Value Of Buildings Research Articles

Adaptive Reuse of Abandoned Churches in the Walled City of Famagusta, North Cyprus

There are so many abandoned heritage buildings worldwide and due to the lack of function and maintenance, they are ruined, deteriorate easily, and are forgotten. Similarly, abandoned valuable religious buildings faced vandalism deliberately because of the decreasing demand for use or lack of their communities. Some churches in Islamic countries are left useless and with no function, and North Cyprus is one of them. The Walled City of Famagusta has many historic religious buildings like cathedrals and churches. This research aims to develop proposals for the adaptive reuse of abandoned churches in the Walled City of Famagusta to overcome their current problems. The methodology of this historical research is qualitative and comparative. The data collection techniques are based on literature review and observation. This research will bring new perspectives on these churches' conservation for architects, historical researchers, and conservationists.

Seismic vulnerability assessment of urban areas made of adobe buildings through analytical and numerical methods: The case study of the historical center of Cusco (Peru)

This paper aims at giving a contribution to the topic concerning the preservation of valuable adobe buildings, by setting a methodology for assessing their seismic vulnerability at the urban scale by means of analytical and numerical models, accounting for both their in-plane and out-of-plane behaviors. To this purpose, the valuable historical center of Cusco (Peru) is considered as representative case study. The city center of Cusco is an extraordinary example of colonial architecture that preserves essential aspects of its origins, it being representative of a large plethora of historical centers in South America and the Caribbean, where most of the residential buildings are made of adobe masonry.First, archetypes, representative of the whole historical center, are identified in order to get a manageable stock of buildings for which the analyses can be addressed to. The structural capacity of each archetype is then given in terms of capacity curves for both out-of-plane and in-plane mechanisms. Subsequently, these curves are compared with the likely seismic demands to assess the probability of attaining pre-established damage states for different seismic intensities. The obtained probabilities are collected into Damage Probability Matrices (DPMs) and, finally, cumulated to plot the fitting fragility curves.

Features of the Architecture of Modern Residential Buildings in the City of Vladimir

For the first time, an analytical review of examples of the inclusion of new residential buildings in different time periods from the 1930s to the first quarter of the XXI century in the development of the city of Vladimir is given. One of the most important tasks of modern architecture is to find a practical solution to the theoretical problem of the interaction of tradition and innovation. The study of this problem on the example of historical cities in Russia occupies a special place in the theory of architecture, since a valuable historical and architectural environment needs a delicate approach when integrating new objects into it. The valuable historical buildings of the city of Vladimir mostly consist of stone houses built in the classicism style of the XVIII–XIX centuries, which formed the image of the historical center. However, not only the conscious appeal of architects to historical examples of local architecture served to reflect classicism in the appearance of buildings of subsequent eras, but also political and socio-economic aspects. The peculiarities of environmental adaptation techniques used in the construction of residential buildings by Soviet and Russian architects are noted.

Developing an efficient planning process for heritage buildings maintenance in Iraq

Abstract Heritage buildings and sites are significant assets for any country, they hold values of the past to the new generation. This research focuses on the problem of deterioration and demolition of heritage buildings due to negligence or aspiration for more profitable projects, which will lead to the loss of valuable heritage buildings. Assuming that this problem can be solved initially from the planning stage, this research aims to enhance the planning process for heritage buildings by specifying the main factors that affect the planning process for the maintenance work and developing a framework of sequential steps for planning process activities to help in creating an efficient plan. The research evaluates the current situation of heritage building conservation in Baghdad, Iraq as a case study, by classifying the relevant categories into maintenance and non-maintenance categories, which describe the reasons that led to the deterioration of numerous local heritage buildings. The results found in this research specify the main factors that lead to an efficient plan that are budget, methods and techniques, level of skills of the workers, schedule, and required materials. A framework for a successive conservation plan is suggested to be adapted, including a series of sequenced processes to get a sound plan. Finally, some recommendations are suggested to develop planning for heritage building conservation, like reevaluating the legislations and laws to enhance the heritage sector, serious work to make the heritage sites take place in the community activities, paying maximum care to the heritage sector by the governmental authorities, and using modern tools in planning in addition to other recommendations.

