Value Of Knowledge Research Articles

Market value of R&D, patents, and organizational capital: Finnish evidence

This paper studies how knowledge and organizational capital (OC) affect the market valuation of firms. Detailed occupational information from Finnish linked employer–employee data is used to form new estimates of firms’ organizational investments. The market value of OC is analyzed together with research and development (R&D) and patent variables. A nonlinear least-squares regression is used to investigate the contribution of these variables to the market value of Finnish firms during the period 1995–2008. The results show that OC, R&D, patents, and patent citations all have positive and significant effects on market value. A particularly interesting finding is that the effect of OC appears to be even stronger than the effect of R&D investments. This study also provides internationally comparable results on the market valuation of knowledge assets that indicate that in Finland, the market valuation of R&D, but not patents, is lower than in the USA and many European countries.

Trace -Based Model in Knowledge Acquisition System for Valuing Knowledge

Aims:This paper presents a trace -based model in Knowledge Acquisition Syst em for Valuing Knowledge. In Case Based Reasoning (CBR), solving problems is based on the solutions of similar past problems. From the systems point of view, this might be true, but from the users point of view, identical problems may need different solu tions. This is due to that (CBR) suffers from theframe problem �: in some situations, the context information is missing. Moving from the Case-Based Reasoning to Trace -Based Reasoning (TBR) is the solution of this problem. Trace -Based Reasoning is an exte nsion of the Case -Based Reasoning, allowing the context to be included in the reasoning. StudyDesign:The model includes three related stages in solving problems; the first is context �aware retrieved information stage and the second is tracing the user tasks in order to cover all the needed elements in the environment of the given problem. The third stage is the implicitly processed via a back propagation feature exists in the neuro -fuzzy module. Place and Duration of Study: Evaluation and Analysis of Hospital Disaster Preparedness in Jeddah for six months. Methodology:There are six factors have been utilized in the Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference module that covers the second stage (Task Analysis Module) of the proposed system alongside with the backpropagation process. The training will be based on gathered surveyed data. The purpose of the training is to adjust the model parameters, particularly the input membership function parameters, and the corresponding output values. Results:Aftertraining the model with proper data, a clear target -oriented towards the best usage of knowledge will take a place. The developed six modules for the second stage with different types of input/output membership functions and trained an input array. The modules are compared based on their ability to train with lowest error values. The Gaussian membership function input with either constant or linear pairing output membership function was the best choice for the proposed system to be adopted in its second stage whic h is Task Analysis Module. Conclusion:This model can be utilized in firms, societies or even in individualslife events. The context of knowledge as one of the six factors affecting the knowledge valuation process is the most important factor due to its high changes were more noticeable than others. OriginalResearchArticle

Transforming Participatory Science into Socioecological Praxis: Valuing Marginalized Environmental Knowledges in the Face of the Neoliberalization of Nature and Science

Citizen science and sustainability science promise the more just and demo- cratic production of environmental knowledge and politics. In this review, we evaluate these participatory traditions within the context of (a) our theorization of how the valuation and devaluation of nature, knowledge, and people help to produce socio- ecological hierarchies, the uneven distribution of harms and benefi ts, and inequitable engagement within environmental politics, and (b) our analysis of how neoliberalism is reworking science and environmental governance. We fi nd that citizen and sustainabil- ity science oft en fall short of their transformative potential because they do not directly confront the production of environmental injustice and political exclusion, including the knowledge hierarchies that shape how the environment is understood and acted upon, by whom, and for what ends. To deepen participatory practice, we propose a heterodox ethicopolitical praxis based in Gramscian, feminist, and postcolonial the- ory and describe how we have pursued transformative praxis in southern Appalachia through the Coweeta Listening Project.

Currículo de Ciências: estabilidade e mudança em livros didáticos

O estudo focaliza aspectos relacionados aos conteúdos de ensino presentes em livros didáticos de Ciências no período entre as décadas de 1970 e 2000. A partir de questões que buscam compreender como vem se dando sócio-historicamente a valorização dos conhecimentos ecológicos nos currículos dessa disciplina, a análise prioriza as relações estabelecidas entre tais conhecimentos e outras temáticas também ensinadas. Para tanto, os conteúdos de ecologia selecionados para ensino são considerados resultantes de aspectos relativos à produção científica da ecologia biológica, ao ensino de Ciências, ao campo educacional e aos movimentos ambientais. Assim, com a finalidade de compreender a inserção de conhecimentos ecológicos nos currículos brasileiros de Ciências, identificam-se enfoques curriculares articulados às seleções de conteúdos de ensino e investigam-se as relações estabelecidas entre esses conhecimentos e outras temáticas dessa disciplina escolar em livros didáticos destinados ao ensino fundamental. Com base principalmente nas discussões de Ivor Goodson, evidencia-se a trajetória sócio-histórica dos currículos de Ciências por uma relação interdependente entre padrões de estabilidade e de mudança. Argumenta-se que os conteúdos de ecologia são introduzidos, causando mudança, na medida em que se inserem num padrão de estabilidade. Nessa perspectiva, tais materiais são tratados como fontes históricas importantes para entender a produção curricular escolar desenvolvida no período em questão.

