a whole, and which, in turn, highlights the issue of cultural and value relations, giving points of intersection of human culture and environment, ecosemiotics) that transform the world. The research methodology is based on the application of a systematic approach, analytical method, synthetic, culturological, and axiological, which will allow a comprehensive consideration of these issues and formulate sound conclusions. The scientific novelty is characterized by the fact that for the first time the issue of globality of human development in the Anthropocene from the standpoint of cultural and value dimension, which is part of the systems of natural and social environment, transformed and created by man. This makes it possible to understand the place and role of culture as a global factor in the formation and transformation of values that determine the main directions of the development of human civilization. Conclusions. The study found that the study of the global nature of human development in the Anthropocene, which, going beyond the purely geological and ecological framework of its understanding, raises several human development issues that need to be addressed through an integrated approach, affecting social, cultural, economic, political and other aspects of human existence. The deepening contradictions and problems that have arisen as a result of various human activities and are determined by the impact of mankind on the environment, require the search for new strategies to resolve these contradictions, reconsider the scientific concepts of anthropocentrism, humanism, values , and worldviews. Culture is of great importance as a civilizational phenomenon formed as a result of human activity and which can serve as a factor in solving the problems of the negative consequences of human activity. World analysts argue that it is inevitable to reconsider and rethink the prospects ofhuman existence in a globalized world, which, unfortunately, is moving towards instability and conflict, due to the exacerbation of a number of factors, both economic and political, which can lead to existential risks and even disasters. Therefore, not only the issues of prompt response/intervention in resolving such situations but also taking measures at a more fundamental, value level become relevant on the agenda.Key words: Anthropocene, global development, natural environment, human activity, culture, civilization, values,social environment.

В статье идет речь о социально‑культурной деятельности как ресурсе развития духовно‑нравственных ценностей молодежи. Авторы статьи акцентируют внимание на том, что в настоящее время развитие духовно‑нравственных ценностей молодежи в социально‑культурной среде малых городов является одной из главных проблем современного общества. Подчеркивается, что роль социально‑культурной среды малых городов в формировании духовно‑нравственных ценностей молодежи в значительной мере увеличивается в связи со значимостью уникального микроклимата, в ко‑ тором естественным и непринужденным образом проходит процесс социализации и на комфортном уровне поддерживается культурная преемственность поколений. С целью выявления особенностей восприятия духовно‑нравственных ценностей молодежью авторами статьи проведено анкетирование на базе МБУК «ЦКР «Юбилейный» (город Бирюч Красногвардейского района Белгородской области), в ходе которого выяснилось, что особенности восприятия духовно‑нравственных ценностей отдельной молодежью в социально‑культурной среде города Бирюч находятся на частично автономном уровне. Социально‑культурная среда города Бирюч способна предоставить все необходимые условия для раз‑ вития полной автономности молодежи, но для этого ей следует использовать предельно ясные и глубоко выстроенных механизмы по формированию духовно‑нравственных ценностей, заблаговременная реализация которых исключит пренебрежение молодежью содержанием собственного внутреннего мира в процессе повышения личностного роста. В ходе исследования авторами разработан проект экспериментальных курсов для молодежи «Восхождение» по развитию предпосылок к формированию духовно‑нравственных ценностей молодежи в социально‑культурной среде малого города Бирюч. Определена основополагающая роль учреждений куль‑ туры малых городов, которая заключается в сохранении и формировании продуктов культуры, представляющих духовную и нравственную ценность The article examines the socio‑cultural activities as a resource for development of the spiritual and moral values of young people. The authors of the article emphasize that at present the development of spiritual and moral values of young people in the socio‑cultural environment of small cities is one of the main tasks of cultural institutions and the main way to overcome one of the key problems of our time It is emphasized that the modernization of modern socio‑cultural institutions should be aimed at strengthening the priorities of spiritual and moral education. The modeling of the educational space in order to ensure self‑determination of the individual, the creation of conditions for its self‑realiza‑ tion, involves the search for new methods and forms of work. The authors conducted a survey, which suggests that the peculiarities of the perception of spiritual and moral val‑ ues by individual youth in the social and cultural environment of the city of Biryuch are at a partially autonomous level. The social and cultural environment of the city Biryuch is able to provide all the necessary conditions for the development of com‑ plete autonomy of each youth, but for this it should use extremely clear and deeply built mechanisms for the formation of spiritual and moral values, the implementation of which in advance will lead to the exclusion of indulgence in the content of their own internal world in the process of increasing personal growth. In the course of the study, the authors developed a draft of the experimental courses for youth “Ascension”, on the development of prerequisites for the formation of spiritual and moral values of young people in the social and cultural environment of the small city Biryuch. The fundamental role of cultural institutions of small cities has been defined, which consists in the preservation, formation and presentation of cultural products of spiritual and moral value