GIS-Based Risk Assessment on Sea Level Rise and Flooding in Alsancak Harbour Behind Area

According to climate change projections outlined in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 6th Assessment Report, sea levels are expected to rise between 0.37 and 1.88 meters by 2150. The rise in sea level poses a significant threat to coastal areas, including industrial heritage zones frequently developed around ports. Alsancak Harbour Behind Area is a significant location due to its essential industrial heritage. The main objective of the research is to evaluate the potential risks related to floods and long-term sea level rises in the Alsancak Harbour Behind Area. Thus, the research aims to assess the potential risks associated with flooding and long-term sea level rise in the Alsancak Harbour Behind Area within the context of industrial heritage. It also measures the area's resilience to these risks and discusses planning decisions. The ‘Coastal Risk Screening Tool’ was used to create a coastal flood map according to determined three different scenarios. The result shows that the valuable industrial heritage buildings such as the Coal Gas Factory, Old Flour Mill-II and Tariş Alcohol Factory, new high-rise residential areas, port facilities and transportation arteries are at high or medium risk, especially in 2100 and 2150.

The Evolution of Cinemas in Prague from the Second Half of the Twentieth Century: A Contemporary Perspective

The article approaches the situation of Prague cinemas in the second half of the 20th century from the end of the Second World War to the Velvet Revolution within the socio-historical background from the point of view of an architect and a cinephile. The entire text is arranged chronologically in four paragraphs reflecting the contemporary political and social situation. It approximates the post-war period full of ideological ideals, when the construction of a dense network of cinemas became a key element of national renewal, not only in large cities but also in the regions. The following decade brought a paradigmatic shift, when local single-screen cinemas gave way to large cultural houses with multifunctional use (film, theatre, gallery, restaurant, sports facilities, etc.). It deals with the socially relaxed sixties, reflecting the synergy of various artistic disciplines, thanks to which Czechoslovakia presented to the world new artistic disciplines based precisely on film projection – “polyekran” (polyscreen) and “laterna magika” (a combination of projection and performance with live actors). The imaginary culmination of the new wave period was the opening of the luxury cinema 64 U Hradeb, which is given more attention in the text below. Furthermore, the text outlines the situation of cinemas in large Prague housing estates and deals with Czech brutalism in the context of foreign architecture and with the only brutalist cinema still operating today – the Dlabačov cinema. The final part of this article gives a brief overview of the total number of cinemas established in this period in the territory of Prague and a comparison with other European metropolises with a similar socio-cultural background. The research has the ambition to understand and approach how to integrate valuable cinema buildings on the territory of Prague into the daily life of contemporary Prague residents through the investigation of the cinema phenomenon, and the development of cinematography and cinema architecture as such, from its inception to the present day. The general logical processing methods are historical and socio-cultural analysis, architectural and urban research including architectural drawings, photographic documentation and a study of the urban development of the appearance of individual cinemas, comparison and deduction.

Low carbon emission renovation of historical residential buildings

The urgency of renovating residential buildings in heritage conservation areas while addressing carbon emission reduction and energy performance has become a concern in the context of climate change. European directives stress the importance of enhancing existing buildings to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. An approximately 100-year-old wooden apartment building in the heritage conservation area in Võru, Estonia, was designed as a nearly zero-energy building (nZEB). This study examined the impact of different renovation scenarios, considering both embodied and operational carbon emissions. During the study, the technical requirements of the National Heritage Board were developed in several aspects. The results of this study indicate that it is possible to renovate buildings in heritage conservation areas and achieve great energy performance. In addition to improving energy performance, it is possible to make the restoration of a significantly damaged exterior with intermediate repairs more cost-effective for the owner. Deep renovation of a historical wooden building decreases its carbon footprint as it leads to more energy-efficient renovation solutions. This is because operational emissions dominate over embodied emissions in a cold climate. From an environmental perspective, it is more feasible to renovate historically valuable buildings more deeply than it is to upgrade the external appearance of buildings. Renovation work to achieve an nZEB building should include insulating the thermal envelope while restoring the historical appearance and preserving the original building profile. In conclusion, this study offers a comprehensive analysis of various scenarios, including carbon footprint, energy performance, and cost optimality, related to different renovation strategies for buildings located in heritage conservation areas. There is a need to align heritage board technical requirements with the environmental perspective. Given that major renovation is more cost-effective and better at preserving the exterior appearance compared to staged renovation, the former should be preferred to ensure the owner's willingness to pay.