Valoração do conhecimento: significação e identidade na ação organizacional

A valoração do conhecimento representa uma lacuna na área do conhecimento organizacional. Esse artigo visa responder quais processos são adotados pelos indivíduos para a valoração dos conhecimentos nas organizações. A pesquisa, realizada com profissionais de RH, utilizou grounded theory method. Os resultados sugerem que o processo de identificação dos indivíduos com a identidade organizacional ocupa um lugar central na valoração do conhecimento. A organização, por intermédio da alta gestão ou das rotinas organizacionais, surgiu como "o outro" que parece conduzir as diretrizes a serem seguidas, assim como quais conhecimentos avaliar e valorar; aquela com quem os membros organizacionais buscam identificar-se. Os indivíduos expressaram mecanismos de afirmação, adequação ou reconstrução de suas identidades a fim de gerar, justificar ou negar identificação com a organização. É sugerido que o modelo de comando vertical ainda prevalece sobre a interação horizontal, tornando difícil o estabelecimento de conhecimento emergente entre os membros organizacionais.

‘I used to be ashamed’. The influence of an educational program on tribal and non-tribal children's knowledge and valuation of wild food plants

This study examines the influence of an extra-curricular educational program on children's knowledge and cultural valuation of wild food plants, which are an important component of their diets. This program aims to reinforce children's traditional knowledge and values around biological resources in Wayanad, India's Western Ghats, encouraging tribal and non-tribal children to learn from each other and from their own communities. Results show that the educational program has enhanced children's ability to identify selected wild food plants. Moreover, strong social stigma related to wild food plant gathering also appears to have been effectively countered, and the program seems to have created more self-confidence among the children about (a) the perceptions of others' social attitudes towards their gathering practices, and (b) the importance of these plants as part of their diets and cultures.

The valuation of knowledge and normative reflection in teacher qualification: A comparison of teacher educators, novice and experienced teachers

The transition from teacher education to work in schools has been described as an “epistemic clash”. Teacher educators', novice teachers' and experienced teachers' valuation of the academic, practical and normative demands of teaching are compared using survey data from teacher education and schools. All groups value academic knowledge and practical skills highly. Teacher educators take a more positive attitude toward inclusion, and differ in their views of the normative demands of teaching. The role of teacher education as a corrective to the contemporary demands made of schools through political and international policy initiatives is emphasized.

Bridging knowledge to commercialization: the good, the bad, and the challenging

This paper investigates a new emerging phenomenon in the debate of knowledge-based economic growth called “bridging knowledge to commercialization”. The paper considers commercialization of knowledge as a complex and a multi-faceted phenomenon and aims to highlight “the good”, “the bad” and “the challenging” in commercialization of knowledge from a taxonomic perspective. The paper has four objectives: (1) to examine the emerging concepts in bridging knowledge to commercialization while addressing related issues in the literature and to offer a conceptual framework on the basis of a typology of metaphores for knowledge; (2) to highlight the societal benefits of commercialization of knowledge in a regional development context; (3) to underline the value conflicts and differences in culture and perspectives in the valuation of knowledge in order to better understand the commercialization process; and (4) to highlight the challenges for academia, industry and government while describing the critical framework conditions that are needed to effectively foster commercialization of knowledge. While addressing the academic, societal, spatial, cultural and ethical implications of knowledge commercialization, the paper highlights retrospects and prospects from regional development perspective.

Overbidding in cross-border acquisitions: Misperceptions in assessing and valuing knowledge

Many firms competing across borders use acquisitions to gain the knowledge and capabilities that reside in target firms. Assessing and valuing knowledge in the international context is complex and frequently error-prone. The international acquisition literature has not adequately addressed the difficulties of valuing knowledge, the costs associated with acquiring knowledge, the factors behind escalating bids to acquire knowledge, and the impact of knowledge acquisitions on returns. We conceptually explore several key dimensions that influence the assessment and valuation of knowledge and develop propositions positing the effects of predictor variables and moderators on knowledge assessment and valuation in cross-border acquisitions.

