Value Of Technology Research Articles

Application of Taguchi model to valuation of information security technology considering security quality failure

As interests in intangible assets in a digital economy have been growing, technology valuation is becoming increasingly more important in information technology management. Most existing valuation methods do not reflect the unique characteristics of technology. Thus, this paper aims to suggest an approach for technology valuation that considers the nature of information security technology. First, technological value is evaluated by scoring value factors that are used to analyse the intrinsic characteristics and application of technology. Second, to evaluate the market value, the expected profit of the technology will be deduced by using an income approach, reflecting on the characteristics of information security products and services. The weighted sum of factors from the previous scoring process plays a role in adjusting the expected profit. Third, the Taguchi loss function is applied to calculate the amount of social loss incurred due to the lower quality level of security. The final result of technology valuation is presented by integrating the expected profit and social loss. The proposed approach is illustrated with a case of safe symmetric key algorithm, one of information security technologies in Korea. The results of technology valuation will provide objective information for technology transfer and the selection of R&D projects.

A Case Study of Application of Technology Valuation Model for Domestic Defense Industry

A Case Study of Application of Technology Valuation Model for Domestic Defense Industry

Editorial

The 59th issue of the Cuadernos de Administración journal, after a process of assessment, selected 6 papers that will be at the academic community’s disposition. They are part of the papers published this year 2017 where we are implementing the most important changes in the history of the journal.The first paper bears the title International markets entry strategy determinants: an exploratory study in Peru which proposes identifying determining factors in the strategies of entry into international markets as implemented by Peruvian businessmen. Exportations within the non-traditional sector are proposed among its findings.The second paper is about a case study of a company from Colombia’s engineering sector from where an organizational culture model for innovation is proposed; its title being “Proposal of an organizational culture model for innovation”. Its conclusions include recommendations for an intervention within organization and improving innovation from creativity.The third title “Management of technology valuation in plastic packages-producing companies of Bogotá, Colombia” is related with the topic of technology valuation in Colombian companies, where the low usage of these kinds of tools is identified within the management of companies and the usage limitations in the few companies that use them.Technological capacity and knowledge acquiring as key factors for performance in Cali’s industrial sector’s SMEs is the fourth paper to be published in this number. This is an empirical study performed in 124 Colombian SMEs located in Cali (Valle del Cauca). The obtained results permit to conclude that information technologies directly have the capacity to increase organizational performance. Additionally, for the authors, the paper contributes to the theories of resources and capacities, and to dynamic capacity.The fifth paper entitled “Practical application of the Lima happiness scale to workers of service companies in Barquisimeto, Venezuela” presents indicators that have the capacity of measuring the degree of happiness with a company from its employees’ perception.Towards dialogical administration: a proposal from Gadamer’s thinking is the title of the last paper in this 59th issue, which proposes the need of dialogical administration capable of overcoming the fundamental pillars of instrumental-type traditional administration. For such a purpose a qualitative-documentary methodology is proposed and a hermeneutical method, aside from Gadamer’s thinking, in order to build a dialogical administration proposal where, according to the author, “the dialog is rescued from instrumentalization”.As Editor I would like to thank all the authors of this issue of the Cuadernos de Administración journal for their contributions, and to our readers we hope that all the changes that we are carrying out as a journal enables a greater diffusion of the published knowledge, where its content is each author’s own responsibility.

Licensing and Information Disclosure under Asymmetric Information

We examine a license contract in a vertically separated market in the presence of a competitor's challenge and information asymmetry. When technology's value is not observable, innovators with more valuable technology disclose their private information to receive a fair payment despite a rival's earlier challenge, whereas the owner of less valuable technology reveals nothing. We show that the more valuable technology is and the less bargaining power the innovator has, the more information the innovator discloses. This finding is consistent with empirical evidence on inventors' disclosure strategy after the American Inventors Protection Act (AIPA). Furthermore, we show that despite the information disclosure, innovators make R&D investment earlier than they would have under symmetric information. This is in contrast with conventional wisdom that the need to disclose complementary information may retard innovation, and can be explained by the interaction between the decisions of investment timing and information disclosure. Though the leading innovator suffers losses from information asymmetry, the total value of the firms in the market may increase due to the diffusion of knowledge.