Peculiarities of the “Provincial Secession” Style Development in Ukraine At the Beginning of the 20th Century and Modern Problems of Its Monuments Preservation In War Time

The article analyzes the specifics of the Secession period buildings in the regional centres of this style formation in Ukraine. Along with the four main centres (Lviv, Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odesa), there were smaller Secession centres in provincial cities. The character of the style in these centres was influenced by belonging to the Austro-Hungarian or Russian Empire. Compared to the European Secession and the Secession in the main centres, the Secession in the province felt the influence of local strata, which introduced the term “provincial secession”. However, these facilities are part of the historic environment of the former administrative centers of the provinces, medium and small towns. It was determined that the events of the Russian-Ukrainian war led to the destruction of many objects of valuable background buildings, and planned repairs and restoration of even non-destroyed objects are not carried out.

Resource losses to Ukrainian tourism caused by full- scale Russian aggression

This article examines the concepts of urbicide and ecocide as a part of the violent policy against the state of Ukraine since the beginning of the full- scale Russian- Ukrainian war and their influence on tourism. We analyse their impact on natural recreational and tourist resources, such as land, air, river networks, and biotic and landscape diversity. Special attention is paid to protected areas of regional and national importance included in Ukraine’s ‘natural reserve fund’ and to sites of international importance that are part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. The article provides information about recorded crimes in different regions of Ukraine concerning historical and cultural heritage. Since 24 February 2022, at least 569 cultural heritage sites have been destroyed due to the war, including 170 monuments of national and local importance, 146 valuable historical buildings and cultural heritage sites, and 58 memorial monuments and works of art. We analyse losses in hospitality infrastructure relative to their zoning category determined by proximity to active fighting. The paper highlights the most urgent issues of the post- war restoration of Ukraine’s tourism sector, particularly facility staffing issues and ethical considerations when commemorating war events. Research methods: collection, analysis and the generalisation of information from official and research media sources concerning the loss of natural, historical, cultural and infrastructural resources suffered by tourism as a result of Russia’s military aggression in Ukraine from 24 Feb 2022 to 01 July 2023. Results: summary of the losses to tourism destination resources and infrastructure in Ukraine by region and type of impact, and a proposed framework for planning the post- war recovery of different kinds of tourism in Ukraine. This article examines the concepts of urbicide and ecocide as a part of the violent policy against the state of Ukraine since the beginning of the full- scale Russian- Ukrainian war and their influence on tourism. We analyse their impact on natural recreational and tourist resources, such as land, air, river networks, and biotic and landscape diversity. Special attention is paid to protected areas of regional and national importance included in Ukraine’s ‘natural reserve fund’ and to sites of international importance that are part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. The article provides information about recorded crimes in different regions of Ukraine concerning historical and cultural heritage. Since 24 February 2022, at least 569 cultural heritage sites have been destroyed due to the war, including 170 monuments of national and local importance, 146 valuable historical buildings and cultural heritage sites, and 58 memorial monuments and works of art. We analyse losses in hospitality infrastructure relative to their zoning category determined by proximity to active fighting. The paper highlights the most urgent issues of the post- war restoration of Ukraine’s tourism sector, particularly facility staffing issues and ethical considerations when commemorating war events. Research methods: collection, analysis and the generalisation of information from official and research media sources concerning the loss of natural, historical, cultural and infrastructural resources suffered by tourism as a result of Russia’s military aggression in Ukraine from 24 Feb 2022 to 01 July 2023. Results: summary of the losses to tourism destination resources and infrastructure in Ukraine by region and type of impact, and a proposed framework for planning the post- war recovery of different kinds of tourism in Ukraine.

Comparative Study of Deterioration in Built Heritage in a Coastal Area: Barbanza Peninsula (Galicia, NW Spain)