<b>Deficiência, cinema, imaginário e formação docente</b>

Neste artigo, pretendemos articular as relações entre cinema, imaginário, deficiência e formação docente, refletindo acerca das possibilidades de intervenção/formação pedagógica na perspectiva da educação inclusiva. Entendendo o cinema como arte, comunicação, diversão e dispositivo transmissor de cultura, apostamos na potência deste artefato midiático como mediador das relações que envolvem os diferentes sujeitos da educação especial nas múltiplas instâncias que submergem às relações de ensino/aprendizagem. Achamos significativo retomar a ideia de cinema como recurso pedagógico potencializador da força comunicativa e expressiva da linguagem audiovisual. Para tanto, é preciso pensar o cinema como dispositivo transmissor de cultura, o que exige, no campo educacional, o domínio de certo saber sobre arte que, por sua vez, movimenta os processo de formação docente através da mediação estética. A valorização do saber do cinema (REIS, 2005) se alia a esta outra configuração do que ousamos chamar de nova gramática da educação especial na perspectiva inclusiva, que amplia os espaços de formação, extrapola os limites das salas de aula e ressignifica os processos de leitura e de construção de conhecimento docente. Palavras-chave: Deficiência; Cinema; Imaginário; Formação docente.

<sc>Cathryn Carson</sc><italic>Heisenberg in the Atomic Age: Science and the Public Sphere</italic>. (Publications of the German Historical Institute.) New York: Cambridge University Press. Washington, D.C.: German Historical Institute. 2010. Pp. xvi, 541. $80.00<alt-title alt-title-type="short-author">Reviews of Books</alt-title><alt-title alt-title-type="short">Europe: Early Modern and Modern</alt-title>

This erudite and subtle work by Cathryn Carson provides a new understanding of the public role played by the theoretical physicist Werner Heisenberg in postwar West German culture and politics. In addition to building up a new research system after the war, Heisenberg became the public embodiment of science for the country's media and intellectuals and the focus for reflection and debate about the cultural value of science. Carson brilliantly weaves Heisenberg's biography into the intellectual scene of postwar Germany. She shows how Heisenberg was central to the assessment of the cultural meaning of science, figuring in a set of questions that carried particular weight in the German context. Carson uncovers the complex ways in which the intellectual and cultural ideal of Bildung, or self‐cultivation, deeply informed Heisenberg's outlook throughout his life and continued to set the stakes of intellectual debates about science into the 1960s. Although Bildung was already in crisis by the early twentieth century, the legacy of this valuation of knowledge in terms of individual self‐formation can be seen in the ways in which German intellectuals challenged science on its relationship to subjective meaning. When they questioned science, philosophers like Martin Heidegger and Jürgen Habermas were implicitly, and sometimes explicitly, referring to Heisenberg.

How Nurture Protects Children: Nurture and Narrative in Work with Children, Young People and Families

How Nurture Protects Children: Nurture and Narrative in Work with Children, Young People and Families

Promises to Keep: Speech Acts and the Value of Reflective Knowledge

This paper offers a new account of reflective knowledge's value, building on recent work on the epistemic norms of speech acts. Reflective knowledge is valuable because it licenses us to make guarantees and promises.

Value ontology-based multi-aspect intellectual asset valuation method for decision-making support in k-commerce

Advent of the innovation economy has ushered in knowledge as the most valuable corporate asset and a major impetus of product and service creativity. Knowledge commerce (k-commerce) refers to the real-time marketing and delivery of organizational knowledge via the Internet to enable knowledge to be transferred from owners to consumers legally and rapidly. In k-commerce, however, buyer cannot acquire complete product knowledge and can only rely on a limited description of product specifications and fragmented knowledge summary to make purchasing decisions. Consequently, a relatively objective method must be developed for automated knowledge valuation to provide a valuable reference for buyers and sellers, as well as ensure a functioning knowledge market. This study first analyzes the scenario for knowledge valuation activities in k-commerce to identify knowledge services in different knowledge-commercialized phases. A knowledge valuation factor model is then developed that comprises five aspects: knowledge inventor capability, knowledge supplier reputation, knowledge innovative degree, knowledge complexity and knowledge marketable value. To evaluate the market value of knowledge efficiently, a knowledge value ontology (KVO) is constructed based on historical product transaction records to offer the latest value and market status of similar knowledge. Based on factors in the knowledge valuation factor model, finally this study develops a multi-aspect knowledge valuation method including four evaluation sub-methods, capable of estimating the market value of knowledge products from different aspects. The proposed method allows for more rational and accurate decision making for the seller’s pricing or the buyer’s product selection, thereby encouraging market transactions by reducing information asymmetry and risks while enhancing fairness during a transaction.