OP80 Reconciling Ethical And Economic Notions Of ‘Value’ For HTA

Introduction:Different disciplinary frameworks in the field of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) may hold different, and potentially contradictory, assumptions about a technology's value or optimal use. For example, economic analyses may be based on outcome measures that are socially controversial or ethically problematic. This can result in economic and ethical evaluations that are difficult to reconcile, leaving HTA short of its goal to provide policy decision-makers with a holistic assessment of technology. We use the case of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) to explore whether the capabilities approach can be used to align economic and ethical concepts of value in assessments of morally challenging health technologies. The capabilities approach is an economic framework which bases wellbeing assessments on a person's abilities, rather than their expressed preferences.Methods:To develop concepts for capabilities relevant to NIPT, we started with Nussbaum's capabilities framework, and conducted a directed qualitative content analysis of interview data from twenty-seven Canadian women with personal experience of this technology.Results:We found that eight of Nussbaum's ten capabilities related to options or choices that women valued in the context of NIPT, and identified one new capability, Care Taking. NIPT has a meaningful impact on women's capabilities, and capabilities concepts can capture the value of NIPT without relying on health outcomes of ambiguous social and ethical value. A capabilities approach may help reconcile ethical and economic value frameworks for NIPT.Conclusions:The capabilities approach can contribute to economic evaluations of morally challenging health technologies that better reflect patient preferences and ethical concerns, and may contribute to more holistic HTAs. It provides a framework within which policy analysts from diverse disciplines can communicate about the social and ethical value of morally challenging health technologies. Future research should focus on operationalizing the capabilities approach for use in evaluations of NIPT and other morally challenging health technologies.

Peer Effects and Externalities in Technology Adoption: Evidence from Community Reporting in Uganda

Do social networks matter for the adoption of new forms of political participation? We develop a formal model showing that the quality of communication that takes place in social networks is central to understanding whether a community will adopt forms of political participation where benefits are uncertain and where there are positive externalities associated with participation. Early adopters may exaggerate benefits, leading others to discount information about the technology's value. Thus, peer effects are likely to emerge only where informal institutions support truthful communication. We collect social network data for sixteen Ugandan villages where an innovative mobile-based reporting platform was introduced. Consistent with our model, we find variation across villages in the extent of peer effects on technology adoption, as well as evidence supporting additional observable implications. Impediments to social diffusion may help explain the varied uptake of new and increasingly common political communication technologies around the world.

Technological valuation Management in plastic packaging companies in Bogotá, Colombia

Technology Valuation is an ongoing topic, related to the estimation of a technological asset value usually within the framework of Technology Transfer activities. Its research and application occur mainly in industrialized countries; the most documented experiences come from these countries, meanwhile the contrary occurs in developing countries. The objective of this paper is to analyze the Management of Technology Valuation in several companies located at Bogotá (Colombia) and to identify challenges in this topic for these organizations. For this purpose, some companies from Bogotá city were studied, using benchmarking techniques. The results show the poor management and application of this valuation in the consulted companies, which agrees with the literature regarding the technological valuation in this context. Therefore, the challenges in the Management of Technology Valuation for the analyzed companies are oriented to the appropriation of valuation concepts and methods, as well as the strengthening and measurement of technological capabilities.

An MILP Modeling Approach to Systemic Energy Technology Valuation in the 21st Century Energy System

New cannot be measured with old. The transformation of the electricity system from a network of fossil-based dispatchable power plants to one with large amounts of intermittent renewable power generation, flexible loads and markets, requires a concurrent development of new evaluation tools and metrics. The focus of this research is to investigate the value of power technologies in order to support decision making on optimal power system design and operation. Technology valuation metrics need to consider the complexity and interdependency of environmental and security objectives, rather than focusing on individual cost-competitiveness of technologies outside of the power system. We present the System Value as a new technology valuation metric, based on a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) formulation of a national-scale electricity system. The Electricity System Optimization model is able to capture detailed technical operation of the individual power plants as well as environmental and security requirements on the system level. We present a case study on the System Value of onshore wind power plants in comparison with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) equipped gas-fired power plants in a 2035 UK electricity system. Under the given emission constraints, the deployment of both technologies reduce total system cost of electricity generation. In the case of CCS-equipped power plants the reductions in total system cost are 2 to 5 times higher than for the deployment of onshore wind capacity.

What is the Value of CCS in the Future Energy System?