The Barbanza Peninsula (Galicia, NW Spain) is located on the west coast of Galicia. It is a narrow tongue of terrain with an area of 416 km2 and a high altitudinal gradient, with the top having a maximum height of more than 600 m at a distance of less than 5 Km from the sea. As a result of this, there is a significant rainfall gradient (from 900 to more than 3300 mm per year). In the peninsula, there are valuable historical buildings built with granite rock that show variable decay patterns. In this work, we have considered 14 of them, located in several parts of the peninsula, and we have studied their deterioration patterns. Some of them are close to the sea, with sea salt being a possible cause of decay, while for those located far from the sea, the high humidity and rainfall can be the most important cause of decay. A macroscopic study was carried out to determine the deterioration patterns. We have also analyzed the possible role of salts in the decay by using X-ray fluorescence as a screening technique to assess the presence of salts and the possible correlation of salts with the distance to the sea and using scanning electron microscopy to directly identify salts in some of the buildings. The most frequently reported decay is due to lichen growth (biological colonization). Depending on the proximity to the coast, the study area was divided into two zones: zone 1, closer to the sea (<1 km), with an important influence of sea salts and wind, and zone 2, further from the sea, with higher altitudes (center of the peninsula) and important rainfall, humidity, and therefore, biological colonization of stone surfaces. Crusts (to a lesser degree, because it is a mainly rural area) are more frequent in zone 1, but the state of conservation of stone in zone 1 is better than that in zone 2, possibly due to the concentration of urban centers in this zone and more interventions for cleaning stone surfaces. Finally, although we did not observe clear patterns in the appearance of salts in the buildings in agreement with the distance to the sea, we observed different patterns of salts in two of the buildings, one in each zone, which clearly show that, to some extent, salts are involved in decay.

Restoration of historic gypsum masonry

AbstractIncompatibilities between the original substance containing gypsum in historically significant buildings and modern hydraulic repair materials have been known for over 80 years. However, as a result of expansion phenomena, a lot of culturally and historically valuable buildings in Germany have been irretrievably destroyed in recent decades. In a project of the Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt, the question of which materials and which technologies are suitable for the renovation of masonry containing gypsum was investigated.

Assessing the State of Preservation After Adaptive Reuse: Three Historic Madrasas in Istanbul-A Case Study

Heritage buildings serve as witnesses to our past and the keeper of our shared values. While adaptive reuse stands as a sustainable method for effectively preserving and converting them into an active resource for the future, it must be supported by a thorough and multidisciplinary research in order to make informed judgments and implement appropriate solutions. The paper assesses the adaptive reuse of three historic madrasas in Istanbul and examines its impact on their preservation status. The selected madrasas are Mihrimah Sultan (1548), Şemsi Ahmed Paşa (1580), and Kılıç Ali Paşa madrasas (1588). The selected case studies are presented using data from literature, archival research, and field observations, and their adaptive reuse is evaluated using criteria established in the literature. According to the findings, adaptive reuse had a detrimental impact on the cultural significance of these valuable buildings.

PROBLEMS OF REVITALIZATION OF FACILITIES OF THE SUBJECT-SPATIAL ENVIRONMENT AND MODERN BUILDING IN THE HISTORICAL PART OF SMALL TOWNS

The revitalization of objects of the subject-spatial environment and the construction of modern buildings in the historical environment of settlements is a complex task that causes numerous discussions. This process is often accompanied by sharp accusations, in which the main argument sounds quite convincing: new buildings and structures disturb the authentic atmosphere of the old buildings.
 Cities that are on the list of historical ones, according to the Law of Ukraine «On the Protection of Cultural Heritage», require a special approach to their preservation and spatial development. The legislation regulates the construction of such cities in the historical environment through the so-called historical areas, historical and architectural reserves, the allocation of protected areas, complex protection zones, and development regulation zones.
 The introduction of security restrictions contributes to the preservation of the historical architectural and urban structure of such cities, but at the same time restrains new construction and restoration and reconstruction of abandoned buildings and structures. Thus, due to these restrictions, after many years of disinterested attitude of developers and lenders to architectural monuments, their condition has greatly deteriorated. Many buildings need not just cosmetic repairs, but serious restoration work. Revitalization projects of objects in the historical part of cities must be carried out on the basis of security documentation, which clearly regulates the approaches and principles of building reproduction. Such projects should also be implemented on the basis of an integrated approach to the reproduction of buildings, which will make it possible to ensure the maximum preservation of their valuable historical environment and compliance with monument protection requirements.
 Since the planning structure and construction of old quarters were created in accordance with the requirements of previous socio-economic eras, they are practically not amenable to adaptation to new functions. Therefore, today the task is to carry out their reconstruction with the maximum preservation of historically valuable buildings and at the same time harmoniously fit new structural elements into their subject-spatial environment. Here, it is important to ensure that when a new building is introduced into the historical environment, the modern architectural form becomes part of the formed architectural ensemble, and does not look like a foreign element. It is necessary to treat the historically valuable buildings with great responsibility, which must be preserved and maintained in good condition in every possible way, at the same time not to refuse the construction of new buildings in the historical environment, which should correspond in appearance and technology to the present, and not mechanically copy the historical past, devaluing it.