Technical attainment, practical success and practical knowledge: hermeneutical bases for child nursing care

This reflective study aimed to present some aspects of the concepts technical attainment, practical success and practical knowledge, with a view to a broader understanding of child nursing care. Health care is considered in the perspective of reconstructive practices, characterized as contingencies, highlighting the importance of the connection between technical attainment and practical success and the valuation of practical knowledge, based on philosophical hermeneutics, in the context of practical philosophy. Child health nursing can deal with technical attainment and practical success jointly, and also understand practical knowledge in the longitudinality of care. Health promotion, disease prevention, recovery and rehabilitation of child health should be indissociably associated with contextualized realities, shared between professionals and families, aiming to follow the child's growth and development, produce narratives, identify experiences, choices and decision making to broaden health care.

A knowledge-based theory of pharmaceutical alliances: evolving paradigms and motives for cooperation

A rapidly evolving drug discovery and development paradigm, as evidenced through the scientific and technical knowledge requirements for the successful development of new medical entities, is encouraging companies to form alliances to fill any voids in upstream knowledge and downstream capabilities. In resource-based alliances, parties are assumed to be mutually dependent upon the resources controlled by other parties and common benefits are associated with pooling resources. Mergers, acquisitions and strategic alliances are alternatively employed to access these resources. As the pharmaceutical industry evolves to incorporate the information (systems) paradigm, a resource-based view that is centrally focused on knowledge provides a more informative view of pharmaceutical alliances. A knowledge framework is developed in this paper to specifically analyse the role of knowledge characteristics on pharmaceutical alliance formation, the role of knowledge form on the choice of alliance structure, as well as the impact of knowledge valuation as a function of knowledge form, on alliance performance.

A Conceptual Model for Knowledge Valuation

A Conceptual Model for Knowledge Valuation

Intangible asset knowledge

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the culmination of an engineering concept of a knowledge valuation system that identifies the name of intangible assets.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs the methodology or approach of identifying or naming intangible assets within the business environment.FindingsThe paper finds that knowing what to capture is fundamental to alignment with measures and indicators inherent in a business operational data.Originality/valueThe paper tackles the elusiveness of intangibles and attempts to bring structure and identification to a complex and confusing discipline. The decomposition of an intangible assets system that names intangibles could be the first step to measuring, valuing and managing them.

Local Knowledge and Natural Resource Management

Understanding local knowledge systems is fundamentally important to discern the complexities of natural resource management in any locality, and scientists are increasingly becoming interested in these. However, this interest stems from a narrow technology-centred focus. To broaden this focus, it is important to develop a robust conceptual framework that captures the dynamics of these systems. This article attempts to review various ways of conceptualising local knowledges and the intermeshing of gender and local knowledge in a variety of ways. A feminist gender perspective not only unravels the intricacies of the gendering of knowledge, but problematises the unequal distribution of power, control and skills as these are integral elements of the construction, valuation and marginalisation of local knowledge.

Tainted Knowledge vs. Tempting Knowledge: People Avoid Knowledge from Internal Rivals and Seek Knowledge from External Rivals

We compare how people react to good ideas authored by internal rivals (employees at the same organization) versus external rivals (employees at a competitor organization). We hypothesize that internal and external rivals evoke contrasting kinds of threats. Specifically, using knowledge from an internal rival is difficult because it threatens the self and its competence: It is tantamount to being a “follower” and losing status relative to a direct competitor. By contrast, external rivals pose a lower threat to personal status, so people are more willing to use their knowledge. We conducted three studies. Study 1 showed that internal and external rivalry involved opposite relationships between threat and knowledge valuation: The more threat internal rivals provoked, the more people avoided their knowledge, whereas the more threat external rivals provoked, the more people pursued their knowledge. Study 2 explored the types of threat that insiders and outsiders evoked. In particular, people assumed that they would lose more personal status if they used an internal rival’s knowledge and, therefore, reduced their valuation of that knowledge. Finally, Study 3 found that self-affirmation attenuated these patterns. We suggest that the threats and opportunities for affirmation facing the self dictate how people respond to rivals and, ultimately, their willingness to value new ideas.