Ambitions to produce electricity at low, zero, or negative carbon emissions are shifting the priorities and appreciation for new types of power generating technologies. Maintaining the balance between security of energy supply, carbon reduction, and electricity system cost during the transition of the electricity system is challenging. Few technology valuation tools consider the presence and interdependency of these three aspects, and nor do they appreciate the difference between firm and intermittent power generation. In this contribution, we present the results of a thought experiment and mathematical model wherein we conduct a systems analyses on the effects of gas-fired power plants equipped with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology in comparison with onshore wind power plants as main decarbonisation technologies. We find that while wind capacity integration is in its early stages of deployment an economic decarbonisation strategy, it ultimately results in an infrastructurally inefficient system with a required ratio of installed capacity to peak demand of nearly 2.. Due to the intermittent nature of wind power generation, its deployment requires a significant amount of reserve capacity in the form of firm capacity. While the integration of CCS-equipped capacity increases total system cost significantly, this strategy is able to achieve truly low-carbon power generation at 0.04 tCO2/MWh. Via a simple example, this work elucidates how the changing system requirements necessitate a paradigm shift in the value perception of power generation technologies.

PLANNING TECHNOLOGICAL BUSINESSES: A STUDY OF MARKET POSITIONING AND THE VALUE CHAIN

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the applicability, contributions, and adaptations required for a decision support model in the context of a business model's definition. The business model refers to 10 technological projects. Originality/gap/relevance/implications: The paper attempts to empirically validate the model proposed by Reis, Ladeira, and Fernandes (2015). In this regard, the paper facilitates the interpretation and application of concepts relevant to the business model's definition, thereby contributing to an estimation between theory and entrepreneurial practice. Key methodological aspects: The research is qualitative and adopts an action research methodology regarding 10 participating projects of the Incentive Program for Innovation held in the Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais. We conducted interviews with 38 professionals in order to understand the model's applicability in different contexts and to assess convergences and differences between each analyzed case. Summary of key results: The model's application proved to be relevant mainly for the early stages of business planning. The inclusion of the minimum viable product in the model helped with resource design and the development of a product with similar characteristics to market needs. It was suggested that the criteria used to assist the decision-making process were evaluated and selected by the team in accordance with the intended business strategy. Key considerations/conclusions: It is suggested that future research evaluates the inclusion of i) risk analysis and a contingency plan for the proposed business model and ii) the valuation of technology as an important step for projects that include the transfer of technology to established companies.

A systems approach to quantifying the value of power generation and energy storage technologies in future electricity networks

A new approach is required to determine a technology's value to the power systems of the 21st century. Conventional cost-based metrics are incapable of accounting for the indirect system costs associated with intermittent electricity generation, in addition to environmental and security constraints. In this work, we formalise a new concept for power generation and storage technology valuation which explicitly accounts for system conditions, integration challenges, and the level of technology penetration. The centrepiece of the system value (SV) concept is a whole electricity systems model on a national scale, which simultaneously determines the ideal power system design and unit-wise operational strategy. It brings typical Process Systems Engineering thinking into the analysis of power systems. The model formulation is a mixed-integer linear optimisation and can be understood as hybrid between a generation expansion and a unit commitment model. We present an analysis of the future UK electricity system and investigate the SV of carbon capture and storage equipped power plants (CCS), onshore wind power plants, and grid-level energy storage capacity. We show how the availability of different low-carbon technologies impact the optimal capacity mix and generation patterns. We find that the SV in the year 2035 of grid-level energy storage is an order of magnitude greater than that of CCS and wind power plants. However, CCS and wind capacity provide a more consistent value to the system as their level of deployment increases. Ultimately, the incremental system value of a power technology is a function of the prevalent system design and constraints.

Technology Trade and Valuation Model of Technology Factor Method

This study analyzes the applicability of a technology valuation model from methodological and practical perspectives on international technology trade. To accommodate high uncertainties in cross-border technology trades, international valuation practitioners prefer using the income approach which is based on the discounted future cash flows from the subject technology valued. This study analyzes the technology factor method (TFM) and suggests an improved valuation model relevant to international technology trade by presenting valuation results of a hypothetical case. TFM’s estimation process starts with the assessment of the risks (uncertainties) related to the successful application and commercialization of the subject technology. After determining an entity’s overall business value created by the subject technology, TFM multiplies this value by the technology’s contributory factor. In domestic technology transactions, TFM estimates the contributory proportion of technological asset to be from 1/4 to 1/3. In international technology trades, however, this study suggests that TFM take into consideration additional factors such as trade utility and trade tendency when estimating the contribution factor. This study’s case analysis confirms that the suggested method mitigates the traditional TFM’s prerequisites on efficiency, completeness, and comparability of international technology trading markets. The suggested TFM is expected to shed new light on international technology valuation, by promoting international technology trades.