In this study, we examined roles of three vegetation characteristics in provisioning of a recreation service by applying a machine-learning method to 4,708,229 spatially-explicit records of hiking activity in Japan. Then, expected impacts of land-use changes assessed and mapped based on the model. Associations between a recreation service and three vegetation characteristics were considerably variable depending on the social and natural environment such as accessibility and altitude. As a consequence, expected impacts of unit changes in vegetation characteristics on the service flow were considerably heterogeneous throughout the study area. The signs (positive or negative) of the impact can be reversed depending on the contexts even among nearby sites. Such notable but variable contributions of vegetation on a recreation service should be carefully reflected in landscape management. Even moderate changes in either the quantity or quality of vegetation can have a considerable impact on the frequency of hiking activity. Landscape management for promotion of the recreation service should be carefully designed for each locality on the grounds of the context-dependent effects of vegetation.

Ecolinguistics studies the interrelationships between language and environment. The environment refers to the relationships between both social and physical environment, as well as the relationships between language and culture. The Ecolinguistics and Dialectical theories view that the environment consists of Three Dimensions of Social Praxis, which are: Ideology, Sociology, and Biology Dimensions. The concept of Three Dimensions of Social Praxis is closely related to the concept of balance and harmony in life which is called Tri Hila Karana. This concept consists of three aspects, namely: Parhyangan Aspects (Spiritual Environment), Pawongan Aspects (Social Environment), and Palemahan Aspects (Natural Environment). The rapid development of tourism brings two major impacts to the environment, namely: positive and negative impacts. The negative impact will effect the existence of Subak as an inseparable part of Palemahan Aspect (natural or physical environment). The availability of ricefield or land is getting less and less as a result of land conversion process into tourism facilities, such as hotel, villa, and the like. Consequently, many ecolexicon of Subak will be eroded. In other words, erosion of Subak ecolexicon cannot be avoided.

Get the new educational standard under the Council of Social Work Education for human behavior and social environment studies!Critical thinking skills are an indispensable component of any educational program, but especially the HBSE curriculum. The Conundrum of Human Behavior in the Social Environment shows ways to spark those needed skills while providing a comprehensive framework on the social environment impact and human behavior theory crucial for graduate and undergraduate courses. Macro, mezzo, and micro forces are examined in depth, along with considerations for redesigning the content in HBSE curricula in accordance with current educational standards. Noted authorities detail evidence-based practices and present extensive referencing along with offering Web site listings and syllabi for coursework.The Conundrum of Human Behavior in the Social Environment presents theories of behavioral change that can be facilitated by practitioners to eliminate or modify undesirable behaviors, as well as provides a framework useful for understanding how a macro-system consisting of four societal forces (social justice, social problems, social policy, and the political economy) works to influence a micro-system of community, organizational, and group dynamic. Four types of HB and SE course outlines are presented and discussed with an eye toward strengthening foundation courses, along with an analysis of fourteen frequently used Human Behavior and Social Environment textbooks based on the Council on Social Work Education’s 2001 guidelines that also offers a framework for integrating content. The application of the transtheoretical model of behavioral change to the welfare to work transition with public housing residents is presented using both quantitative and qualitative data that has been closely analyzed.The Conundrum of Human Behavior in the Social Environment provides: extensive references clear and helpful figures and tables of data numerous appendices of useful detailed outlines and descriptions of textbooks lists of Web sites a syllabi and course sequence description for micro/macro/mezzo issuesThe Conundrum of Human Behavior in the Social Environment is valuable reading for students, educators, social workers, health professionals, psychologists, sociologists, and other human services professionals interested in staying on top of the shifts of focus in human behavior and social environmental curriculums.

Climate science has outlined targets for reductions of greenhouse gas emissions necessary to provide a substantial chance of avoiding the worst impacts of climate change on both natural and human systems. How to reach those targets, however, requires balancing physical realities of the natural environment with the complexity of the human social environment, including histories, cultures, and values. Archaeology is the study of interactions of natural and social environments through time and across space. As well, the field of cultural resources management, which includes archaeology, regularly engages with values such as site significance and allocation of funding that the modern social environment ascribes to its own history. Through these two approaches, archaeology has potential to provide both data for and methods of addressing challenges the global community faces through climate change. To date, however, archaeology and related areas of cultural heritage have had relatively little role in the global climate response. Here, we assess the social environment of archaeology and climate change and resulting structural barriers that have limited use of archaeology in and for climate change with a case study of the US federal government. On this basis, we provide recommendations to the fields of archaeology and climate response about how to more fully realize the multiple potential uses of archaeology for the challenges of climate change.