ASSESSMENT OF THE AGGREGATES IMPACT ON THE PROPERTIES OF RECOVERY POLYMER MORTARS

The peculiarities of polymer mortar application for renovation and restoration are determined on the basis of priority data integration about the destruction mode of valuable historical buildings. The possibilities of controlling technological, physical-mechanical, and operational properties of recovery polymer mortar due to the aggregates of different nature are shown. For the analysis and optimisation, the quantitative relations between the structure and property factors of recovery polymer mortars and the factors of recipes and technology determining them were obtained in the form of experimental and statistical models calculated using the COMPEX system. The optimisation methods of recipe and technological solutions based on the use of experimental and statistical models are proposed. The optimisation of polymer mortar composition according to the package of quality indexes and property stability at high temperature has been carried out. The package of "mixture-technology-properties" models has been obtained, with the help of which the change mechanisms of direct and summarizing indexes of mixture technological properties and mechanical properties of recovery polymer mortars have been established when changing the type of aggregates (ceramics, quartz, carbonates, their binary and triple mixtures). The influence of aggregates on the durability change of polymer mortar under the influence of various temperature-climatic and operational factors (UV-irradiation, alternate action of temperature and aggressive aqueous solutions) has been studied. It is recommended to use quantity and type optimal aggregates to provide the complex of technological and operational properties of polymer mortar and to reduce the consumption of imported polymer. The rational compositions of polymer mortar with increased stability of properties under changing temperature and climatic conditions are proposed for different restoration technologies. The series of nomograms have been developed for the initial selection of the "area" of rational polymer mortar compositions, providing for further correction in relation to a specific repairable object. Technological and marketing analysis according to the research results are carried out.

Evaluating the efficiency of factors influencing valuation of residential buildings: A priority weight-based model

Valuation of buildings is an utmost complication for different socio-economic stakeholders in the building's buying and selling process. The traditional valuation approaches can vary because it depends on the evaluator's opinions. Also, existing approaches have not considered all the parameters and the interrelation between these parameters for their models. The objective of this study is to develop a priority weights-based rating model for the valuation of existing and new buildings. In this paper, the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) is used to develop a rating system to use in the valuation process of buildings. The complementary novelty of this paper is the inclusion of the primary principles of engineering, sustainability, and adaptability into the valuation process of a building. Further, the subjectivity of this model is eliminated by using numerical descriptors. The opinions of 100 experts were collected and averaged to develop this model, and the consistency ratio of the experts’ opinions was maintained at less than 10 %. Finally, the valuation of a residential building is performed as a case study to show the numerical possibilities of the proposed model. The proposed model can be used to evaluate existing and new residential buildings in property transactions, insurance purposes, taxation, and making investment decisions.

Sustainable Hybrid Lime Mortars for Historic Building Conservation: Incorporating Wood Biomass Ash as a Low-Carbon Secondary Binder

Renewables-based power grid expansion has increased the use of wood biomass as a low-carbon fuel, resulting in the generation of predominantly inorganic wood biomass ash (WBA) as waste during biomass combustion. The conservation of historically valuable, damaged, and energy-inefficient buildings can help downsize carbon emissions and energy consumption, while promoting the use of alternative repair materials, including unavailing materials such as WBA, and implementing zero-waste measures. This study aims to underscore the importance of a proactive approach in managing WBA and its application in artificial hydraulic lime (AHL) mortars. Hybrid lime mortars were prepared by combining natural hydraulic lime (NHL) as the primary binder with fly wood biomass ash (WBA) as the secondary substitute, using different mass ratios of NHL to WBA (100:0, 80:20, and 70:30). The experimental framework encompassed interconnected analytical steps, ranging from binder analysis to paste and mortar preparation. The chemical and mineralogical composition, physical properties, and reactivity of WBA were evaluated to determine the appropriate proportion of WBA for low-carbon AHL binder formulation. Prior to mortar mixing, the water demand, setting time, and soundness of the AHL pastes were assessed. The effects of each AHL binder blend on the mechanical properties of the AHL mortars were analyzed based on compressive and flexural strength measurements after 28 days of curing under different CO2 and moisture conditions (CO2~400 ppm at 70% RH and 95% RH; CO2~30,000 ppm at 60% RH). Additionally, changes in the porous structure were studied. Notwithstanding the greatly prolonged setting time, the results indicate that the mechanical properties of AHL mortars can be enhanced by the addition of WBA in a moderate ratio, empowering the development of environmentally friendly lime mortars suitable for conservation purposes.