웹기반 지능형 기술가치평가 시스템에 관한 연구

웹기반 지능형 기술가치평가 시스템에 관한 연구

EWOLUCJA WARTOŚCIOWANIA TECHNIKI W OBLICZU RÓŻNYCH WYZWAŃ – OD ZWROTU NORMATYWNEGO DO PRZEMYSŁU 4.0

EWOLUCJA WARTOŚCIOWANIA TECHNIKI W OBLICZU RÓŻNYCH WYZWAŃ – OD ZWROTU NORMATYWNEGO DO PRZEMYSŁU 4.0

The problem of technology as valuation errors: The paradox of the means in Simmel and Scheler

Georg Simmel and Max Scheler provide a framework for making judgements about the desirability of technological development and use, an evaluation absent from a largely relativistic contemporary sociology of technology. The appropriate role of technology in society is to aid in the attainment of ultimate values (ends). Both Simmel and Scheler framed the problem of technology as the elevation of technology to an ultimate value. The modern valuation of technology as an end is irrational because it is a reversal of the means-ends relationship and values the general development of technology instead of the potential benefits of particular technical developments. This inverted valuation is also detrimental to the cultivation of “subjective culture” and harmful to life. The importance of Simmel and Scheler for the contemporary sociology of technology is an illustration of what an evaluation of technology presupposes: claims about the general nature of modern technology as well as its essence. Although insightful, the cultural and phenomenological sociologies of technology found in Simmel and Scheler could be strengthened with structural analysis.

농식품 산업의 기술평가 영향요인 분석과 시뮬레이션 기반 기술평가 비교

농식품 산업의 기술평가 영향요인 분석과 시뮬레이션 기반 기술평가 비교

농식품 산업의 기술평가 영향요인 분석과 시뮬레이션 기반 기술평가 비교

농식품 산업의 기술평가 영향요인 분석과 시뮬레이션 기반 기술평가 비교

농식품 산업의 기술평가 영향요인 분석과 시뮬레이션 기반 기술평가 비교

농식품 산업의 기술평가 영향요인 분석과 시뮬레이션 기반 기술평가 비교

기술이전을 위한 기술수요자 중심의 가치평가 방법론 개발

기술이전을 위한 기술수요자 중심의 가치평가 방법론 개발

과학기술정보 콘텐츠의 가치평가모형 프레임워크 연구

최근 무형자산의 이전 거래 등에 대한 관심이 증대하였으나, 전자적 데이터베이스(electronic database)와 같은 지식정보 콘텐츠의 시장가치를 객관적으로 평가할 수 있는 모형이 부재함으로 관련 연구의 필요성이 제기된다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 특허, 논문, 보고서 등을 포함하는 과학기술정보 콘텐츠의 시장가치를 평가하여, 무형자산 콘텐츠 시장에서 객관적 참조정보로 활용할 수 있도록 모형을 제안하는데 목적을 둔다. 먼저 기존의 가치평가에서 요구되는 핵심변수 중에서 콘텐츠 유형에 따른 현금흐름 산출로직을 살펴보고, 특허의 경우 기존의 기술가치평가에서 적용하는 개념을 기반으로 평가 방법을 제시하였다. 다음으로 논문과 보고서의 경우 이들 콘텐츠의 특징을 반영하기 위해 경제적 수명 추정시 기술혁신 지수와 시장수요 지수를 토대로 조절 가능한 정성적 평가 방법을 새롭게 제시하였으며, 현금흐름 산출로직은 투입원가 기반의 산정방식을 제시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 개별 과학기술정보 콘텐츠의 저작권 실시, 매매 등 적용할 수 있는 기술분야별, 비즈니스 모델별 평가체계를 구축할 수 있으며, 이러한 평가기반 구축을 통해 보다 객관적이고 합리적인 과학기술 콘텐츠 시장가치의 산출이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. Recently, although the interest in transfer and transactions of intangible assets increases, there is no valuation model to objectively assess market value of knowledge and information contents such as electronic databases and the necessity of researches associated is brought up. Therefore, the present study proposes valuation models so as to utilize as objective reference information in the contents market of intangible assets, by assessing the market value of science and technology information contents including patents, academic papers and reports. First, we look into application methods of calculating cash flows by content types out of key variables which has been applied to the present technology valuation, and in case of patents we propose valuation methods based on concepts which are applied in the present technology valuation. Next, in case of both papers and reports, in order to reflect the characteristics of these contents we newly propose qualitative valuation methods which are adjustable based on both technology innovation and market demands indices while estimating the economic life cycle of the technology, and also present the input cost-based calculation method as the calculation method of cash flows. Throughout the study, we could establish frameworks by technology fields and business models applicable such as copyright licensing, transactions of individual science and technology information contents, and expect that more objective and reasonable assessment of content values is accessible.