The role of preventive maintenance in protecting heritage and valuable buildings from the risks of climate change

The role of preventive maintenance in protecting heritage and valuable buildings from the risks of climate change

Developing an LADM Valuation Information Model for Mongolia

Modern land/property valuation practice requires three-dimensional (3D) valuation, which is crucial to better valuate and assess values of property units. However, conventional land/property valuation systems primarily exist in 2D form, which hinders the accurate valuation of buildings, condominiums and land. The present study introduces the first step toward establishing an advanced land/property valuation system in Mongolia, where it is urgent to meet such requirements. We examined relevant Mongolian geospatial standards and documents, those related to land valuation (i.e., cadastral parcels and buildings), and a valuation information model, which is based on the ISO 19152:2012 Land Administration Domain Model (LADM), with the aim of developing an LADM Valuation Information Model country profile for Mongolia. After the in-depth analysis of the data model of both the LADM Valuation Information Model and the national geospatial relevant standards, we proposed the LADM Valuation Information Model country profile as a conceptual model. Our study results demonstrate how the LADM Valuation Information Model can be adapted to the Mongolian land administration system. Our findings can be used to serve a reference data model to construct 3D land/property valuation systems for efficient valuation of land (e.g., mass appraisal) and taxation purposes.

Oradea’s 1900s Industrial Structures Behaviour

Abstract The paper brings to attention the industrial buildings from the 1900s through two case studies of high-rise buildings for the period in which they were built. The study is done by analyzing the resistance structure of two buildings built around the 1880s and their behavior over time. The destiny of these very valuable buildings from a historical, architectural and structural point of view is regarded as a motivation for the authors for the elaboration of the present paper. One of the studied buildings has been dismantled, while for the second one, the owners are allocating funding for structural rehabilitation in order to maintain it, in parallel with the re-conversion, modernization and expansion of the building. For valuable buildings and historic monument buildings, maintenance activity is particularly important in order to prevent structural degradation. It is especially important to pass on the historical legacy to future generations, therefore its structural strengthening and rehabilitation must take precedence over financial implications.

GEOECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS UPON IMPROVEMENT OF HISTORIC CITIES AND PRESERVATION OF HISTORIC URBAN HERITAGE

In spite of the fact that almost everywhere in the territories of historic cities, under the influence of the shortcomings of landscaping, there is a progressive technogenesis of the geological environment and groundwater, which can lead to the destruction of architectural monuments and historically valuable buildings, this problem remains poorly studied. Given the enormous scale of work on the improvement of the historical territories, which is planned to perform under the national projects and municipal programs, the study of this direction to improve the design methodology and engineering surveys as an objective basis for the development of design decisions, is very relevant. For the historical territories of cities that include architectural monuments and valuable buildings, specialized methods of design and engineering and environmental surveys, geoecological monitoring, including measures to ensure the preservation of cultural heritage, are necessary. The article provides a review of literary sources, analysis of examples, and actual data confirming the impact of landscaping factors on the state of cultural heritage sites (CHS). The most significant in terms of the impact on the geological environment and, accordingly, on the preservation of monuments of architecture are the shortcomings of vertical planning and drainage. In the conditions of high-density housing development, the unsatisfactory improvement can stimulate the processes of underflooding, suffosion, and karst, as well as the general technogenesis of soils, and loss of the bearing capacity of the bases and foundations. Underflooding of basements, “soaking” of walls, and formation of cracks on facades can be observed in architectural monuments and historical buildings. The study summarizes the observations and results obtained by the authors – representatives of various specialties (engineers, geologist, architect-restorer) at various stages of their creative work and takes into account the long experience of OOO “IGBI” on the design of improvement on the historical territories of Moscow.